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Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2020  with  funding  from 
Duke  University  Libraries 


https://archive.org/details/introductiontoamOOIela 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE 
AMERICAN  OFFICIAL  SOURCES 
FOR  THE  ECONOMIC  AND  SOCIAL  HISTORY 
OF  THE  WORLD  WAR 


ECONOMIC  AND  SOCIAL  HISTORY 
OF  THE  WORLD  WAR 
James  T.  Shotwele,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.,  General  Editor, 


AMERICAN  SERIES 


For  List  of  Editors,  Publishers  and  Plan  of  Series 
see  end  of  this  volume. 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE 

AMERICAN  OFFICIAL  SOURCES 

FOR  THE  ECONOMIC  AND  SOCIAL 
HISTORY  OF  THE  WORLD  WAR 


COMPILED  BY 


WALDO  G.  LELAND  AND 
NEWTON  D.  MERENESS 


NEW  HAVEN  :  YALE  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

LONDON  :  HUMPHREY  MILFORD  :  OXFORD  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 
FOR  THE  CARNEGIE  ENDOWMENT  FOR  INTERNATIONAL 
PEACE  :  DIVISION  OF  ECONOMICS  AND  HISTORY 

1926 


COPYEIGHT  1926  BY  THE 

Carnegie  Endowment  for  International  Peace 
Printed  in  the  United  States  of  America 


EDITOR’S  PREFACE 


3  3  ^3  .  / 

(i  £  f  A 


In  the  autumn  of  1914,  when  the  scientific  study  of  the  effects  of  war  7^  * 
upon  modern  life  passed  suddenly  from  theory  to  history,  the  Divi¬ 
sion  of  Economics  and  History  of  the  Carnegie  Endowunent  for  In¬ 
ternational  Peace  proposed  to  adjust  the  program  of  its  researches 
to  the  new  and  altered  problems  which  the  war  presented.  The  exist¬ 
ing  program,  which  had  been  prepared  as  the  result  of  a  conference 
of  economists  held  at  Berne  in  1911,  and  which  dealt  wdth  the  facts 
then  at  hand,  had  just  begun  to  show  the  quality  of  its  contribu¬ 
tions  ;  but  for  many  reasons  it  could  no  longer  be  followed  out.  A  plan 
was  therefore  drawn  up  at  the  request  of  the  Director  of  the  Di\'ision 
in  which  it  was  proposed,  by  means  of  an  historical  survey,  to  attempt 
to  measure  the  economic  cost  of  the  war  and  the  displacement  which 
it  was  causing  in  the  processes  of  civilization.  Such  an  ‘Economic  and 
Social  History  of  the  World  War,’  it  was  felt,  if  undertaken  by  men 
of  judicial  temper  and  adequate  training,  might  ultimately,  by  rea¬ 
son  of  its  scientific  obligations  to  truth,  furnish  data  for  the  forming 
of  sound  public  opinion,  and  thus  contribute  fundamentally  toward 
the  aims  of  an  institution  dedicated  to  the  cause  of  international 
peace. 

The  need  for  such  an  analysis,  conceived  and  executed  in  the  spirit 
of  historical  research,  was  increasingly  obvious  as  the  war  developed, 
releasing  complex  forces  of  national  life  not  only  for  the  vast  process 
of  destruction,  but  also  for  the  stimulation  of  new  capacities  for  pro¬ 
duction.  This  new  economic  activity,  which  under  normal  conditions 
of  peace  might  have  been  a  gain  to  society,  and  the  surprising  ca¬ 
pacity  exhibited  by  the  belligerent  nations  for  enduring  long  and  in¬ 
creasing  loss — often  while  presenting  the  outward  semblance  of  new 
prosperity — made  necessary  a  reconsideration  of  the  whole  field  of 
war  economics.  A  double  obligation  was  therefore  placed  upon  the 
Division  of  Economics  and  History.  It  was  obliged  to  concentrate  its 
work  upon  the  problem  thus  presented,  and  to  study  it  as  a  whole ;  in 
other  words,  to  apply  to  it  the  tests  and  disciplines  of  history.  Just 
as  the  war  itself  was  a  single  event,  though  penetrating  by  seemingly 
unconnected  ways  to  the  remotest  parts  of  the  world,  so  the  analysis 


U7I0 


VI 


EDITOR’S  PREFACE 


of  it  must  be  developed  according  to  a  plan  at  once  all  embracing  and 
yet  adjustable  to  the  practical  limits  of  the  available  data. 

During  the  actual  progress  of  the  war,  however,  the  execution  of 
this  plan  for  a  scientific  and  objective  study  of  war  economics  proved 
impossible  in  any  large  and  authoritative  way.  Incidental  studies  and 
surveys  of  portions  of  the  field  could  be  made  and  were  made  under 
the  direction  of  the  Division,  but  it  was  impossible  to  undertake  a 
general  history  for  obvious  reasons.  In  the  first  place,  an  authorita¬ 
tive  statement  of  the  resources  of  belligerents  bore  directly  on  the 
conduct  of  armies  in  the  field.  The  result  was  to  remove  as  far  as  pos¬ 
sible  from  scrutiny  those  data  of  the  economic  life  of  the  countries  at 
war  which  would  ordinarily,  in  time  of  peace,  be  readily  available  for 
investigation.  In  addition  to  this  difficulty  of  consulting  documents, 
collaborators  competent  to  deal  wdth  them  were  for  the  most  part 
called  into  national  service  in  the  belligerent  countries  and  so  were 
unavailable  for  research.  The  plan  for  a  war  history  was  therefore 
postponed  until  conditions  should  arise  which  would  make  possible 
not  only  access  to  essential  documents,  but  also  the  cooperation  of 
economists,  historians,  and  men  of  affairs  in  the  nations  chiefly  con¬ 
cerned,  whose  joint  work  would  not  be  misunderstood  either  in  pur¬ 
pose  or  in  content. 

Upon  the  termination  of  the  war,  the  Endowment  once  more  took 
up  the  original  plan,  and  it  was  found  with  but  slight  modification  to 
be  applicable  to  the  situation.  Work  was  begun  in  the  summer  and 
autumn  of  1919.  In  the  first  place,  a  final  conference  of  the  Advisory 
Board  of  Economists  of  the  Division  of  Economics  and  History  was 
held  in  Paris,  which  limited  itself  to  planning  a  series  of  short  pre¬ 
liminary  surveys  of  special  fields.  Since,  however,  the  purely  prelimi¬ 
nary  character  of  such  studies  was  further  emphasized  by  the  fact 
that  they  were  directed  more  especially  towards  those  problems  which 
were  then  fronting  Europe  as  questions  of  urgency,  it  was  considered 
best  not  to  treat  them  as  part  of  the  general  survey,  but  rather  as  of 
contemporary  value  in  the  period  of  war  settlement.  It  was  clear  that 
not  only  could  no  general  program  be  laid  do^ra  a  priori  by  this  con¬ 
ference  as  a  whole,  but  that  a  new  and  more  highly  specialized  re¬ 
search  organization  than  that  already  existing  would  be  needed  to 
undertake  the  Economic  and  Social  History  of  the  War,  one  based 
more  upon  national  grounds  in  the  first  instance,  and  less  upon 


EDITOR’S  PREFACE 


vii 

purely  international  cooperation.  Until  the  facts  of  national  history 
could  be  ascertained,  it  would  be  impossible  to  proceed  with  compara¬ 
tive  analysis ;  and  the  different  national  histories  were  themselves  of 
almost  baffling  intricacy  and  variety.  Consequently  the  former  Euro¬ 
pean  Committee  of  Research  was  dissolved,  and  in  its  place  it  was  de¬ 
cided  to  erect  an  Editorial  Board  in  each  of  the  larger  countries  and 
to  nominate  special  editors  in  the  smaller  ones,  who  should  concen¬ 
trate,  for  the  present  at  least,  upon  their  owm  economic  and  social  war 
history. 

The  nomination  of  these  boards  by  the  General  Editor  was  the 
first  step  taken  in  every  country  where  the  work  has  begun.  And  if 
any  justification  was  needed  for  the  plan  of  the  Endowment,  it  at 
once  may  be  found  in  the  lists  of  those,  distinguished  in  scholarship 
or  in  public  affairs,  who  have  accepted  the  responsibility  of  editor¬ 
ship.  This  responsibility  is  by  no  means  light,  involving  as  it  does, 
the  adaptation  of  the  general  editorial  plan  to  the  varying  demands 
of  national  circumstances  or  methods  of  work;  and  the  measure  of 
success  attained  is  due  to  the  generous  and  earnest  cooperation  of 
those  in  charge  in  each  country. 

Once  the  editorial  organization  was  established  there  could  be  little 
doubt  as  to  the  first  step  which  should  be  taken  in  each  instance  to¬ 
ward  the  actual  preparation  of  the  history.  Without  documents 
there  can  be  no  history.  The  essential  records  of  the  war,  local  as 
well  as  central,  have  therefore  to  be  preserved  and  to  be  made  avail¬ 
able  for  research  in  so  far  as  is  compatible  with  public  interest.  But 
this  archival  task  is  a  very  great  one,  belonging  of  right  to  the  gov¬ 
ernments  and  other  owmers  of  historical  sources  and  not  to  the  his¬ 
torian  or  economist  who  proposes  to  use  them.  It  is  an  obligation  of 
ownership ;  for  all  such  documents  are  public  trust.  The  collaborators 
on  this  section  of  the  war  history,  therefore,  working  within  their  own 
field  as  researchers,  could  only  survey  the  situation  as  they  found  it 
and  report  their  findings  in  the  form  of  guides  or  manuals :  and  per¬ 
haps,  by  stimulating  a  comparison  of  methods,  help  to  further  the 
adoption  of  those  found  to  be  most  practical.  In  every  country, 
therefore,  this  was  the  point  of  departure  for  actual  work ;  although 
special  monographs  have  not  been  written  in  every  instance. 

The  first  stage  of  the  work  upon  the  war  history,  dealing  with  little 
more  than  the  externals  of  archives,  seemed  for  a  while  to  exhaust 


Vlll 


EDITOR’S  PREFACE 


the  possibilities  of  research,  and  had  the  plan  of  the  history  been 
limited  to  research  based  upon  official  documents,  little  more  could 
have  been  done,  for  once  documents  have  been  labelled  ‘secret’  few 
government  officials  can  be  found  with  sufficient  courage  or  initiative 
to  break  open  the  seal.  Thus  vast  masses  of  source  material  essential 
for  the  historian  were  effectively  placed  beyond  his  reach,  although 
much  of  it  was  quite  harmless  from  any  point  of  view.  While  war  con¬ 
ditions  thus  continued  to  hamper  research,  and  were  likely  to  do  so 
for  many  years  to  come,  some  alternative  had  to  be  found. 

Fortunately,  such  an  alternative  was  at  hand  in  the  narrative,  am¬ 
ply  supported  by  documentary  evidence,  of  those  who  had  played 
some  part  in  the  conduct  of  affairs  during  the  war,  or  who,  as  close 
observers  in  privileged  positions,  were  able  to  record  from  first  or  at 
least  second-hand  knowledge  the  economic  history  of  different  phases 
of  the  Great  War,  and  of  its  effect  upon  society.  Thus  a  series  of 
monographs  was  planned  consisting  for  the  most  part  of  unofficial 
yet  authoritative  statements,  descriptive  or  historical,  which  may  best 
be  described  as  about  half-way  between  memoirs  and  blue-books. 
These  monographs  make  up  the  main  body  of  the  work  assigned  so 
far.  They  are  not  limited  to  contemporary  war-time  studies ;  for  the 
economic  history  of  the  war  must  deal  with  a  longer  period  than  that 
of  the  actual  fighting.  It  must  cover  the  years  of  “deflation”  as  well, 
at  least  sufficiently  to  secure  some  fairer  measure  of  the  economic  dis¬ 
placement  than  is  possible  in  purely  contemporary  judgments. 

With  this  phase  of  the  work,  the  editorial  problems  assumed  a  new 
aspect.  The  series  of  monographs  had  to  be  planned  primarily  with 
regard  to  the  availability  of  contributors,  rather  than  of  source  mate¬ 
rial  as  in  the  case  of  most  histories ;  for  the  contributors  themselves 
controlled  the  sources.  This  in  turn  involved  a  new  attitude  toward 
those  two  ideals  which  historians  have  sought  to  emphasize,  consist¬ 
ency  and  objectivity.  In  order  to  bring  out  the  chief  contribution  of 
each  writer  it  was  impossible  to  keep  ^dthin  narrowly  logical  out¬ 
lines  ;  facts  would  have  to  be  repeated  in  different  settings  and  seen 
from  different  angles,  and  sections  included  which  do  not  lie  within 
the  strict  limits  of  histor}^ ;  and  absolute  objectivity  could  not  be  ob¬ 
tained  in  every  part.  Under  the  stress  of  controvers}’^  or  apology, 
partial  views  would  here  and  there  find  their  expression.  But  these 
views  are  in  some  instances  an  intrinsic  part  of  the  history  itself. 


EDITOR’S  PREFACE 


IX 


contemporary  measurements  of  facts  as  significant  as  the  facts  with 
which  they  deal.  Moreover,  the  work  as  a  whole  is  planned  to  furnish 
its  own  corrective ;  and  where  it  does  not,  others  will. 

In  addition  to  the  monographic  treatment  of  source  material,  a 
number  of  studies  by  specialists  is  already  in  preparation,  dealing 
with  teclmical  or  limited  subjects,  historical  or  statistical.  These 
monographs  also  partake  to  some  extent  of  the  nature  of  first-hand 
material,  registering  as  they  do  the  data  of  history  close  enough  to 
the  source  to  permit  verification  in  ways  impossible  later.  But  they 
also  belong  to  that  constructive  process  by  which  history  passes  from 
analysis  to  synthesis.  The  process  is  a  long  and  difficult  one,  however, 
and  work  upon  it  has  only  just  begun.  To  quote  an  apt  characteriza¬ 
tion,  in  the  first  stages  of  a  history  like  this  one  is  only  “picking 
cotton.”  The  tangled  threads  of  events  have  still  to  be  woven  into  the 
pattern  of  history ;  and  for  this  creative  and  constructive  work  dif¬ 
ferent  plans  and  organizations  may  be  needed. 

In  a  work  which  is  the  product  of  so  complex  and  varied  coopera¬ 
tion  as  this,  it  is  impossible  to  indicate  in  any  but  a  most  general  way 
the  apportionment  of  responsibility  of  editors  and  authors  for 
the  contents  of  the  different  monographs.  For  the  plan  of  the  His¬ 
tory  as  a  whole  and  its  effective  execution  the  General  Editor  is 
responsible ;  but  the  arrangement  of  the  detailed  programs  of  study 
has  been  largely  the  work  of  the  different  Editorial  Boards  and  divi¬ 
sional  editors,  who  have  also  read  the  manuscripts  prepared  under 
their  direction.  The  acceptance  of  a  monograph  in  this  series,  how¬ 
ever,  does  not  commit  the  editors  to  the  opinions  or  conclusions  of  the 
authors.  Like  other  editors,  they  are  asked  to  vouch  for  the  scientific 
merit,  the  appropriateness  and  usefulness  of  the  volumes  admitted 
to  the  series ;  but  the  authors  are  naturally  free  to  make  their  indi¬ 
vidual  contributions  in  their  o\\ti  way.  In  like  manner,  the  publica¬ 
tion  of  the  monographs  does  not  commit  the  Endowment  to  agree¬ 
ment  with  any  specific  conclusions  which  may  be  expressed  therein. 
The  responsibility  of  the  Endowment  is  to  History  itself — an  obliga¬ 
tion  not  to  avoid  but  to  secure  and  preserve  variant  narratives  and 
points  of  view,  in  so  far  as  they  are  essential  for  the  understanding 
of  the  war  as  a  whole. 


J.  T.  S. 


•n 


COMPILERS’  PREFACE 


The  purpose  of  this  volume  is  to  present  a  summary  account  of 
those  records  and  official  publications  of  the  various  branches  and 
offices  of  the  Federal  Government  which  constitute  the  primary 
sources  for  the  history  of  the  social  and  economic  activities  of  the 
national  government  during  the  period  of  American  participation 
in  the  World  War. 

The  period  covered  is  from  the  declaration  of  war  in  April, 
1917,  to  the  completion  of  demobilization  in  1920.  This  period  is, 
however,  sometimes  extended,  at  the  one  end  to  the  commencement 
of  hostilities  in  Europe  in  1914,  and  at  the  other  end  to  the  later 
phases  of  reconstruction  in  1922. 

To  have  enlarged  the  scope  of  the  volume  to  include  the  records 
and  publications  of  state  and  local  governments,  and  of  the  many 
non-governmental  organizations  which  contributed  in  important 
and  essential  ways  to  the  conduct  of  the  war,  would  have  increased 
the  task  of  the  compilers  far  beyond  the  limited  time  and  attention 
which  they  have  been  able  to  devote  to  it.  They  have,  however,  en¬ 
deavored  to  give  some  indication  of  the  vast  masses  of  material  of 
all  sorts  which  are  being  accumulated  by  the  various  state  war  his¬ 
tory  organizations. 

To  have  omitted  all  mention  of  these  collections  would  have  been 
to  ignore  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  characteristic  phases  of  the 
war  itself,  namely,  the  systematic  and  comprehensive  effort  to  collect 
and  preserve,  while  it  could  still  be  done  on  a  large  scale,  the  docu¬ 
ments  which  are  essential  to  writing  the  history  of  all  aspects  of  the 
emergency,  especially  its  social  and  economic  aspects.  It  is  believed, 
therefore,  that  the  information  presented  in  the  section  on  State 
War  History  Collections,  incomplete  and  sketchy  as  it  is,  for  it  has 
been  gathered  mainly  by  correspondence,  will  be  found  to  be  inter¬ 
esting  and  suggestive. 

In  making  use  of  the  present  volume  it  should  always  be  borne 
in  mind  that  it  is  in  no  sense  a  bibliographv  of  the  war.  Very 
few  unofficial  publications  are  mentioned,  and  they  are  included 
only  because,  on  account  of  their  authorship  or  for  other  reasons. 


XU 


COMPILER’S  PREFACE 


they  supplement  in  an  especially  useful  way  the  official  publications 
of  some  governmental  unit. 

The  plan  of  the  compilers  has  been  to  select  those  branches  or 
offices  of  the  government  which  conducted  important  social  or  eco¬ 
nomic  activities,  to  give  a  brief  account  of  their  organization  and 
functions,  to  list  their  significant  publications  and  to  describe  their 
records  and  files. 

It  has  not,  however,  been  possible  to  adhere  uniformly  to  this 
plan,  and  in  numerous  cases  the  description  of  the  records  and  files 
is  very  summary  or  is  omitted  altogether.  These  omissions  are  due  to 
various  causes:  the  files  of  some  of  the  emergency  offices  are  physi¬ 
cally  inaccessible,  being  packed  in  boxes  and  stored;  the  files  of 
other  offices  are  regarded  as  confidential  and  no  examination  of 
them  is  permitted.  In  many  cases,  however,  the  files  consist  of  masses 
of  administrative  material,  which  are  of  such  vast  physical  bulk 
that  the  investigator  would  find  great  difficulty  in  exploring  them, 
and  from  which  the  important  data  have  already  been  compiled  and 
presented  in  published  or  mimeographed  form,  or  in  official  memo¬ 
randa.  In  such  cases  the  publications  of  the  office  suffice  for  the 
needs  of  most  investigators. 

The  compilers  have  been  fortunate  in  securing  the  collaboration 
of  several  persons  who  were  especially  competent  to  report  on  cer¬ 
tain  important  establishments.  Thus  the  material  for  the  account  of 
the  Food  Administration  was  gathered  b}’^  Professor  Everett  S. 
Brown,  now  of  the  University  of  Michigan,  who  was  attached  to  the 
Food  Administration  during  its  entire  existence.  Professor  J.  G. 
Randall,  of  the  University  of  Illinois,  who  compiled  the  material 
for  the  report  on  the  Shipping  Board,  was  the  historian  of  that 
organization  during  the  last  year  of  the  war;  the  material  for  the 
accounts  of  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  of  the  War  Trade 
Board  was  gathered  by  Dr.  James  A.  Robertson,  who  until  re¬ 
cently  was  on  the  staff  of  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic 
Commerce;  while  Miss  Laura  Thompson,  librarian  of  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Labor,  performed  the  difficult  task  of  dealing  ^vith  the  ac¬ 
tivities  of  that  Department  and  of  the  various  boards  and  units  that 
composed  the  War  Labor  Administration.  The  basis  of  the  report 
on  the  War  Industries  Board  was  furnished  through  the  courtesy 
of  the  War  Department,  by  Miss  Adelaide  R.  Hasse,  who  in  1921 


COMPILER’S  PREFACE 


Xlll 


and  1922  was  in  charge  of  the  classification  and  final  arrangement 
of  the  files  of  that  important  organization.  The  section  dealing  with 
the  Department  of  State  has  been  recast  and  enlarged  by  Dr, 
Tyler  Dennett,  editor  of  that  Department,  and  Mrs.  Jeannette  P. 
Nichols  has  rendered  much  valuable  assistance  of  a  bibliographical 
character  and  has  aided  in  preparing  the  sections  devoted  to  the 
Department  of  the  Interior  and  to  certain  bureaus  of  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture. 

The  obligations  of  the  compilers  are  further  due  to  many  officials 
who  have  freely  given  valuable  assistance  or  who  have  reviewed  the 
sections  relating  to  their  respective  offices  and  approved  them  or 
made  suggestions  for  their  improvement,  and  also  to  the  executive 
officers  of  many  state  war  history  organizations  who  have  supplied 
information  respecting  the  collections  in  their  custody. 

Finally,  mention  should  be  made  of  the  cooperation  of  the  Na¬ 
tional  Association  of  State  War  History  Organizations  (now  dis¬ 
solved),  which  permitted  the  use  of  a  considerable  body  of  pertinent 
information  that  had  been  gathered  for  it,  and  acknowledgment 
should  be  made  to  Mrs.  R.  S.  Bowman  for  assistance  in  the  prepara¬ 
tion  of  the  manuscript  for  the  press. 

While  the  compilers  hold  themselves  jointly  responsible  for  the 
present  volume,  it  is  only  fair  to  state  that  the  labor  of  writing  by 
far  the  larger  part  of  it  devolved  upon  Mr.  Mereness. 

Waldo  G.  Leland 
Newton  D.  Mereness 

Washington, 

June  27, 1925. 


CONTENTS 


Introduction 

LEGISLATIA^E  AND  JUDICIARY 

THE  CONGRESS 

Publications  ^ 

Proceedings  ^ 

Congressional  Record  2 

Journals  2 

Bills  and  Resolutions  ^ 

Laws  ^ 

Reports  ^ 

Documents  5 

Hearings  5 

Select  list  of  hearings  6 

Senate  committees  "7 

Agriculture  and  Forestry  7 

Banking  and  Currency  8 

Commerce  8 

Education  and  Labor  8 

Finance  9 

Immigration  9 

Interstate  Commerce  10 

Judiciary  11 

Manufactures  12 

Military  Affairs  12 

Mines  and  Mining  14 

Public  Buildings  and  Grounds  14 

Reconstruction  and  Production  14 

House  of  Representatives  committees  15 

Agriculture  15 

Appropriations  15 

Education  15 

Immigration  and  Naturalization  16 

Interstate  and  Foreign  Commerce  16 

Judiciary  16 

Merchant  Marine  and  Fisheries  17 


XVI 


CONTENTS 


Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads  17 

Public  Lands  17 

Rules  17 

Ways  and  Means  17 

Expenditures  in  the  War  Department 
United  States  Shipping  Board  18 

Investigation  of  National  Security  League  18 

Joint  committees  19 

Senate  and  House  files  19 

UNITED  STATES  SUPREME  COURT 

Select  list  of  cases ;  records  and  briefs  22 


EXECUTIVE  DEPAKTMENTS 


DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE 

War-time  functions  28 

Publications  and  records  28 

Executive  orders  and  proclamations  28 

Diplomatic  and  consular  correspondence  29 

Petitions  and  protests  30 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  TREASURY 

Functions  34 

Division  of  Customs  34 

Internal  Revenue  Service  35 

War  Loan  Organization  36 

Bureau  of  Foreign  Loans  36 

Federal  Farm  Loan  System  36 

Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insurance  37 

United  States  Public  Health  Service  38 

Publications  40 

General  40 

Customs  41 

Internal  Revenue  41 

Estimates  42 

Treasurer  42 

Comptroller  of  the  Currency  42 

War  Loan  Organization  43 

Federal  Farm  Loan  Board  44 

Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insurance  45 

Public  Health  Service  47 


CONTENTS  xvii 

DEPARTMENT  OF  WAR 

General  publications  50 

Adjutant  General’s  Office  51 

Records  51 

General  Staff  52 

Organization  52 

Publications  53 

Purchase,  Storage,  and  Traffic  Division  54 

Publications  54 

Records  55 

Questionnaire  to  firms  55 

Histories  of  supply  depots  57 

Histories  of  quartermaster  and  other  supply  units  58 

War  Plans  Division  60 

Training  and  Instruction  Branch  60 

Functions  60 

Publications  61 

Records  61 

Historical  Branch  61 

Publications  62 

Records  62 

Economic  mobilization  62 

Services  of  Supply,  A.E.F.  69 

Ordnance  Department  70 

Organization  and  functions  70 

Publications  71 

Records  73 

Construction  Division  73 

Organization  and  functions  73 

Publications  74 

Records  75 

Transportation  Service  76 

Functions  and  organization  76 

Publications  77 

Records  78 

Motor  Transport  Corps  79 

Creation,  organization,  and  functions  79 

Publications  81 

Records  81 

Corps  of  Engineers  82 


XVlll 


CONTENTS 


Signal  Corps  82 

Air  Service  82 

Creation,  organization,  and  functions  82 

Publications  83 

Records  84 

Chemical  Warfare  Service  85 

Creation,  organization,  and  functions  85 

Publications  85 

Records  86 

Medical  Department  87 

Expansion  and  functions  87 

Pubbcations  87 

General  87 

Hospital  histories  88 

Records  89 

Office  of  the  Provost  Marshal  General  89 

Organization  and  functions  89 

Publications  90 

Records  91 

Records  of  registrants  91 

Board  records  92 

Experience  reports  and  narratives  92 

Finance  Service  92 

Functions  92 

Pubbcations  93 

DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE 

Functions  94 

Organization  94 

Publications  94 

Select  list  of  opinions  95 

Select  bst  of  bulletins  99 

General  100 

POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT 

Functions  102 

Operation  of  telegraph  and  telephone  systems  102 

Military  mail  102 

Cooperation  with  other  branches  of  the  government  103 

Publications  103 


CONTENTS  xix 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  NAVY 

Functions  104 

Construction  and  procurement  of  vessels  104 

Coast  patrol  105 

Submarine  defense  106 

Transportation  of  troops  and  supplies  106 

Ordnance  107 

Supplies  107 

Training  109 

Medical,  surgical,  and  sanitary  service  109 

Publications  110 

Records  .  Ill 

Historical  Section  111 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

United  State  Geological  Survey  113 

Organization  113 

War  functions  113 

Division  of  Geology  113 

Division  of  Chemical  and  Physical  Research  114 

Division  of  Mineral  Resources  114 

Topographic  Branch  114 

Water  Resources  Branch  114 

Publications  115 

Records  116 

Data  on  mineral  commodities  116 

Periodical  reports  117 

Bureau  of  Mines  118 

Functions  118 

Organization  119 

War  Gas  Division  119 

War  Minerals  Division  120 

Explosives  Regulation  Division  121 

Petroleum  Division  121 

Publications  121 

General  121 

Bulletins  122 

Technical  Papers  122 

Records  123 

United  States  Reclamation  Service  123 

Functions  123 


XX 


CONTENTS 


Publications  124 

Records  125 

Reclamation  Circular  Letters  125 

Miscellaneous  data,  Soldiers’  Settlement  Project  125 

United  States  Bureau  of  Education  126 

Organization  126 

War  work  126 

Publications  127 

Reports  127 

Periodicals  127 

Bulletins  128 

Special  pubKcations  129 

Circulars  130 

Records  131 

Mails  and  Files  Division  132 

DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Departmental  functions  and  organization  134 

Office  of  the  Secretary  135 

War  measures  135 

Publications  136 

General  136 

Circulars  137 

Records  138 

States  Relations  Service  139 

Functions  and  organization  139 

War  activities  139 

Publications  140 

Reports  140 

Farmers’  Bulletins  141 

Department  of  Agriculture  Circulars  141 

Experiment  Station  Record  141 

Yearbook  142 

Circulars  and  leaflets  142 

Mimeographed  material  143 

Records  145 

Forest  Service  145 

Functions  and  organization  146 

Branch  of  Forest  Management  146 

Branch  of  Grazing  146 


CONTENTS  xxi 

Engineering  Section  146 

Branch  of  Research  146 

War  activities  147 

Publications  147 

General  147 

Specific  investigations  148 

Records,  mimeographed  149 

Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  151 

Functions  151 

War  activities  152 

Publications  152 

Reports  152 

Farmers’  Bulletins  153 

Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletins  155 

Articles  in  Yearbook  156 

Records  156 

Bureau  156 

Office  of  Soil  Fertility  157 

Office  of  Drug,  Poisonous  and  Oil  Plant  Investigations  157 

Office  of  Sugar  Plant  Investigations  157 

Office  of  Plant  Diseases  Survey  157 

Committee  on  Seed  Stocks  157 

Office  of  Seed  Distribution  158 

Records  of  conferences  159 

Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  159 

Functions  159 

War  activities  160 

Pubbcations  160 

Reports  160 

F armers’  Bulletins  1 60 

Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletins  161 

Secretary’s  Circulars  162 

Articles  in  Yearbook  162 

Recoi'ds  162 

Bureau  of  Markets  163 

Functions  163 

War  work  163 

Publications  164 

Reports  164 

Farmers’  Bulletins  165 


XXll 


CONTENTS 


Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletins  165 

Department  of  Agriculture  Circulars  166 

Articles  in  Yearbook  166 

Periodicals  167 

Mimeographed  Market  Reports  168 

Live  Stock  and  Meats  168 

Dairy  Products  168 

Eggs  169 

Fruits  and  Vegetables  169 

Grain,  Hay,  and  Feed  170 

Cold  Storage  170 

Honey  170 

Wool  Reports  170 

Records  171 

Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates  171 

Functions  171 

Publications  172 

Reports  172 

Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletins  172 

Yearbook  173 

Bureau  of  Chemistry  174 

Functions  174 

War  activities  174 

Publications  174 

Reports  174 

F armers’  Bulletins  175 

Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletins  175 

Articles  in  Yearbook  175 

Department  of  Agriculture  Circulars  175 

Mimeographed  papers  176 

Office  of  Farm  Management  176 

Publications  176 

Farmers’  Bulletins  176 

Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletins  177 

Articles  in  Yearbook  177 

United  States  Weather  Bureau  178 

Bureau  of  Entomology  178 

War  activities  178 

Publications  179 

Farmers’  Bulletins  179 

Articles  in  Yearbook  179 


CONTENTS 


xxm 


Bureau  of  Biological  Survey  179 

Publications  180 

Farmers’  Bulletins  180 

Articles  in  Yearbook  180 

Bureau  of  Soils  and  Office  of  Fertilizer  Control  180 

War  activities  180 

Publications  181 

Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletins  181 

Yearbook  181 

Department  of  Agriculture  Circulars  182 

Bureau  of  Public  Roads  and  United  States  Highways  Council  182 
Publications  182 

Reports  182 

Articles  in  Yearbook  183 

Articles  in  periodical  183 

Office  of  Information  183 

Weekly  Newsletter  183 

Special  Information  Serv'ice  184 

Home  Garden  Series  184 

Canning-Drying  Series  184 

War  Work  Weekly  184 

Agricultural  Advisory  Committee  185 

Agricultural  Commission  to  Europe  185 

DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 

Office  of  the  Secretary  186 

Functions  186 

Publications  186 

General  186 

Shipbuilding  187 

Water  transportation  187 

Reclamation  187 

Records  187 

Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce  188 

Functions  and  organization  188 

Division  of  Statistics  188 

Research  Division  189 

Division  of  Foreign  Tariffs  189 

Division  of  Trade  Information  189 

Latin  American  Division  190 


XXIV 


CONTENTS 


Far  Eastern  Division  190 

Division  of  District  Offices  190 

Foreign  Service  Division  191 

Division  of  Export  Licenses  193 

Publications  193 

Annual  Reports  and  Trade  Statistics  193 

Commerce  Reports  194 

Special  Agent  Series  194 

Miscellaneous  Series  199 

Tariff  Series  203 

Records  203 

Central  correspondence  file  203 

Division  files  204 

Multigraphed  material  204 

Bureau  of  Standards  204 

Functions  205 

Organization  205 

Division  of  Weights  and  Measures  205 

Electrical  Division  205 

Division  of  Heat  and  Thennometry  205 

Optical  Division  205 

Chemical  Division  206 

Division  of  Engineering  Physics  206 

Structural  Engineering  and  Miscellaneous  Materials 

Division  206 

Metallurgical  Division  206 

Division  of  Ceramics  206 

War  work  206 

Investigations  and  experiments  207 

Information  service  207 

Publications  208 

Miscellaneous  208 

Scientific  Papers  208 

Technologic  Papers  209 

Circulars  210 

Records  211 

Correspondence  files  211 

Technical  reports  and  data  211 

Bureau  of  the  Census  212 

Functions  and  organization  213 


CONTENTS 


XXV 


War  work  213 

Division  of  Manufactures  213 

Division  of  Agriculture  214 

Division  of  Population  214 

Publications  214 

General  215 

War  commodities  215 

Cotton  215 

Tobacco  215 

Population  215 

Financial  statistics  216 

Markets  and  transportation  216 

Mortality,  influenza  216 

Fourteenth  Census  216 

Bureau  of  Fisheries  217 

Functions  217 

War  activities  217 

Publications  218 

Annual  Reports  218 

Economic  Circulars  219 

Records  220 

Correspondence  220 

Mimeographed  material  220 

Bureau  of  Lighthouses  220 

Functions  and  organization  220 

Publications  221 

Records  222 

Steamboat  Inspection  Service  222 

Functions  and  organization  222 

War  work  223 

Publications  223 

Records  224 

Bureau  of  Navigation  224 

Functions  224 

War  work  225 

Publications  225 

Records  226 

United  States  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey  226 

(Transferred  to  military  and  naval  establishments) 


XXVI 


CONTENTS 


DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOR  AND  WAR  LABOR  ADMIN¬ 
ISTRATION 

Organization  and  development  227 

Department  of  Labor  (Permanent  establishment)  228 

General  228 

Records  and  functions  228 

Publications  229 

Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  229 

Functions  229 

Publications  230 

Bureau  of  Immigration  232 

Functions  232 

Publications  232 

Bureau  of  Naturalization  233 

Publications  233 

Children’s  Bureau  233 

Functions  233 

Publications  234 

Records  234 

Division  of  Conciliation  235 

Department  of  Labor  (Emergency  services)  235 

United  States  Boys’  Working  Bureau  235 

Functions  235 

Pubhcations  235 

United  States  Public  Service  Reserve  236 

Functions  236 

Publications  236 

United  States  Employment  Service  237 

Functions  237 

Publications  237 

President’s  Mediation  Commission  239 

Functions  239 

Publications  239 

War  Labor  Administration  240 

Advisory  Council  240 

War  Labor  Conference  Board  240 

Publications  241 

National  War  Labor  Board  241 

Functions  241 

Publications  242 

Records  244 


CONTENTS  xxvii 

War  Labor  Policies  Board  245 

Functions  245 

Publications  246 

Records  246 

Bureau  of  Industrial  Housing  and  Transportation;  U.S. 

Housing  Corporation  247 

Organization  and  functions  247 

Publications  248 

Records  249 

Division  of  Negro  Economics  249 

Functions  249 

Publications  250 

Information  and  Education  Service  250 

Functions  250 

Publications  and  records  251 

Investigation  and  Inspection  Service  252 

United  States  Training  Service  252 

Functions  252 

Publications  253 

Woman  in  Industry  Service  254 

Functions  254 

Publications  255 

Working  Conditions  Service  256 

Functions  256 

Publications  256 


INDEPENDENT  BOARDS  AND  COMMISSIONS 
INTERSTATE  COMMERCE  COMMISSION 


Organization  and  functions  258 

Publications  260 

FEDERAL  TRADE  COMMISSION 

Functions  262 

Records  and  publications  262 

Administrative  records  262 

Records  of  complaints  262 

Records  of  export  trade  263 

Records  of  enemy  trade  263 

Records  of  Economic  Division  264 

Confidential  cost  reports  264 

Published  cost  reports  267 


XXVlll 


CONTENTS 


UNITED  STATES  TARIFF  COMMISSION 

Functions  273 

Publications  273 

FEDERAL  RESERVE  BOARD 

Functions  277 

Publications  277 

Reports  277 

Bulletin  277 

UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD 

Organization  and  functions  280 

Shipping  Board  281 

Office  of  the  Secretary  281 

Division  of  Planning  and  Statistics  281 

Law  Division  281 

iMarine  and  Dock  Industrial  Relations  281 

National  Adjustment  Commission  281 

Port  and  Harbor  Facilities  Commission  281 

Recruiting  Service  282 

Committee  on  Assignment  of  Vessels  282 

Ship  Protection  Committee  282 

Ocean  Advisory  Committee  282 

Division  of  Regulation  282 

Emergency  Fleet  Corporation  282 

Ship  Construction  Division  282 

Shipyard  Plant  Division  282 

Passenger  Transportation  and  Housing  Division  282 

Supply  Division  282 

Special  Staff  282 

Division  of  Operation  282 

Publications  283 

Records  287 

Office  of  the  Secretary  287 

Minutes  287 

Historian’s  files  287 

Weekly  reports  288 

General  files  288 

IMarine  and  Dock  Industrial  Relations  Division  289 

Division  of  Planning  and  Statistics  290 

Subject  classification  291 


CONTENTS 


xxzx 


Emergency  Fleet  Corporation  307 

Division  of  Operation  307 

Division  of  Construction  308 

FEDERAL  BOARD  FOR  VOCATIONAL  EDUCATION 

Functions  310 

Organization  311 

Publications  312 

Reports  312 

Bulletins  312 

AMERICAN  NATIONAL  RED  CROSS 

Organization  314 

Publications  315 

Records  316 


EMERGENCY  ESTABLISHMENTS 
COUNCIL  OF  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 

Functions  317 

Organization  318 

State  Councils  Section  319 

Woman’s  Committee  319 

Field  Division  321 

Committee  on  Labor  321 

Medical  Section  321 

Highways  Transport  Committee  321 

Department  of  Science  and  Research  (National  Research 

Council)  322 

Reconstruction  Research  Division  323 

Publications  324 

General  324 

Woman’s  Committee  325 

Committee  on  Labor  325 

Medical  Section  326 

Highways  Transport  Conunittee  326 

National  Research  Council  326 

Reconstruction  Research  Division  327 

Mimeographed  material  327 

Records  328 

Council  and  advisory  commission  328 

State  Councils  Section  328 


CONTENTS 


Woman’s  Committee  329 

Committee  on  Labor  329 

Medical  Section  329 

Highways  Transport  Committee  329 

Reconstruction  Research  Division  329 

Committee  on  Coal  Production  331 

Committee  on  Transportation  and  Communication  331 

Committee  on  Supplies  331 

WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 

Evolution  and  dissolution  332 

Functions  333 

Organization  334 

Chairman  335 

Requirements  Division  335 

Conservation  Division  337 

Labor  Division  337 

Priorities  Division  338 

Price-Fixing  Committee  339 

AUied  Purchasing  Commission  340 

Commodity  Sections  340 

Division  of  Planning  and  Statistics  340 

Publications  341 

General  341 

Priorities  342 

Prices  342 

Mimeographed  Material  344 

Weekly  Review  344 

Advice  Sheet  344 

Bulletins  to  Regional  Advisors  344 

Industrial  Conversions  345 

Office  Review  345 

Office  Bulletins  345 

Price-Fixing  Bulletins  345 

Wholesale  Price  Bulletins  345 

Records  346 

General  Administrative  File  347 

Minutes  of  Meetings  347 

Rulings  348 

Questionnaires  348 

Form  communications  348 


CONTENTS  xxxi 

Bulletins  348 

Final  Reports  348 

Weekly  and  Monthly  Reports  348 

Special  Reports  349 

1.  Power  Reports  349 

2.  Commodity  Reports  349 

(a)  Mineral  Balance  Sheets  349 

(b)  Special  Reports  for  Price-Fixing  Committee  349 

(c)  Miscellaneous  Commodity  Price  Reports  350 

(d)  Miscellaneous  Series  Reports  350 

3.  Reports  on  Special  Subjects  by  Statistical  Division  350 

4.  Cost  of  Production  or  Operation  351 

5.  Condition  of  Industries  351 

6.  Status  of  Industry  351 

7.  “Business  as  Usual”  352 

8.  Controlled  Industries  352 

9.  New  Industries  352 

10.  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Industries  352 

11.  Fletcher  Report  353 

Industrial  Surveys  353 

“Calder  Resolution”  Correspondence  353 

Reconstruction  Program  353 

Office  Memoranda  354 

Unit  Files  354 

Allied  Purchasing  Commission  354 

Acids  and  Heavy  Chemicals  Section  355 

Alkali  and  Chlorine  Section  355 

Artificial  Dyes  and  Intermediates  Section  356 

Automotive  Products  Section  356 

Brass  Section  356 

Building  Materials  Division  357 

Chain  Section  357 

Chemicals  Division  357 

Chemical  Glass  and  Stoneware  Section  358 

Clearance  Committee  358 

Coal-Gas  Products  Section  358 

Cotton  and  Cotton  Linters  Section  358 

Cotton  Goods  Section  358 

Crane  Section  359 

Creosote  Section  359 


XXXll 


CONTENTS 


Electrical  and  Power  Equipment  Section  359 

Electric  Wire  and  Cable  Section  360 

Electrodes  and  Abrasives  Section  360 

Emergency  Construction  Committee  360 

Ethyl  Alcohol  Section  360 

Explosives  Section  360 

Felt  Section  361 

Hatters’  Felt  Department  361 

Paper  Makers’  Felt  Department  361 

Ferro-alloys  Section  361 

Fine  Chemicals  Section  362 

Finished  Products  Division  362 

Fire  Prevention  Section  362 

Flax  Products  Section  362 

General  Munitions  Board  362 

Hardware  and  Hand  Tool  Section  363 

Hide,  Leather,  and  Leather  Goods  Division  363 

Belting  Section  363 

Boot  and  Shoe  Section  363 

Glove  and  Leather  Clothing  Section  363 

Harness  and  Personal  Equipment  Section  364 

Hides  and  Skins  Section  364 

Sole  and  Belting  Leather  Section  364 

Sole  Leather  Section  364 

Upper  Leather  Section  364 

Industrial  Inventory  Section  364 

Industrial  Gases  and  Gas  Products  Section  364 

Inland  Traffic  Section  365 

Joint  Office  on  Chemical  Statistics  365 

Joint  Office  on  Leather  Statistics  365 

Jute,  Hemp,  and  Cordage  Section  365 

Knit  Goods  Section  365 

Legal  Section  366 

Lumber  Division  366 

Lumber  Committee  366 

Lumber  Section  366 

Machine  Tool  Section  366 

Medical  Industry  Section  367 

Mica  Section  367 

Military  Optical  Glass  and  Instrument  Section  367 


CONTENTS  xxxiii 

Miscellaneous  Section  368 

Munitions  Standards  Board  368 

Nitrate  Section  368 

Non-ferrous  Metals  Section  368 

Ordnance,  Anns,  and  Ammunition  Section  368 

Paint  and  Pigment  Section  368 

Platinum,  Gold,  and  Silver  Section  369 

Power  Section  369 

Price-Fixing  Committee  369 

Priorities  Division  370 

Priorities  Board  370 

Priorities  Committee  370 

Production  Committee  370 

Pulp  and  Paper  Division  370 

Manufactui’ing  Section  371 

Newspaper  Section  371 

Paper  Economy  Section  371 

Periodical  Section  371 

Fiber  Board  and  Container  Section  371 

Railway  Equipment  and  Supplies  Section  371 

Raw  Materials  Division  371 

Refractories  Section  371 

Requix’ements  Division  372 

Special  Requirements  Committee  372 

Resources  and  Conversion  Section  372 

Rubber  and  Rubber  Goods  Section  372 

Silk  Section  372 

Statistics  Division  373 

Steel  Division  373 

Iron  and  Steel  Scrap  Section  373 

Pig  Iron  Section  374 

Warehouse  Distribution  Section  374 

Sulphur  and  Pyrites  Section  374 

Tanning  Materials  and  Vegetable  Dye  Section  374 

Technical  and  Consulting  Section  374 

Textile  and  Rubber  Division  375 

Tin  Section  375 

Tobacco  Section  375 

Vehicle,  Implement,  and  Wood  Products  Section  375 

Wood  Chemicals  Section  376 


XXXIV 


CONTENTS 


Wool  Division  376 

Domestic  Wool  Section  376 

Noils  and  Waste  Section  376 

Woolens  Section  376 

WAR  TRADE  BOARD 

Evolution  and  dissolution  377 

Functions  379 

Organization  381 

Contraband  Committee  381 

Administrative  Agencies  381 

Bureau  of  Administration  381 

Division  of  Information  381 

Bureau  of  Branches  and  Customs  382 

Agencies  of  Investigation  382 

Bureau  of  Research  and  Statistics  382 

Bureau  of  War  Trade  Intelligence  383 

Bureau  of  Foreign  Agents  383 

Agencies  of  Control  384 

Bureau  of  Exports  384 

Bureau  of  Imports  385 

Bureau  of  Transportation  385 

Bureau  of  Enemy  Trade  386 

Publications  386 

Records  390 

The  Board  391 

Contraband  Committee  392 

Bureau  of  Administration  392 

Division  of  Information  392 

Bureau  of  Branches  and  Customs  393 

Bureau  of  Research  and  Statistics  393 

Bureau  of  War  Trade  Intelligence  394 

Bureau  of  Foreign  Agents  395 

Bureau  of  Exports  395 

Bureau  of  Imports  396 

Bureau  of  Transportation  397 

Bureau  of  Enemy  Trade  397 

UNITED  STATES  FOOD  ADMINISTRATION 

Organization  and  functions  398 

Publications  399 


CONTENTS  XXXV 

Records  402 

Statistical  bulletins  402 

License  regulations  405 

Licensees  and  reports  from  licensees  406 

Press  releases  406 

National  406 

State  •  407 

Press  clippings  407 

Correspondence  407 

Master  file  of  letters  407 

Food  Administrator’s  file  407 

Di\dsion  or  Commodity  files  408 

Digest  of  outgoing  mail  and  summaries  408 

State  files  409 

UNITED  STATES  FUEL  ADMINISTRATION 

Organization  and  functions  411 

Administrative  Division  412 

Distribution  Division  412 

Oil  Division  412 

Local  fuel  administrations  413 

Publications  413 

Records  415 

UNITED  STATES  RAILROAD  ADMINISTRATION 

Organization  419 

Publications  420 

WAR  FINANCE  CORPORATION 

Functions  423 

Publications  423 

CAPITAL  ISSUES  COMMITTEE 

Functions  425 

Publications  425 

ALIEN  PROPERTY  CUSTODIAN 

Functions  427 

Publications  427 

COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLIC  INFORMATION 

Functions  429 

Organization  429 


XXXVl 


CONTENTS 


Domestic  Section  4^29 

Division  of  News  430 

Division  of  Official  Bulletin  430 

Division  of  Civic  and  Educational  Cooperation  430 

Division  of  Syndicate  Features  430 

Division  of  Production  and  Distribution  431 

Speaking  Division  •  431 

Division  of  Four  Minute  Men  431 

Film  Division  431 

Division  of  Pictorial  Publicity  431 

Division  of  Exhibits  at  State  Fairs  431 

Division  of  Advertising  432 

Service  Bureau  432 

Division  of  Women’s  War  Work  432 

Division  of  Work  with  the  Foreign  Born  432 

Foreign  Section  432 

Publications  432 

General  432 

Official  Bulletin  433 

War  Information  Series  433 

Red,  White,  and  Blue  Series  434 

Loyalty  Leaflets  435 

Miscellaneous  435 

Records  436 

Advertising  436 

Business  Management  436 

Civic  and  Educational  Cooperation  436 

Educational  Work  436 

Films  and  photographs  436 

Foreign  newspapers  43T 

Foreign  organization  of  committees’  activities  437 

Four  Minute  Men  437 

Government  dii’ectory  437 

News  for  the  foreign  press  437 

News  releases  437 

Official  U.S.  Bulletin  437 

Speaking  campaign  437 

War  exhibits  437 

Women’s  war  work  438 

Work  with  the  foreign  born  438 

Lists  438 


CONTENTS 


XXXVll 


THE  STATES 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


Introduction 

439 

Alabama 

439 

Records 

439 

Publications 

440 

Arizona 

440 

Publications 

440 

Arkansas 

441 

Records 

441 

Publications 

441 

California 

441 

Records 

441 

Publications 

442 

Colorado 

443 

Records 

443 

Publications 

444 

Connecticut 

444 

Records 

444 

Publications 

445 

Delaware 

446 

Florida 

446 

Records 

446 

Georgia 

447 

Idaho 

447 

Illinois 

447 

Records 

447 

Publications 

449 

Indiana 

450 

Records 

450 

Publications 

451 

Iowa 

452 

Records 

452 

Publications 

452 

Kansas 

453 

Records 

453 

Publications 

454 

Kentucky 

455 

Records 

455 

Publications 

455 

xxxvm 


CONTENTS 


Louisiana 

455 

Records 

455 

Publications 

456 

Maine 

456 

Records 

456 

Publications 

456 

Maryland 

456 

Records 

456 

Publications 

457 

Massachusetts 

458 

Records 

458 

Publications 

458 

Michigan 

460 

Records 

460 

Pubbcations 

460 

Minnesota 

461 

Records 

461 

Pubbcations 

462 

Mississippi 

462 

Missouri 

463 

Records 

463 

Pubbcations 

463 

Montana 

464 

Nebraska 

464 

Records 

464 

Pubbcations 

464 

Nevada 

464 

Records 

464 

Pubbcations 

464 

New  Hampshire 

465 

Records 

465 

Pubbcations 

465 

New  Jersey 

465 

Records 

465 

New  Mexico 

466 

Records 

466 

Pubbcations 

466 

New  York 

466 

Records 

466 

Pubbcations 

467 

CONTENTS 

xxxix 

North  Carolina 

469 

Records 

469 

Publications 

470 

North  Dakota 

470 

Records 

470 

Publications 

471 

Ohio 

471 

Records 

471 

Publications 

472 

Oklahoma 

472 

Oregon 

472 

Pennsylvania 

473 

Records 

473 

Publications 

474 

Rhode  Island 

475 

Records 

475 

Publications 

475 

South  Carolina 

475 

Publications 

475 

South  Dakota 

476 

Tennessee 

476 

Records 

476 

Texas 

476 

Records 

476 

Utah 

477 

Records 

477 

Publications 

477 

Vermont 

477 

Virginia 

478 

Records 

478 

Publications 

480 

Washington 

480 

Records 

480 

Publications 

481 

West  Virginia 

481 

Publications 

481 

Wisconsin 

481 

Records 

481 

Publications 

482 

Wyoming 

483 

Records 

483 

Publications 

484 

S’DEX 

485 

INTRODUCTION 


The  military  participation  of  the  United  States  in  the  World  War 
was  made  possible  only  by  a  complete  mobilization  of  the  economic 
and  social  forces  of  the  entire  nation,  a  mobilization  on  so  vast  a 
scale  as  to  require  a  thorough  readjustment  of  the  machinery  of 
normal  existence. 

For  two  years,  1917  and  1918,  all  the  energies  of  the  country 
were  directed  to  effecting  this  readjustment,  while  for  the  two  suc¬ 
ceeding  years  they  were  directed  to  the  restoration,  so  far  as  that 
was  possible,  of  the  normal  conditions  of  life.  During  these  four 
years  the  life  of  the  individual  American  was  profoundly  affected 
by  the  necessity  of  considering,  under  unaccustomed  conditions, 
such  elementary  problems  as  those  of  food  and  clothing,  shelter, 
light  and  heat,  and  transportation.  War,  the  most  wasteful  of  all 
processes,  the  outcome  of  political  ineptitude  and  failure,  demanded 
for  its  conduct  the  most  rigorous  economies  and  the  utmost  attain¬ 
able  efficiency. 

The  social  and  economic  history  of  the  war  years  and  of  those 
immediately  succeeding  them  is  chiefly  the  history  of  the  processes 
of  mobilization  and  demobilization  and  of  the  effects  of  these  proc¬ 
esses  upon  human  conduct  and  relationships.  To  write  this  history 
will  be  the  task  of  more  than  one  generation  of  historians ;  its  sources 
are  of  the  utmost  variety  and  of  such  appalling  physical  bulk  that 
their  mastery  in  the  near  future  is  hardly  to  be  looked  for.  Foremost 
among  these  sources  are  the  publications  and  records  of  the  na¬ 
tional  government,  to  the  description  of  which  the  present  volume 
is  devoted. 

Although  the  national  government  directed  the  processes  of  mo¬ 
bilization  it  was  itself  affected  by  them  in  many  important  ways. 
The  executive  departments  and  the  independent  boards  and  com¬ 
missions  which  constitute  the  permanent  establishment  assumed 
many  new  functions  and  underwent  numerous  and  in  some  cases 
fundamental  reorganizations.  By  the  side  of  the  permanent  estab¬ 
lishment  there  was  progressively  organized  an  emergency  establish¬ 
ment  composed  of  such  units  as  the  Council  of  National  Defense, 
the  War  Trade  Board,  the  War  Industries  Board,  the  Food,  Fuel, 


xlii 


INTRODUCTION 


and  Railroad  Administrations,  the  boards  and  committees  that  made 
up  the  War  Labor  Administration,  the  War  Finance  Corporation, 
the  Capital  Issues  Committee,  and  still  others.  It  is  not  unfair  to 
say  that  anything  like  a  definitive  form  of  war  government  was  not 
evolved  until  shortly  before  the  end  of  hostihties,  and  that  the  proc¬ 
ess  of  reorganization,  conducted  by  methods  of  trial  and  error,  oper¬ 
ated  continuously  throughout  the  period  of  the  war.  Such  a  process 
was  infinitely  complicated  and  to  trace  its  history  in  such  detail  that 
the  precise  form  assumed  by  the  national  government  at  any  given 
moment  may  be  stated,  is  not  a  simple  task,  nor  indeed  is  it  the  task 
of  the  present  volume.  Some  understanding,  however,  of  these  chang¬ 
ing  forms  and  functions  is  essential  to  the  intelligent  use  of  the  rec¬ 
ords,  both  published  and  manuscript,  which  the  government  pro¬ 
duced,  and  there  has  therefore  been  included  in  the  following  pages 
a  brief  account  of  the  organization  and  activities  of  each  govern¬ 
mental  unit,  to  serve  as  an  introduction  to  the  description  of  its 
publications  and  records. 

The  problem  of  the  national  government  during  the  emergency 
had  two  distinct  aspects:  on  the  one  hand,  the  urgent  needs  of  the 
countries  associated  with  the  United  States  in  carrying  on  the  war 
must  be  met  by  supplies  of  money,  food,  and  material,  while  at  the 
same  time  the  enemy  countries  must  be  shut  olf  from  all  supplies ; 
on  the  other  hand,  a  military  force  must  be  raised  and  equipped, 
transported  to  the  area  of  hostilities,  supplied  and  reinforced  while 
in  that  area,  and  finally  returned  to  the  United  States  and  dis¬ 
persed.  The  first  step  in  the  solution  of  this  problem  was  to  ascer¬ 
tain  the  requirements  of  the  situation ;  the  second  was  to  learn  what 
resources  existed  for  meeting  those  requirements;  the  third  was  to 
devise  means  of  augmenting  those  resources  to  the  point  of  ade¬ 
quacy,  either  by  their  actual  increase  or  by  more  economical  and 
efficient  methods  of  utilization. 

The  problem  and  the  method  of  its  attack  have  been  thus  stated 
in  the  most  general  terms  in  order  to  furnish  if  possible  a  key  to  the 
significance  of  the  material  described  in  the  succeeding  sections  of 
this  volume.  The  Draft  records,  for  example,  constitute  the  survey 
of  the  man  power  of  the  country ;  the  records  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture  contain  almost  daily  censuses  of  agricultural  resources, 
while  those  of  the  Food  Administration  show  the  methods  of  so 


INTRODUCTION 


xliii 


utilizing  those  resources  as  to  make  them  meet,  as  nearly  as  possible, 
the  needs  of  the  situation.  In  the  records  of  the  War  Trade  Board 
we  see  how  the  stocks  of  essential  commodities  were  increased  by  im¬ 
ports,  or  conserved  by  prohibiting  their  exportation,  and  how  the 
channels  of  trade  w^ere  so  controlled  as  to  insure  a  flow  of  supplies 
to  the  allied  countries  while  shutting  it  off  from  those  under  enemy 
control.  The  records  of  the  War  Industries  Board  contain  the  sur¬ 
veys  that  were  continually  made  of  the  industrial  resources  of  the 
country,  and  show  how  the  government  endeavored  to  develop  and 
coordinate  manufacturing  facilities  in  order  to  increase  production 
and  to  prevent  waste.  The  records  of  the  Railroad  Administration, 
of  the  Shipping  Board,  and  of  the  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation 
reveal  the  efforts  of  the  government  to  provide  adequate  means  of 
transportation,  by  both  land  and  sea,  for  the  enormous  movement 
of  commodities  and  men ;  and  the  records  of  the  various  units  of  the 
War  Labor  Administration  and  of  the  Department  of  Labor  show 
how  the  necessary  man  power  was  procured  and  maintained. 

Certain  categories  of  records  common  to  many  of  the  govern¬ 
mental  units  may  be  rapidl}’^  noted.  In  point  of  view  of  physical 
bulk  the  correspondence  files  occupy  the  first  place,  but  they  are 
largely  of  administrative  character,  and,  fortunately  for  the  in¬ 
vestigator,  are  not  of  prime  importance.  Exceptions  exist,  of  course, 
as  in  the  case  of  the  Department  of  State,  where  the  records  are 
chiefly  in  the  form  of  correspondence  with  the  diplomatic  and  consu¬ 
lar  agents  of  the  United  States  abroad,  or  with  foreign  governments 
and  their  representatives,  or  with  American  citizens  who  protested 
against  the  regulations  and  practice  of  other  countries  in  such  mat¬ 
ters  as  the  enforcement  of  the  commercial  blockade.  Of  more  than 
administrative  interest  is  the  correspondence  also  of  those  branches 
of  the  government  that  came  in  closest  contact  with  the  individual 
citizen,  particularly  of  such  units  as  the  Food  Administration  and 
the  Council  of  National  Defense.  For  the  future  historian,  however, 
perhaps  the  most  valuable  category  of  material  includes  the  great 
mass  of  statistical  information  that  was  assiduously  gathered  in 
manj’^  offices  of  the  government.  These  compilations  bear  upon  all 
phases  of  economic  life  and  activity;  they  show  the  stocks  of  com¬ 
modities  on  hand  at  different  periods,  the  varying  rate  of  produc¬ 
tion,  the  movement  of  raw  materials,  the  supply  of  labor,  the  state 


xliv 


INTRODUCTION 


of  the  crops,  the  movement  of  money,  and  many  other  important 
states  and  processes.  Similar  to  these  are  the  records  of  the  numer¬ 
ous  investigations  conducted  by  different  bureaus  into  such  matters 
as  costs  of  production,  prices,  wages,  conditions  of  living,  etc.  Of  less 
direct  interest  for  the  purposes  of  the  present  survey  are  the  techni¬ 
cal  studies  made  by  the  Forestry  Service,  the  Bureau  of  Standards, 
the  Department  of  Agriculture,  and  other  scientific  branches  of  the 
government  for  such  purposes  as  devising  and  promoting  economi¬ 
cal  methods  of  production  and  consumption,  testing  the  suitability 
of  materials,  developing  new  sources  of  supply,  and  encouraging 
the  use  of  substitutes  for  the  commodities  most  urgently  needed  for 
war  purposes.  Finally,  mention  should  be  made  of  the  “histories” 
that  were  prepared  by  many  offices  of  their  oaati  activities  during  the 
period  of  the  war.  These  histories  are  sometimes  very  comprehen¬ 
sive  (that  prepared  by  the  Construction  Division  of  the  Army  fills 
more  than  five  hundred  manuscript  volumes),  and  contain  in  con¬ 
venient  form  much  information  of  value. 

The  best  approach  to  the  manuscript  records  of  the  government 
is  through  its  publications.  A  surprising  amount  of  material  has 
been  made  public,  in  annual  and  special  reports,  and  in  various 
other  ways.  Fundamental  sources,  such  as  executive  orders,  deci¬ 
sions  of  boards  and  commissions,  etc.,  were  published  currently.  The 
final  reports  of  certain  of  the  emergency  units,  such  as  the  War 
Trade  Board,  the  War  Industries  Board,  and  the  Fuel  Administra¬ 
tion,  contain  a  lax-ge  amount  of  documentai’y  and  statistical  mate¬ 
rial  ;  the  annual  reports  of  the  Departments  of  Agriculture,  Labor, 
and  Commei’ce,  and  of  other  branches  of  the  permanent  establish¬ 
ment  contain  much  material  of  first  impoi’tance,  and  the  bulletins 
of  such  units  as  the  Federal  Reserve  Board  and  the  Bureau  of  La¬ 
bor  Statistics  are  indispensable.  In  addition  to  printed  material 
the  govei’nment  put  foi’th  much  statistical  information  in  mimeo¬ 
graphed  form,  particularly  in  cases  whei’e  it  was  impoi*tant  that  the 
information  should  be  made  public  without  delay.  The  daily  market 
reports  of  the  Department  of  Agi’iculture,  for  example,  were  pub¬ 
lished  in  this  fashion. 

The  records  of  the  economic  mobilization  are  widely  scattered. 
The  records  of  emergency  branches  wei’e,  upon  the  dissolution  of 
those  branches,  transferred  to  various  offices  of  the  permanent  es- 


INTRODUCTION 


xlv 


tablishment.  Thus  the  records  of  the  War  Industries  Board  and  of 
the  Council  of  National  Defense  are  in  the  custody  of  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  War,  those  of  the  Fuel  Administration  are  with  the  Bureau 
of  Mines,  and  the  records  of  the  War  Trade  Board  have  been  trans¬ 
ferred  to  the  Department  of  State.  So  far  as  their  physical  preser¬ 
vation  is  concerned  the  records  to  which  this  volume  is  devoted  share 
the  same  fate  and  incur  the  same  grave  risks  as  the  great  mass  of 
the  nation’s  archives.  In  the  absence  of  an}’^  archival  establishment 
or  central  depository  they  are  stored  wherever  space  can  be  found 
for  them.  Some  of  the  most  valuable  are  in  semi-permanent  build¬ 
ings  which  were  erected  during  the  war  and  which  seem  destined  to 
continue  in  use  until  they  are  destroyed  by  fire  or  succumb  to  the  dis¬ 
integrating  influences  of  time. 

In  the  last  report  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense  the  director 
dealt  with  the  problem  of  housing  the  war  records  in  the  following 
words : 

The  necessity  for  the  provision  of  adequate  permanent  fireproof 
housing  of  the  files  and  records  now  in  the  custody  of  the  Council  of 
National  Defense  cannot  be  too  strongly  urged.  These  records  must 
not  be  considered  merely  an  interesting  chronology.  They  are  infinitely 
more.  They  are  the  records  concerning  the  most  complete  industrial 
and  national  readjustment  that  this  country  has  ever  known.  For  years 
to  come  and  perhaps  for  generations  these  records  will  be  searched  to 
learn  how  the  Nation  can  readjust  itself  to  meet  extreme  and  unusual 
crises.  Never  before  in  human  history  did  a  nation  go  through  an  in¬ 
dustrial  metamorphosis  like  that  described  in  these  records.  If  the  con¬ 
servation  of  human  experience  is  in  any  sense  one  of  the  sacred  trusts 
of  civilization,  it  is  exceedingly  important  that  Congress  should  make 
provision  for  the  permanent  preservation  of  these  records  and  the  keep¬ 
ing  of  the  same  intact  and  accessible. 

The  failure  to  heed  such  a  recommendation  does  not  reflect  credit 
upon  the  government  of  a  civilized  people. 

Bibliographical  Note 

The  best  treatment  of  the  reorganization  which  the  national  govern¬ 
ment  underwent  in  order  to  meet  the  new  demands  of  the  war  emergency 
is  the  exceedingly  clear  and  well-written  volume  by  William  F.  Wil¬ 
loughby,  Government  Organization  in  War  Time  and  After  (New  York, 


xlvi 


INTRODUCTION 


1917,  370  pages).  A  shorter  but  still  comprehensive  account  is  the 
article  by  Frederic  L.  Paxson,  on  “The  American  War  Government, 
1917-1918,”  in  the  American  Historical  Review  (vol.  XXVI,  pp.  54-76) . 
Two  general  manuals,  compiled  early  in  the  war,  contain  a  considerable 
body  of  information  about  the  various  branches  of  the  government  and 
their  activities,  as  well  as  about  non-governmental  organizations.  The 
first  of  these.  National  Service  Handbook,  was  published  by  the  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Public  Information  in  the  summer  of  1917  and  represents  the 
situation  as  it  existed  at  that  time ;  the  other  compilation  was  prepared 
by  the  Library  of  Congress  at  about  the  same  time  and  contains  a  cer¬ 
tain  amount  of  bibhographical  information:  The  United  States  at  War; 
Organization,  Literature. 

A  suggestive  and  valuable  though  summary  study  of  the  processes 
of  economic  mobilization  was  made  by  the  Historical  Branch  of  the 
General  Staff  and  printed  as  one  of  its  publications  and  also  as  an 
article  in  the  Historical  Outlook  for  January,  1919:  Economic  Mobili¬ 
zation  of  the  United  States  for  the  War  of  1917. 

Two  special  studies  may  be  mentioned:  War  Powers  of  the  Executive 
in  the  United  States,  by  Clarence  A.  Berdahl  (Urbana,  Ill.,  1921,  296 
pages,  published  in  University  of  Illinois  Studies  in  the  Social  Sciences, 
vol.  IX,  nos.  1  and  2),  and  the  second  part  of  Labor  Problems  and  La¬ 
bor  Administration  in  the  United  States  during  the  World  War,  de¬ 
voted  to  the  development  of  the  War  Labor  Administration,  by  Gordon 
S.  Watkins  (Urbana,  Ill.,  1919,  published  in  University  of  Illinois 
Studies  in  the  Social  Sciences,  vol.  VIII,  no.  4). 

There  are  two  official  catalogues  of  the  publications  of  all  branches 
of  the  national  government.  The  Monthly  Catalogue,  United  States  Pub¬ 
lic  Documents,  is  issued  every  month  by  the  Superintendent  of  Public 
Documents  and  includes  the  output  of  the  Government  Printing  Office 
during  the  month.  The  arrangement  is  alphabetical  by  names  of  the 
various  departments  and  offices.  For  most  of  the  war  period  the  monthly 
catalogue  must  still  be  used.  The  Catalogue  of  the  Public  Documents  of 
the  .  .  .  th  Congress  and  of  all  Departments  of  the  Government  from 
.  .  .to  .  .  . ,  common!}'  styled  the  Comprehensive  Index,  is  the 
most  convenient  and  complete  list  for  purposes  of  consultation,  but  the 
latest  volume  yet  issued  (1925)  covers  only  the  material  published  dur¬ 
ing  the  two  years  from  July  1,  1915,  to  June  30,  1917.  A  useful  manual 
dealing  with  the  printed  output  of  the  government  is  Guide  to  Govern¬ 
ment  Publications,  compiled  by  Walter  I.  Swanton  and  published  by 
the  Bureau  of  Education  as  Bulletin,  1918,  No.  2.  Several  of  the  de- 


INTRODUCTION 


xlvii 


partments  issue  from  time  to  time  check  lists  of  their  publications  which 
may  be  had  upon  request. 

Mention  should  also  be  made  of  certain  of  the  libraries  of  the 
executive  branch,  especially  those  of  the  Departments  of  Commerce  and 
Labor,  where  are  to  be  found  probably  as  good  collections  as  exist  of 
material  of  all  sorts  bearing  upon  the  work  of  the  respective  depart¬ 
ments.  Finally,  it  is  perhaps  unnecessary  to  remind  the  reader  of  the 
other  volumes  appearing  in  this  Series. 


■  (f 


INTRODUCTION  TO  AMERICAN  OFFICIAL 
SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

CONGRESS 

The  records  of  Congress  are  fundamental  sources  for  the  history 
of  the  war  period.  They  consist  of  the  records  of  debates  and  pro¬ 
ceedings  in  the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Representatives,  of  bills 
and  resolutions  introduced  into  Congress  and  of  the  legislation  ulti¬ 
mately  enacted,  of  the  records  of  investigations  by  committees  and 
of  the  committee  reports,  and  of  communications,  petitions,  reports, 
and  other  documents  received  by  Congress.  This  survey  covers  the 
records  of  the  Sixty-Fifth  and  Sixty-Sixth  Congresses,  the  sessions 
of  which  were  as  follows : 

Sixty-Fifth  Congress : 

Special  session  of  the  Senate,  March  5-16,  1917  ; 

First  session,  April  2-October  6,  1917 ; 

Second  session,  December  3,  1917-November  21,  1918; 

Third  session,  December  2,  1918-March  4,  1919. 

Sixty-Sixth  Congress : 

First  session.  May  19-November  19,  1919; 

Second  session,  December  1,  1919-June  5,  1920; 

Third  session,  December  6,  1920-March  4,  1921. 

While  most  of  the  war  and  reconstruction  measures  were  enacted 
by  these  two  Congresses,  several  acts  passed  by  earlier  Congresses 
had  an  important  bearing  upon  the  conduct  of  the  war.  Among 
these  were  the  acts  establishing  the  Federal  Reserve  Banks,  Decem¬ 
ber  23,  1913,  the  Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insurance,  September  2, 
1914,  the  Federal  Trade  Commission,  September  26,  1914,  the 
Council  of  National  Defense,  August  29,  1916,  and  the  United 
States  Shipping  Board,  September  7,  1916;  and  the  national  de¬ 
fense  act  of  June  3  of  the  same  year. 

The  records  of  Congress  are,  for  the  most  part,  printed,  and  cer¬ 
tain  of  them,  such  as  the  Record,  Journal,  Reports,  and  Documents 
are  Avidely  distributed  among  the  libraries  of  the  United  States. 
Other  records,  such  as  Bills  and  Resolutions  and  Hearings  are 
printed  only  for  the  use  of  Congress,  and  complete  sets  are  exceed¬ 
ingly  rare. 


2 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

Proceedings 

Congressional  Record:  Proceedings  and  Debates  of  the  .  .  .Congress 
of  the  United  States  of  America: 

(Permanent  bound  edition) 

Volume  55,  Sixty-Fifth  Congress,  first  session.  Parts  1-8 ; 

Volume  56,  Sixty-Fifth  Congress,  second  session.  Parts  1-12 ; 

Volume  57,  Sixty-Fifth  Congress,  third  session.  Parts  1-5  ; 

Volume  58,  Sixty-Sixth  Congress,  first  session.  Parts  1-9 ; 

Volume  59,  Sixty-Sixth  Congress,  second  session.  Parts  1-9 ; 

Volume  60,  Sixty-Sixth  Congress,  third  session.  Parts  1-5. 

These  forty-eight  bound  Parts  contain  46,726  pages  of  debates, 
exclusive  of  the  “Appendixes”  which  are  composed  of  the  remarks 
“extended”  to  the  Record,  i.e.,  speeches  which  are  not  delivered  in 
Congress  but  which  are  printed  by  consent.  The  debates  on  the  floor 
are  reported  stenographically,  but  as  printed  in  the  Record  they 
have  been  subjected  to  processes  of  revision  and  “correction”  which 
considerably  decrease  the  value  of  that  publication  as  a  verbatim 
report.  The  last  Part  of  each  volume  of  the  Record  contains,  in  addi¬ 
tion  to  the  Appendix  and  Index,  a  “History  of  Bills  and  Resolu¬ 
tions.”  This  is  a  list  in  numerical  order,  i.e.,  in  order  of  introduc¬ 
tion,  of  all  bills  and  of  all  joint,  concurrent,  and  simple  resolutions 
introduced  in  the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Representatives,  show¬ 
ing  by  whom  introduced  and  the  action  taken  on  each. 

Journal  of  the  Senate: 

Sixty-Fifth  Congress,  first  session,  1917,  458  pages  ; 

Sixty-Fifth  Congress,  second  session,  1919,  546  pages  ; 

Sixty-Fifth  Congress,  third  session,  1919,  280  pages  ; 

Sixty-Sixth  Congress,  first  session,  1919,  482  pages ; 

Sixty-Sixth  Congress,  second  session,  1920,  513  pages ; 

Sixty-Sixth  Congress,  third  session,  1921,  262  pages. 

Journal  of  the  House  of  Representatives : 

Sixty-Fifth  Congress,  first  session,  1917,  623  pages  ; 

Sixty-Fifth  Congress,  second  session,  1918,  856  pages ; 

Sixty-Fifth  Congress,  third  session,  1919,  443  pages  ; 

Sixty-Sixth  Congress,  first  session,  1919,  960  pages ; 

Sixty-Sixth  Congress,  second  session,  1920,  720  pages ; 

Sixty-Sixth  Congress,  third  session,  1920  [1921],  409  pages. 


CONGRESS 


3 


Bills  and  Resolutions 

Each  bill  or  resolution  introduced  in  Congress  receives  a  serial 
number  and  is  printed.  As  the  printing  is  only  for  the  convenience 
of  Congress  there  is  no  published  set  of  the  bills  and  resolutions. 
What  is  believed  to  be  the  only  complete  collection  of  this  exceed¬ 
ingly  valuable  source  is  that  which  has  been  brought  together  and 
bound  by  the  Library  of  Congress,  where  it  is  to  be  found  for  the 
Sixty-Fifth  and  Sixty-Sixth  Congresses  as  follows: 

Sixty-Fifth  Congress: 

Senate:  Bills,  nos.  1-5680,  16  volumes; 

Resolutions,  nos.  1-487,  1  volume; 

Joint  Resolutions,  nos.  1-230,  1  volume ; 

Concurrent  Resolutions,  nos.  1-32,  1  volume. 

House:  Bills,  nos.  1-16239,  44  volumes; 

Resolutions,  nos.  1-625,  1  volume ; 

Joint  Resolutions,  nos.  1-445,  1  volume; 

Concurrent  Resolutions,  nos.  1-74  (nos.  73,  74  missing),  1 
volume. 

Sixty-Sixth  Congress: 

Senate :  Bills,  nos.  1-5052,  17  volumes ; 

Resolutions,  nos.  1-475, 1  volume ; 

Joint  Resolutions,  nos.  1-264,  1  volume; 

Concurrent  Resolutions,  nos.  1-40,  1  volume. 

House:  Bills,  nos.  1-16170,  45  volumes; 

Resolutions,  nos.  1-712,  1  volume; 

Joint  Resolutions,  nos.  1-481,  1  volume; 

Concurrent  Resolutions,  nos.  1-78,  1  volume. 

A  complete  list  of  bills  and  resolutions  is  printed  in  the  “History 
of  Bills  and  Resolutions,”  which  is  included  in  the  last  Part  of  each 
volume  of  the  Congressional  Record,  noted  above. 

Laws 

The  laws  are  printed  as  they  are  enacted.  The  original  of  each 
law,  wdth  the  signature  of  the  President,  President  of  the  Senate, 
and  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  is  deposited  in  the 
Department  of  State.  Laws  are  first  printed  in  “slip  form,”  or 
separately,  and  are  listed  from  month  to  month  in  the  Monthly 
Catalogue  of  United  States  Public  Documents.  At  the  close  of  each 


4 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


session  they  are  published  in  collected  form  in  the  edition  known  as 
Session  Laws;  at  the  close  of  each  Congress  all  the  laws  of  that 
Congress  are  recompiled  and  published  as  Statutes  at  Large  as  fol¬ 
lows: 

Statutes  at  Large: 

Volume  40,  April,  1917-March,  1919  (Washington,  1919,  pp. 
cccxxxvii,  2335).  Part  1,  Public  acts  and  resolutions ;  Part  2,  Private 
acts  and  resolutions,  concurrent  resolutions,  treaties,  proclamations, 
amendments  to  the  Constitution. 

Volume  41,  May,  1919-March,  1921  (Washington,  1921,  pp. 
ccciii,  2142).  Parts  1  and  2  as  above. 

Numerous  compilations  of  laws  passed  by  the  Sixty-Fifth  and 
Sixty-Sixth  Congresses  relating  to  special  subjects,  such  as  food, 
liquor,  insurance,  naturalization,  finance,  interstate  and  foreign 
commerce,  etc.,  have  been  printed  for  Congress  or  for  various  execu¬ 
tive  branches.  The  more  useful  of  these  are  noted  below  in  their 
appropriate  places. 

Several  lists  of  laws  and  guides  to  legislation  have  been  published, 
the  more  important  of  which  are  the  following: 

Monthly  Compendium,  edited  by  W.  Ray  Loomis: 

Sixty-Fifth  Congress,  complete  (no.  15,  April  1,  1919)  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1919,  241  pages).  Includes  measures  of  Sixty-Fourth  Congress 
bearing  on  the  war. 

Sixty-Sixth  Congress,  complete  (no.  16,  March,  1921)  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1921,  360  pages). 

First  Session  of  the  War  Congress,  by  Charles  Merz  (Committee  on 
Public  Information,  “War  Information  Series,”  no.  10,  Washington, 
1917,  48  pages).  A  summary  of  every  public  measure  enacted  into  law 
during  the  first  session  of  the  Sixty-Fifth  Congress. 

Summary  of  the  War  Legislation  of  the  Sixty-Fifth  Congress,  com¬ 
piled  by  Leo  F.  Stock  (in  Historical  Outlook,  volume  X,  pp.  401-419, 
Philadelphia,  October,  1919). 


Reports 

Reports  of  Senate  and  House  committees  are  printed  and  are 
numbered  serially  for  each  chamber  and  each  Congress.  At  the  end 
of  each  session  the  reports  of  that  session  are  bound  together  in  two 


CONGRESS 


5 


or  more  volumes,  of  which  those  containing  reports  on  public  legis¬ 
lation  are  numbered  while  those  containing  reports  on  private  legis¬ 
lation  are  lettered,  “A,”  “B,”  etc.  Reports  are  usually  brief  except 
those  prepared  by  investigating  committees  which  are  sometimes  of 
great  length.  They  are  listed  as  printed  in  the  Monthly  Catalogue, 
and  are  included  in  both  the  Document  Index,  printed  at  the  close 
of  each  session,  and  in  the  Comprehensive  Index,  published  at  the 
close  of  each  Congress.  The  most  convenient  list  for  use  and  refer¬ 
ence  is  that  in  the  Document  Index. 

Documents 

What  are  kno^m  as  “Senate  Documents”  and  “House  Docu¬ 
ments”  are  exceedingly  miscellaneous  in  character.  They  include 
reports  made  to  Congress  by  the  executive  departments,  commis¬ 
sions,  bureaus,  etc.,  records  of  some  of  the  more  important  investi¬ 
gations  by  Congressional  committees,  reports  on  special  subjects, 
unofficial  publications  ordered  to  be  reprinted  as  “Documents”  upon 
vote  by  Congress,  etc.  Most  of  the  “Documents”  are  also  issued  as 
publications  of  other  branches  of  the  government  and  will  be  de¬ 
scribed  in  their  appropriate  connections.  The  “Documents”  are 
listed  as  they  are  printed  in  the  Monthly  Catalogue,  are  listed  a 
second  time,  classified  according  to  subject  and  author  and  also  in 
numerical  order,  in  the  sessional  Document  Index,  and  are  listed  a 
third  time,  classified  under  subject  and  author,  in  the  Comprehen¬ 
sive  Index. 

Hearings 

The  records  of  hearings  held  by  committees  of  Congress  as  a  part 
of  the  process  of  considering  proposed  legislation  or  of  conducting 
investigations,  constitute  one  of  the  most  valuable  categories  of 
Congressional  material.  They  consist  of  queries,  replies,  and  state¬ 
ments,  together  with  material  offered  as  exhibits.  This  latter  in¬ 
cludes  correspondence,  maps,  charts,  diagrams,  photographs,  tables 
of  statistics,  and  other  documents  which  are  often  historical  sources 
of  great  value.  As  practically  all,  and  especially  the  economic,  phases 
of  the  war  have  been  the  subject  of  legislation  or  the  object  of  in¬ 
vestigation  the  scope  of  the  hearings  is  all-inclusive  and  the  physi¬ 
cal  bulk  of  their  printed  reports  is  very  great.  Witnesses  from  every 


6 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


part  of  the  country,  intimately  connected  with  every  kind  of  war 
activity,  were  heard  by  the  various  committees,  and  their  state¬ 
ments,  together  with  the  exhibits  submitted  by  them,  constitute  a 
composite  record  unique  in  its  character  and  value.  The  necessity  of 
testing  such  a  record,  however,  and  of  using  it  with  caution,  is  obvi¬ 
ous.  Many  witnesses  were  propagandists,  striving  to  make  certain 
views  prevail;  others  represented  special  interests  or  had  political 
or  other  bias ;  most  were  obliged,  by  the  method  of  query  and  answer 
to  rely  at  times  upon  memory  or  upon  inadequate  information ;  and 
the  queries  put  by  members  of  the  committees  were  frequently 
marked  by  a  tendenz.  In  spite  of  these  limitations,  however,  the 
hearings  contain  a  mass  of  information  and  opinion  submitted  by 
men  of  business,  by  manufacturers,  by  bankers,  by  educators,  by 
economists,  by  representatives  of  labor  and  agriculture,  by  railroad 
men,  by  shippers,  and  by  experts  in  nearly  every  line  of  activity 
connected  with  carrying  on  the  war,  which  should  have  the  greatest 
value  for  the  investigator. 

The  reports  of  hearings  are  printed  for  the  use  of  the  several 
committees  but  they  are  not  distributed  in  any  systematic  fashion. 
The  most  complete  sets  of  them  to  be  found  are  those  in  the  library 
of  the  Superintendent  of  Documents  and  the  library  of  the  Senate. 
The  set  in  the  Library  of  Congress  is  reasonably  complete  for  the 
period  1917-1921  but  the  different  reports  are  dispersed  among  the 
library’s  collections  in  accordance  with  its  scheme  of  classification 
by  subject.  Those  in  the  library  of  the  Senate  are  listed  in  Cata¬ 
logue  of  the  Library  of  the  United  States  Senate  (Washington, 
1920,  pp.  452-605).  The  Monthly  Catalogue  lists  the  reports  of 
hearings  as  they  are  printed ;  they  are  also  included  in  the  Compre¬ 
hensive  Index. 

The  most  informing  list  of  the  hearings  held  by  the  committees 
of  the  Sixty-Fifth  and  Sixty-Sixth  Congresses  is  one  compiled  from 
the  set  in  the  library  of  the  Senate  by  Dr.  Newton  D.  Mereness  for 
the  National  Association  of  State  War  History  Organizations,  a 
manuscript  copy  of  which  has  been  deposited  with  the  Division  of 
Documents  of  the  Library  of  Congress.  The  following  list,  com¬ 
posed  of  the  more  important  and  representative  hearings  relating 
to  the  economic  and  social  aspects  of  the  war,  is  made  up  of  abridged 
items  selected  from  the  list  compiled  by  Dr.  Mereness. 


CONGRESS 


7 


Hearings  before  Committees  of  Congress 

SENATE 

Committee  on  Agriculture  and  Forestry 

April  23-May  10,  1917.  “Hearing  .  .  .  relative  to  proposals  for 
increasing  the  production,  improving  the  distribution,  and  promoting 
the  conservation  of  food  supplies  in  the  United  States.”  (570  pages.) 
Contents  include  discussion  of  problem  of  farm  labor,  shortage  of  food 
products,  wages,  and  prices  in  Philadelphia,  statements  respecting  food 
situation  from  agricultural  colleges  and  commissions. 

June  19,  1917.  “Hearing  relative  to  S.  2463  entitled,  ‘A  bill  to  pro¬ 
vide  further  for  the  national  security  and  defense  by  encouraging  the 
production,  conserving  the  supply  and  controlling  the  distribution  of 
food  products  and  fuel.’  ”  (60  pages.)  Herbert  Hoover  discussed  pro¬ 
posed  measures  of  food  control. 

February  14-March  30,  1918.  “Hearing  .  .  .  relative  to  increasing 
the  production  of  grain  and  meat  supplies  of  the  United  States.”  (634 
pages.)  Discussion  of  live-stock  and  wheat  situations  chiefly  in  the 
Middle  West. 

June  13-September  5, 1918.  “Hearing  .  .  .  on  a  House  amendment  to 
the  food-production  bill  of  1919  (H.R.  11945)  .  .  .”  (357  pages.) 
Arguments  for  and  against  war-time  prohibition,  cost  of  producing 
wheat  and  beef  cattle. 

September  17-29,  1918.  “Hearing  before  the  subcommittee  ...  on 
S.Res.  221  in  favor  of  government  control  ...  of  packing  houses  and 
packing  plants  during  the  continuance  of  the  war.”  (204  pages.) 

January  13-February  13,  1919.  “Hearings  .  .  .  on  S.  5305,  a  bill 
to  stimulate  the  production,  sale,  and  distribution  of  live  stock  and 
live-stock  products.”  (2  volumes,  2108  pages.)  Proposed  government 
control  of  the  meat-packing  industry.  Witnesses:  representatives  of 
packers,  stockyards.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Federal  Trade  Com¬ 
mission,  etc. 

August  18,  1919-January  9,  1920.  “Hearings  .  .  .  on  S.  2199  and 
2202,  bills  to  stimulate  the  production,  sale  and  distribution  of  live 
stock  and  live-stock  products.”  (1983  pages.) 

October  3, 18,  20,  21, 1919.  “Hearings  before  the  subcommittee  .  .  . 
pursuant  to  S.Res.  197,  directing  the  committee  to  investigate  the 
shortage  and  prices  of  sugar.”  (164  pages.) 

February  16-18,  1920.  “Hearing  .  .  .  on  S.  3844,  a  bill  to  provide 
for  discontinuing  the  purchase  and  sale  of  grain  by  the  government.” 
(134  pages.) 


8 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Committee  on  Banking  and  Currency 
June  11-27,  1918.  “Hearings  ...  on  S.  3928,  a  bill  to  amend  the 
Federal  Reserve  Act.”  (367  pages.)  Depreciation  of  the  American  dol¬ 
lar  in  all  neutral  countries ;  statements  by  bankers,  economists,  financial 
editors,  etc. 

March  3,  1920.  “Hearing  .  .  .  on  S.  3942,  a  bill  to  encourage  the 
development  of  the  agricultural  resources  of  the  United  States  through 
federal  and  state  cooperation,  giving  preference  in  the  matter  of  em¬ 
ployment  and  the  establishment  of  rural  homes  to  those  who  have  served 
with  the  military  and  naval  forces.”  (30  pages.)  Development  of  semi- 
arid  lands. 


Committee  on  Commerce 

July  23-August  13,  1917.  “Hearings  before  the  subcommittee  .  .  . 
on  H.R.  4960,  a  bill  to  define,  regulate  and  punish  trading  with  the 
enemy.”  (236  pages.) 

December  21,  1917-April  5,  1918.  “Hearings  ...  on  S.Res.  170, 
directing  the  committee  to  investigate  all  matters  connected  with  the 
building  of  merchant  vessels  under  the  direction  of  the  United  States 
Shipping  Board  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation.”  (2515  pages.)  Or¬ 
ganization,  operations,  and  problems  of  the  Shipping  Board.  E.g.,  Part 
8,  containing  testimony  of  Matthew  C.  Brush,  president  of  the  Ameri¬ 
can  International  Shipbuilding  Corporation,  includes  a  large  number 
of  photographs  of  Hog  Island,  charts  showing  places  in  United  States 
from  which  materials  were  shipped  to  Hog  Island,  charts  showing  routes 
of  steel  from  mills  to  fabricators,  and  fabricators  to  Hog  Island,  etc. 

June  10, 1919-March  13,  1920.  “Hearings  .  .  .  relative  to  the  estab¬ 
lishment  of  an  American  Merchant  Marine.”  (2089  pages.) 

October  10,  11,  21,  1919.  “Hearings  before  the  subcommittee  .  .  . 
on  S.  3170,  a  bill  to  provide  for  the  establishment,  operation,  and  main¬ 
tenance  of  foreign  trade  zones  in  ports  of  entry  of  the  United  States, 
to  expedite  and  encourage  foreign  commerce,  etc.”  (129  pages.) 

Committee  on  Education  and  Labor 

January  3-24,  1919.  “Hearings  .  .  .  pursuant  to  S.Res.  382,  di¬ 
recting  the  committee  to  recommend  to  the  Senate  methods  of  promoting 
better  social  and  industrial  conditions.”  (224  pages.)  Establishment  of 
national  tribunal  to  adjust  labor  difficulties,  development  of  United 
States  Employment  Service,  regularization  of  employment,  promotion 
of  better  living  conditions. 


CONGRESS 


9 


January  21  and  February  20,  1919.  “Hearing  before  a  subcommittee 
...  on  H.R.  152,  a  bill  to  fix  the  compensation  of  certain  employees.” 
(129  pages.)  Wages  and  cost  of  living  of  federal  employees,  with  tables 
showing  prices  of  food  and  salaries. 

January  29,  1919.  “Hearing  .  .  .  on  S.  5397,  a  bill  to  provide  for 
the  commencement  or  prosecution  of  public  works  in  order  to  provide 
increased  opportunities  for  employment  during  the  period  of  demobiliza¬ 
tion  and  industrial  readjustments.”  (98  pages.)  Unemployment,  stimu¬ 
lation  of  construction  activities. 

September  11,  1919.  “Hearing  .  .  .  on  S.  17,  a  bill  to  promote  the 
education  of  native  illiterates,  of  persons  unable  to  understand  and  use 
the  English  language,  and  of  other  resident  persons  of  foreign  birth; 
to  provide  for  cooperation  with  the  States  in  the  education  of  such 
persons  in  the  English  language,  the  fundamental  principles  of  govern¬ 
ment  and  citizenship,  etc.”  (74  pages.) 


Committee  on  Finance 

May  11-15,  1917.  “Hearings  and  briefs  ...  on  H.R.  4280,  an  act 
to  defray  war  expenses.”  (665  pages.)  Taxes  on  incomes,  excess  profits, 
beverages,  cigars  and  tobacco,  public  utilities,  advertising,  insurance, 
manufactures,  admissions,  dues. 

September  6-December  5,  1918.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.R.  12863,  to 
provide  revenue  for  war  purposes.”  (795  pages.)  Taxes  on  incomes, 
beverages,  cigars,  tobacco,  admissions  and  dues,  excise  taxes  and  spe¬ 
cial  taxes ;  statements  by  representatives  of  trade  organizations  and 
business  associations. 

December  8,  1919-January  12,  1920.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.R.  8078, 
a  bill  to  regulate  the  importation  of  coal-tar  products  and  to  promote 
the  establishment  of  the  manufacture  thereof  in  the  United  States,  etc.” 
(627  pages.)  The  dyestuff  industry,  statistical  tables,  correspondence. 

January  6-13,  1921.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.R.  15275,  imposing  tem¬ 
porary  duties  upon  certain  agricultural  products  to  meet  present  emer¬ 
gencies,  to  provide  revenue,  and  for  other  purposes.”  (290  pages.) 
Emergency  tariff. 


Committee  on  Immigration 

January  3-26,  1921.  “Hearing  ...  on  H.R.  14461,  a  bill  to  pro¬ 
vide  for  the  protection  of  the  citizens  of  the  United  States  by  the  tempo¬ 
rary  suspension  of  immigration.”  (13  parts,  713  pages.) 


10  OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

Committee  on  Interstate  Commerce 

January  2-18,  1917.  “Hearings  ...  on  the  tentative  bill  to  amend 
the  act  providing  for  mediation,  conciliation,  and  arbitration  in  contro¬ 
versies  between  certain  employers  and  their  employees,  and  the  tentative 
bill  to  authorize  the  President  in  certain  emergencies  to  take  possession 
of  railroad,  telephone,  and  telegraph  lines.”  (329  pages.)  Railway  dis¬ 
putes,  and  the  impending  strike  of  railway  employees. 

May  3,  10,  1917.  “Hearings  before  the  subcommittee  .  .  .  on  S. 
1854,  a  bill  to  save  daylight  and  to  provide  standard  time.”  (66  pages.) 

June  22- July  3,  1917.  “Hearings  .  .  .  on  S.  2354  and  S.Res.  77  to 
provide  further  for  the  national  security  and  defense  by  regulating  the 
production,  sale  and  distribution  of  coal.”  (398  pages.)  Coal  prices, 
wages,  cost  of  producing  coal,  car  shortage. 

September  21,  1917.  “Hearing  .  .  .  on  S.  2756,  a  bill  to  provide 
further  for  the  national  security  and  defense  by  regulating  the  produc¬ 
tion,  sale,  and  distribution  of  iron  ore,  iron,  steel,  and  other  com¬ 
modities.”  (70  pages.) 

December  29,  1917-January  25,  1918.  “Hearing  .  .  .  pursuant  to 
S.  Res.  171  authorizing  the  committee  to  inquire  into  and  report  upon 
the  recommendations  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  commission  regarding 
conditions  affecting  interstate  transportation.”  (1338  pages.)  Gov¬ 
ernmental  control  and  operation  of  railroads.  Witnesses :  railroad  execu¬ 
tives,  representatives  of  railroad  brotherhoods,  and  of  shippers’  organi¬ 
zations. 

June  24,  1918.  “Hearing  ...  on  S.J.Res.  159,  to  extend  the  time 
within  which  the  President  may  relinquish  control  of  any  railroad  or 
system  of  transportation.”  (57  pages.) 

July  9, 1918.  “Hearing  ...  on  H.J.Res.  309  to  authorize  the  Presi¬ 
dent,  in  time  of  war,  to  supervise  or  take  possession  and  assume  control 
of  any  telegraph,  telephone,  marine  cable,  or  radio  system.”  (57  pages.) 

January  3-February  21,  1919.  “Hearings  ...  on  the  extension  of 
time  for  relinquishment  by  the  government  of  railroads  to  corporate 
ownership  and  control.”  (3  volumes,  4191  pages.)  Volumes  2  and  3 
contain  the  hearings  (November  20,  1917-December  19,  1918)  before 
the  joint  subcommittee  charged  with  the  investigations  of  the  conditions 
relating  to  interstate  and  foreign  commerce  and  the  necessity  for  fur¬ 
ther  legislation  relating  thereto. 

May  4,  7,  1920.  “Hearing  .  .  .  on  S.  4373,  a  bill  to  amend  sec¬ 
tions  27,  and  210  of  the  transportation  act,  1920.”  (116  pages.)  Car 
shortage. 


CONGRESS 


11 


September  23,  24,  1919.  “Hearing  .  .  .  on  S.  2906,  a  bill  further  to 
regulate  commerce  among  the  States  and  with  foreign  nations,  etc.” 
(46  pages.)  Prevention  of  strikes. 

May  29,  30,  1919.  “Hearings  ...  on  relinquishment  of  government 
control  of  telephone  and  telegraph  lines.”  (124  pages.) 

Committee  on  JvMciary 

February  23-April  13,  1918.  “Hearings  before  the  subcommittee 
.  .  .  on  S.  3529,  a  bill  to  repeal  the  act  of  February  25,  1907,  to  in¬ 
corporate  the  National  German- American  Alliance.”  (698  pages.) 

September  27,  1918-March  10,  1919.  “Report  and  Hearings  of  the 
subcommittee  .  .  .  pursuant  to  S.Res.  307  and  439  relating  to  charges 
made  against  the  United  States  Brewers’  Association  and  allied  interests 
of  financing  German  and  Bolshevik  propaganda.”  (3  volumes,  4240 
pages.)  This  report  and  hearing  are  also  published  as  Senate  Docu¬ 
ment  62,  66th  Congress,  1st  Session.  Exhibits:  letters,  newspaper  arti¬ 
cles,  and  proceedings  of  organization  meetings,  report  of  the  American 
Embargo  Conference ;  a  list  of  the  principal  subscribers  to  the  American 
Embargo  Conference;  a  list  of  members  of  the  German  University 
League ;  telegrams  by  W.  R.  Hearst  giving  instructions  for  editorials 
in  the  'New  YorTt  American;  copies  of  the  news  sheet  prepared  by  the 
German  information  service;  copies  of  messages  signed  “International 
News”  or  “Hale” ;  a  letter  by  the  manager  of  the  Hearst  papers  to 
Senator  Overman ;  evidence  re  German  insurance  pools  ;  a  list  of  foreign 
language  newspapers  (by  States)  published  in  the  United  States;  a  list 
of  Industrial  Unions  of  the  Industrial  Workers  of  the  World. 

June  14-July  12,  1919.  “Hearings  before  the  subcommittee  ...  on 
bills  to  prohibit  the  liquor  traffic  and  to  provide  for  the  enforcement  of 
such  prohibition  and  the  War  Prohibition  Act.”  (345  pages.) 

May  22,  1920.  “Hearing  before  a  subcommittee  .  .  .  on  S.  4344,  a 
bill  to  authorize  an  association  of  producers  of  agricultural  products.” 
(69  pages.) 

December  21,  1920-February  16,  1921.  “Hearings  before  a  subcom¬ 
mittee  ...  on  S.J.Res.  171,  providing  for  the  recommendation  of 
amnesty  and  pardon  for  political  prisoners  in  the  United  States.”  (198 
pages.) 

January  19-March  3,  1921.  “Hearings  before  a  subcommittee  .  .  . 
on  ‘Report  upon  the  Illegal  Practices  of  the  United  States  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Justice,’  made  by  a  committee  of  lawyers  on  behalf  of  the  Na¬ 
tional  Popular  Government  League,  and  a  memorandum  describing  the 
personnel  of  the  committee.”  (788  pages.) 


12 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Committee  on  Manufactures 

December  14,  1917-January  16,  1918.  “Hearings  before  a  subcom¬ 
mittee  ...  on  S.Res.  163  directing  the  committee  to  investigate  the 
causes  of  the  shortage  of  coal  and  sugar.”  (1048  pages.)  The  sugar 
industry. 

December  26,  1917-February  18,  1919.  “Hearings  before  the  sub¬ 
committee  .  .  .  pursuant  to  S.Res.  163,  directing  the  committee  to  in¬ 
vestigate  the  causes  of  the  shortage  of  coal  and  sugar.”  (1788  pages.) 
Organization  and  operation  of  the  Fuel  Administration,  activities  of 
the  Federal  Trade  Commission,  prices,  wages,  measures  for  increasing 
production,  transportation,  distribution,  control  of  exports  to  Canada, 
conservation,  transition  from  peace  basis  to  war  basis,  investigations  of 
coal  mining. 

April  9-May  27,  1920.  “Hearing  before  a  subcommittee  .  .  .  pursu¬ 
ant  to  S.Res.  317  directing  the  committee  to  ascertain  in  every  prac¬ 
ticable  way  the  cause  for  the  increased  price  of  shoes  in  the  United 
States.”  (118  pages.) 

May  4-17,  1920.  “Hearings  before  a  subcommittee  .  .  .  pursuant 
to  S.Res.  164,  authorizing  the  committee  to  investigate  the  newspaper 
print  industry.”  (518  pages.)  Witnesses :  editors,  publishers,  and  paper 
manufacturers. 

January  15-February  15,  1921.  “Hearings  .  .  .  on  S.  4828,  a  bill 
to  promote  the  general  welfare  by  gathering  information  respecting 
the  ownership,  production,  distribution,  costs,  sales,  and  profits  in  the 
coal  industry  and  by  the  publication  of  same,  and  to  recognize  and  de¬ 
clare  coal  and  its  production  and  distribution  charged  with  public  in¬ 
terest  and  use.”  (3  volumes,  2235  pages.) 


Committee  on  Military  Affairs 

December  8,  1916-February  1,  1917.  “Hearing  before  a  subcom¬ 
mittee  .  .  .  on  S.  1695,  a  bill  to  provide  for  the  military  and  naval 
training  of  the  citizen  forces  of  the  United  States.”  (1178  pages.)  Uni¬ 
versal  military  training.  Witnesses :  military  men,  educators,  editors, 
labor  representatives,  propagandists,  clergymen,  etc. 

April  21,  1917.  “Hearings  .  .  .  on  S.  1871,  a  bill  to  authorize  the 
President  to  increase  temporarily  the  military  establishment  of  the 
United  States.”  (46  pages.)  Conscription  vs.  voluntary  enlistments. 
Witnesses :  propagandists  and  others  opposing  conscription. 

December  12,  1917-March  29,  1918.  “Hearings  .  .  .  for  the  pur- 


CONGRESS 


13 


pose  of  inquiring  from  the  different  branches  of  the  service  of  the  War 
Department  as  to  the  progress  made  in  the  matter  of  providing  for 
ordnance,  small  arms,  and  munitions.”  (2560  pages.)  Contracts,  de¬ 
liveries,  etc.  Witnesses :  military  men,  executives  of  manufacturing  con¬ 
cerns,  officers  of  manufacturers’  associations,  government  officials. 

May  29- August  16,  1918.  “Hearings  before  the  subcommittee  .  .  . 
relative  to  aircraft  production.”  (1226  pages.)  The  production  of  the 
Liberty  engine,  cause  of  delays  and  disappointments  in  the  aviation  pro¬ 
gram,  measures  for  expediting  production. 

July  12-November  18,  1918.  “Hearings  before  a  subcommittee  .  .  . 
relative  to  matters  pertaining  to  the  Quarter  Masters  Corps.”  (796 
pages.)  Contracts,  the  condition  of  the  subsistence  department,  etc. 
Exhibits :  a  list  of  nearly  300  large  contracts,  with  name  of  contractor, 
character  of  the  work,  location,  estimated  amount,  and  estimated  fee; 
correspondence  with  contractors ;  a  table  of  cotton  goods  purchased 
subsequent  to  January  19,  1918  (58  pages),  containing  name  of  the 
contractor,  mill  or  f.o.b.  point,  quantity,  description  of  article  and  price, 
memorandum  of  Senator  McKellar’s  trip  to  Newport  News  and  Norfolk, 
a  tabulation  of  bids  on  enameled  ironware ;  a  table  showing  average  prices 
paid  for  specification  cloths. 

August  6-9,  1918.  “Hearings  .  .  .  on  S.  4856,  a  bill  to  amend  the 
selective  service  act.”  (103  pages.)  Substitution  of  ages  18  and  45  for 
21  and  30,  question  of  deferring  groups  of  annual  classes  as  the  exi¬ 
gencies  of  the  service  may  permit. 

January  25,  1919.  “Hearings  .  .  .  on  S.  4972,  a  bill  to  regulate  the 
collection  and  expenditure  of  money,  other  than  by  the  government  of 
the  United  States,  or  by  its  authority,  for  the  use  and  benefit  of  the 
armed  forces  of  the  United  States  and  its  allies.”  (96  pages.)  War 
charity  organizations,  report  of  January  1,  1919,  by  E.  P.  Kilroe,  as¬ 
sistant  district  attorney.  New  York,  on  an  investigation  of  war  charities, 
correspondence. 

January  21-March  1,  1920.  “Hearing  .  .  .  on  S.  3792,  a  bill  to  re¬ 
organize  and  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  United  States  army.”  (62 
pages.)  Accompanying  the  report  of  this  hearing  is  a  report  by  Albert 
G.  Love,  M.D.,  and  Charles  B.  Davenport,  prepared  under  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  the  Surgeon  General  and  entitled:  “Defects  found  in  drafted 
men,  statistical  information  compiled  from  the  draft  records,  showing 
the  physical  condition  of  the  men  registered  and  examined  in  pursuance 
of  the  requirements  of  the  selective  service  act.”  (359  pages.) 


14 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Committee  on  Mines  and  Mi/ning 

May  2-9,  1918.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.R.  11259  to  provide  further 
for  the  national  security  and  defense  hy  encouraging  the  production, 
conserving  the  supply,  and  controlhng  the  distribution  of  those  ores, 
metals,  and  minerals  which  have  formerly  been  largely  imported,  or  of 
which  there  is  or  may  be  an  inadequate  supply.”  (672  pages.) 


Committee  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds 

April  8  and  10,  1918.  “Hearing  ...  on  H.R.  10265,  a  biU  to  au¬ 
thorize  the  Secretary  of  Labor  to  provide  housing,  local  transportation, 
and  other  community  facilities  for  war  needs.”  (65  pages.)  Restric¬ 
tion  of  production  by  manufacturing  plants  due  to  lack  of  housing  for 
laborers. 

December  6-17,  1918.  “Hearings  before  a  subcommittee  .  .  .  pursu¬ 
ant  to  S.Res.  371  providing  for  an  investigation  of  the  costs,  construc¬ 
tion,  operation,  maintenance,  and  future  disposition  of  government 
buildings,  etc.”  (291  pages.)  Operations  of  the  U.S.  Housing  Corpora¬ 
tion. 

December  6-14,  1920.  “Joint  hearings  before  the  Committees  on  Agri¬ 
culture  and  Forestry  on  S.J.Res.  212,  directing  the  War  Finance  Cor¬ 
poration  and  the  Federal  Reserve  Board  to  take  certain  action  for  the 
relief  of  the  present  depression  in  the  agricultural  sections  of  the  coun¬ 
try.”  (275  pages.) 

August  7-December  11,  1919.  “Hearings  before  a  subcommittee  .  .  . 
pursuant  to  S.Res.  210,  directing  the  Committee  to  investigate  and  re¬ 
port  to  the  Senate  concerning  the  cost  of  construction  and  maintenance 
of  public  buildings  of  the  government,  their  location,  and  the  plan  of 
the  government  as  to  their  future  disposition.”  (737  pages.)  U.S.  Hous¬ 
ing  Corporation. 


Select  Committee  on  Reconstruction  and  Production 

July  20, 1920-February  15, 1921.  “Hearings  .  .  .  pursuant  to  S.Res. 
350,  authorizing  the  appointment  of  a  conunittee  to  inquire  into  the 
general  building  situation  and  to  report  to  the  Senate  before  December 
1,  1920,  such  measures  as  may  be  deemed  necessary  to  stimulate  and 
foster  the  development  of  construction  work  in  all  its  forms.”  (3  vol¬ 
umes,  2360  pages.)  Coal,  transportation,  and  housing. 


CONGRESS 


15 


HOUSE  OF  REPEESENTATIVES 

Committee  on  Agriculture 

May  1-June  11,  1917.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.J.Res.  75,  H.R.  4125, 
H.R.  4188,  and  H.R.  4630,  relative  to  the  production,  distribution,  and 
conservation  of  food  supplies.”  (538  pages.)  Alcoholic  beverages,  bar¬ 
ley,  bread,  canning,  brewers’  grains,  cheese,  cold  storage,  corn  and  corn 
flour,  cotton,  drying  vegetables,  eggs,  elevators,  farm  labor,  fertilizer, 
food  prices,  oats,  potatoes,  poultry,  wheat,  etc. 

February  11,  1918.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.R.  8718,  a  bill  to  provide 
further  for  the  national  security  and  common  defense  by  the  conserva¬ 
tion  of  foodstuffs,  feeds,  and  materials  necessary  for  the  production, 
manufacture,  and  preservation  of  foodstuffs,  feeds,  etc.”  (43  pages.) 
Shortage  of  food  for  the  allies,  conservation  of  food. 

March  13,  1918.  “Hearings  ...  on  the  spring  wheat  situation.” 
(86  pages.) 

April  23,  1918.  “Hearings  ...  on  estimates  of  appropriations  re¬ 
quired  to  enforce  the  food-production  act  of  August  10,  1917.”  (211 
pages.) 

August  15,  20,  1919.  “Hearings  ...  on  amendments  proposed  to 
the  food-control  act.”  (92  pages.)  High  cost  of  living. 

February  3-5,  1919.  “Hearings  ...  on  the  wheat  price  guaranteed 
by  Congress.”  (226  pages.) 

Committee  on  Appropriations 

February  5,  1919.  “Hearing  before  a  subcommittee  ...  in  charge 
of  deficiency  appropriations  for  the  fiscal  year  1919  and  prior  fiscal 
years.”  (197  pages.)  Deficit  in  government  operation  of  railroads. 

June  3,  1919.  “Hearing  before  a  subcommittee  ...  in  charge  of 
the  deficiency  appropriation  for  the  fiscal  year  1919  and  prior  fiscal 
years.”  (369  pages.)  An  appropriation  for  the  government  control  of 
railroads. 


Committee  on  Education 

February  14,  15,  1919.  “Hearing  ...  on  H.R.  15402  to  promote 
the  education  of  native  illiterates,  of  persons  unable  to  understand  and 
use  the  English  language,  and  of  other  resident  persons  of  foreign 
birth.”  (72  pages.) 

March  2-May  15,  1920.  “Hearings  ...  of  charges  against  the 
Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education.”  (31  parts,  2159  pages.) 
Charges  published  in  the  New  York  Evening  Post;  “Hard  boiled  order” 


16 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


to  agents  with  regard  to  applications  of  disabled  soldiers  for  treatment 
under  the  rehabilitation  act;  hostile  attitude  of  the  board  toward  the 
soldiers. 


Committee  on  Immigration  and  Naturalization 

January  14-20, 1919.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.R.  13325, 13669, 13904, 
and  14577,  prohibiting  immigration.”  (298  pages.) 

June  12-20,  September  25,  1919.  “Hearings  .  .  .  relative  to  percent¬ 
age  plans  for  restriction  of  immigration.”  (296  pages.) 

October  16-27,  1919.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.R.  9949  relative  to 
education  and  Americanization.”  (222  pages.) 

March  30,  April  9,  10,  May  25,  1920.  “Hearings  .  .  .  relative  to  the 
administration  of  immigration  laws.”  (154  pages.)  The  deportation  of 
aliens  ;  Industrial  Workers  of  the  World. 


Committee  on  Interstate  and  Foreign  Commerce 

Aprd  23,  1917.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.R.  3349,  a  bill  to  authorize 
the  President  in  time  of  war  to  give  direction  to  exports  from  the  United 
States,  so  as  to  insure  their  wise,  economic,  and  profitable  distribution 
to  other  countries.”  (16  pages.) 

January  8-29,  1918.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.R.  8172,  a  bill  to  provide 
for  the  operation  of  transportation  systems  while  under  federal  control, 
for  the  just  compensation  of  their  owners,  and  for  other  purposes.” 
(950  pages.) 

December  19,  20,  1918,  and  January  31-February  14,  1919.  “Hear¬ 
ings  ...  on  H.R.  13324,  for  the  government  control  of  the  meat-pack¬ 
ing  industry.”  (2  volumes,  5  parts,  2443  pages.) 

May  30-June  5, 1919.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.R.  421  relative  to  the  re¬ 
turn  of  the  wire  systems  to  their  owners.”  (3  parts,  228  pages.) 

September  16-October  4,  1919.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.R.  4378  pro¬ 
viding  for  the  return  of  the  railroads  to  private  ownership.”  (3  volumes, 
3669  pages.) 

Committee  on  the  Judiciary 

July  9,  1918.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.R.  12443,  to  prevent  profiteering 
in  rents  during  the  war.”  (43  pages.) 

April  6-May  14,  1920.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.Res.  469  authorizing  an 
investigation  of  the  action  of  the  Attorney-General  relating  to  the  price 
of  Louisiana  sugar.”  (305  pages.) 


CONGRESS 


17 


Committee  on  Merchant  Marine  and  Fisheries 

January  25,  28,  1918.  “Hearings  ...  on  S.  3389,  to  authorize  and 
empower  the  United  States  Shipping  Board  Emergency  Fleet  Corpora¬ 
tion  to  purchase,  lease,  requisition,  and  otherwise  acquire  improved  or 
unimproved  land,  houses,  and  buildings.”  (80  pages.)  Housing  for  em¬ 
ployees  of  shipyards. 

July  24!-August  7,  1919.  “Hearings  .  .  .  relative  to  the  operations 
of  the  United  States  Shipping  Board.”  (794  pages.) 

Committee  on  Post  Offices  and  Post  Roads 

January  14-28,  1919.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.J.Res.  368,  relative  to 
government  control  of  the  telegraph  and  telephone  systems.”  (3  parts, 
438  pages.) 

Coinmittee  on  Public  Lands 

May  27-June  28,  1919.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.R.  487,  a  bill  to  pro¬ 
vide  employment  and  rural  homes  for  those  who  served  with  the  mili¬ 
tary  and  naval  forces  through  the  reclamation  of  lands  to  be  known  as 
the  ‘National  soldier  settlement  act.’  ”  (798  pages.) 

Committee  on  Rules 

March  5,  1920.  “Hearings  ...  on  resolutions  relative  to  relief  for 
farmers  of  western  States  and  for  central  and  eastern  Europe.”  (41 
pages.) 

Committee  on  Ways  and  Means 

February  18-22,  1918.  “Hearing  ...  on  H.R.  9499,  a  bill  establish¬ 
ing  the  War  Finance  Corporation.”  (170  pages.) 

June  7-July  17,  August  5,  14,  15,  1918.  “Hearings  ...  on  the  pro¬ 
posed  revenue  act  of  1918.”  (2242  pages.)  Income,  excess  profits,  and 
estate  taxes,  miscellaneous  taxes,  postal  rates. 

Select  Committee  on  Expenditures  in  the  War  Department 

July  23,  1919-January  10,  1921.  “Hearings  before  the  committee  as 
a  whole.”  (13  parts,  2312  pages.)  Part  13  contains  a  tabulated  list  of 
war  contracts  of  $100,000  and  over. 

July  31-September  12,  1919.  “Hearings  before  subcommittee  No.  1 
(Aviation)  .  .  .”  (2  volumes,  2325  pages.)  A  list  of  contracts  aggre¬ 
gating  $100,000  or  over  made  by  or  under  Air  Service  from  April  6, 
1917,  to  June  1,  1919,  in  the  United  States;  a  statement  of  shipments 


18 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


from  factories  of  aU  types  of  airplane  engines  for  the  United  States 
army  during  the  11-year  period  from  1908  to  1918  inclusive;  analysis 
of  the  cost  of  railroads  constructed  by  the  Spruce  Production  Division 
and  the  United  States  Spruce  Production  Corporation. 

July  11,  1919-January  17, 1920.  “Hearings  before  subcommittee  No. 

2  (Camps)  .  .  .”  (2  volumes,  3022  pages;  a  third  volume,  561  pages, 
contains  an  abstract  of  testimony  contained  in  volumes  1  and  2.)  Copies 
of  contracts ;  schedule  of  rental  rates  per  day ;  summary  of  estimates 
for  cantonments  for  the  National  Guard  and  the  National  Army; 
names  of  contractors  and  dates  camp  sites  were  approved,  contracts 
executed,  and  work  started ;  statement  of  emergency  construction  con¬ 
tracts  in  which  the  fee  granted  was  not  reached  under  the  construction 
accomplished ;  statement  of  emergency  construction  contracts  in  which 
fee  granted  was  reached  under  the  construction  accomplished,  etc. 

June  19,  1919-February  4,  1921.  “Hearings  before  subcommittee  No. 

3  (Foreign  Expenditures)  .  .  .”  (4  volumes,  4583  pages.)  Memoran¬ 
dum  of  basis  for  compiling  estimated  present  value  of  A.E.F.  property 
in  France  available  for  sale  to  French  government;  a  statement  of 
claims ;  a  list  of  claims  disallowed  by  the  commission ;  an  abstract  of 
supplies  on  hand  at  quartermaster  depots  of  the  Services  of  Supply, 
1919,  and  stocks  on  hand  at  supply  depots,  post  camps,  hospital  cen¬ 
ters,  etc.  April  30,  1919.  There  are  many  other  exhibits. 

July  8, 1919-February  5, 1921.  “Hearings  before  subcommittee  No.  4 
(Quartermaster  Corps).”  (1347  pages.) 

July  17-February  2,  1921.  “Hearings  before  subcommittee  No.  5 
(Ordnance).”  (4  volumes,  5260  pages.)  Statistical  tables  re  the  pro¬ 
curement  location  and  cost  of  ordnance  supplies  ;  a  table  containing  data 
re  Ordnance  Department  lumber  contracts ;  detailed  report  of  ferrous 
sales ;  a  statistical  table  re  acids,  chemicals,  and  explosives ;  copies  of 
ordnance  contracts ;  data  re  U.S.  Nitrate  Plant  No.  4,  Ancor,  Ohio. 

Select  Committee  on  the  United  States  Shipping  Board 

August  20,  1919-February  19,  1921.  “Hearings  .  .  .  U.S.  Shipping 
Board  operations.”  (5  volumes,  5268  pages.) 

Special  Committee  to  Investigate  the  National  Security  League 

December  19,  1918-February  22,  1919.  “Hearings  ...  on  H.Res. 
469  and  476  to  investigate  and  make  report  as  to  the  officers,  member¬ 
ship,  financial  support,  expenditures,  general  character,  activities,  and 
purpose  of  the  National  Security  League.”  (2  volumes,  30  parts,  2086 


CONGRESS 


19 


pages.)  Exhibits:  list  of  pamphlets  issued  by  the  National  Security 
League  in  1917  and  1918;  a  “Record  of  Congress”  prior  to  the  call  for 
mobilization  of  the  National  Guard,  June  18,  1916;  a  list  of  contribu¬ 
tions  to  the  National  Security  League. 

Joint  Committees 

November  20,  1916-December  19,  1917.  “Hearings  before  the  joint 
subcommittee  on  Interstate  and  Foreign  Commerce  pursuant  to  Pub¬ 
lic  J.Res.  25  .  .  .  creating  a  joint  subcommittee  to  investigate  the 
conditions  relating  to  interstate  and  foreign  commerce  and  the  necessity 
of  further  legislation  relating  thereto.”  (14  parts,  2448  pages.)  State 
and  federal  regulation  of  railroads,  public  ownership.  Testimony  of  rail¬ 
road  executives,  and  members  of  state  railroad  commissions. 

April  20,  May  1,  2,  1918.  “Hearings  before  the  joint  committee  of 
the  Senate  and  House  on  S.  4284  and  H.R.  11367,  bills  to  provide  voca¬ 
tional  rehabilitation  and  return  to  civil  employment  of  disabled  persons 
discharged  from  the  military  or  naval  forces  of  the  United  States.” 
(168  pages.) 

December  10,  1918.  “Joint  hearings  before  members  of  the  Senate 
and  House  Committees  on  Education  and  Labor  on  S.  4922,  a  bill  to 
provide  for  the  promotion  of  vocational  rehabilitation  of  persons  dis¬ 
abled  in  industry  or  otherwise  and  their  return  to  civil  employment.”  (86 
pages.) 

June  19- July  23,  1919.  “Hearings  before  the  joint  committees  of  the 
House  and  Senate  on  S.  688  and  1442  and  H.R.  4305,  bills  providing  for 
the  establishment  of  a  national  employment  system.”  (992  pages.) 

January  28,  1920.  “Joint  hearings  before  the  House  and  Senate 
Committees  on  Agriculture  and  Forestry  on  cost  of  living.”  (44  pages.) 

SENATE  AND  HOUSE  FILES 

Each  house  of  Congress  has  its  file-room  where  are  preserved  the 
original  papers  received  by  members  and  committees.  These  consist 
for  the  greater  part  of  petitions,  resolutions,  letters,  and  other  com¬ 
munications  from  individuals,  groups  of  citizens,  clubs,  societies, 
labor  unions,  churches,  etc.  They  are  variously  addressed  to  the 
Vice-President,  the  Speaker,  the  Senate,  the  House  of  Representa¬ 
tives,  the  various  committees,  and  to  individual  members.  Their 
principal  value,  which  for  the  purpose  of  this  survey  does  not  seem 
to  be  considerable,  consists  in  such  reflection  of  public  opinion  as 


20 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


they  offer  and  in  such  evidence  as  they  present  of  organized  propa¬ 
ganda.  The  only  guide  to  this  material  is  through  the  references  to 
petitions,  memorials,  etc.,  in  the  Journal  and  the  Record.  The  phy¬ 
sical  bulk  of  this  material  is  not  great — about  108  boxes  in  the 
House  files,  not  more  than  15  in  the  Senate  files,  for  the  two  Con¬ 
gresses  with  which  this  report  deals.  The  subject  matter  of  these 
documents  is  very  varied — support  of  or  opposition  to  the  war, 
food  control,  war-time  prohibition,  high  cost  of  living,  compulsory 
military  service,  methods  of  taxation,  etc.  The  following  items, 
selected  from  the  Senate  files,  are  sufficiently  illustrative. 

March  29,  1917.  A  local  union  of  the  Mine  Workers  of  America,  in 
opposition  to  the  declaration  of  war  and  to  compulsory  military  train¬ 
ing. 

April  6,  1917.  The  Deutscher  Liederkrantz  of  New  York,  pledging 
support  to  the  government  and  offering  its  clubhouse  as  a  hospital 
unit. 

April  7,  1917.  The  Farmers’  Club  of  East  Wallop,  Enfield,  Connecti¬ 
cut,  respecting  shortage  of  skilled  farm  labor  and  favoring  its  exemp¬ 
tion  from  the  first  call  for  military  service. 

April  14,  1917.  Citizens  of  Elkhart,  Indiana,  in  favor  of  compulsory 
military  training. 

April  19,  1917.  The  Kiwanis  Club  of  Muskegon,  Michigan,  opposing 
the  prohibition  of  efficiency  methods  in  government  shops. 

May  20,  1917.  Citizens  of  Laurel,  Maryland,  in  favor  of  national 
prohibition  as  a  war  measure. 

May  22,  1917.  The  Merchants’  Association  of  New  York,  favoring 
the  measures  for  food  control  proposed  by  the  administration. 

May  24,  1917.  A  business  men’s  association  of  Buffalo,  New  York, 
in  favor  of  legislation  to  prohibit  speculation  in  food  products  and  to 
fix  maximum  prices  for  farm  products,  fuel,  oil,  and  gas. 

June  12,  1917.  A  citizen  of  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  complaining  of 
the  high  cost  of  living,  the  difficulty  of  buying  Liberty  bonds,  etc.,  and 
asking  for  legislation  to  control  profiteering  and  to  enforce  national 
prohibition  during  the  war. 

August  27, 1917.  Citizens  of  Massachusetts,  in  favor  of  placing  aliens, 
subjects  of  countries  associated  with  the  United  States,  on  the  same 
footing  for  military  duty,  as  citizens  of  the  United  States. 

February  1,  1918.  Farmers  of  Orange  Township,  Iowa,  in  favor  of 
prohibiting  the  raising  of  tobacco  during  the  war. 


CONGRESS 


21 


February  8,  1918.  The  Woman’s  Committee  of  the  Connecticut  Coun¬ 
cil  of  Defense,  in  favor  of  measures  to  compel  the  planting  of  tobacco 
land  to  food  crops. 

Febi-uary  11,  1918.  The  Lumbermen’s  Exchange  of  Philadelphia,  in 
favor  of  establishing  a  board  of  war  control  with  a  director  of  muni¬ 
tions. 

January  17,  1919.  A  local  union  of  the  United  Automobile,  Aircraft, 
and  Vehicle  Workers  of  America,  demanding  the  immediate  withdrawal 
of  forces  from  Russia. 

February  4,  1919.  Workers  in  the  Rock  Island  Arsenal,  asking  that 
all  government  equipment  be  manufactured,  so  far  as  possible,  in  gov¬ 
ernment  shops. 

February  10, 1919.  The  executive  committee  of  the  Associated  Indus¬ 
tries  of  Massachusetts,  opposing  the  continuation  of  the  United  States 
Employment  Service  beyond  July  1,  1919. 

February  12,  1919.  A  citizen  of  Grand  Rapids,  Michigan,  favoring 
legislation  which  should  provide  for  the  completion  of  public  improve¬ 
ments,  temporarily  prohibit  immigration,  provide  monthly  payments 
to  unemployed  discharged  soldiers  and  service  men,  and  provide  for  the 
reclamation  of  land  and  the  settlement  thereon  of  those  who  served  in 
the  war. 


UNITED  STATES  SUPREME  COURT 


The  United  States  Supreme  Court  has  handed  down  several  de¬ 
cisions  interpreting  war  statutes  and  affecting  industrial  and  social 
conditions  during  the  war  and  the  period  of  reconstruction.  The 
decisions  from  October,  1917,  to  April,  1921,  are  reported  in  vol¬ 
umes  246-255  of  United  States  Reports.  Each  report  contains  a 
statement  of  the  case,  a  statement  of  the  points  at  issue,  a  brief 
review  of  the  arguments  presented  by  the  contending  attorneys,  the 
opinion  of  the  Court  in  full,  also  the  dissenting  opinion,  if  any. 
The  complete  records  and  briefs  in  each  and  every  case  constitute 
a  voluminous  mass  of  material,  in  some  instances  several  volumes 
for  a  single  case.  They  are  to  be  found  in  the  office  of  the  Clerk  of 
the  Court,  in  the  Law  Division  of  the  Library  of  Congress,  and  in 
the  library  of  the  Law  Association  of  Philadelphia.  The  following 
cases  are  within  the  scope  of  this  survey : 

Board  of  Trade  of  the  City  of  Chicago  et  al.  vs.  the  United  States. 
Decided  March  4,  1918.  (U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  246,  pp.  227-255.)  Brief 
for  the  Board  of  Trade,  65  pages ;  brief  for  the  United  States,  28 
pages.  Question:  was  the  “Call  rule”  of  the  Board  of  Trade,  which,  in 
purchases  of  grain  to  arrive,  limited  price-fixing  by  its  members  to 
certain  hours,  a  violation  of  the  Sherman  anti-trust  act.P 

United  States  vs.  United  Shoe  Machinery  Company  et  al.  Decided 
May  20,  1918.  {U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  247,  pp.  32-91.)  Records  and  briefs, 
7  volumes.  Defendant  was  charged  with  monopolizing  a  part  of  the  inter¬ 
state  and  foreign  commerce  of  the  United  States  in  machines  used  for 
the  manufacture  of  shoes. 

Allanwilde  Transport  Corporation  vs.  Vacuum  Oil  Company.  De¬ 
cided  January  13,  1919,  {U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  248,  pp.  377-387.)  Brief 
on  behalf  of  claimant,  61  pages ;  brief  on  behalf  of  libelants,  44  pages. 
A  charter  of  a  sailing  vessel  and  the  biU  of  lading  provided  that  the 
freight  should  be  prepaid  and  that  the  freight  earned  should  be  re¬ 
tained,  vessel  lost  or  not  lost.  The  vessel  endeavored  in  good  faith  to 
make  the  voyage,  was  driven  back  by  a  storm  for  repairs,  and  then  an 
act  of  the  government  denied  clearance  to  sailing  vessels  destined  for 
the  war  zone.  Must  the  freight  be  refunded 

International  Paper  Company  vs.  the  schooner  Grade  D.  Chambers. 


SUPREME  COURT 


23 


Decided  January  13, 1919.  (U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  248,  pp.  387-392.)  Brief 
for  the  company,  25  pages ;  brief  for  the  schooner,  21  pages.  Similar  to 
Allanwilde  Corporation  vs.  Vacuum  Oil  Company. 

Standard  Varnish  Works  vs.  steamship  Bris.  Decided  January  13, 
1919.  {U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  248,  pp.  392-398.)  Brief  for  appellant,  26 
pages ;  brief  for  claimants  57  pages.  War  measures  taken  by  the  gov¬ 
ernment  soon  after  the  shipment  made  it  impossible  to  carry  to  desti¬ 
nation  such  goods  as  constituted  the  cargo  and  they  were  redelivered  at 
the  port  of  shipment.  Must  the  freight  be  refunded.? 

Ex  parte  Whitney  Steamboat  Company.  Decided  March  3,  1919. 
(U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  249,  pp.  115-119.)  Records,  83  pages.  Relative  to 
an  attachment  of  a  vessel  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  Shipping 
Board. 

Frohwerk  vs.  United  States.  Decided  March  10,  1919.  (U.S.  Reports, 
Vol.  249,  pp.  204-210.)  Statement,  brief,  and  argument  for  Frohwerk, 
334  pages ;  brief  for  the  United  States,  23  pages.  A  case  arising  under 
the  espionage  act,  13  counts.  Frohwerk  was  charged  with  being  in  a 
conspiracy  with  Carl  Gleeser  while  they  were  engaged  in  the  prepara¬ 
tion  and  publication  of  the  Missouri  Staats  Zeitung  to  violate  the  act. 

Debs  vs.  United  States.  Decided  March  10,  1919.  (U.S.  Reports, 
Vol.  249,  pp.  211-217.)  Transcript  of  record,  311  pages  ;  brief  for  Debs, 
87  pages ;  brief  for  the  United  States,  91  pages.  Debs  was  charged  with 
violating  the  espionage  act  by  speaking  in  public  with  intent  to  oppose 
the  war  and  obstruct  recruiting ;  charged  with  expressing  his  approval, 
an  hour  before  his  speech,  of  a  document  known  as  an  “Anti-War  Procla¬ 
mation  and  Program.” 

Northern  Pacific  Railway  Company  et  al.  vs.  State  of  North  Dakota. 
Decided  June  2,  1919.  (U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  250,  pp.  135-152.)  Brief 
for  the  company,  48  pages  ;  brief  for  the  State,  75  pages.  A  case  arising 
under  the  act  of  March  21,  1918,  for  the  federal  control  of  the  rail¬ 
roads.  Had  a  State  the  right  to  control  intra-state  rates? 

Dakota  Central  Telephone  Company  et  al.  vs.  State  of  South  Dakota. 
Decided  June  2,  1919.  (U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  250,  pp.  163-188.)  Brief  for 
the  telephone  companies,  179  pages ;  brief  for  the  State,  72  pages.  A 
case  arising  from  the  federal  control  of  telephone  lines.  Does  the  police 
power  reserved  to  the  States  include  the  authority  to  determine  local 
telephone  rates  ? 

State  of  Kansas  vs.  Burleson.  Decided  June  2,  1919.  (U.S.  Reports, 
Vol.  250,  pp.  188-190.)  Similar  to  Dakota  Central  Telephone  Com¬ 
pany  et  al.  vs.  State  of  South  Dakota. 


24 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Burleson  vs.  Dempcy.  Decided  June  2,  1919.  (U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  250, 
pp.  191-194.)  Brief  for  Burleson,  44  pages ;  brief  for  Dempcy,  67  pages. 
Decided  on  authority  of  Dakota  Central  Telephone  Company  et  al.  vs. 
State  of  South  Dakota. 

McLeod  et  al.  vs.  New  England  Telephone  Company.  Decided  June  2, 
1919.  {U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  250,  pp.  195-198.)  Brief  for  McLeod  et  al., 
45  pages ;  brief  for  the  company,  54  pages.  Decided  on  authority  of 
Dakota  Central  Telephone  Company  et  al.  vs.  State  of  South  Dakota. 

The  Lake  Monroe.  Decided  June  2,  1919.  {U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  250, 
pp.  246-256.)  Records  and  briefs,  132  pages.  A  case  arising  under  the 
Shipping  Board  act  of  September  7,  1916.  Upon  petition  of  the  United 
States  an  order  was  granted  to  show  cause  why  a  writ  of  prohibition  or 
mandamus  should  not  be  issued  in  order  to  prevent  the  United  States 
District  Court  for  the  District  of  Massachusetts,  sitting  in  admiralty, 
from  directing  the  seizure,  attachment,  or  arrest  of  the  Lake  Monroe, 
owned  and  operated  by  the  government  of  the  United  States,  to  satisfy 
a  claim  of  the  master  and  past  owner  of  a  fishing  schooner  for  damages 
arising  out  of  a  collision  between  the  two  vessels. 

Rumely  vs.  McCarth3^  Decided  June  2,  1919.  {U.S.  Reports,  Vol. 
250,  pp.  283-289.)  Brief  and  argument  for  Rumely,  57  pages ;  brief  for 
McCarthy,  18  pages.  A  case  in  which  a  conspiracy  to  omit  making  a  re¬ 
port  of  enemy  property  had  been  charged. 

Commercial  Cable  Company  vs.  Burleson  et  al.  and  the  Commercial 
Pacific  Cable  Company  vs.  Burleson  et  al.  Decided  June  9,  1919.  {U.S. 
Reports,  Vol.  250,  pp.  360-363.)  Brief  for  the  companies,  93  pages; 
brief  for  Burleson,  48  pages.  The  companies  sought  to  enjoin  the  Post¬ 
master  General  and  his  appointees  from  retaining  possession  of  the 
marine  cables.  They  denied  that  the  President  had  the  power  to  take 
them  under  federal  control,  and  held  that  if  he  had  the  power  he  was 
not  justified  in  exerting  it  under  the  existing  conditions. 

Stilson  vs.  United  States.  Decided  November  10,  1919.  {U.S.  Re¬ 
ports,  Vol.  250,  pp.  583-589.)  Transcript  of  record,  278  pages;  brief 
for  Stilson,  15  pages ;  brief  for  the  United  States,  19  pages.  A  case 
arising  under  the  espionage  and  selective  service  acts. 

Abrams  et  al.  vs.  United  States.  Decided  November  10,  1919.  {U.S. 
Reports,  Vol.  250,  pp.  616-631.)  Transcript  of  record,  268  pages; 
brief,  for  Abrams  et  al.,  51  pages  ;  brief  for  the  United  States,  38  pages. 
Abrams  et  al.  had  been  charged  with  inciting  a  general  strike  of  workers 
in  the  ammunition  factories  and  convicted  of  a  conspiracy  to  violate  the 
espionage  act. 


SUPREME  COURT 


25 


Hamilton,  Collector  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  Collection  District 
of  Kentucky,  vs.  Kentucky  Distilleries  and  Warehouse  Company.  De¬ 
cided  December  15,  1919.  (U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  251,  pp.  146-168.)  Brief 
for  the  United  States,  41  pages ;  brief  for  the  company,  66  pages.  A 
case  arising  under  the  war-time  prohibition  act.  Was  a  reasonable  time 
allowed  by  the  act  for  disposing  of  liquors  in  bond.^  Did  the  act  require 
the  taking  of  property  without  compensation  and  thereby  violate  the 
Fifth  Amendment  .P 

United  States  vs.  Standard  Brewery.  Decided  January  15,  1920. 
{U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  251,  pp.  210-220.)  Brief  for  the  United  States,  18 
pages ;  brief  for  the  brewery,  39  pages.  A  case  arising  under  the  war¬ 
time  prohibition  act.  That  act  prohibited  the  use  of  grains,  fruits,  and 
other  products  in  the  manufacture  of  “beer,  wine,  or  other  intoxicating 
malt  or  vinous  liquor  for  beverage  purposes”  until  the  conclusion  of  the 
war.  Does  the  word  “intoxicating”  qualify  the  terms  preceding  and 
thus  exclude  from  the  prohibition  beer  that  is  not  intoxicating  If  so, 
what  percentage  of  alcohol  renders  beer  intoxicating.'^ 

Jacob  Ruppert  vs.  Cafferty  et  al.  Decided  January  5,  1920.  (U.S. 
Reports,  Vol.  251,  pp.  264-310.)  Brief  for  Ruppert,  78  pages;  brief 
for  the  United  States,  56  pages.  Did  the  action  of  the  President,  under 
the  food  control  act,  in  at  first  permitting  the  production  of  malt  liquors 
containing  not  more  than  2.75  per  cent  alcohol,  in  next  extending  the 
prohibition  to  all  malt  liquors  irrespective  of  alcoholic  content,  and  in 
afterwards  limiting  the  prohibition  to  intoxicating  malt  liquors  imply 
that  2.75  per  cent  beer  was  considered  non-intoxicating  or  raise  any 
equity  in  favor  of  an  owner  of  beer  that  was  manufactured  after  the 
President’s  authority  over  the  subject  had  ceased.^ 

United  States  vs.  United  States  Steel  Corporation  et  al.  Decided 
March  1,  1920.  (U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  251,  pp.  417-466.)  Record  and 
briefs,  16  volumes.  Was  the  United  States  Steel  Corporation  engaged 
in  illegal  restraint  of  trade  and  the  exercise  of  a  monopoly  ? 

Schaefer  et  al.  vs.  the  United  States.  Decided  March  1,  1920.  (U.S. 
Reports,  Vol.  251,  pp.  466-501.)  Briefs  for  Schaefer  et  al.,  37  pages; 
briefs  for  the  United  States,  28  pages.  Was  the  espionage  act  constitu¬ 
tional  ? 

United  States  vs.  A.  Schrader’s  Sons,  Inc.  Decided  March  1,  1920. 
(U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  252,  pp.  85-100.)  Brief  for  the  United  States,  19 
pages  ;  brief  for  Schrader’s  Sons,  61  pages.  A  manufacturer  of  patented 
articles  sold  them  to  its  customers,  who  were  manufacturers  and  job¬ 
bers  in  several  States,  under  their  agreements  to  observe  certain  re- 


26 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


tail  prices  fixed  by  the  vendor.  Did  this  constitute  a  combination  en¬ 
gaged  in  illegal  restraint  of  trade  .f* 

United  States  at  the  Relation  of  Kansas  City  Southern  Railroad 
Company  vs.  Interstate  Commerce  Commission.  Decided  March  8,  1920. 
{U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  252,  pp.  178-188.)  Brief  for  the  United  States,  106 
pages ;  brief  for  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  34  pages ;  brief 
for  the  railroads,  52  pages.  The  valuation  act  of  March  1,  1913,  re¬ 
quires  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  to  ascertain  the  present 
cost  of  condemnation  and  damages  or  of  purchase  of  the  lands,  rights 
of  way,  and  terminals  of  carriers  in  excess  of  their  original  cost  or 
present  value,  apart  from  improvements.  Was  the  Commission  justified 
in  refusing  to  receive  and  act  upon  evidence  to  this  end  by  the  supposed 
impossibility  of  performing  the  statutory  duty  or  the  difficulties  involved 
in  so  doing .P 

Pierce  et  al.  vs.  United  States.  Decided  March  8,  1920.  {U.S.  Re¬ 
ports,  Vol.  252,  pp.  239-273.)  Transcript  of  record,  292  pages;  brief 
for  Pierce  et  al.,  27  pages ;  brief  for  the  United  States,  21  pages.  A 
case  arising  under  the  espionage  act.  Pierce  et  al.  were  charged  with 
circulating  pamphlets  headed  “The  Price  We  Pay”  and  attempting  by 
this  means  to  cause  insubordination,  disloyalty,  and  the  refusal  of  duty 
in  the  military  and  naval  forces  during  the  war. 

Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  vs.  Kittanning  Iron  and  Steel  Manu¬ 
facturing  Company.  Decided  June  1,  1920.  {U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  253, 
pp.  319-325.)  Brief  for  the  railroad,  20  pages;  brief  for  the  company, 
8  pages.  Relative  to  demurrage.  A  consignee  who  was  a  party  to  the 
average  agreement  plan  was  prevented  from  unloading  a  number  of  cars 
of  frozen  ore  during  the  free  time  on  account  of  their  accumulation  and 
delivery  by  the  carrier  in  numbers  exceeding  the  facilities  of  the  con¬ 
signee  for  thawing  and  unloading.  Was  the  consignee  relieved  from  de¬ 
murrage  by  the  clause  governing  frozen  shipments.? 

Duplex  Co.  vs.  Deering.  Decided  January  3,  1921.  {U.S.  Reports, 
Vol.  254,  pp.  443-488.)  Relative  to  a  secondary  boycott  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  compelling  a  manufacturer  of  printing  presses  to  unionize  its 
factory. 

Director  General  of  Railroads  et  al.  vs.  The  Viscose  Company.  De¬ 
cided  January  3,  1921.  {U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  254,  pp.  498-504.)  A  case 
arising  under  the  act  for  the  federal  control  of  railroads  and  the  trans¬ 
portation  act  of  1920,  and  involving  a  question  of  jurisdiction  of  the 
Interstate  Commerce  Commission  with  regard  to  the  classification  of 
commodities. 


SUPREME  COURT 


27 


United  States  vs.  Cohen  Grocery  Company.  Decided  February  28, 
1921.  (U.S.  Reports,  A^ol.  255,  pp.  81-97.)  Brief  for  the  United  States, 
59  pages;  brief  and  argument  for  the  company,  55  pages.  Was  section 
4  of  the  food  control  act,  in  that  it  forbids  and  attaches  a  penalty  to 
the  exaction  of  an  excessive  price  for  a  commodity,  repugnant  to  the 
Fifth  and  Sixth  Amendments.?  Other  cases  much  the  same  as  this  are: 
Tedrow  vs.  Lewis  and  Son  Co.  {U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  255,  pp.  98-99); 
Kennington  et  al.  vs.  Palmer  et  al.,  ibid.,  pp.  100-101 ;  Kinnane  vs.  De¬ 
troit  Creamer}^  Co.,  ibid.,  Vol.  255,  pp.  102-104< ;  Weed  and  Co.  vs.  Lock- 
wood,  ibid.,  pp.  104-106. 

Smith  vs.  Kansas  City  Title  Company.  Decided  February  28,  1921. 
{U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  255,  pp.  180-215.)  A  case  in  which  the  constitu¬ 
tionality  of  the  authorizing  the  creation  of  federal  land  banks  was 
called  into  question. 

Stroehr  vs.  Wallace.  Decided  February  28,  1921.  {U.S.  Reports,  Vol. 
255,  pp.  239-251.)  A  case  arising  under  the  trading  with  the  enemy 
act  in  which  the  Court  upheld  a  certain  seizure  by  the  Alien  Property 
Custodian. 

Milwaukee  Publishing  Company  vs.  Burleson.  Decided  March  7,  1921. 
{U.S.  Reports,  Vol.  255,  pp.  407-438.)  Was  the  Postmaster  General 
empowered  by  the  espionage  act  to  deny  the  mails  to  newspapers  and 
other  publications  which  violated  its  prohibitions .? 


DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE 


War-Time  Functions 

In  its  conduct  of  foreign  affairs  during  the  period  of  the  war  the 
Department  of  State  cooperated  with  or  exercised  a  varying  amount 
of  supervision  over  activities  of  the  War  Trade  Board,  the  United 
States  Shipping  Board,  the  Alien  Property  Custodian,  the  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Public  Information,  the  American  Red  Cross,  the  Council 
of  National  Defense,  the  War  Industries  Board,  the  Food  Adminis¬ 
tration,  the  War,  Navy,  and  Treasury  Departments,  and  the  De¬ 
partment  of  Justice.  The  Secretary  of  State  was  represented  on  the 
War  Trade  Board  by  its  chairman.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Public  Information  and  of  the  Central  Committee  of  the 
American  Red  Cross.  For  the  coordination  of  the  activities  of  other 
organizations  with  those  of  the  State  Department  liaison  officers 
were  designated.  The  department  cooperated  with  the  War  Trade 
Board  in  the  operation  of  the  trading  with  the  enemy  act  and  in 
the  creation  of  export  and  import  embargoes,  with  the  United 
States  Shipping  Board  in  securing  foreign  tonnage,  with  the  War 
Industries  Board  in  the  procurement  from  other  countries  of  ma¬ 
terials  necessary  for  American  military  operations,  with  the  Treas¬ 
ury  Department  in  making  loans  to  the  allies,  and  with  the  De¬ 
partment  of  Justice  in  the  detection  and  apprehension  of  enemy 
agents. 


Publications  and  Records 

Executive  Orders  and  Proclamations 

As  the  Secretary  of  State  attests  and  promulgates  all  Executive 
Orders  and  Proclamations  a  complete  file  of  this  important  material 
for  the  period  of  the  war  is  among  the  records  of  the  Department. 
They  were  published,  as  issued,  by  the  Committee  on  Public  Infor¬ 
mation  in  the  successive  numbers  of  the  Official  Bulletin.  The  Proc¬ 
lamations,  but  not  the  Orders,  are  published  with  the  United  States 
Statutes  at  Large.  Both  Proclamations  and  Orders  are  listed  in  the 
Monthly  Catalogue  of  Public  Documents  and  are  filed  according 


STATE  DEPARTMENT 


29 


to  classification  in  the  library  of  the  Superintendent  of  Documents. 
The  Library  of  Congress,  Manuscript  Division,  has  them  in  bound 
volumes  in  chronological  order,  and  there  is  a  copy  in  the  library  of 
the  United  States  Senate.  Complete  sets  are  no  longer  obtainable. 


Diplomatic  and  Consular  Correspondence 

Diplomatic  Correspondence  with  Belligerent  Governments  relating  to 
Neutral  Rights  and  Commerce  (Washington,  1915-1918,  4  volumes, 
1122  pages).  Contraband  of  war,  restraints  on  commerce,  violations 
of  neutrality  by  belligerent  warships,  defensive  armament,  internment  of 
ships,  submarines,  and  armed  merchant-men,  status  of  consuls,  maritime 
danger  zones. 

The  diplomatic  correspondence  relating  to  the  World  War,  which 
had  been  compiled  for  publication  under  the  title  “A  History  of 
the  World  War  as  Shown  by  the  Records  in  the  Department  of 
State,”  will  be  published  as  appendixes  to  the  volumes  of  Foreign 
Relations  for  the  years  current  wdth  the  war. 

Some  materials  w'hich  were  printed  by  the  department  but  never 
published  are  in  the  department  library  and  available  for  consulta¬ 
tion  by  qualified  students  with  such  restrictions  as  to  use  as  are 
warranted  by  the  subject  in  question.  The  department  does  not 
permit  the  use  of  correspondence  from  other  governments  without 
the  permission  of  the  government  with  which  the  document  in  ques¬ 
tion  originated. 

List  of  Articles  Embargoed  by  Neutral  European  Countries.  (De¬ 
partment  of  State,  December  15,  1914.) 

A  Report  by  the  Secretary  of  State.  (Senate  Document  No.  396,  66th 
Congress,  third  session.  18  pages.)  Information  received  by  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  State  in  response  to  the  instructions  sent  to  consular  officers  of 
the  United  States  in  foreign  countries  where  American  cotton  is  con¬ 
sumed.  February,  1921. 

The  reports  of  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce 
which  were  issued  during  the  war  period  by  the  Department  of 
Commerce  were  drawn  in  large  part  from  consular  correspondence 
supplied  by  the  Department  of  State.  When  the  files  of  the  depart- 


30 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


ment,  including  those  of  the  War  Trade  Board,  become  available  for 
research  much  material  in  addition  to  what  has  been  printed  Avill  be 
found. 


Petitions  and  Protests  from  Business  Organizations 

Covering  the  period  from  the  outbreak  of  the  war  until  the 
United  States  entered  it,  there  is  in  the  Bureau  of  Indexes  and  Ar¬ 
chives  a  large  mass  of  correspondence  from  chambers  of  commerce 
and  heads  of  business  concerns  in  aU  parts  of  the  country  peti¬ 
tioning  or  protesting  against  the  blockade  and  seizures,  correspond¬ 
ence,  also,  regarding  contraband.  Some  of  this  material  was  a  form 
of  pro-German  propaganda,  but  the  greater  part  of  it  is  a  product 
of  industrial  distress.  The  protests  are  particularly  vigorous  from 
States  producing  cotton,  copper,  tobacco,  and  naval  stores,  but  they 
came  also  from  importers  and  from  representatives  of  industries 
that  were  only  indirectly  affected  and  the  substance  of  their  gen¬ 
eral  contention  was  that  bankruptcy  would  ensue  if  rehef  were  not 
afforded.  The  following,  with  names  omitted,  are  illustrative : 

July  29,  1914.  A.B.  to  the  Secretary  of  Agricultural.  Believes  that 
Europe  could  use  150,000,000  bushels  of  American  wheat  in  a  year  at 
good  prices,  and  asks  if  there  is  any  way  that  “our  Government  could 
arrange  with  the  Powers  abroad  that  .  .  .  our  wheat  would  be  free  of 
capture  and  confiscation,  irrespective  of  the  flag  the  freighter  may 
carry.” 

August  6,  1914,  P.S.  Company  to  the  State  Department.  Suggests 
government  insurance  of  importers  and  manufacturers  of  foodstuffs 
expecting  cargoes  in  neutral  bottoms  from  neutral  ports  as  a  means  of 
preventing  a  great  increase  in  the  cost  of  food  supplies. 

November  6,  1914.  A.B.  to  the  State  Department.  Urges  the  State 
Department  to  see  that  American  tanners  are  not  prevented  from  ob¬ 
taining  leather  from  Canada  and  Australia. 

November  7,  1914.  The  A.R.  Company  to  J.  P.  Tumulty.  .  We 
respectfully  ask  if  you  will  see  that  representations  are  made  to  Eng¬ 
land  to  keep  them  from  declaring  Magnesite  as  a  contraband  of  war, 
as  this  would  be  a  serious  crippling  to  our  Company,  our  Austrian 
Company,  and  all  of  the  Steel  Works  of  the  United  States.  I  urgently 
ask  if  you  will  not  do  me  the  favor,  of  having  the  State  Department  take 
this  up  at  once,  in  the  most  vigorous  way  they  can.” 

January  16,  1915.  A.B.  to  the  President  of  the  United  States.  Urges 


STATE  DEPARTMENT 


31 


that  an  embargo  be  placed  on  all  exports  which  in  any  way  affect  the 
prices  of  foodstuffs  that  the  poor  of  the  American  people  may  cease 
wondering  how  they  are  going  to  live  with  the  high  cost  of  food  at  a 
time  when  the  country  is  blessed  with  the  banner  crops  of  its  entire  his¬ 
tory. 

January  20,  1915.  A.B.  to  President  Wilson.  “The  present  indus¬ 
trial  condition  of  the  United  States  warrants  that  you  immediately 
place  an  embargo  on  the  exportation  of  wheat  and  all  other  food  prod¬ 
ucts,  that  are  now  held  at  abnormal  values,  caused  by  the  wild  demand 
of  foreign  countries.  We  will  soon  have  our  larders  depleted,  and  this, 
the  greatest  producing  Nation  on  Earth,  will  be  on  the  brink  of  starva¬ 
tion.” 

January  25,  1915.  A.B.  to  Woodrow  Wilson.  Nearly  all  the  people 
the  writer  had  met  while  travelling  in  Iowa  were  strongly  in  favor  of 
an  embargo  upon  the  shipment  of  contraband  of  war  and  food  to  the 
warring  nations  of  Europe. 

February  6,  1915.  The  H.G.  Company  to  the  State  Department. 
“Inasmuch  as  the  shipping  conditions  or  importation  of  goods  from 
Germany  is  becoming  more  acute  every  hour,  we  are  considerably 
alarmed  .  .  .  Our  merchandise  is  all  manufactured  in  the  Kingdom  of 
Saxony  .  .  .  and  the  sole  life  of  our  business  is  dependable  upon  its 
safe  arrival  in  the  United  States  .  .  .  We  insist  that  our  communica¬ 
tion  be  taken  up  by  wire  with  Mr.  Gerard,  as  well  as  our  Consul  at 
Chemnitz,  and  some  definite  policy  outlined  to  us.” 

March  10,  1915.  M.C.  Company  to  Department  of  State.  Earnestly 
and  strenuously  protest  against  the  British  blockade  preventing  them 
from  importing  merchandise  from  Germany. 

March  10,  1915.  R.J.M.  Company  to  President  Wilson.  “As  all  mer¬ 
chandise  ordered  by  this  Company  becomes  ipso  facto  American  prop¬ 
erty  at  the  time  of  ordering  ...  As  all  our  stock  is  held  by  natural 
bom  American  citizens,  we  respectfully  ask  that  this  Government  make 
the  proper  and  necessary  representation  to  the  respective  French  and 
British  Governments,  in  order  to  properly  inspire  the  protection  of 
American  import  rights  involved.” 

March  12,  1915.  A.  and  Company,  dealers  in  art  calendars,  to  the 
State  Department.  If  prevented  from  receiving  importations  from  Ger¬ 
many  business  will  be  entirely  disrupted. 

March  15,  1915.  A.  and  Company  to  Woodrow  Wilson.  A  vigorous 
protest  against  the  British  regulation  of  traffic  in  cotton  between  the 
United  States  and  the  neutral  countries  of  Europe. 


32 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


March  18,  1915.  A  representative  of  the  B.K.  Mills  to  President  Wil¬ 
son.  A  protest  against  the  action  of  France  and  England  in  putting  ani¬ 
line  dyestuffs  on  the  list  of  contraband  of  war.  “We  turn  out  a  milhon 
dollars  worth  of  high  grade  ladies’  hosiery  per  year  and  employ  500  to 
600  people  ...  In  one  month  to  six  weeks,  we  wiU  be  obliged  to  shut 
down  our  mill  and  throw  all  our  people  out  of  employment  unless  the 
American  public  is  satisfied  to  wear  hosiery  in  the  gray  without  being 
dyed  or  in  the  bleached.  It  will  mean  a  tremendous  loss  to  us  and  to  all 
other  concerns  in  the  hosiery  business,  if  this  condition  is  not  relieved.” 

March  26,  1915.  The  A.B.G.  Company  to  Hon.  William  J.  Bryan. 
Protest  against  the  embargo  placed  by  England  and  France  which  af¬ 
fected  the  importation  of  chemicals.  “We  state  unhesitatingly  that  if 
such  restraint  of  trade  is  allowed  to  stand,  we,  as  well  as  other  con¬ 
cerns,  will  be  on  the  brink  of  bankruptcy  within  a  very  short  time,  be¬ 
ing  dependent  upon  Germany  for  the  necessary  chemicals  of  our  prod¬ 
uct,  namely.  Potash,  Selenium,  Cadmium,  Sulphide,  Arsenic,  Manganese 
Oxide,  Tin  Oxide,  as  weU  as  German  Clay,  it  being  the  only  clay  that 
can  be  used  in  glass  manufacturing.” 

March  30,  1915.  A.B.  to  the  State  Department.  Enters  his  emphatic 
protest  against  the  interference  with  commerce  which  has  completely 
shut  oflP  his  supply  of  woolens  from  Germany  and  Austria.  Wants  to 
know  if  there  is  any  way  of  getting  redress  for  the  losses  incurred  and 
states  that  “a  continuance  of  present  conditions  means  the  closing  of 
the  department.” 

May  17,  1915.  The  Merchants  Association  of  New'York  to  the  Secre¬ 
tary  of  State.  Requests  that  efforts  be  made  to  have  the  British  blockade 
order  so  modified  as  to  permit  the  importation  of  azaleas  from  Belgium. 
“The  Fall  shipments  of  Belgian  plants  represent  a  value  of  approxi¬ 
mately  $450,000,  dutiable  at  25  per  cent  ad  valorem.  If  this  embargo 
continues  over  the  Fall  season,  the  U.S.  will  lose  $112,500  in  revenue 
.  .  .  and  the  florists  of  the  U.S.  will  suffer  immeasurably  by  having  no 
Azaleas  to  force  and  sell  for  the  Christmas  and  Easter  seasons.” 

July  15,  1915.  N.B.S.  Company  to  Robert  Lansing.  “It  seems  rather 
hard  for  us  here  to  believe  and  understand  .  .  .  that  we  here  in  America 
cannot  secure  non-contraband  goods  in  neutral  vessels  simply  because 
these  goods  originated  either  in  Austria  or  Germany.” 

July  24,  1915.  N.S.  Company  to  Robei’t  Lansing.  “We  have  con¬ 
siderable  trade  with  Denmark  in  field  seeds  and  grass  seeds,  which  are 
non-contraband  articles,  but  the  provision  now  required  in  obtaining  the 
bill  of  lading  makes  it  impossible  for  us  to  export  any  of  these  goods,  for 
the  reason  that  when  the  goods  are  paid  for  here  our  control  on  them 


STATE  DEPARTMENT 


33 


ceases.  We  are  unable  to  tell  at  any  time  the  ultimate  disposition  of 
goods  when  they  pass  into  another  owner’s  hands.” 

September  13,  1915.  T.B.  to  Hon.  F.  N.  Simmons,  wants  the  State 
Department  to  use  its  good  offices  with  the  British  and  French  Gov¬ 
ernments  to  get  permission  for  cargoes  of  licorice  root  to  come  from 
Turkey  to  the  United  States  by  way  of  the  Dardanelles.  “As  you  know 
chewing  tobacco  cannot  be  manufactured  without  Licorice  and  if  the 
manufacture  of  tobacco  stops  the  Government  revenue  will  be  seriously 
affected.” 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  TREASURY 


Functions 

The  Treasury  Department,  administered  under  the  direction  and 
control  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  is  charged  with  the  formu¬ 
lation  of  national  financial  policies,  the  management  of  the  national 
finances,  the  enforcement  of  government  regulation  of  banking,  and 
the  supervision  of  the  Public  Health  Service.  During  the  war  the  de¬ 
partment  assisted  in  the  execution  of  the  espionage  act  of  June  15, 
1917,  and  the  trading  with  the  enemy  act  of  October  6,  1917 ;  ren¬ 
dered  decisions  interpreting  the  revenue  laws  which  drew  revenue 
from  many  new  sources  but  principally  from  the  incomes  of  indi¬ 
viduals  and  corporations;  established  the  War  Loan  Organization 
and  determined  the  dates,  terms,  and  amounts  of  the  Liberty  loans, 
and  the  methods  of  marketing  Liberty  bonds  and  war  savings  stamps ; 
organized  the  Foreign  Loan  Bureau  and  determined  the  procedure 
in  extending  credits  to  the  allies ;  administered  the  federal  farm  loan 
act  with  a  view  to  financing  the  farmers  in  war  time ;  organized  the 
Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insurance  to  administer  acts  of  Congress  pro¬ 
viding  for  marine  insurance,  insurance  of  officers  and  crews  of  mer¬ 
chant  vessels,  insurance  of  soldiers  and  sailors,  and  allotments  and 
allowances  to  their  families ;  and  was  responsible  for  the  administra¬ 
tion  of  the  Public  Health  Service,  in  direct  charge  of  the  Surgeon 
General,  for  the  protection  of  the  health  of  the  military  forces  in 
civilian  territory. 

Division  of  Customs.  The  Division  of  Customs  was  in  charge  of 
an  assistant  secretary  who  rendered  decisions  interpreting  customs 
laws.  Besides  collecting  the  customs  duties,  the  division  was  required 
by  the  espionage  and  trading  with  the  enemy  acts  (1)  to  make  use 
of  certificates  of  citizenship  and  identification  cards,  and  to  guard 
and  search  vessels  for  preventing  enemy  agents  or  unauthorized 
persons  from  entering  into  or  departing  from  the  United  States; 
(2)  check  import  entries  and  export  declarations  with  licenses  there¬ 
for  issued  by  the  War  Trade  Board;  maintain  a  general  surveil¬ 
lance  over  tugs  and  motor  boats  for  the  prevention  of  damage  to 
shipping  by  the  illegal  lading  or  unlading  of  stowaways  and  mer- 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 


35 


chandise,  or  by  unlicensed  conununications,  and  supervise  the  an¬ 
chorage  and  movement  of  vessels  for  the  same  purpose.  The  division 
collected  and  compiled  special  statistics  for  the  use  of  the  War 
Trade  Board,  the  United  States  Shipping  Board,  and  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Commerce  in  the  prosecution  of  the  war. 

Internal  Revenue  Service.  This  service  was  in  charge  of  the 
Bureau  of  Internal  Revenue  assisted  by  field  forces.  The  bureau, 
organized  in  several  divisions,  was  under  the  direction  of  the  Com¬ 
missioner  of  Internal  Revenue  assisted  by  deputy  commissioners,  a 
supervisor  of  collectors,  and  a  chief  revenue  agent.  The  field  forces 
were  under  the  immediate  supervision  of  sixty-four  internal  revenue 
collectors  and  thirty-one  internal  revenue  agents.  The  main  business 
of  the  service  during  the  war  and  the  period  of  readjustment  was 
the  collection  of  the  taxes  imposed  by  the  war  revenue  act  of  Octo¬ 
ber  3.  1917,  and  the  revenue  act  of  February  24,  1919,  more  than 
two-thirds  of  which  consisted  of  taxes  on  incomes  of  individuals  and 
corporations,  and  the  balance  largely  of  taxes  on  distilled  spirts, 
alcoholic  beverages,  tobacco,  public  utilities,  and  sales.  To  assist  in 
analyzing  and  interpreting  the  war  revenue  act  of  1917,  representa¬ 
tive  business  and  professional  men  were  appointed  to  serve  as  “ex¬ 
cess  profits  advisers.”  Subsequently  members  of  this  group,  supple¬ 
mented  by  a  number  of  public  accountants,  auditors,  and  accounting 
clerks,  were  organized  into  a  special  unit  knowm  as  Excess  Profits 
Tax  Reviewers  and  charged  with  the  auditing  of  certain  classes  of 
particularly  difficult  returns  and  the  rendering  of  decisions  in  cer¬ 
tain  appeal  cases.  The  unit  was  superseded  by  an  Advisory  Tax 
Board  which  served  until  October,  1919,  when,  the  more  difficult 
cases  having  been  decided,  it  was  dissolved.  The  interpretations  of 
the  war-time  revenue  acts,  as  rendered  by  the  Commissioner  of  In¬ 
ternal  Revenue,  vdth  the  assistance  mentioned  and  vdth  the  ap¬ 
proval  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  are  contained  in  the  Treas¬ 
ury  Decisions,  Internal  Revenue. 

An  incidental  function  of  the  Internal  Revenue  Service  during 
the  war  was  undertaken  for  the  conservation  of  man  power  and  war 
materials  through  the  enforcement  of  the  laws  prohibiting  or  limit¬ 
ing  the  consumption  of  food  products  by  distilleries  and  breweries 
and  the  suppression,  in  some  instances,  of  the  illicit  manufacture 
and  sale  of  intoxicants  and  narcotic  drugs. 


36 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


War  Loan  Organization.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  was  the 
directing  force  of  each  of  five  campaigns  for  the  sale  of  Liberty 
bonds.  For  the  general  supervision  of  activities  a  War  Loan  Or¬ 
ganization  was  created  with  a  director,  a  Bureau  of  Publicity,  a 
Speakers’  Bureau,  the  twelve  federal  reserve  banks  as  centers  of 
the  organization  in  their  respective  districts.  Liberty  loan  commit¬ 
tees  in  every  part  of  the  country,  and,  for  the  mobilization  of  women 
in  the  service,  a  National  Woman’s  Liberty  Loan  Committee.  Ac¬ 
tivities  for  the  sale  of  war-savings  certificates  were  directed  by  a 
branch  of  the  War  Loan  Organization,  the  National  War-Savings 
Committee,  which  organized  state,  county,  city,  and  town  commit¬ 
tees. 

Bureau  of  Foreign  Loans.  Loans  to  foreign  governments,  for 
which  Congress  appropriated  ten  billion  dollars,  were  under  the 
supervision  of  a  Bureau  of  Foreign  Loans,  which  was  in  charge  of 
an  assistant  secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

Federal  Farm  Loan  System.  The  federal  farm  loan  act  of  July 
17,  1916,  established  a  federal  farm  loan  system  embracing  (1)  a 
Federal  Farm  Loan  Board,  with  a  bureau  which  was  organized  in 
four  divisions:  (a)  Division  of  Charters  and  Reports,  (b)  Ap¬ 
praisement  Division,  (c)  Bond  Division,  and  (d)  Division  of  Sta¬ 
tistics  and  Economics ;  (2)  twelve  federal  land  banks,  one  for  each 
of  twelve  federal  land  bank  districts  into  which  the  continental 
United  States  exclusive  of  Alaska  is  divided;  (3)  joint-stock  land 
banks;  (4)  thousands  of  national  farm  loan  associations.  The  Fed¬ 
eral  Farm  Loan  Board,  of  which  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  is 
chairman,  organized  and  chartered  the  federal  land  banks,  char¬ 
tered  the  joint-stock  land  banks  and  national  farm  loan  associa¬ 
tions,  controls  the  issue  of  bonds,  fixes  the  rate  of  interest,  and  re¬ 
quires  reports  from  the  banks.  Each  of  the  federal  land  banks  is 
required  to  have  a  subscribed  capital  stock  of  not  less  than  $750,000 
in  shares  of  $5  each.  They  may  issue  and  sell  farm  loan  bonds  and 
act  in  the  capacity  of  financial  agents  of  the  government.  A  joint- 
stock  land  bank  may  be  formed  by  any  number  of  persons,  not  less 
than  ten,  and  be  chartered  when  capital  stock  of  at  least  $250,000 
has  been  subscribed.  These  banks  may  loan  on  farm  mortgage  se¬ 
curity  and  issue  farm  loan  bonds  but  do  not  act  as  financial  agents 
of  the  government.  Loans  are  made  by  the  federal  land  banks  only 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 


37 


to  members  of  national  farm  loan  associations.  Such  an  association 
may  be  formed  by  ten  or  more  persons  who  are  owners  or  about  to 
become  owmers  of  farm  land  quahfied  as  security  for  a  mortgage 
loan  and  desiring  to  borrow  an  aggregate  of  not  less  than  $20,000. 
Only  borrowers  on  farm  land  mortgages  may  be  members  of  an 
association  and  before  a  member  can  obtain  a  loan  the  association 
must  subscribe  for  capital  stock  to  the  amount  of  five  per  cent  of 
the  loan  applied  for.  An  amendment,  January  18,  1918,  to  the  fed¬ 
eral  farm  loan  act  was  a  war  measure  authorizing  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury  to  purchase  bonds  of  federal  land  banks  to  the  amount 
of  $100,000,000  a  year  during  the  fiscal  years  1918  and  1919.  The 
bonds  so  purchased  were  to  be  redeemed  or  repurchased  after  the 
war,  but  the  provisions  of  the  amendment  were  extended  to  the  fiscal 
years  1920  and  1921  by  a  joint  resolution  of  May  26,  1920. 

The  federal  land  banks  were  organized  in  February  and  March, 
1917,  and  from  their  first  operations  were  important  war  agencies 
in  that  they  increased  the  volume  and  decreased  the  cost  of  agricul¬ 
tural  production.  In  his  report  for  1918  the  Secretary  of  the  Treas¬ 
ury  affirms  that  the  federal  farm  loan  system,  “granting  long-time 
loans  at  reasonable  rates  of  interest,  has  unquestionably  saved  the 
farmers  of  the  United  States  from  many  exactions,  foreclosures,  and 
denial  of  financial  accommodations  ...  It  has  constituted  the 
great  governmental  agency  for  financing  the  basic  industry  of  the 
United  States — that  of  agriculture.” 

Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insurance.  This  bureau  was  originally  de¬ 
signed  as  an  instrument  for  the  maintenance  of  the  foreign  com¬ 
merce  of  the  United  States  when,  in  1914,  it  was  “greatly  impeded 
and  endangered  through  the  absence  of  adequate  facilities  for  the 
insurance  of  American  vessels  and  their  cargoes  against  the  risks 
of  war.”  It  was  established  by  the  war  risk  insurance  act  of  Sep¬ 
tember  2,  1914,  to  provide  for  insurance  of  United  States  vessels, 
their  cargoes  and  freight,  against  loss  or  damage  by  the  risks  of 
war,  whenever  it  should  appear  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
that  adequate  insurance  on  reasonable  terms  could  not  other^use  be 
secured. 

The  insurance  of  merchant  seamen  against  loss  of  life  or  personal 
injury  by  risks  of  war,  and  compensation  to  them  if  taken  pris¬ 
oners,  was  provided  for  by  an  amendment  of  June  12,  1917. 


38 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


An  amendment  of  October  6,  1917,  vastly  enlarged  the  sphere  of 
the  bureau’s  activities  by  creating  a  division  of  mibtary  and  naval 
insurance.  This  division  not  only  offered  insurance  policies  against 
death  or  total  permanent  disability  to  all  men  in  active  military  or 
naval  service  of  the  United  States  and  to  all  women  in  the  Nurse 
Corps,  but  also  provided  for  medical,  surgical,  and  hospital  service, 
artificial  limbs,  trusses,  and  similar  appliances  for  the  injured,  pro¬ 
vided  compensation  to  the  families  of  those  who  died  or  were  dis¬ 
abled  while  in  the  service,  provided  for  the  allotment  to  his  family 
of  a  portion  of  the  monthly  pay  of  each  enlisted  man,  and  provided, 
in  addition,  for  monthly  allowances  to  the  families  of  enlisted  men. 

Minor  functions  included  the  administration  of  the  insurance 
clauses  of  the  trading  with  the  enemy  act  of  October  6,  1917,  and 
of  the  soldiers’  and  sailors’  civil  relief  act  of  March  8,  1918.  By  an 
act  of  August  9,  1921,  the  bureau  was  converted  into  the  Veterans’ 
Bureau,  which  is  independent  of  the  Treasury  Department  and  has 
the  additional  function  of  vocational  rehabilitation  which  was  trans¬ 
ferred  to  it  from  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education.  Im¬ 
mediately  prior  to  this  change  the  bureau  was  operating  in  eleven 
divisions,  namely.  Marine  and  Seamen’s  Division,  Allotment  and 
Allowance  Division,  Insurance  Division,  Compensation  and  Insur¬ 
ance  Claims  Division,  Medical  Division,  Legal  Division,  Finance 
and  Administrative  Division,  Liaison  Division,  School  Teachers’ 
Retirement  Division,  Personnel  Division,  and  Trading  with  the 
Enemy  Division. 

United  States  Public  Health  Service.  The  United  States  Public 
Health  Service  is  an  evolution  from  the  Marine  Hospital  Service, 
provision  for  which  was  made  in  the  act  of  July  16,  1798,  for  the 
relief  of  sick  and  disabled  seamen.  The  hospital  service  was  devel¬ 
oped  by  an  act  of  April  29,  1878,  into  an  agency  to  prevent  the 
introduction  of  contagious  and  infectious  diseases  into  the  United 
States.  Its  functions  were  extended  by  an  act  of  March  27,  1890,  to 
prevent  the  spread  of  contagious  diseases  from  one  State  to  another. 
Further  development,  promoted  by  legislation,  was  followed  by  a 
change  in  name  to  the  Public  Health  and  Marine  Hospital  Service 
in  1902,  and  to  the  Public  Health  Service  in  1912. 

When  the  United  States  entered  the  war,  the  service,  constituting 
a  bureau  of  the  Treasury  Department  in  direct  charge  of  the  Sur- 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 


39 


geon  General,  was  organized  in  seven  divisions,  namely.  Scientific 
Research,  Domestic  (inter-state)  Quarantine,  Foreign  and  Insular 
(maritime)  Quarantine,  Sanatory  Reports  and  Statistics,  Mari¬ 
time  Hospitals  and  Relief,  Personnel  and  Accounts,  and  Miscellane¬ 
ous.  A  Division  of  Venereal  Diseases  was  added  in  July,  1918. 

The  personnel  and  facilities  of  the  Public  Health  Service  were 
placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  military  forces  by  executive  order  of 
April  3,  1917.  All  sanitary  or  public  health  activities  carried  on 
by  any  executive  bureau  or  office,  especially  created  for  or  con¬ 
cerned  in  the  prosecution  of  the  war,  were  placed  under  the  super¬ 
vision  of  the  Public  Health  Service  by  executive  order  of  July  1, 
1918.  An  Inter-departmental  Social  Hygiene  Board,  consisting  of 
the  Secretary  of  War,  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  as  ex-officio  members,  the  Surgeon  General  of  the 
army,  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  navy,  and  the  Surgeon  General 
of  the  Public  Health  Service,  was  created  by  the  Chamberlain- 
Kahn  act  of  July  9,  1918,  for  the  performance  of  four  duties:  (1) 
to  recommend  rules  and  regulations  for  the  expenditure  of  $1,000,- 
000  allotted  to  the  States  to  assist  them  in  caring  for  civilians  whose 
detention  or  isolation  should  be  found  necessary  for  the  protection 
of  the  military  forces  of  the  United  States  against  venereal  diseases ; 
(2)  to  select  certain  educational  institutions  to  which  $400,000 
should  be  allotted  for  the  purpose  of  discovering  more  effective 
medical  measures  for  the  prevention  and  treatment  of  venereal 
diseases  and  more  effective  educational  measures  for  the  prevention 
of  those  diseases;  (3)  to  recommend  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  the 
Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  general 
measures  to  promote  the  correlation  and  efficiency  of  the  work  in 
venereal  disease  control  in  their  departments;  (4)  to  direct  the 
expenditure  of  $100,000  to  be  used  for  any  purpose  for  which 
appropriations  were  made  by  the  act.  A  Reserve  of  the  Public 
Health  Service,  subject  to  call  to  active  duty  by  the  Surgeon  Gen¬ 
eral  in  time  of  national  emergency,  was  organized  under  a  joint 
resolution  of  Congress,  dated  October  27,  1918. 

The  war  activities  of  the  Public  Health  Service  were  directed 
primarily  toward  the  maintenance  of  the  maximum  man  power  of 
the  United  States  by  promoting  the  efficiency  of  the  public  health 
administration  throughout  the  country,  especially  in  and  about 


40 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


zones  surrounding  military  camps  and  important  industrial  centers 
engaged  in  war  work.  The  work  in  the  extra-cantonment  zones  was 
carried  on  in  cooperation  with  state  and  local  health  officers  and  the 
American  Red  Cross  to  prevent  the  breeding  of  mosquitoes,  protect 
drinking  water,  safeguard  the  milk  supply,  provide  sanitary  hous¬ 
ing,  and  control  communicable  diseases.  The  service  labored  to  pro¬ 
mote  industrial  hygiene  in  the  war  industries ;  engaged  in  scientific 
research  to  determine  relations  of  industrial  fatigue  to  efficiency; 
supervised  the  production  and  use  of  serums,  toxins,  and  analogous 
products;  conducted  a  vigorous  campaign  for  the  control  of  vene¬ 
real  diseases;  furnished  a  mobile  corps  of  nearly  1100  physicians  to 
render  medical  attention  where  most  needed  during  the  pandemic 
of  influenza  in  the  fall  of  1918 ;  cooperated  with  the  Bureau  of  War 
Risk  Insurance  in  providing  medical,  hospital,  and  sanatorium 
care  for  the  beneficiaries  of  that  bureau ;  prepared  and  distributed 
numerous  articles  of  information  regarding  public  health  matters. 

The  after-the-war  program,  prepared  in  May,  1919,  embraces 
measures  for  the  promotion  of  industrial  and  rural  hygiene,  meas¬ 
ures  for  the  prevention  of  diseases  of  infancy  and  childhood,  na¬ 
tional  development  of  safe  water  supplies,  measures  for  the  proper 
disposal  of  sewage,  national  development  of  measures  for  the  con¬ 
trol  of  malaria  and  malaria-bearing  mosquitoes  in  industrially, 
agriculturally,  and  economically  important  areas  of  the  United 
States,  measures  for  the  control  of  venereal  diseases,  a  campaign 
against  tuberculosis,  railway  sanitation,  municipal  sanitation,  es¬ 
tablishment  of  health  standards,  health  education,  collection  of 
morbidity  reports,  and  organization  and  training  for  duty  in  emer¬ 
gency  of  the  Reserve  of  the  Public  Health  Service. 

Publications 

Annual  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  on  the  State  of  the 
Finances  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1917  (Washington,  1917, 
350  pages,  15  statistical  tables).  Embraces  reports  relative  to  opera¬ 
tions  for  the  sale  of  Liberty  bonds  and  war  savings  certificates,  opera¬ 
tions  of  the  federal  reserve  system,  the  customs  service,  and  the  Public 
Health  Service,  reports  relative  to  loans  to  foreign  governments,  war 
risk  insurance,  and  the  immensity  of  the  task  of  the  internal  revenue 


seiwice. 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 


41 


Annual  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  .  .  .  June  30,  1918 
(Washington,  1918,  540  pages,  15  statistical  tables).  Contains  a  state¬ 
ment  showing  the  cost  of  the  war,  and  material  relative  to  the  war  loan 
organization.  Liberty  loans.  Liberty  bonds,  war  savings  certificates. 
War  Finance  Corporation,  Capital  Issues  Committee,  loans  to  foreign 
governments,  foreign  exchange,  federal  reserve  system,  internal  reve¬ 
nue,  customs,  federal  farm  loan  system,  war  risk  insurance,  and  Public 
Health  Service. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  .  .  .  June  30,  1919 
(Washington,  1919,  719  pages,  15  statistical  tables).  Reviews  the  inter¬ 
national  financial  situation  and  contains  material  relative  to  currency 
and  credit  expansion,  cost  of  the  war.  Liberty  loans.  Liberty  bonds,  war 
savings  certificates,  war  loan  organization,  loans  to  foreign  govern¬ 
ments,  federal  farm  loan  system,  federal  reserve  system.  War  Finance 
Corporation,  Capital  Issues  Committee,  internal  revenue,  customs,  war 
risk  insurance,  and  Public  Health  Service. 

Treasury  Decisions  under  Customs  and  Other  Laws  (Vols.  32-37, 
Washington,  1918-1920).  Decisions  interpreting  acts  of  Congress  and 
executive  proclamations  for  the  years  1917-1919,  also  a  few  circulars 
of  instruction  to  collectors  and  surveyors  of  the  customs. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue  for  the  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30,  1917  (Washington,  1917,  265  pages).  Income  tax, 
estate  tax,  munition  manufacturers’  tax,  and  illicit  distilling.  Among  a 
number  of  statistical  tables  is  one  showing  the  receipts  from  the  several 
sources  of  internal  revenue. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue  .  .  .  June 
30, 1918  (Washington,  1918, 188  pages).  New  era  of  taxation,  war  reve¬ 
nue,  and  statistical  work.  The  report  deals  separately  with  each  object 
of  internal  tax  and  eighty-six  statistical  tables  exhibit,  in  various  phases, 
the  returns  of  the  war  revenue  act  of  October  3,  1917. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue  .  .  .  June 
30,  1919  (Washington,  1919,  244  pages).  Revenue  act  of  1918,  Ad¬ 
visory  Tax  Board,  regulations,  administrative  rulings,  solicitor  of  in¬ 
ternal  revenue,  field  service,  observance  and  enforcement  of  internal  reve¬ 
nue  laws,  bureau  organization,  objects  of  taxation,  statistical  tables. 

Treasury  Decisions  under  Internal  Revenue  Laws  of  the  United  States 
(Vols.  19-21,  Washington,  1918-1920).  Decisions  interpreting  acts  of 
Congress  relating  to  the  internal  revenue  for  the  years  1917-1919,  also 
some  regulations  and  rulings  of  the  Treasury  Department  relative  to 
internal  revenue. 


42 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Digest  of  Treasury  Decisions  relating  to  Internal  Revenue  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1921,  666  pages).  Alphabetically  arranged.  Covers  the  period 
from  September,  1916,  to  the  close  of  the  year  1920. 

Digest  of  Income  Tax  Rulings,  Nos.  1-1159  (Washington,  1920,  335 
pages).  Administrative  rulings  are  published  at  frequent  intervals  both 
in  separate  and  cumulative  bulletins. 

Regulations  Jt.5,  relating  to  the  Income  Tax  and  Excess  Profits  Tax 
under  the  Revenue  Act  of  1918  (Washington,  1919,  164  pages).  Regu¬ 
lations  are  published  for  the  instruction  of  the  field  officers  and  the  in¬ 
formation  of  the  public. 

Internal  Revenue  Laws  in  Force  May  1,  1920  (Washington,  1920, 
1035  pages).  An  appendix  contains  laws  of  a  general  nature  and  mis¬ 
cellaneous  provisions  applicable  to  the  administration  of  the  internal 
revenue  laws. 

Statistics  of  Income  (Washington,  1918,  391  pages).  Compiled  from 
the  returns  for  1916 ;  a  social  and  sectional  analysis  of  income  tax  re¬ 
turns. 

For  a  thorough  study  of  the  nation’s  finances  during  the  war  and 
the  period  of  readjustment  the  following  publications  are  essential: 

Estimates  of  Appropriations  Required  for  the  Service  of  the  Fiscal 
Year  ending  June  30,  1918  (Washington,  1916,  1041  pages).  Trans¬ 
mitted  to  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  by  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  December  4,  1916. 

Digest  of  Appropriations  for  the  Support  of  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  for  the  Service  of  the  Fiscal  Year  ending  June  30,  1918, 
and  on  Account  of  Deficiencies  for  Prior  Years  Made  hy  the  Second  Ses¬ 
sion  of  the  Sixty-Fourth  Congress  and  First  Session  of  the  Sixty-Fifth 
Congress  (Washington,  1918,  674  pages). 

The  same  for  the  fiscal  3’^ears  1919  and  1920. 

Combined  Statement  of  the  Receipts  and  Disbursements,  Balances, 
etc.,  of  the  United  States  during  the  Fiscal  Year  ended  June  30,  1918 
(Washington,  1919,  199  pages).  Transmitted  to  the  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

The  same  for  the  fiscal  years  1919  and  1920. 

Daily  Statement  of  the  United  States  Treasury.  The  daily  issues  of 
three  pages  each  are  bound  in  one  volume  for  each  month.  The  State¬ 
ment  embraces  data  relative  to  assets  and  liabilities,  daily  receipts  and 
cumulative  monthly  receipts  from  the  individual  income  taxes,  the  cor¬ 
poration  income  tax,  and  the  excess  profits  tax. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  December  3, 1917 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 


43 


(Washington,  1918,  2  volumes:  Vol.  1,  234  pages;  Vol.  2,  908  pages). 
The  first  volume  contains  a  brief  review  of  financial  and  business  condi¬ 
tions  in  1917 ;  an  appeal  to  banks  not  to  take  advantage  of  war  condi¬ 
tions  to  exact  high  interest  rates ;  and  a  statement  declaring  that  na¬ 
tional  banks  are  not  authorized  to  subscribe  to  the  Red  Cross  for  relief 
purposes.  The  second  volume  is  statistical. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  December  '2, 1918 
(Washington,  1919,  2  volumes:  Vol.  1,  222  pages;  Vol.  2,  854  pages). 
The  first  volume  contains  some  observations  on  the  patriotism  and  splen¬ 
did  condition  of  the  national  banks  in  war  time  and  their  part  in  the 
sale  of  Liberty  bonds.  The  second  volume  is  statistical. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  December  1, 1919 
(Washington,  1920,  2  volumes:  Vol.  1,  222  pages;  Vol.  2,  909  pages). 
The  first  volume  contains  a  discussion  of  problems  relative  to  national 
banks  in  the  reconstruction  period,  and  of  diminished  production  with 
price  inflation,  and  some  data  relative  to  Liberty  bonds  and  the  federal 
farm  loan  system. 

The  Bureau  of  Publicity  of  the  War  Loan  Organization  issued  a 
number  of  leaflets  and  pamphlets  to  arouse  and  inform  the  public, 
such  as  handbooks  for  speakers,  manuals  for  Boy  Scouts,  lessons  in 
thrift,  and  how  to  win  the  war.  There  are  addresses  by  the  Secre¬ 
tary  of  the  Treasury,  reports  of  conferences,  reports  of  Liberty 
loan  campaigns  and  subscriptions  to  loans  by  federal  reserve  dis¬ 
tricts,  the  National  Woman’s  Liberty  Loan  Committee,  and  the 
War  Loan  Organization,  and  a  few  miscellaneous  publications.  Spe¬ 
cial  attention  is  directed  to  the  following ; 

The  Liberty  Loan  Legislation  (Washington,  1921,  38  pages).  Em¬ 
braces  first  Liberty  bond  act,  consolidated  second  Liberty  bond  act 
amended  and  supplemented,  and  miscellaneous  provisions  of  the  Liberty 
loan  acts  not  included  in  the  consolidated  second  Liberty  bond  act. 

Addresses  by  W.  G.  McAdoo,  Secretary  of  the  Treasury:  Financing 
the  War,  delivered  in  Chicago,  Illinois,  May  17,  1917  (Washington, 

1917,  11  pages)  ;  The  Second  Liberty  Loan,  delivered  at  the  annual 
convention  of  the  American  Bankers’  Association,  at  Atlantic  City, 
September  28,  1917  (Washington,  1917,  16  pages)  ;  The  Second  Lib- 
ery  Loan  and  the  American  Farmer,  delivered  at  Sioux  City,  Iowa, 
October  4,  1917  (Washington,  1917,  13  pages)  ;  The  Third  Liberty 
Loan,  delivered  at  Richmond,  Virginia,  April  8,  1918  (Washington, 

1918,  16  pages)  ;  The  Fourth  Liberty  Loan,  delivered  to  Liberty  loan 


44 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


organizations  and  workers  of  the  second  federal  reserve  district,  at 
New  York,  September  24,  1918. 

Report  of  Liberty  Loan  Conference  at  the  Treasury  Department  De¬ 
cember  10, 11,  and  12  [^917]  (36  pages).  A  consideration  of  organiza¬ 
tion,  sales  management,  and  other  matters  pertaining  to  Liberty  loan 
campaigns. 

Results  of  Fourth  Liberty  Loan  (Washington,  1919,  8  pages).  Con¬ 
tains  statistics  of  subscriptions  by  districts.  States,  and  the  larger 
cities. 

Results  of  Victory  Liberty  Loan  Subscriptions  (Washington,  1919, 
7  pages).  Contains  statistics  of  subscriptions  by  districts,  States,  and 
the  larger  cities. 

Figuregram  for  the  Fifth  or  Victory  Liberty  Loan  m  the  Fourth  Fed¬ 
eral  Reserve  District  (Cleveland,  1919,  88  pages).  Contains  statistical 
data  for  all  four  loans. 

Subscriptions  to  the  F ourth  Liberty  Loan  in  the  .  .  .  Eighth  Federal 
Reserve  District  (Saint  Louis,  1919,  7  volumes  of  16  to  76  pages  each). 
One  volume  for  each  of  seven  States  comprising  the  district:  Illinois, 
Indiana,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  Mississippi,  Arkansas,  and  Missouri. 

Report  of  National  Woman’s  Liberty  Loan  Committee  for  the  Victory 
Loan  Campaign  (Washington,  1920,  164  pages).  Contains  a  report  for 
each  State.  There  is  also  a  report  of  this  committee  for  the  first  and  sec¬ 
ond  campaigns  (Washington,  1918,  43  pages)  ;  for  the  third  campaign 
(Washington,  1918,  32  pages)  ;  and  for  the  fourth  campaign  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1918,  32  pages). 

The  publications  of  the  Federal  Farm  Loan  Board  consist  of 
annual  reports,  circulars  of  information,  and  one  bulletin. 

First  Annual  Report  of  the  Federal  Farm  Loan  Board  (Washington, 
1918,  31  pages).  Covers  the  period  from  the  organization  of  the  board 
to  November  30,  1917.  Chiefly  a  report  relative  to  the  organization  of 
the  farm  loan  system:  district  and  bank  sites,  selection  of  directors, 
stock  subscriptions,  problems  encountered,  interest  rate  and  sale  of 
bonds,  joint-stock  land  banks,  question  as  to  the  utility  of  farm  loan 
associations,  and  statistical  data. 

Second  Annual  Report  of  the  Federal  Farm  Loan  Board,  for  the  year 
ended  November  SO,  1918.  A  report  of  the  first  year  of  operation: 
drought  conditions,  character  of  loan  applications,  limits  of  amount  of 
loans,  title  examination,  interest  rate,  and  statistical  data. 

Third  Annual  Report  of  the  Federal  Farm  Loan  Board,  for  the  year 
ended  November  30, 1919  (Washington,  1920,  30  pages).  Contents :  ap- 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 


45 


praisal  system,  national  farm  loan  associations,  land  speculation,  earn¬ 
ings  of  banks,  purposes  of  loans,  general  assistance  to  agriculture,  and 
statistical  data. 

Circulars : 

No.  1.  National  Farm  Loan  Associations:  Organization,  Manage¬ 
ment,  Powers,  and  Limitations. 

No.  2.  How  Farmers  May  Form  a  National  Farm  Loan  Association. 

No.  3.  The  Improved  Farm  Mortgage:  A  Story  Illustrating  the 
Practical  Application  of  the  Federal  Farm  Loan  Act. 

No.  4.  The  Federal  Farm  Loan  Act.  A  copy. 

No.  5.  The  Farm  Loan  Primer:  .  .  .  Brief  Form  Answers  to  the 
Questions  Most  Frequently  Asked  about  the  Federal  Farm  Loan  Act. 

No.  6.  Farm  Loan  Bonds. 

No.  7.  Killing  off  Mortgages :  A  Description  of  the  Methods  of 
Amortization  and  their  Benefits  to  Borrowers. 

No.  10.  Rules  and  Regulations  of  the  Farm  Loan  Board. 

No.  11.  Amendments  to  the  Federal  Farm  Loan  Act. 

Land  Title  Registration  hy  Certificate  (Washington,  1918,  85  pages) . 
Contains  a  report  on  land  title  registration  laws  in  the  United  States 
and  a  comparative  study  of  land  title  registration  statutes,  and  favors 
the  Torrens  system  simplified  and  adapted  to  constitutional  require¬ 
ments  along  lines  approved  by  United  States  Supreme  Court  decisions. 

The  Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insurance  issued  a  number  of  bulletins 
and  circulars  of  information,  a  booklet  of  regulations,  financial 
statements,  one  informing  annual  report  relative  to  organization 
and  operations,  and  decisions  interpreting  the  acts  under  which  the 
bureau  operated.  The  more  important  pubhcations  are  named  in  the 
following  list. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insurance 
for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30, 1920  (Washington,  1920,  107  pages). 
Consists  mainly  of  an  account  of  the  organization  and  functions  of  the 
bureau  and  each  of  its  divisions.  The  Annual  Report  for  1914  (House 
Document  No.  1340,  63rd  Congress,  3rd  Session,  5  pages)  is  merely  a 
statement  of  receipts  and  expenses.  The  Reports  for  1915  (Ho.  Doc. 
No.  544,  64th  Cong.,  1st  Sess.,  15  pages),  1916  (Ho.  Doc.  No.  1795, 
64th  Cong.,  2nd  Sess.,  5  pages)  and  1917  (Ho.  Doc.  No.  518,  65th 
Cong.,  2nd  Sess.,  5  pages),  are  of  the  same  character,  and  no  report  was 
published  for  1918  or  1919. 


46 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


War  Risk  Insurance  Soldiers'  Compensation  and  Insurance  Laws  and 
Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Civil  Rights  Act  (Washington,  1922,  76  pages). 
Contains  a  copy  of  the  original  war  risk  insurance  act,  amendments  of 
August  11, 1916,  March  3,  June  12,  and  October  6, 1917,  May  20,  June 
25,  and  July  11,  1918,  February  25  and  December  24,  1919,  the  sol¬ 
diers’  and  sailors’  civil  rights  act  of  March  8,  1918,  the  vocational  re¬ 
habilitation  act  of  June  27,  1918,  and  the  act  of  August  9,  1921,  es¬ 
tablishing  the  Veterans’  Bureau. 

Special  Regulations  No.  7^:  Allotments,  Family  Allowances,  Compen¬ 
sation,  and  Insurance  under  War  Risk  Insurance  Act  and  Act  of  March 

1899,  as  Amended  hy  Public  No.  66,  Sixty-Fifth  Congress,  1918 
(Washington,  1918,  58  pages).  Issued  by  the  War  Department  and 
covers  such  matters  as  preparation  and  disposition  of  applications  for 
allotments  and  insurance,  for  changes  and  discontinuance  of  allotments, 
compensation  for  death  or  disability,  government  insurance,  and  the 
like. 

Opinions  of  the  Judge  Advocate  General  of  the  Army,  1918  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  Vol.  2,  1182  pages),  contains  a  number  of  opinions  rela¬ 
tive  to  the  operation  of  the  war  risk  insurance  act. 

Compilation  of  War  Risk  Insurance  Letters,  Treasury  Decisions,  and 
War  Department  Circulars  relating  to  War  Risk  Insurance  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1919,  155  pages).  Interpretation  of  the  war  risk  insurance  act  and 
regulations  for  its  operation. 

Premium  Rates  and  Policy  Values  for  United  States  Government  Life 
Insurance  (Washington,  1919,  103  pages).  Shows  the  cost  and  value 
of  government  insurance  for  enlisted  men  of  all  ages. 

Bulletins : 

No.  1.  Terms  and  Conditions  of  Soldiers’  and  Sailors’  Insurance  (7 
pages). 

No.  2.  What  the  United  States  Government  does  for  its  Fighting 
Men  and  their  Families,  a  Brief  Explanation  of  their  Rights,  their 
Privileges,  and  their  Duties  under  the  War  Risk  Insurance  Act  (4 
pages). 

No.  3.  Family  Allowances,  Allotments,  Compensation,  and  Insur¬ 
ance  for  the  Military  and  Naval  Forces  of  the  United  States.  Pro¬ 
vided  under  Act  of  Congress  approved  October  6,  1917  (69  pages). 

No.  4.  Uncle  Sam’s  Insurance  for  Soldiers  and  Sailors,  Answers  to 
Questions  You  will  ask  (7  pages). 

Military  and  Naval  Insurance  and  Military  and  Naval  Compensation 
Claims  as  a  Result  of  the  World  War  (Washington,  1920,  162  pages). 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 


47 


A  report  containing  classified  statistics  concerning  the  deaths  and  dis¬ 
abilities  resulting  from  the  war  with  relation  to  the  payment  of  mili¬ 
tary  and  naval  insurance  and  compensation  as  provided  by  the  war  risk 
insurance  act. 

The  publications  of  the  Public  Health  Service  consist  of  annual 
reports,  public  health  reports,  bulletins,  miscellaneous  publications, 
and  a  “Keep  Well”  series  of  small  pamphlets.  Particular  attention 
is  directed  to  the  following : 

Annual  Report  of  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  Public  Health  Service 
of  the  United  States  for  the  Fiscal  Year  1917  (Washington,  1917,  387 
pages).  Surveys  of  extra-cantonment  areas,  annual  conference  with 
state  and  territorial  health  authorities,  prevalence  of  disease  in  the 
United  States. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  Public  Health  Service  of 
the  United  States  for  the  Fiscal  Year  1918  (Washington,  1918,  373 
pages).  Sanitary  surveys  of  navy  yards  and  of  plants  making  war 
materials,  medical  and  surgical  care  of  industrial  workers,  industrial 
fatigue,  mine  sanitation,  extra-cantonment  sanitation  for  the  protec¬ 
tion  of  the  military  forces. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  Public  Health  Service  of 
the  United  States  for  the  Fiscal  Year  1919  (Washington,  1919,  346 
pages).  Activities  of  the  Public  Health  Service  in  combating  the  influ¬ 
enza  epidemic,  extra-cantonment  zone  sanitation,  prevalence  of  disease 
in  extra-cantonment  zones,  the  campaign  against  venereal  diseases. 

Public  Health  Reports  (weekly).  Each  number,  usually  of  30  to  40 
pages,  contains  information  relative  to  the  prevalence  of  disease  and 
one  or  more  articles  on  miscellaneous  subjects  such  as: 

“War  Program  of  the  Public  Health  Service,  Intended  especially  for 
Extra-Cantonment  Areas  and  War  Industry  Centers”  (September  27, 
1918,  8  pages). 

“War  Activities  of  the  United  States  Health  Service”  (June  6,  1919, 
27  pages). 

“Program  of  the  Public  Health  Service,  Intended  especially  to  Meet 
After-the-War  Needs”  (May  9, 1919,  8  pages). 

“Trachoma  and  the  Army — the  Dangers  incident  to  enlisting  Re¬ 
cruits  affected  with  the  Disease”  (July  13,  1917,  4  pages). 

“Mitigation  of  Heat  Hazards  in  Industries”  (December  14,  1917,  11 
pages). 


48 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


“Extra-Cantonment  Zone  Sanitation,  Camp  Shelby”  (December  21, 
1917,  16  pages). 

“Industrial  Efficiency”  (January  11,  1918,  7  pages). 

“Morbidity  Statistics  of  War  Industries  Needed”  (February  1, 1918, 

6  pages). 

“A  State-Wide  Plan  for  the  Prevention  of  Venereal  Diseases”  (Febru¬ 
ary  22, 1918,  16  pages). 

“Suggestions  for  State  Board  of  Health  Regulations  for  the  Pre¬ 
vention  of  Venereal  Diseases”  (March  29,  1918,  7  pages). 

“Progress  in  Venereal  Disease  Control”  (May  24,  1918,  6  pages). 

“Regulations  for  Allotment  of  Funds  for  Venereal-Disease  Preven¬ 
tion  Work”  (September  13, 1918,  4  pages). 

“Methods  of  Field  Study  of  Industrial  Fatigue”  (March  15,  1918, 

7  pages). 

“The  Dietary  Deficiency  of  Cereal  Foods  with  reference  to  their  Con¬ 
tent  in  Anti-Neuritic  Vitamine”  (May  3,  1918,  22  pages). 

“Influenza  Studies”  (August  8, 1918,  41  pages). 

“A  Comparison  of  the  Mortality  Rates  by  Weeks  during  the  Influ¬ 
enza  Epidemic  of  1889-1890  and  during  the  Primary  Stage  of  the  In¬ 
fluenza  Epidemic  of  1918  in  twelve  Cities  in  the  United  States”  (Janu¬ 
ary  31,  1919,  8  pages). 

Laws  and  Comptroller's  Decisions  pertaining  to  the  United  States 
Public  Health  Service  (Washington,  1922,  133  pages).  A  supplement  to 
the  Public  Health  Reports. 

Transactions  of  the  Sixteenth  Annual  Conference  of  State  and  Terri¬ 
torial  Health  Officers  with  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service,  held 
at  Washington,  D.  C.,  June  3  and  Jf,  1918  (Washington,  1919,  149 
pages).  This  is  Public  Health  Bulletin  No.  96.  The  principal  subjects 
discussed  are :  relation  to  public  health  of  industrial  hygiene  and  sanita¬ 
tion,  especially  in  war  industries  ;  sanitation  of  extra-cantonment  areas, 
especially  as  related  to  the  work  of  state  and  local  health  authorities ; 
venereal  diseases — their  control,  with  reference  to  the  relation  of  the 
United  States  Public  Health  Service  to  States  and  cities  in  handling 
this  problem ;  use  of  records  of  drafted  men  for  public  health  purposes ; 
trachoma,  its  bearing  on  the  public  health  and  the  military  forces ;  hook¬ 
worm  disease,  the  importance  of  its  prevalence  and  control  among  the 
military  forces;  effects  on  the  public  health  of  the  forthcoming  short¬ 
age  in  the  medical  profession ;  railroad  water  supplies ;  public  health 
work  in  war  time. 

Transactions  of  the  Seventeenth  Annual  Conference  of  State  and  Ter- 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 


49 


ritorial  Health  Officers  with  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service, 
held  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  June  If.  and  5, 1919  (Washington,  1920,  124 
pages).  This  is  Public  Health  Bulletin  No.  105.  Mainly  a  discussion  of 
an  after-the-war  program. 

Studies  of  the  Medical  and  Surgical  Care  of  Industrial  Workers,  by 
C.  D.  Selby  (Washington,  1919, 115  pages).  This  is  Public  Health  Bulle¬ 
tin  No.  99.  Deals  with  relation  of  medical  service  to  industry,  relation 
of  medical  departments  to  industrial  organizations,  special  practitioners 
in  industry,  activities  of  industrial  medical  departments,  etc. 

Publications  of  the  United  States  Public  Health  Service  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1921, 104  pages).  Contains  complete  lists  of  the  publications  in  book 
form. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  WAR 


The  non-military  activities  of  the  Department  of  War  during  the 
period  of  the  emergency  centered  around  the  major  problems  of 
procurement,  equipment  and  supply,  shelter,  transportation,  train¬ 
ing,  and  the  maintenance  of  morale.  The  organization  of  the  de¬ 
partment  underwent  an  almost  constant  process  of  modification 
until  there  had  been  evolved,  toward  the  close  of  the  period,  an 
effective  machine  of  fitted  parts.  The  closely  related  bureaus,  which 
competed  with  each  other  for  essential  supplies  in  1917,  were  by  the 
end  of  1918  subordinated  to  the  General  Staff,  which  had  developed 
the  means  of  coordinating  the  economic  activities  of  the  entire  sys¬ 
tem.  The  stages  of  their  evolution  are  set  forth  in  detail  in  the  Re¬ 
port  of  the  Chief  of  Staff,  1919  (see  below) . 

General  Publications 

The  following  publications  of  a  more  or  less  general  character, 
which  do  not  appropriately  come  under  any  one  of  the  subordinate 
parts  of  this  section  of  the  survey,  should  be  noted. 

Report  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  1917  (Washington,  1918,  123 
pages).  Enlargement  of  the  army  ;  training  camps ;  cantonments ;  army 
contracts  ;  Commission  on  Training  Camp  Activities  ;  supphes ;  expendi¬ 
tures  ;  estimates  and  appropriations. 

Report  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  1918  (Washington,  1919,  143 
pages).  Education;  morale;  settlement  of  war  contracts;  liquidation  of 
international  obligations ;  sales  and  liquidation  abroad ;  settlement  of 
claims  in  the  United  States ;  appropriations,  expenditures,  and  bal¬ 
ances. 

America’s  Munitions,  1917-1918  (Washington,  1919,  892  pages). 
This  volume  constitutes  the  final  report  of  Benedict  Crowell,  assistant 
secretary  of  war  and  director  of  munitions.  It  is  a  compilation  of 
considerable  value,  by  various  hands,  illustrated  with  tables,  graphic 
charts,  photographs,  etc.,  and  organized  in  seven  “Books”  devoted  to 
Ordnance,  Air  Service,  Engineer  Corps,  Chemical  Warfare,  Quarter¬ 
master  Activities,  Construction  Division,  Signal  Corps.  With  a  few 
changes  it  is  reproduced  in  Volumes  IV  and  V  oi  How  America  Went  to 
War  (New  Haven,  1921),  by  Benedict  Crowell  and  Robert  F.  Wilson. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


51 


The  volume  is  marked  by  a  tone  of  optimism  and  of  satisfaction  with  the 
performance  which  it  records. 

A  Report  of  the  Activities  of  the  W ar  Department  in  the  Field  of  In¬ 
dustrial  Relations  during  the  War  (Washington,  1919,  90  pages). 
Early  policies ;  establishment  of  labor  boards  and  commissions  to  ad¬ 
just  controversies;  administrative  agencies;  relations  with  the  Na¬ 
tional  War  Labor  Board  and  the  War  Labor  Policies  Board. 

Report  of  the  Chairman  on  Training  Camp  Activities,  1918  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1918,  23  pages).  Athletics,  social  hygiene,  law  enforcement, 
music,  the  Liberty  theater. 

Report  to  the  Secretary  of  War  on  the  Activities  of  Welfare  Organi¬ 
zations  Serving  with  the  A.E.F.,  by  Raymond  B.  Fosdick,  chairman  of 
the  Commission  on  Training  Camp  Activities,  War  Department  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  14  pages).  Too  many  welfare  organizations  in  the  field; 
much  of  the  work  should  be  done  by  the  army  itself. 

ADJUTANT  GENERAL’S  OFFICE 

The  Adjutant  General’s  Office  is  the  office  of  record  under  the 
Secretary  of  War  and  the  principal  depository  of  records  of  the 
Department  of  War.  The  correspondence  in  this  office  is  filed  in 
nine  principal  classes :  general ;  finance  and  accounting ;  personnel ; 
administration;  supplies  and  equipment;  transportation;  buildings 
and  grounds ;  medicine,  hygiene,  and  sanitation ;  rivers  and  harbors. 
In  the  general  class  are  papers  relative  to  political  and  religious 
matters,  civil  educational  institutions,  welfare  organizations,  in¬ 
surance,  statistics,  industrial  plants,  and  commercial  enterprises. 
The  finance  and  accounting  class  embraces  appropriations,  esti¬ 
mates  for  appropriations,  reimbursements,  apportionment  and  sup¬ 
ply  of  funds,  contracts,  and  accounting  for  property,  supplies,  and 
stores.  In  the  class  designated  as  supplies,  equipment,  and  services 
are  included  such  matters  as  the  selection,  purchase,  manufacture, 
and  distribution  of  supplies  and  equipment.  The  transportation 
class  comprises  subjects  pertaining  to  the  transportation  of  persons 
or  supplies,  by  land  or  by  water,  transportation  accounts  and  con¬ 
tracts.  The  buildings  and  grounds  class  embraces  the  general  sub¬ 
ject  of  the  construction,  repair,  and  protection  of  buildings,  and 
matters  pertaining  to  particular  buildings  and  grounds.  Medicine, 
hygiene,  and  sanitation  embrace  all  matters  affecting  the  health  and 
sanitation  of  the  army:  admission  of  patients  to  hospitals,  hygiene 


52 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


of  air  and  ground,  treatment  and  prevention  of  diseases,  etc.  The 
filing  system  is  fully  set  forth  in  War  Department  Correspondence 
File,  compiled  under  the  direction  of  the  Adjutant  General  of  the 
Army  by  Marcel  S.  Keene,  Clay  S.  Worick,  Ralph  G.  Hersey,  and 
H.  M.  McLarin  (Washington,  1918,  454  pages). 

The  records  in  the  World  War  Records  Section  of  the  Adjutant 
General’s  Office  are  classified  as:  (1)  personnel  records;  (2)  organi¬ 
zation  records;  and  (3)  miscellaneous  records.  By  far  the  greater 
portion  of  the  records  in  all  three  classes  are  of  a  military  nature. 
Those  of  importance  for  the  purpose  of  this  survey  are  distributed 
in  all  three  classes,  particularly  in  the  second  and  third  classes.  In  a 
few  instances  they  are  somewhat  segregated,  but  those  on  several 
subjects  are  much  scattered.  They  pertain  to  such  subjects  as :  the 
selective  service  or  draft;  conscientious  objectors;  industrial  and 
farm  furloughs ;  Students’  Army  Training  Corps ;  War  Camp  Com¬ 
munity  Service ;  civilian  welfare  agencies  working  with  the  military 
service;  activities  of  chaplains  and  other  religious  workers;  educa¬ 
tional  activities  in  the  army ;  economic  mobilization ;  and  services  of 
supply. 

The  selective  service  or  draft  records  are  described  below  as  rec¬ 
ords  of  the  Provost  Marshal  General’s  Office.  Those  of  economic 
mobilization  and  the  services  of  supply  are  described  under  the  His¬ 
torical  Branch,  General  Staff. 

GENERAL  STAFF 
Organization 

General  Orders  No.  14,  February  9,  1918,  organized  the  General 
Staff  in  five  divisions :  (1)  Executive,  (2)  War  Plans,  (3)  Purchase 
and  Supply,  (4)  Storage  and  Traffic,  and  (5)  Operations.  General 
Orders  No.  80,  August  26,  1918,  charged  the  Chief  of  Staff,  as  the 
immediate  adviser  of  the  Secretary  of  War  on  all  matters  relating 
to  the  military  establishment,  with  responsibility  for  the  planning, 
development,  and  execution  of  the  army  program  and  organized  the 
work  in  four  divisions:  (1)  Operations,  (2)  Purchase,  Storage,  and 
Traffic,  (3)  Military  Intelligence,  and  (4)  War  Plans,  each  di¬ 
rected  by  an  assistant  chief  of  staff. 

When  the  United  States  entered  the  war  the  bureau  system  pre- 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


53 


vailed  in  the  department  and  supplies  were  procured  chiefly  by  the 
Quartermaster  Corps,  Ordnance  Department,  Medical  Department, 
Corps  of  Engineers,  and  Signal  Corps.  The  independent  handling  of 
the  supply  problem  by  each  of  these  bureaus  developed  a  competi¬ 
tion  for  manufactured  articles,  raw  materials,  and  labor  that  re¬ 
sulted  in  high  prices,  congestion  of  contracts,  congestion  of  traffic, 
inefficiency  with  respect  to  manufacturing  facilities,  and  inefficiency 
with  respect  to  the  distribution  of  labor.  To  remedy  the  situation, 
to  provide  for  systematic  expansion,  and  to  keep  pace  with  the  de¬ 
velopments  in  military  science,  a  redistribution  of  functions  was 
necessary,  and  this  was  accomplished  by  (1)  detaching  the  con¬ 
struction  and  transportation  functions  from  the  Quartermaster 
Corps,  (2)  creating  the  Construction  Division,  the  Motor  Trans¬ 
port  Corps,  the  Transportation  Service,  the  Bureau  of  Aircraft 
Production,  and  the  Tank  Corps,  and  (3)  vesting  in  the  Purchase, 
Storage,  and  Traffic  Division  of  the  General  Staff  the  supervision 
and  coordination  of  purchases  and  financial  operations  of  the  sev¬ 
eral  bureaus. 


Publications 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  Staff,  U.S.  Army,  to  the  Secretary  of  War, 
1917  (Washington,  1917,  30  pages).  Quartermaster  Corps,  building 
and  transportation ;  Signal  Corps  and  the  creation  of  an  air  fleet ; 
magnitude  of  the  task  of  the  Ordnance  Department. 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  Staff  .  .  .  79/^  (Washington,  1918,  24  pages). 
Organization  and  operations  of  the  Purchase,  Storage,  and  Traffic  Divi¬ 
sion. 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  Staff  .  .  .  1919  (Washington,  1919,  261 
pages).  An  outline  of  the  evolution  of  the  plans  and  the  development  of 
the  organization  of  the  General  Staff  during  the  war.  Nearly  one-half 
of  the  report  is  devoted  to  the  Purchase,  Storage,  and  Traffic  Division. 

The  War  with  Germany,  a  Statistical  Summary,  by  Leonard  P. 
Ayres,  Chief  of  the  Statistical  Branch  of  the  General  Staff  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1919,  154  pages).  Statistics  relative  to  food,  clothing,  equipment, 
ordnance,  airplanes,  motors,  and  transportation. 

The  Library  of  Congress  has  a  photostatic  copy  of  a  “Weekly 
Statistical  Report,”  January  12, 1918,  to  December  13,  1919,  com¬ 
piled  by  the  Statistical  Branch  of  the  General  Staff.  It  has  also  a 


54 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


copy  of  statistical  tables  by  this  branch  relative  to  tonnage  for  the 
Expeditionary  Forces. 

PURCHASE,  STORAGE,  AND  TRAFFIC  DIVISION 

General  Orders  No.  102,  War  Department,  August  4,  1917, 
created  the  Embarkation  Service  to  take  charge  of  embarkation 
matters  for  all  supply  bureaus  of  the  army.  General  Orders  No. 
167,  War  Department,  December  28,  1917,  created  the  Storage 
and  Traffic  Division  to  be  composed  mainly  of  the  Embarkation 
Service,  the  Inland  Traffic  Service,  and  what  had  been  the  Storage 
Division  of  the  Quartermaster  Corps.  General  Orders  No.  5,  War 
Department,  January  11,  1918,  appointed  a  Director  of  Purchase 
charged  with  re-\uewing  and  systematizing  the  supply  activities  of 
the  several  bureaus.  General  Orders  No.  36,  War  Department, 
April  16,  1918,  combined  the  Purchase  and  Supply  Division  with 
the  Storage  and  Traffic  Division  to  form  the  Purchase,  Storage,  and 
Traffic  Division. 

Publications 

Compilation  of  Supply  Circulars  and  Supply  Bulletins  of  the  Pur¬ 
chase,  Storage,  and  Traffic  Division,  General  Staff,  War  Department, 
April  24,  1918,  to  May  1,  1919  (Washington,  1919,  291  pages).  The 
twenty-three  “articles”  of  which  this  volume  is  composed  are  as  fol¬ 
lows  : 

1.  Supply  circulars. 

2.  Organization  of  the  Purchase,  Storage,  and  Traffic  Division,  General 
Staff. 

3.  Organization  of  Purchase  and  Storage  Service. 

4.  Organization  of  Finance  and  Accounting  Service. 

6.  Organization  of  Real  Estate  Service. 

6.  Transportation  Service. 

7.  Organization  of  ports  of  embarkation. 

8.  War  Department  construction  work. 

9.  Boards  of  Review. 

10.  Requirements  of  supply  bureaus  of  the  army. 

11.  Calculation  of  reserves. 

12.  ConsoRdation  of  procurement  of  articles  or  material  procured  by  more 
than  one  supply  bureau. 

13.  Inter-bureau  requisitions. 

14.  Compulsory  orders. 

16.  Contract  regulations. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


55 


16.  Contract  provisions. 

17.  Termination  of  contracts. 

18.  Sale  of  war  supplies. 

19.  War  claims. 

20.  Negotiations  with  foreign  governments. 

21.  Report  on  orders  and  contracts  and  requests  for  information. 

22.  Standardization,  classification,  and  cataloguing  of  army  material. 

23.  Standardization  of  baling,  boxing,  crating,  and  marking  specifications. 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  Staff,  U.S.  Army,  to  the  Secretary  of  War, 
1919  (Washington,  1919,  pp.  108-213).  Antecedents  of  the  Purchase, 
Storage,  and  Traffic  Division ;  estabhshment  and  original  organization ; 
Embarkation  Service;  Inland  Traffic  Service;  Storage  Branch,  Finance 
Department;  reorganization,  August,  1918;  development  of  the  Office 
of  Director  of  Purchase  and  Storage;  readjustments  subsequent  to  the 
armistice ;  steps  toward  discontinuance  of  operating  activities. 

Report  of  the  Quartermaster  General,  1918  (Washington,  1919,  63 
pages).  Readjustment  of  military  services;  consolidation  of  procure¬ 
ment  ;  development  of  organization  within  the  Quartermaster  Corps ; 
problem  of  supply ;  distribution  of  supplies ;  clothing  and  equipage ;  vehi¬ 
cles  and  harness ;  hardware  and  metals ;  motor  transport  service ;  sub¬ 
sistence  ;  depots  ;  finance  and  accounts. 

Report  of  the  Quartermaster  General,  1919  (Washington,  1920,  169 
pages).  Growth  of  the  Supply  Division;  storage  and  requirements;  re¬ 
organizations  of  January  26,  April  16,  and  June  14,  1918 ;  the  zone 
system;  establishment,  organization,  and  development  of  the  Office  of 
Director  of  Purchase  and  Storage ;  purchase  divisions  ;  storage  divisions  ; 
requirements ;  remount  service ;  clothing  and  equipage ;  summary  of  con¬ 
tracted  deliveries,  actual  deliveries,  shipments  overseas,  losses  at  sea, 
and  stocks  on  hand  of  principal  items  of  clothing  and  equipage  from 
June  30,  1918,  to  June  30,  1919;  subsistence;  motors  and  vehicles;  raw 
materials  and  paints ;  medical  and  hospital  supplies ;  machinery  and 
engineering  materials  ;  storage ;  salvage ;  procurement ;  material  con¬ 
trol  ;  distribution ;  finance ;  boards  of  review. 

The  Quartermaster  Corps  in  the  Year  1917  in  the  World  War,  by 
Henry  G.  Sharpe  (New  York,  1921,  424  pages).  Clothing  and  equipage; 
depots ;  warehousing ;  transportation ;  remount  service ;  financial  prob¬ 
lems  and  accounting.  [Unofficial.] 

Records 

Questionnaire  to  firms.  In  the  Historical  Branch  of  the  Pur¬ 
chase  and  Storage  Division  were  assembled  several  file  cases  and 


56 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


several  volumes  of  historical  and  statistical  data.  An  index  con¬ 
tains  the  names  and  addresses  of  the  firms  with  which  the  division 
did  business.  To  each  of  these  the  branch  sent  a  form  letter  asking 
for  the  following  information: 

1.  State  kind  of  articles  you  supplied  the  War  Department. 

2.  Quantity  of  each  article  contracted  for. 

3.  Quantity  of  each  article  actually  delivered. 

4.  Total  value  of  all  contracts. 

5.  Value  of  all  deliveries. 

6.  Statement  as  to  whether  articles  manufactured  by  your  firm  for  the 
government  were  the  same  articles  as  your  peace-time  production. 

7.  Show  increased  production  over  normal  production. 

8.  Include  statement  showing  rapidity  with  which  orders  were  filled 
after  being  received  from  the  War  Department. 

9.  Give  statement  showing  the  amount  of  time  cut  off  in  the  production 
of  certain  articles  from  the  average  time  required  to  make  these  articles  under 
peace  conditions. 

1 0.  State  whether  your  plant  was  in  any  way  changed  to  meet  government 
requirements.  If  there  was  any  change  in  plant,  go  into  some  detail  as  to  na¬ 
ture  of  change,  amount  of  money  necessary  to  make  the  change,  etc. 

11.  State  if  there  was  any  development  in  your  plant  of  any  new  process 
or  method  of  manufacture.  If  so,  please  treat  this  subject  very  fully. 

12.  State  number  of  men  called  into  the  army  from  your  plant  and  show 
number  of  women  employed  to  take  their  places. 

13.  Show  increase  by  months  in  personnel  from  April  2,  1917,  to  November, 
1,  1918. 

14.  State  fully  any  difficulty  with  labor  which  you  may  have  had  during 
this  period,  and  manner  of  settlement. 

15.  Statement  as  to  difficulty  in  securing  capable  and  efficient  labor. 

16.  Statement  as  to  the  practicability  of  the  employment  of  women  to  take 
the  place  of  men  in  your  factory. 

17.  If  there  are  any  criticisms  to  be  made  as  to  the  purchase,  inspection,  or 
payment  methods  used  by  the  army,  make  these  criticisms  without  reserve. 
What  is  wanted  is  an  exact  historical  file,  and  frankness  will  be  appreciated. 

18.  Give  statement  showing  your  methods  of  procurement  and  purchase  of 
raw  material,  showing  how  you  were  affected  by  the  War  Trade  Board,  War 
Industries  Board,  Council  of  National  Defense,  etc. 

19.  Show  how  the  allocation  of  raw  materials  on  priority  demands  affected 
your  operations. 

20.  Trace  in  a  few  words  any  economic  or  sociological  changes  in  your  city 
or  plant,  which  were  due  in  any  way  to  the  war  program. 

The  replies  to  this  questionnaire  are  in  the  files.  Some  firms  an¬ 
swered  on  the  questionnaire  form  itself ;  others  answered  on  separate 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


57 


sheets.  Statistical  questions  were  answered  briefly  but  to  some  other 
questions,  such  as  those  inviting  criticism,  a  paragraph  or  more  was 
occasionally  devoted.  A  few  firms  answered  the  questionnaire  in  a 
narrative  of  several  pages. 

Histories  of  Supply  Depots.  Purchasing  or  the  placing  of  orders, 
was  the  function  of  the  central  organization  in  Washington.  Pro¬ 
curement,  which  involved  the  necessary  operations  for  completing 
the  contracts,  such  as  inspection,  following  up  production,  and  ac¬ 
ceptance  of  the  products,  was  the  function  of  the  thirteen  procure¬ 
ment  zones  into  which  the  United  States  was  divided.  The  operations 
of  each  zone  were  centered  in  its  depot,  named  for  the  city  in  which 
it  was  located,  and  of  each  zone  depot  the  Branch  secured  a  history 
by  some  resident  or  residents  of  the  zone  designated  for  the  purpose. 
Nine  of  these  histories,  consisting  of  narratives  of  operations,  or¬ 
ders,  and  statistics  of  supplies  procured,  are  as  follows  (in  MS.)  : 

History  of  the  Atlanta  General  Supply  Depot,  April,  1917-May, 
1919  (87  pages).  List  of  property  leased;  procurement  division;  cloth¬ 
ing  and  equipage  branch ;  purchasing  branch,  inspection  division ;  stor¬ 
age  division ;  warehousing  division ;  distribution  division ;  list  of  im¬ 
mense  quantities  of  supplies  on  hand. 

History  of  the  General  Supply  Depot,  Baltimore,  Maryland.  Brief 
narrative  relative  to  the  port  storage  and  water  transportation  offices, 
and  the  general  supply  depot ;  special  orders ;  office  circulars ;  travel 
orders. 

History  of  the  Zone  Supply  Office,  Boston  (238  pages).  General  his¬ 
tory  ;  reports  of  warehouses ;  receiving  section ;  distribution  division ;  sal¬ 
vage  division ;  purchase  branch ;  list  of  contractors  with  amount  of  con¬ 
tracts. 

History  of  the  General  Supply  Depot,  Zone  Seven,  Chicago  (10  vol¬ 
umes).  Vol.  1,  narrative  history  of  the  depot  exclusive  of  packing  house 
products;  Vol.  2,  narrative  history  of  packing  house  products,  pur¬ 
chases,  and  operations ;  Vol.  3,  photographic  records  of  depot  opera¬ 
tions ;  Vols.  4-7,  office  orders;  Vols.  8  and  9,  depot  orders;  Vol.  10,  en¬ 
listment  assignment  orders. 

War  History,  Office  of  Zone  Supply  Officer,  New  York,  1917-1919  (5 
volumes).  Vol.  1,  organization,  summary  of  operations,  administrative 
division;  Vol.  2,  clothing  and  equipage  division;  Vol.  3,  subsistence  divi¬ 
sion  ;  Vol.  4,  motors  and  vehicles  division ;  Vol.  5,  general  supplies  divi¬ 
sion,  raw  materials  division,  base  sorting  plant,  finance  division. 


58 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


History  of  the  General  Supply  Depot,  St.  Louis  (2  volumes).  Brief 
narrative  of  operations  ;  statistics. 

Historical  Report  of  the  San  Francisco  Depot,  Fort  Mason,  General 
Supply  Depot,  Zone  13,  for  period  April  1,  1917,  to  April  30,  1919  (72 
pages).  Finance  division;  subsistence  division;  dehydrated  vegetables; 
clothing  and  equipage  division ;  manufacture  of  clothing  and  textiles ; 
supplies  division;  purchase  branch;  salvage  division;  transportation 
branch ;  army  transport  service. 

Historical  Record,  Office  of  Depot  Quartermaster,  Seattle,  from  April 
6,  1917,  to  January  1,  1919  (60  pages).  Resume;  organization;  sub¬ 
sistence  division ;  supplies  division ;  clothing  and  equipage  subdivision ; 
warehouse  and  storage  subdivision ;  property  accounting  subdivision ; 
salvage  branch;  fuel  and  storage  branch;  transportation  division;  fi¬ 
nance  division;  army  transport  service. 

Historical  Data  pertaining  to  the  Zone  Supply  Office,  Washington, 
D.  C.  Office  orders. 

Histories  of  Quartermaster  and  other  supply  units.  There  is  a 
history  of  nearly  every  unit  and  every  branch  of  activity  of  the 
Quartermaster  Corps  during  the  war.  Particular  attention  is  di¬ 
rected  to  the  following  (in  MS.)  : 

History  of  the  Office  of  the  Director  of  Purchase,  by  Malcolm  Ken¬ 
neth  Gordon  (105  pages). 

History  of  the  Office  of  the  Director  of  Storage  (5  volumes).  Expan¬ 
sion  of  the  Quartermaster  Corps ;  functions  of  traffic  and  storage  serv¬ 
ice  ;  distribution  of  supplies  in  the  United  States ;  conservation  and 
reclamation;  organization  of  the  warehousing  division;  storage  prob¬ 
lems  ;  inauguration  of  the  zone  system ;  reserve  supply  system ;  quarter¬ 
master  depots ;  coordination  of  field  and  headquarters  services ;  typical 
zone  supply  office;  amount  of  clothing  and  equipage  required;  overseas 
supply  divisions ;  domestic  distribution  division ;  operations  control 
division. 

History  of  the  Subsistence  Division,  Office  of  the  Director  of  Purchase 
(6  volumes).  Organization;  purchasing  branch;  allotment  branch;  in¬ 
spection  branch;  service  branch;  planning  branch;  adjustment  and  ac¬ 
counts  branch. 

History  of  General  Army  Inventory  (2  volumes) . 

Historical  Report  of  the  Chief  Quartermaster,  including  a  Brief  Nar¬ 
rative  of  the  Quartermaster  Corps,  American  Expeditionary  Forces, 
1917-1919  (555  pages). 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


59 


Historical  Sketch  of  the  General  Supplies  Division  (119  pages). 

Notes  on  the  Purchase,  Manufacture  and  Inspection  of  United  States 
Army  Shoes  and  Shoe  Lasts,  by  Charles  G.  Keene  (207  pages). 

History  of  the  Salvage  Division,  Quartermaster  Corps  (279  pages). 

Historical  Outline  Showing  the  Organization  and  Operation  of  the 
Fuel  and  Forage  Division,  Office  of  the  Quartermaster  General  of  the 
Army,  and  of  the  Raw  Materials  Division,  Office  of  the  Director  of  Pur¬ 
chase  and  Storage  (138  pages). 

History  of  Motors  and  Vehicles  Division,  Quartermaster  Corps,  by 
Walter  Alexander  (98  pages). 

Historical  and  Statistical  Data  relative  to  the  Machinery  and  Engi¬ 
neering  Materials  Division  (183  pages). 

History  of  the  Purchase  of  Precision  Instruments,  by  Major  George 
A.  Bentley  (64  pages). 

History  of  the  Bakers  and  Cooks  Branch,  Quartermaster  Corps  (19 
pages). 

Narrative  Account  of  the  Activities  of  the  Remount  Division  and  the 
Remount  Service  during  the  War  (12  pages). 

Historical  Data  relative  to  the  Port  Supply  Officer,  Port  of  New  York 
(88  pages). 

History  of  Port  of  Embarkation,  Newport  News,  Virginia  (548 
pages). 

History  of  Camp  Joseph  E.  Johnston  (877  pages). 

Organization,  Personnel,  and  Operations  of  the  Quartermaster's  De¬ 
pot,  Jeffersonville,  Indiana.  April  6,  1917-November  11,  1918  (361 
pages). 

Narrative  of  Proceedings  at  the  Quartermaster' s  Depot,  Jefferson¬ 
ville,  Indiana,  with  reference  to  the  work  of  adjusting  claims  following 
the  termination  of  contracts  for  war  supplies  (26  pages). 

Official  History,  Camp  Supply  Depot,  Camp  Lewis,  American  Lake, 
W ashington  (70  pages). 

The  History  of  Camp  Meigs  (73  pages). 

History  of  Auxiliary  Remount  Depot,  No.  304^,  Camp  Meade,  Mary¬ 
land  (18  pages). 

History  of  Auxiliary  Remount  Depot,  No.  330,  Camp  Kearney,  Cali¬ 
fornia  (4  pages). 

History  of  Auxiliary  Remount  Depot,  No.  324,  Camp  McArthur, 
Waco,  Texas  (16  pages). 

History  of  Ft.  Reno  Remount  Depot,  Oklahoma  (12  pages). 

Procedure  and  Methods  Employed  in  the  Various  Procurement  Zones 
for  the  Adjustment  and  Cancellation  of  War  Contracts  (13  pages). 


60 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Historical  Report  of  Office  of  the  Port  Utilities  Officer,  Port  of  Em¬ 
barkation,  Hoboken,  N.  J.  (199  pages). 

History  of  the  Medical  Supply  Depot,  U.S.A.,  New  York,  prior  to  the 
entrance  of  the  United  States  into  the  European  War  and  during  that 
period  (22  pages). 

History  of  Camp  Alexander,  Newport  News,  Virginia  (35  pages). 

WAR  PLANS  DIVISION 

Under  General  Orders  No.  14,  War  Department,  February  9, 
1918,  the  War  College  Division  of  the  General  Staff  was  organized 
in  four  branches:  (1)  War  Plans  Branch;  (2)  Training  and  In¬ 
struction  Branch;  (3)  Legislation,  Regulations,  Rules  Branch; 
(4)  Historical  Branch.  Under  General  Orders  No.  80,  War  De¬ 
partment,  issued  August  26, 1918,  the  designation  of  the  War  Col¬ 
lege  Division  was  changed  to  War  Plans  Division. 

Training  and  Instruction  Branch 
Functions 

Instructions  were  issued  in  April,  1917,  for  the  establishment  of 
the  first  series  of  officers’  training  camps.  A  Training  Committee  of 
the  War  College  Dirision  was  appointed  in  June.  Late  in  the  same 
year  a  major  general  in  the  regular  army  was  designated  as  director 
of  training.  Central  officers’  schools  were  established  at  permanent 
replacement  camps  in  June,  1918.  A  Committee  on  Education  and 
Special  Training  was  appointed  in  February,  1918,  to  study  the 
needs  of  the  various  branches  of  the  service  for  skilled  men  and 
technicians,  to  secure  the  cooperation  of  the  educational  institutions 
of  the  country,  to  represent  the  War  Department  in  its  relations 
with  such  institutions,  and  to  administer  such  plans  of  special  train¬ 
ing  in  them  as  might  be  adopted.  To  accomplish  the  purpose  for 
which  this  committeee  was  appointed,  National  Army  training  de¬ 
tachments  were  organized  at  schools  and  colleges  throughout  the 
country.  As  junior  officers  in  the  army  were  early  in  the  war  sup¬ 
plied  largely  from  college  graduates  and  undergraduates  and  as  a 
serious  shortage  of  officer  material  developed  in  the  summer  of  1918, 
orders  were  issued  in  August  of  that  year  for  raising  and  maintain¬ 
ing  by  volunteer  induction  and  drafting  a  Students’  Army  Train- 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


61 


ing  Corps,  units  of  which  were  authorized  at  educational  institu¬ 
tions  which  met  the  prescribed  requirements. 

Publications 

Committee  on  Education  and  Special  Training,  a  Review  of  its  Work 
during  1918,  by  the  Advisory  Board  (Washington,  1919,  144  pages). 
History  and  general  operations ;  military  administration ;  business  ad¬ 
ministration. 

Special  Descriptive  Circulars  and  Special  Bulletins,  published  in  1918 
by  the  Collegiate  Section  of  the  Committee  on  Education  and  Special 
Training  for  the  guidance  of  instructors  and  other  officers  in  the  work 
of  the  Students’  Army  Training  Corps  (160  pages). 

Final  Report  of  the  War  Issues  Course  of  the  Students'  Army  Train¬ 
ing  Corps,  by  Frank  Aydelotte,  Director  War  Issues  Course  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  112  pages).  Purpose  and  methods;  Vocational  Section; 
Collegiate  Section ;  results. 

Records 

A  “Report  of  Line  Officers’  Training  Schools  from  the  Declara¬ 
tion  of  War  to  the  Discontinuance  of  Schools,”  by  Henry  C.  Cabell 
(22  pages),  has  been  mimeographed. 

Two  file  cases  contain  records  of  officers’  training  camps,  consist¬ 
ing  of  weekly  reports,  progress  reports,  strength  reports,  training 
schedules,  and  regulations. 

Records  of  activities  of  the  Committee  on  Education  and  Special 
Training  and  of  the  Students’  Army  Training  Corps  consist  of 
various  reports  and  miscellaneous  correspondence. 

Historical,  Branch 
Organization  and  Functions 

The  Historical  Branch  of  the  General  Staff  was  created  in  June, 
1918.  In  August,  1921  (General  Order  No.  41,  War  Department), 
it  was  transferred  to  the  Army  War  College  as  the  Historical  Sec¬ 
tion,  and  a  year  later  its  collections  of  material  were  consolidated 
with  the  records  of  the  Adjutant  General’s  Office.  Its  functions  were 
to  publish  monographs  on  subjects  of  military  importance,  to  su¬ 
pervise  the  historical  work  of  the  War  Department  and  the  military 
establishment,  and  to  compile  a  general  history  of  American  partici¬ 
pation  in  the  war. 


62 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Publications 

Economic  Mobilization  in  the  United  States  for  the  War  of  1917 
(Washington,  1918,  39  pages).  State  of  industrial  preparedness  ;  Coun¬ 
cil  of  National  Defense;  shipping;  food  control;  fuel  control;  War  In¬ 
dustries  Board ;  war  trade ;  war  finance ;  railroad  control ;  labor  and 
employment ;  demobilization. 

A  Handbook  of  Economic  Agencies  of  the  War  of  1917  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1919,  539  pages).  This  compilation  is  of  prime  importance.  It  sets 
forth,  in  brief  form,  accounts  of  the  functions  and  organization  of  about 
3000  agencies  which  took  part  in  the  economic  mobilization. 

Organization  of  the  Services  of  Supply,  American  Expeditionary 
Forces  (Washington,  1921,  130  pages).  Organization  of  the  line  of 
communication ;  organization  of  headquarters.  Services  of  Supply ;  the 
General  Purchasing  Board ;  Chemical  Warfare  Service ;  Engineer  Corps ; 
Medical  Corps  ;  Motor  Transport  Corps ;  Ordnance  Department ;  Quar¬ 
termaster  Corps  ;  Signal  Corps ;  Transportation  Corps ;  Renting,  Re¬ 
quisition,  and  Claims  Service. 

A  Journal  of  the  Great  War,  by  Charles  G.  Dawes  (Boston,  2  vol¬ 
umes,  1921).  Volume  II  contains  the  dally  reports  and  the  final  report 
of  the  general  purchasing  agent,  A.E.F. 

Records 

The  records  of  interest  for  the  purposes  of  this  survey  which  were 
accumulated  by  the  Historical  Branch,  but  which  have  been  trans¬ 
ferred  to  the  Adjutant  General’s  Office,  are  in  two  principal  groups: 
(1)  economic  mobilization,  (2)  Services  of  Supply,  A.E.F. 

Economic  Mobilization.  The  Historical  Branch,  in  the  collection 
of  data  for  the  Handbook  of  Economic  Agencies,  sent  question¬ 
naires  to  government  organizations  and  to  the  industrial  agencies 
listed  in  the  Handbook.  The  material  which  was  furnished  in  re¬ 
sponse  to  the  questionnaires  was  assembled  in  3000  dossiers  in  the 
files  of  the  Economic  Mobilization  Section.  It  comprises  historical 
accounts  of  the  organization  and  war  activities  of  the  various 
bureaus  or  agencies,  copies  of  reports  made  by  them,  files  of  bulle¬ 
tins  containing  detailed  information  relative  to  their  work,  etc. 
Some  of  the  material  in  these  files  has  already  been  noted  elsewhere. 
The  following  are  some  of  the  more  important  dossiers,  with  men¬ 
tion  of  their  contents. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


63 


Chemical  Alliance,  Committee  on  Acids.  A  brief  sketch  of  the  organi¬ 
zation  and  its  war  service ;  30  weekly  bulletins. 

Economic  Cables,  A.E.F.  These  are  mostly  cables  during  1917  and 
1918  to  and  from  Pershing  and  Harbord  relative  to  beef,  pork,  meat, 
bacon,  grease,  petroleum,  glycerin,  lubricating  oils,  wheat,  sugar,  food 
conditions  of  allied,  neutral,  and  enemy  countries,  etc.  (140  pages). 

Committee  on  Chemicals,  Council  of  National  Defense.  A  report  on  its 
war  service  telling  of  its  creation,  purpose,  and  functions  performed  (3 
pages). — Weekly  reports  to  the  chairman  of  the  Raw  Materials  Com¬ 
mittee  from  May  19  to  November  10,  1917. 

Ordnance  Department.  Report  of  schools  on  industrial  ordnance  reser¬ 
vations  under  jurisdiction  of  Community  Organization  Branch.  The 
schools  were  located  at  Amatol  and  May’s  Landing,  New  Jersey;  Jack¬ 
sonville,  Tennessee;  Muscle  Shoals  and  U.S.N.  No.  1,  Alabama;  Nitro, 
West  Virginia ;  Perryville,  Maryland ;  and  Penniman,  Virginia.  Tbe  re¬ 
port  tells  of  sites  and  buildings,  books  and  equipment,  principals  and 
teachers,  course  of  study,  community  activities,  and  attendance.  Filed 
with  the  report  is  a  paper  entitled,  “A  Plan  for  Providing  Education 
for  Children  Resident  on  Federal  Government  Reservations  under  the 
Control  of  the  Ordnance  Department  of  the  United  States  Army.” 

War  Industries  Board,  Conservation  Division.  A  thick  folder  of 
papers  relating  to  conservation  plans  and  practices  in  each  of  the  fol¬ 
lowing  industries :  baking,  delivery,  shoe,  clothing,  garment,  packing, 
paint  and  varnish,  wool,  hat  and  cap,  dry  goods,  baby  vehicle,  tin, 
trunk  and  travelling  goods,  furnace,  automobile  tire,  cotton  thread, 
spool,  stove,  metal  bedstead,  waist,  beds  (Davenport),  refrigerator,  shoe 
carton,  agricultural  implement,  felt,  corset,  casket,  vacuum  cleaner, 
chain,  wagon  and  truck,  and  horse-drawn  spring  vehicle. 

Chemical  Alliance,  Dyestuffs  Section.  A  report  by  the  secretary  cover¬ 
ing  the  activities  of  the  section  during  1918  (3  pages). — Fourteen  of  a 
total  of  twenty-two  bulletins  issued  during  1918. — Proceedings  of  a  joint 
meeting  of  the  Dyestuff  and  Intermediate  Section  of  the  Chemical  Alli¬ 
ance,  the  American  Dye  Institute,  and  the  American  Dyestuff  Manu¬ 
facturers  Association,  September  26,  1918,  which  discussed  the  sub¬ 
ject  of  restricting  imports  of  dyes  for  a  number  of  years  after  the  war. 

Edgewood  Arsenal,  Md.  A  non-technical  report  relative  to  the  incep¬ 
tion  of  the  arsenal  and  each  of  its  various  projects  (83  pages). 

General  War  Service  Committee  of  the  Electrical  Manufacturing 
Industry.  Two  printed  reports  relative  to  organization  and  activities 
(12  pages  and  15  pages). 


64 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Army  Ordnance,  Industrial  Service  Section.  Final  report  of  the  Emer¬ 
gency  Production  Branch. — Summary  of  report  of  the  Western  Cart¬ 
ridge  Company,  Alton,  Ill. — Summary  of  report  of  the  ScoviU  Manu¬ 
facturing  Company,  Waterbury,  Conn. — Summary  of  report  of  the 
Winchester  Repeating  Arms  Company,  New  Haven,  Conn. — Summary 
of  report  of  the  United  States  Cartridge  Company,  Lowell,  Mass. — 
Report  on  labor  conditions  at  Remington  Arms-U.M.C.  plant,  Ilion, 
N.  Y. 

Department  of  Labor,  Employment  Service.  Organization  and  func¬ 
tions  (25  pages). 

Engineering  Council.  A  report  on  the  war  activities  of  the  council  (6 
pages). 

War  Industries  Board,  Explosives  Division.  A  paper  relative  to  the 
principal  explosives  used  in  the  war  (17  pages). 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Fertilizer  Control.  Notes  on  the  work  of 
the  Fertilizer  Control  Board,  by  E.  A.  Goldenweiser,  statistician  (21 
pages). 

Chemical  Alliance,  Committee  on  Fertilizers.  A  report  (10  pages). 

Department  of  Agriculture  and  Food  Administration.  Monthly  sur¬ 
veys  as  of  October  1  and  November  1,  1918,  by  the  Central  Bureau  of 
Planning  and  Statistics.  Contents  of  October  survey:  Part  I,  Agricul¬ 
ture:  production  activities,  conservation  activities,  investigations  for 
army  and  navy,  cooperation  with  army  and  navy;  Part  II,  Food  Ad¬ 
ministration  :  cereals,  meats,  dairy  products,  fish,  sugar  export  pro¬ 
gram.  (^Foreword:  “The  Department  of  Agriculture  attempts  to  in¬ 
crease  production  by  internal  economy,  better  methods  and  greater 
production  per  unit,  while  the  Food  Administration  deals  with  the  re¬ 
quirements  made  upon  our  food  supply  by  both  this  country  and  the 
allies  and  the  relation  of  these  requirements  to  our  supply,  with  a  view 
of  creating  an  adequate  supply  to  meet  the  more  urgent  needs  of  the 
allied  nations.  This  is  accomplished  through  price  regulation,  restric¬ 
tion  of  demand,  and  conservation.  The  war  activities  of  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  indicated  in  this  report  are  mostly  the  cooperative  ones, 
carried  on  primarily  for  the  benefit  of  the  army  and  navy.  The  Food 
Administration’s  activities  are  expressed  by  statements  showing  the 
production  and  requirements  of  the  principal  agricultural  com¬ 
modities.”)  October  survey,  61  pages;  November  survev,  60  pages. 

War  Trade  Board,  Bureau  of  Foreign  Agents.  A  historical  memo¬ 
randum  (7  pages),  and  reports  by  the  bureau  relative  to  its  operations 
from  its  organization,  November  2, 1917,  to  October,  1918. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


65 


Forest  Products  Laboratory,  Madison,  Wis.  A  list  of  reports  from 
April  1,  1917,  to  April  1,  1919  (112  pages). — An  account  of  the 
war  work  of  the  laboratory  (13  pages). 

Fuel  and  Petroleum  Statistics.  A  list  of  fuel  and  petroleum  statistics, 
issued  by  the  Statistical  Clearing  House,  Central  Bureau  of  Planning 
and  Statistics,  to  show  the  principal  sources  of  statistics  on  fuel  and 
petroleum  (46  pages). 

Hardware  Manufacturers’  Organization  for  War  Service.  Booklet 
describing  the  reasons  for  and  the  methods  and  purposes  of  the  organi¬ 
zation. — Roster,  issued  September  1,  1918,  containing  lists  of  indus¬ 
tries  organized,  list  of  members,  and  an  explanation  of  the  operations  of 
the  organization. — Bulletins  Nos.  2  to  30,  except  Nos.  3,  17,  and  24, 
issued  from  June  10  to  December  21,  1918. — Report  of  the  activities  of 
the  organization  to  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  United  States  by 
the  chairman  of  the  War  Service  Committee. 

National  Association  of  Importers  of  Hides  and  Skins,  War  Trade 
Committee.  One  hundred  and  nine  one-page  bulletins,  January  24  to 
December  28,  1918,  issued  for  the  information  of  importers. 

Chief  of  Engineers,  Historical  Data  Section.  A  copy  of  a  paper  pre¬ 
sented  by  Major  W.  C.  Cattell,  Engineer  Corps,  at  a  meeting  of  the 
Conference  of  Army  and  Navy  Historical  Workers,  January  17,  1919. 
In  this  paper  Major  Cattell  expressed  what  he  conceived  to  be  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  the  historical  work  of  his  department.  Similar  papers  were 
read  at  other  meetings  of  the  conference. 

Ordnance  Department,  Industrial  Service  Section,  Housing  Branch.  A 
report,  dated  December  31, 1918  (34  pages).  An  account  of  the  organi¬ 
zation  and  activities  of  the  Housing  Branch  at  Aberdeen  Proving 
Grounds,  Aberdeen,  Md. ;  Frankford  Arsenal,  Bridesburg,  Pa. ;  Eddy- 
stone  Rifle  Plant,  Eddystone,  Pa. ;  Rock  Island  Arsenal,  Rock  Is¬ 
land,  Ill. ;  Watertown  Arsenal,  Watertown,  Mass. ;  Watervliet  Arsenal, 
Troy,  N.  Y. ;  and  at  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  Hammond,  Ind.,  and  Perry- 
ville,  Md. 

Construction  Division,  Industrial  Service  Section.  A  history  of  the 
section  (23  pages). 

Army  Ordnance,  Industrial  Service  Section.  Final  reports :  New  York 
(223  pages)  ;  Chicago  (15  pages)  ;  Rochester,  N.  Y.  (18  pages)  ;  De¬ 
troit,  Mich.  (4  pages)  ;  Bridgeport,  Conn.  (6  pages)  ;  Boston  (9  pages)  ; 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.  (3  pages). 

Interior  Department.  A  summary  of  war  work  by  the  Bureau  of 
Mines,  Geological  Survey,  Bureau  of  Education,  Indian  Office,  Reclama- 


66 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


tion  Service,  Patent  OfBce,  General  Land  Office,  and  Government  Hos¬ 
pital  for  the  Insane  (9  pages). — Separate  papers  relative  to  the  war 
work  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  (48  pages),  the  Bureau  of  Education  (9 
pages),  and  other  bureaus. 

United  States  Pig  Lead  Producers.  “A  Brief  History  of  the  War 
Service  Committees  of  the  United  States  Pig  Lead  Producers,”  pre¬ 
pared  at  the  request  of  the  Historical  Branch,  War  Plans  Division  (27 
pages). 

Division  of  MiHtary  Aeronautics,  Supply  Section,  Oil  and  Lubrica¬ 
tion  Branch.  A  history  of  the  branch  (15  pages). 

War  Industries  Board.  Lumber  Section.  A  history  of  the  section  (9 
pages). 

Machine  Tool  Industry.  An  account  of  the  activities  of  the  machine- 
tool  building  industry  during  the  war,  by  Fred  H.  Colvin,  principal 
associate  editor,  American  Machinist  (7  pages). 

United  States  Food  Administration,  Meat  Division,  Packers’  Com¬ 
mittee.  Historical  notes  on  war  service  work  of  the  committee. 

Joint  Information  Board  on  Minerals  and  Derivatives.  A  list  or  in¬ 
dex  of  statistical  and  other  information  compiled  in  the  office  of  the 
secretary  of  the  board  with  the  aid  of  various  government  organiza¬ 
tions  represented  in  the  board  (178  pages).  The  purpose  was  to  indi¬ 
cate  briefly  the  nature  of  the  information  available  in  Washington  on 
minerals  and  derivatives  and  where  it  might  be  obtained.  A  large  part 
of  the  information  listed  was  collected  in  response  to  war  needs.  In¬ 
formation  in  standard  printed  works  was  not  listed. — ^Minutes  of  meet¬ 
ings  of  this  board  are  in  the  same  folder. 

National  Adjustment  Commission.  A  thick  folder  of  papers  and  a 
printed  report  by  the  chairman. 

Navy  Department.  Four  numbers  of  a  Monthly  Survey  (20  to  60 
pages  each)  contain  summary  statements  of  progress  in  construction 
of  naval  vessels,  aircraft  and  ordnance,  and  in  the  accumulation  of  am¬ 
munition  and  other  material. — Another  folder  contains  accounts  of  war 
activities  of  each  of  the  several  bureaus  of  the  department. 

Optical  Glass.  Report  on  the  production  of  optical  glass  by  the 
Bureau  of  Standards,  Department  of  Commerce  (10  pages). — Report 
on  the  activities  of  the  Optical  Instrument  Section  in  connection  with  the 
war  work  of  the  Bureau  of  Standards  (16  pages). 

Ordnance.  Mimeographed  copy  of  a  “Directory  of  Field  Establish¬ 
ments”  containing  information  relative  to  arsenals,  armories,  disburs¬ 
ing  offices,  field  depots,  general  supply  ordnance  depots,  inland  traffic 
service,  plants,  proving  grounds,  and  schools  (165  pages). 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


67 


Ordnance,  Carriage  Division.  Organization  and  war  work  (21  pages). 

Ordnance,  Production  Division.  Functions  and  operations  of  the  Pro¬ 
duction  Division  of  the  Ordnance  Department  from  its  establishment 
January  14, 1918,  to  its  discontinuance  October  23, 1918  (25  pages). 

Ordnance,  Gun  Division.  Organization  and  operation  of  the  Gun 
Division  of  the  Ordnance  Department  during  the  war  (23  pages). 

Ordnance,  Procurement  Division.  Accounts  of  each  of  the  following 
sections  of  the  Procurement  Division,  Ordnance  Department:  General 
Control,  Legal,  Credits,  Raw  Materials,  Packing  Container,  Explosives, 
Loading,  Artillery,  Small  Arms,  Equipment,  Motor  Equipment,  Pro¬ 
jectile,  Fuse,  Trench  Warfare,  and  Miscellaneous  (58  pages). 

Ordnance,  Supply  Division.  A  history  of  the  Supply  Division,  Ord¬ 
nance  Department,  for  the  years  1917  and  1918  (53  pages). 

Ordnance,  Engineering  Division.  A  history  of  the  Engineering  Divi¬ 
sion,  Ordnance  Department,  chiefly  for  the  year  1918  (63  pages). 

Ordnance,  minor  divisions  and  sections.  The  historical  papers  rela¬ 
tive  to  the  organization  and  operations  of  the  Ordnance  Department 
embrace  also  those  dealing  with  the  Inspection  Division,  Property 
Division,  Civilian  Personnel  Division,  Small  Arms  Division,  Equipment 
Division,  and  the  Finance  Section  of  the  General  Administration  Bu¬ 
reau. 

Ordnance,  District  Offices.  Historical  data  relative  to  the  organiza¬ 
tion  and  functions  of  the  district  ordnance  offices,  located  at  Boston, 
Mass. ;  Bridgeport,  Conn. ;  New  York  and  Rochester,  N.  Y. ;  Philadel¬ 
phia,  Pa. ;  Chicago,  Ill. ;  Cleveland  and  Cincinnati,  Ohio ;  Pittsburgh, 
Pa.;  Detroit,  Mich.;  and  Ottawa,  Canada  (74  pages). 

Construction  Division,  Patriotic  Promotion  Section  of  the  Adminis¬ 
tration  Division.  History  of  the  Section,  by  its  Chief,  Major  Newman 
H.  Raymond  (68  pages).  The  purpose  in  organizing  this  section  was  to 
give  the  employees  of  the  Construction  Division  correct  information  with 
regard  to  the  causes  of  the  war,  why  the  United  States  was  in  it,  and  the 
duty  of  the  government  on  the  various  questions  growing  out  of  it.  In 
this  paper  Major  Raymond  tells  of  the  effects  of  meetings  at  Norfolk 
and  Camp  Eustis,  Va. ;  Camp  Grant,  Ill.;  Fort  Dodge,  Iowa;  Curtis 
Bay,  Camp  Holabird,  and  Aberdeen,  Md. ;  and  Azalea,  N.  C. 

Central  Bureau  of  Planning  and  Statistics.  A  paper  on  its  organiza¬ 
tion  and  functions  (13  pages);  proceedings  of  several  weekly  confer¬ 
ences  of  the  Statistical  Group  and  Central  Bureau  Staff. 

[“The  Central  Bureau  of  Planning  and  Statistics  came  into  existence  early 
in  June  of  1918,  for  the  express  purpose  of  preparing  for  the  attention  of  the 


68 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


President  a  conspectus  of  all  the  present  war  activities  of  the  government,  on 
which  conspectus  could  be  based  a  periodical  checking  up  of  actual  operations 
and  results.  ...  In  developing  the  conspectus,  the  Central  Bureau  of  Plan¬ 
ning  and  Statistics  found  it  necessary  to  inform  itself  with  regard  to  the  sta¬ 
tistical  data  available  in  the  various  govermnental  departments,  and  in  doing 
so  it  discovered  that  the  preparation  of  the  conspectus  involved  a  second  and 
supplemental  service  of  vital  importance  to  the  government.  Investigations 
made  in  July  of  1918  by  representatives  of  the  Central  Bureau  disclosed  the 
fact  that  in  the  gathering  and  compiling  of  statistical  data  there  was  very 
considerable  duplication.  The  industries,  notably  the  ship-building  industry, 
were  being  burdened  with  the  answering  of  innumerable  questionnaires,  many 
of  which  sought  information  of  a  character  necessitating  a  vast  amount  of 
clerical  labor  and  the  interruption  of  highly  important  war  work.  Moreover, 
the  same  questions,  addressed  to  the  same  firms  and  individuals,  would  fre¬ 
quently  appear  in  a  number  of  questionnaires ;  and  questionnaires  would  be 
sent  out  by  one  governmental  agency  in  quest  of  information  which  had  al¬ 
ready  been  compiled  and  brought  up  to  the  minute  by  another.  .  .  .  The  pro¬ 
gram  of  the  Central  Bureau  was  therefore  expanded  to  include  not  only  (1) 
the  preparation  of  a  periodic  survey  or  conspectus  of  all  the  war  activities  of 
the  government,  but  also  (2)  the  organization  and  maintenance  of  a  Clearing 
House  of  Statistical  Information.”] 

Central  Bureau  of  Planning  and  Statistics,  Statistical  Clearing 
House.  Two  bulletins:  (1)  List  of  Food  Statistics,  giving  the  most  im¬ 
portant  sources  of  statistical  information  on  food  and  telling  briefly 
what  governmental  bureaus  and  responsible  private  agencies  had  col¬ 
lected  on  each  commodity  (463  pages)  ;  (2)  List  of  Fuel  and  Petroleum 
Statistics,  showing  the  principal  sources,  both  original  and  secondary, 
of  statistics  on  fuel  and  petroleum  and  the  offices  in  Washington  from 
which  the  tabulations  may  be  obtained  (46  pages).  A  copy  of  each  of 
these  bulletins  is  in  the  Library  of  Congress. 

Weekly  Statistical  News,  September  10,  1918,  to  June  12,  1919.  A 
periodical  (about  15  pages  in  each  number),  issued  by  the  Central 
Statistical  Clearing  House  for  the  information  of  government  statistical 
agencies. 

War  Industries  Board,  Resources  and  Conversion  Section.  A  report 
by  the  Regional  Advisor,  Region  No.  3  (New  York),  on  the  activities  of 
his  office  (11  pages). — ^Reports  for  other  regions  are  in  the  same  folder. 

Council  of  National  Defense,  State  Councils  Section.  Bulletins,  form 
letters,  and  news  articles,  signed  by  the  chief  of  the  section  and  ad¬ 
dressed  to  the  several  State  Councils  of  Defense.  They  contain  chiefly  in¬ 
formation  and  recommendations. 

Council  of  National  Defense,  Commission  on  Training  Camp  Ac- 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


69 


tivities.  Bulletins  issued  by  the  chief  of  the  State  Councils  Section  and 
sent  to  the  State  Councils  of  Defense. 

War  Industries  Board,  Division  of  Statistics.  Biilletins  Nos.  3-8 
(February-May,  1918)  on  war  contracts.  The  material  in  these  bulle¬ 
tins  was  derived  from  answers  to  the  following  questions  addressed  to 
firms  having  war  contracts. 

1.  At  what  per  cent  of  its  full  capacity  is  your  plant  operating? 

2.  If  you  are  behind  on  your  scheduled  deliveries  on  war  orders,  do  you 
attribute  this  to  labor  troubles,  inability  to  secure  labor,  inability  to  secure 
materials,  car  shortage,  coal  shortage,  or  other  causes  ? 

3.  How  much  other  war  business  and  of  what  sort  could  you  handle  in  your 
present  plant  in  addition  to  that  which  you  now  have  ? 

Silk  Association  of  America.  Forty-Sixth  Annual  Report  containing 
an  account  of  the  cooperation  of  the  association' with  the  government 
during  the  war  (126  pages). 

Small  arms  and  ammunition.  A  paper  relative  to  the  organization  and 
operation  of  the  Committee  on  Small  Arms  and  Ammunition  of  the 
Munitions  Standards  Board  (17  pages). 

Smithsonian  Institution.  A  memorandum  relative  to  the  war  work 
performed  under  the  various  branches  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution 
(10  pages). 

Southern  Pine  Emergency  Bureau.  An  account  of  the  formation,  or¬ 
ganization,  and  activities  of  the  Southern  Pine  Emergency  Bureau  (9 
pages). — A  printed  report  on  the  distribution  of  orders  to  June  30, 
1918  (8  pages). 

Spruce  Production  Corporation.  Final  report  of  the  Contract  Board 
for  the  cancellation  of  contracts  (28  pages). — Final  report  of  the  Sales 
Board  (8  pages). — General  Orders  of  the  War  Department  relative  to 
spruce  production,  etc.  (56  pages). 

Spruce  Production  Division.  War  Department  bulletins  relative  to 
spruce  production  (196  pages). — History  of  the  division  (300  pages). 

Services  of  Supply,  A.E.F.  The  records  of  the  Services  of  Supply, 
A.E.F.,  were  shipped  from  France  in  about  3000  filing  drawers  and 
distributed  among  the  appropriate  services  of  the  War  Department 
(Quartermaster,  Ordnance,  Engineer  Corps,  etc.).  The  histories  of 
the  various  services,  prepared  under  the  supervision  of  the  Historical 
Branch,  and  the  records  of  the  General  Purchasing  Agent  w'ere  de¬ 
posited  with  the  Historical  Branch.  They  include  the  following  docu¬ 
ments  : 


70 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


History  of  Transportation  Corps,  A.E.F.  A  detailed  study  of  or¬ 
ganization,  personnel,  railroad  and  port  operation,  and  engineering 
activity,  supported  by  copies  of  original  documents  from  D.G.T.  files. 

Report  of  Commanding  General,  S.O.S.,  to  Commanding  General, 
A.E.F. ,  Tours,  May  25,  1918.  Review  of  activities  of  S.O.S.,  sup¬ 
ported  by  special  reports  from  chiefs  of  supply  services. 

Report  of  Board  on  Ports  appointed  by  Commanding  General,  A.E.F., 
en  route  to  France.  Recommends  the  use  of  Atlantic  ports  of  France, 
specifying  those  immediately  available  and  troops  and  equipment  neces¬ 
sary. 

Memorandum  from  Major  General  J.  G.  Harbord  to  Commanding 
General,  A.E.F.,  May,  1919.  Refers  to  conditions  when  Commanding 
General,  A.E.F.,  and  Staff  arrived  in  France  in  June,  1917.  Specific 
reference  deals  with  railroad  situation  and  the  rail  lines  of  communica¬ 
tion  then  available.  This  memorandum  was  dictated  personally  by  Gen¬ 
eral  Harbord  while  he  was  Commanding  General,  S.O.S. 

History  of  G-l,  S.O.S. 

History  of  G-2,  S.O.S. 

History  of  G~4i,  S.O.S. 

History  of  the  Ordnance  Department,  S.O.S. 

History  of  the  Signal  Corps,  S.O.S. 

History  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  S.O.S. 

History  of  the  Motor  Transport  Corps. 

Report  of  the  General  Purchasing  Agent. 

Report  of  the  American  member  of  the  Military  Board  of  Allied 
Supply. 

A  collection  of  histories  of  each  geographical  section  of  the  S.O.S. 
except  Base  Section  No.  9.  These  histories  were  prepared  by  section 
historians,  under  the  supervision  of  the  section  commanders,  for  the  His¬ 
torical  Section,  General  Staff,  S.O.S.  They  include  a  description  of  the 
section  and  the  activities  therein  of  the  various  services  as  well  as  non¬ 
technical  descriptions  of  the  important  projects. 

ORDNANCE  DEPARTMENT 

Organization  and  Functions 

The  function  of  the  Ordnance  Department  was  to  supply  the 
army  with  materiel  and  for  the  performance  of  this  function  it  was 
organized  in  the  following  divisions:  (1)  Administrative,  (2)  Esti¬ 
mates  and  Requirements,  (3)  Engineering,  (4)  Procurement,  (5) 
Inspection,  (6)  Supply,  (7)  Nitrate,  (8)  Office  of  Director  of  Ar- 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


71 


senals.  For  the  supervision  of  productive  operations  in  the  field,  the 
United  States  and  Canada  were  divided  into  thirteen  ordnance  dis¬ 
tricts,  each  under  a  district  chief  responsible  to  the  Chief  of  Ord¬ 
nance  and  with  headquarters  in  one  of  the  principal  cities.  The 
operations  of  the  divisions  in  Washington  were  for  the  most  part 
administrative  or  technical;  the  operations  of  the  district  offices 
were  primarily  of  an  economic  character. 

Publications 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  1917 
(Washington,  1917,  47  pages).  Equipment;  receipts  and  expenditures. 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  .  .  .  1918  (Washington,  1918,  30 
pages).  Reorganization;  Procurement  Division;  Production  Division; 
Supply  Division;  expenditures. 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  Ordnance  .  .  .  1919  (Washington,  1919,  97 
pages).  A  review  of  operations  from  April,  1917,  to  November,  1918; 
the  ordnance  problem ;  estimated  requirements  ;  Ordnance  Claims  Board ; 
Ordnance  Salvage  Board ;  ordnance  schools ;  industrial  service ;  district 
offices. 

Ordnance  and  the  World  War,  a  Contribution  to  the  History  of 
American  Preparedness,  by  Major  General  William  Crozier  (New  York, 
1920,  292  pages).  A  reply  to  criticisms  with  regard  to  progress  made  in 
the  procurement  of  ordnance  and  ordnance  stores  during  the  early 
months  of  the  war.  [Unofficial.] 

Estimates  and  Requirements  Division  (Washington,  1919,  70  pages). 
Organization  and  operation  of  the  division  during  the  war. 

Definition  of  “Cost”  pertaining  to  Contracts  (Washington,  1917,  12 
pages). 

Price  List  of  Ordnance  and  Ordnance  Stores  (Washington,  1917,  54 
pages). 

Ordnance  Property  Regulations  (Washington,  1917,  135  pages). 
Purchase  of  ordnance  property ;  manufacture  of  ordnance  property ; 
sales  of  ordnance  property. 

Cost  of  Manufacture  of  Guns,  etc.,  in  Government  Arsenals.  Letter 
from  the  Secretary  of  War  transmitting  statement  submitted  by  the 
Chief  of  Ordnance  of  the  costs  of  all  types  and  experimental  manufac¬ 
ture  of  guns  and  other  articles  and  the  average  cost  of  the  several 
classes  of  guns  and  other  articles  manufactured  by  the  government  at 
the  several  arsenals  (1918,  House  Document  1373,  65th  Congress,  3rd 
Session,  128  pages). 


72 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Cost  of  Guns,  etc.  Letter  from  the  Acting  Secretary  of  War  trans¬ 
mitting  a  letter  submitting  statements  of  the  cost  of  guns  and  other  arti¬ 
cles  manufactured  by  the  government  at  the  several  arsenals  during  the 
fiscal  year  1919  (House  Document  496,  66th  Congress,  2nd  Session,  158 
pages). 

History  of  District  Offices  (Washington,  1920).  In  12  pamphlets,  one 
for  each  office;  the  introduction  (22  pages)  is  the  same  in  all  pam¬ 
phlets.  The  remainder  of  each  pamphlet  is  devoted  to  a  brief  narrative 
of  the  operations  of  the  particular  district,  showing  what  ordnance  was 
produced,  by  what  firms,  where  these  were  located,  etc.  Some  of  the 
major  operations  were  for  the  production  of  the  following: 

Baltimore  District:  shrapnel  in  the  city  of  Baltimore;  amatol  at 
Perryville,  Md. ;  guncotton  at  Hopewell,  Va. 

Boston  District :  cartridges  at  Lowell,  Mass. ;  howitzer  carriages  at 
Worcester,  Mass. 

Bridgeport  District:  machine  guns,  aircraft  guns,  rifles,  and  bayo¬ 
nets. 

Chicago  District:  big  guns  at  Madison,  Wis. ;  shells  at  Chicago. 

Cincinnati  District :  tanks,  explosives,  and  small-arms  ammunition. 

Cleveland  District:  railway  mounts  at  Alhance,  Ohio;  gun  carriages 
at  Toledo ;  tanks  at  Dayton ;  shell  fuses  at  Cleveland. 

Detroit  District:  howitzer  recuperators,  shells,  tanks,  artillery  cais¬ 
sons,  and  helmets. 

New  York  District:  equipment,  cannon,  small  arms,  and  explosives. 

Philadelphia  District:  gun  forgings,  railway  mounts,  rifles,  explo¬ 
sives,  and  helmets. 

Pittsburgh  District :  guns,  shells,  and  optical  glass. 

Rochester  District :  optical  glass,  small  arms,  and  picric  acid. 

St.  Louis  District :  shells,  small  arms,  picric  acid,  and  kelp. 

“History  of  the  Aberdeen  Proving  Ground,”  by  Major  F.  P.  Lindh 
(in  American  Machinist,  Vol.  50,  Nos.  10,  11,  and  13,  March,  1919). 
[Unofficial.] 

Munitions  Manufacture  in  the  Philadelphia  Ordnance  District,  by 
William  Bradford  Wilhams  (Philadelphia,  1921,  674  pages).  Produc¬ 
tion  ;  inspection ;  achievements  of  some  of  the  manufacturers ;  settle¬ 
ment  of  claims.  [Unofficial.] 

Ordnance  Schools  during  the  Period  of  the  War  (Washington,  1919, 
48  pages).  Supply  schools;  inspection  division  training  schools;  motor 
instruction  schools ;  welding  schools ;  education  and  training  in  the  Ord¬ 
nance  Department. 

The  Manufacture  of  Optical  Glass  and  of  Optical  Systems,  a  War- 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


73 


Time  Problem  (Washington,  1921,  309  pages).  Characteristics  of  opti¬ 
cal  glass ;  raw  materials ;  furnaces  and  furnace  operations ;  etc. 

Report  on  the  Fixation  and  Utilization  of  Nitrogen,  prepared  by  the 
Nitrate  Division  with  the  assistance  of  the  Fixed  Nitrogen  Research 
Laboratory,  Department  of  Agriculture  (Washington,  1922,  353 
pages).  Includes  a  discussion  of  the  nitrogen  situation  of  the  world  to¬ 
gether  with  pertinent  world  statistics ;  a  discussion  of  the  history, 
chemistry,  and  construction  and  operating  costs  of  the  various  nitrogen 
fixation  processes ;  and  a  history  and  description  of  the  United  States 
government  nitrate  plants. 


Records 

Ordnance  Department  Correspondence  File,  “a  subjective  decimal 
classification  for  arranging  and  filing  Ordnance  Department  corre¬ 
spondence  in  conjunction  with  the  War  Department  Correspondence 
File”  (Washington,  1918,  62  pages). 

In  the  Historical  Branch  of  the  Ordnance  Department  were  as¬ 
sembled  the  data  from  which  to  prepare  a  list  of  the  firms  in  each 
State  to  which  ordnance  contracts  w^ere  awarded,  together  with 
statistics  showing  the  kind  and  amount  of  ordnance  produced  by 
each  firm. 


CONSTRUCTION  DIVISION 
Organization  and  Functions 

On  May  16,  1917,  the  oflicer  in  charge  of  the  Construction  and 
Repair  Division  of  the  Quartermaster  Corps  was  detailed  to  the  ex¬ 
clusive  work  of  cantonment  construction ;  the  unit  thus  established 
was  officially  designated,  in  an  order  of  February  12,  1918,  as  the 
Cantonment  Division ;  and,  by  an  order  of  March  13  following,  the 
Cantonment  Division,  together  with  the  Construction  and  Repair 
Division  of  the  Quartermaster  Corps,  was  constituted  the  Construc¬ 
tion  Division  of  the  Arm3\ 

The  business  of  the  Cantonment  Division  was  the  construction  of 
the  sixteen  cantonments  for  the  National  Army  and  sixteen  tent 
camps  for  the  National  Guard  troops.  The  functions  of  the  Con¬ 
struction  Division  were  to  secure  funds  for,  design,  build,  maintain, 
repair,  and  operate  the  utilities  of  all  construction  projects  recom¬ 
mended  by  a  line  command  or  staff  service  and  approved  by  the 


74 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Secretary  of  War,  within  the  continental  and  territorial  limits  of 
the  United  States,  except  fortifications  and  construction  authorized 
by  river  and  harbor  legislation. 

The  division  was  organized  in  seven  subdivisions,  namely:  Ad¬ 
ministrative,  Procurement,  Contracts,  Engineering,  Building,  Ac¬ 
counting,  and  Utilities.  The  Building  Dhusion  and  the  Utilities  Di¬ 
vision  were  essentially  executive  in  character ;  the  other  five  were 
more  of  the  nature  of  advisory  bodies.  The  Building  Division  man¬ 
aged  aU  new  construction;  the  Utilities  Division  all  maintenance, 
repair,  and  operation  of  utilities.  These  two  divisions  selected  the 
personnel  and  formed  the  local  organizations  through  which  the 
work  in  the  field  was  performed,  awarded  contracts,  and  requisi¬ 
tioned  materials,  but  they  secured  their  authority  and  funds,  the 
assignment  of  their  personnel,  plans  for  their  work,  and  expert  ad¬ 
vice  from  the  other  divisions.  For  example,  personnel  and  funds  were 
secured  through,  or  on  the  advice  of,  the  Administrative  Division; 
estimates,  plans,  and  specifications  through  the  Engineering  Divi¬ 
sion;  the  approval  and  interpretation  of  their  contracts  from  the 
Contracts  Division ;  their  building  materials  and  equipment,  except 
when  provided  by  the  contractor,  from  the  Procurement  Division; 
and  their  system  of  disbursing,  accounting,  and  auditing  from  the 
Accounting  Division.  The  chief  of  the  division  was  directly  under 
the  Chief  of  Staff  but  was  governed  rather  by  the  Operations  Divi¬ 
sion  of  the  General  Staff. 


Publications 

Annual  Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Construction  Division  for  the  Fiscal 
Year  ended  June  30,  1918  (Washington,  1919,  107  pages).  Canton¬ 
ment  construction. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Construction  Division  .  .  .  1919 
(Washington,  1920,  319  pages).  New  construction;  contracts;  lists  of 
contractors ;  value  of  orders  placed. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Construction  Division  to  the  Secre¬ 
tary  of  War,  1920  (Washington,  1920,  83  pages).  History  of  the  divi¬ 
sion. 

National  Army  Cantonments,  Plans,  and  Photographs,  June,  1918 
(Washington,  1918).  A  compilation  of  plans  of  the  sixteen  national 
army  cantonments,  together  with  photographs  showing  typical  build- 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


75 


ings  and  their  construction,  selected  from  photographs  sent  from  the 
various  cantonments. 

The  Worh  of  the  Construction  Division  of  the  Army  (Philadelphia, 
1920,  43  pages ;  reprinted  from  Journal  of  the  Engineers  Club  of  Phila¬ 
delphia,  March,  1920).  An  article  written  with  the  permission  of  the 
Secretary  of  War,  by  Lieutenant  Colonel  E.  B.  Morden,  U.S.A.,  the 
constructing  quartermaster  at  Philadelphia ;  with  a  foreword  by  Briga¬ 
dier  General  R.  C.  Marshall,  Jr.,  U.S.A.,  chief  of  the  Construction 
Division  of  the  Army ;  and  with  a  graphical  data  section  compiled  under 
the  supervision  of  Colonel  G.  R.  Solomon,  U.S.A.,  chief  of  the  Engineer¬ 
ing  Branch  of  the  Construction  Division. 

The  Constructor,  a  semi-monthly  publication  issued  by  the  Construc¬ 
tion  Division  from  July  5  to  November  5,  1918,  “for  the  purpose  of  co¬ 
ordinating  and  solidifying  the  various  branches  and  sections.”  Among 
leading  articles  are  the  following:  “Lumber  Yard  Operated  by  Con¬ 
struction  Division  to  save  Government  Quarter  Million  Dollars  Annu¬ 
ally”  ;  “The  Necessity  for  Cost  Accounting” ;  “Labor” ;  “Engineering 
for  the  Construction  Division  of  the  Army”;  “Conservation  of  Waste 
Products  at  Camps” ;  “Cooperation  in  the  Management  of  Camp 
Utilities”;  “Building  up  and  Maintaining  Morale  of  Workers”;  “Perti¬ 
nent  Paragraphs  about  the  Construction  Division.” 

Records 

The  Construction  Division  has  compiled  and  preserved  a  record 
of  its  organization,  functions,  and  operations  during  the  war  in  573 
typewritten  volumes.  A  general  history  in  one  volume  (265  pages), 
is  composed  of  three  parts:  (1)  cantonment  construction  from  May, 
1917,  to  March,  1918;  (2)  other  emergency  construction  from  Oc¬ 
tober  5,  1917,  to  November  11,  1918;  (3)  demobilization.  The  his¬ 
tories  of  the  seven  branches  or  subdivisions  constitute  Appendix  I, 
and  the  histories  or  completion  reports  of  the  construction  projects 
constitute  Appendix  II.  A  resume,  in  17  volumes  of  200  pages  each, 
covers  both  the  general  history  and  the  completion  reports.  The 
Historical  Section,  Army  War  College,  has  a  copy  of  the  general 
history  and  of  most  of  the  completion  reports. 

The  history  of  the  Administration  Division  (Appendix  I-l)  sur¬ 
veys  the  operations  of  the  Office  Service  Section,  Organization  and 
Methods  Section,  Industrial  Service  Section,  Labor  Procurement 
Section,  Patriotic  Promotion  Section,  and  Protection  and  Investi- 


76 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


gation  Section.  The  history  of  the  Engineering  Division  (Appendix 
1-2,  2  volumes)  surveys  the  operations  of  the  Camp  Planning  Sec¬ 
tion,  the  Expediting  Section,  the  Hospital  Section,  the  Camp  Trans¬ 
portation  FaciHties  Section,  the  Electrical  Power  and  Illuminating 
Section,  the  Heating,  Plumbing,  Bakery,  and  Laundry  Equipment 
Section,  the  Mechanical  Equipment  Section,  the  Refrigeration  Sec¬ 
tion,  the  Sewage  and  Sanitation  Section,  and  the  Water  Supply 
Section.  The  history  of  the  Building  Division  (Appendix  1-5)  is 
presented  under  the  following  heads:  southern  camps  and  quarter¬ 
master  shops,  northern  camps  and  general  hospitals,  storage  and 
terminals,  ordnance  depots,  manufacturing  and  proving  plants, 
equipment  and  materials.  The  histories  of  the  Contracts  Division, 
Procurement  Division,  Accounting  Division,  and  Utilities  or  Main¬ 
tenance  and  Repair  Divisions  are  brief. 

A  general  report  contains  organization  charts,  lists  of  projects, 
and  tabulated  statements  relative  to  appropriations,  expenditures, 
allotments,  labor,  and  procurement  of  materials. 

The  history  or  completion  report  of  each  of  the  several  hundred 
projects  deals  with  the  following  matters :  attitude  and  activities  of 
local  people,  equipment  and  tools,  fire  prevention,  heating,  labor  and 
labor  difficulties,  housing  and  feeding  laborers,  materials,  railways 
and  railway  construction,  roads  and  road  construction,  sanitation, 
sewage,  drainage,  and  water  supply.  The  narrative  is  followed  by 
plans  and  photographs.  For  a  list  of  projects  see  “Project  Direc¬ 
tory,”  as  of  December  1,  1919,  in  Report  of  Chief  of  Construction 
Division,  1919,  pp.  285-305. 

TRANSPORTATION  SERVICE 
Organization  and  Functions 

The  Transportation  Service,  a  combination  of  the  Embarkation 
Service  and  the  Inland  Traffic  Service,  grew  out  of  conditions  de¬ 
manding  a  means  of  preventing  the  congestion  of  traffic,  especially 
at  ports  of  embarkation,  which  resulted  from  the  decentralized  sys¬ 
tem  of  the  Transportation  Division,  Quartermaster  Corps.  The  Em¬ 
barkation  Service  was  formed  under  General  Orders,  No.  102,  War 
Department,  August  4,  1917,  to  coordinate  shipments  of  munitions 
and  supplies  as  well  as  troop  movements  to  Europe,  to  supervise 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


77 


movements  of  supplies  from  points  of  origin  to  ports  of  embarka¬ 
tion,  to  control  the  employment  of  trans-Atlantic  transports,  and 
to  arrange  with  the  navy  for  convoy  service.  The  Inland  Traffic 
Service  was  established  as  a  branch  of  the  Purchase,  Storage,  and 
Traffic  Division,  in  January,  1918,  to  exercise  control  over  matters 
pertaining  to  routing  and  inland  transportation  of  aU  troops  and 
property  by  whatever  means  of  transport,  and  the  director  of  the 
service  was  ex  officio  chairman  of  the  Priorities  Committee  of  the 
War  Department.  The  Embarkation  Service  and  Inland  Traffic 
Service  were  combined  in  March,  1919,  to  form  the  Transportation 
Service,  which,  in  the  following  month,  was  charged  with  all  trans¬ 
portation  activities  of  the  War  Department  except  those  pertaining 
to  the  Motor  Transport  Corps.  It  was  organized  in  four  main  divi¬ 
sions,  the  Administrative  Division,  the  Water  Transportation  Divi¬ 
sion,  the  Rail  Transportation  Division,  and  the  Animal  Draum 
Transportation  Division.  The  chief  of  the  service  was  in  liaison 
with  the  Chief  of  Naval  Operations;  the  Water  Transportation  Di¬ 
vision,  in  liaison  vdth  the  United  States  Shipping  Board;  and  the 
Railroad  Transportation  Division,  in  liaison  with  the  United  States 
Railroad  Administration. 


Publications 

Annual  Report  of  the  Chief  of  Transportation  Service,  1919  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  190  pages).  Conditions  leading  to  the  organization  of  the 
service ;  results  obtained  by  Embarkation  and  Inland  Traffic  services ; 
troop  movement;  return  troop  movement;  Rail  Transportation  Divi¬ 
sion,  organization  and  operations;  Water  Transportation  Division; 
statistics. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Chief  of  Transportation  Service,  1920  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1920,  64  pages).  Field  organization;  marine  operations;  sta¬ 
tistics. 

The  Road  to  France:  The  Transportation  of  Troops  and  Military 
Supplies,  1917-1918,  by  Benedict  Crowell,  Assistant  Secretary  of  War 
and  Director  of  Munitions,  1917-1920,  and  Robert  Forrest  Wilson,  for¬ 
merly  Captain,  U.S.  Army  (New  Haven  and  London,  1921,  2  volumes, 
675  pages).  Troop  movement ;  war  freight  problem  and  its  solution ;  the 
Embarkation  Service ;  the  process  of  embarkation ;  troop  ships ;  the  new 
merchant  marine ;  quest  for  cargo  tonnage ;  the  Shipping  Control  Com¬ 
mittee;  convoying;  marine  camouflage.  [Unofficial.] 


78 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Records 

The  records  of  the  Transportation  Service  embrace  correspond¬ 
ence,  reports,  memoranda,  and  statistical  data  relative  to  every  ma¬ 
jor  operation  of  the  organization.  The  following  items  are  suffi¬ 
cient  for  illustration: 

A  copy  of  the  survey  of  all  vessels  under  the  American  flag  made  at 
the  beginning  of  the  war  by  a  Joint  Board  of  Maritime  Affairs  to  de¬ 
termine  their  suitability  for  use  by  the  government. 

Memoranda  and  correspondence  relative  to  the  survey  of  German  and 
Austrian  interned  vessels,  preparation  for  repairing  damage  done  by  the 
Germans,  and  their  conversion  for  use  as  transports. 

Correspondence  and  memoranda  leading  up  to  the  acquisition  by  the 
War  Department  of  the  steamships  Northern  Pacific  and  Great  North¬ 
ern,  together  with  reports  and  data  pertaining  to  these  vessels. 

Memoranda  and  correspondence  covering  the  establishment  of  the 
ports  of  embarkation  and  port  terminals. 

Memoranda  and  correspondence  relative  to  the  shipment  of  heavy 
supplies,  such  as  motor  vehicles  and  railway  engines. 

Memoranda  and  correspondence  relative  to  the  shipment  of  explo¬ 
sives  and  gasolene,  and  reports  pertaining  to  each  vessel  used  for  these 
purposes. 

Correspondence  and  agreements  with  the  British  government  and 
commercial  lines  of  other  countries  pertaining  to  the  use  of  vessels  for 
the  Army  Transport  Service. 

Data  relative  to  the  dispatch  of  the  first  convoy  of  American  ves¬ 
sels  and  subsequent  convoys  of  mixed  ships. 

Correspondence  relative  to  the  chartering  of  American  commercial 
vessels  for  the  return  of  the  troops  from  France,  together  with  charters 
and  data  pertaining  to  the  individual  vessels  acquired  in  this  manner. 

Correspondence  and  memoranda  relative  to  the  construction  by  com¬ 
mercial  shipbuilders  of  harbor  boats,  mine  planters,  barges,  and  tankers. 

Correspondence  and  memoranda  pertaining  to  special  problems  in 
life  saving,  including  ideas  and  inventions  of  private  individuals. 

Charts  showing  transports  in  the  service. 

Lists  of  vessels  in  the  transport  service. 

Records  of  each  vessel  showing  investigation  of  accidents,  technical 
data,  passenger  lists,  manifests,  etc. 

Correspondence  and  memoranda  relative  to  the  organization  of  the 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


79 


Inland  Traffic  Service,  and  the  movement  of  troops  and  supplies  in  co¬ 
ordination  with  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration. 

Data  relative  to  troop  and  equipment  movements  and  the  movement 
of  supplies  by  freight  and  by  express. 

Correspondence  and  data  relative  to  the  establishment  of  shuttle  train 
movements  at  large  camps,  munition  plants,  and  manufacturing  estab¬ 
lishments  making  war  material. 

Correspondence  and  data  relative  to  tank  cars  for  the  movement  of 
acids  and  oils. 


MOTOR  TRANSPORT  CORPS 
Creation,  Organization,  and  Functions 

The  War  Department  procured  its  first  automotive  machine  in 
1903.  It  had  89  such  machines  when  disturbances  on  the  Mexican 
border,  in  1916,  afforded  an  occasion  for  demonstrating  the  effi¬ 
ciency  and  necessity  of  the  motor  truck  for  army  transportation. 
Following  the  entrance  of  the  United  States  into  the  World  War, 
the  Ordnance  Department,  Corps  of  Engineers,  Signal  Corps,  and 
Medical  Corps  of  the  army  entered  into  a  wasteful  competition  in 
the  procurement  of  a  confusing  variety  of  automotive  equipment. 
A  remedy  was  attempted  April  18,  1918,  by  the  issue  of  Special 
Orders  No.  91  and  General  Orders  No.  38.  Special  Orders  No.  91 
appointed  a  board  of  officers  “to  make  a  study  of  types  of  motor 
vehicles  to  be  used  in  all  branches  of  the  service  and  to  recommend 
to  the  Chief  of  Staff  all  special  designs  of  adopted  types  necessi¬ 
tated  by  the  peculiar  requirements  of  the  various  bureaus,  wdth  a 
view  to  reducing  the  number  of  types  and  securing  a  maximum  in¬ 
terchangeability  of  parts.”  General  Orders  No.  38  established  a 
Motor  Transport  Service  as  a  part  of  the  Quartermaster  Corps  to 
cooperate  with  the  standardization  board  and  to  have  charge  of  the 
purchase,  procurement,  maintenance,  repair,  and  storage  of  all 
motor  vehicles  except  tractors  of  the  caterpillar  type.  Four  months 
later,  August  15,  1918,  the  Motor  Transport  Corps  was  created 
for  “the  existing  emergency”  by  General  Orders  No.  75,  with  func¬ 
tions  enumerated  as  follows:  (1)  technical  supervision  of  all  motor 
vehicles  except  tractors  of  the  caterpillar  type  and  tanks;  (2)  de¬ 
sign,  production,  procurement,  reception,  storage,  maintenance  and 


80 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


replacement  of  motor  vehicles,  and  accounting  for  same;  (3)  de¬ 
sign,  production,  procurement,  storage  and  supply  of  spare  and  re¬ 
pair  parts,  tools,  accessories  and  supplies  of  motor  vehicles,  and  ac¬ 
counting  for  same;  (4)  establishment  and  operation  of  all  Motor 
Transport  garages,  parks,  depots,  and  repair  shops;  (5)  procure¬ 
ment,  organization,  and  technical  training  of  Motor  Transport 
Corps  personnel;  (6)  salvage  and  evacuation  of  damaged  motor 
vehicles;  (7)  operation,  in  accordance  with  instructions  from  the 
proper  commanding  officer,  of  groups  of  motor  vehicles  of  the  first 
class,  i.e..,  cargo-carrying  and  passenger-carrying  motor  vehicles 
used  for  general  transportation  purposes;  (8)  preparation  of 
plans  for  hauhng  cargo  and  personnel  over  military  roads;  (9) 
procurement,  supply,  replacement,  and  preliminary  training  of 
personnel  for  the  operation  of  motor  vehicles  other  than  those  of 
the  first  class.  The  control  of  procurement  and  purchases  was  re¬ 
turned  to  the  Quartermaster  Corps  by  Circular  No.  87,  Purchase, 
Storage,  and  Trafiic  Division,  September  5,  1918. 

The  Motor  Transport  Corps  was  organized  in  four  divisions:  (1) 
Executive  Division,  charged  with  the  issue  of  orders,  bulletins,  and 
circulars,  the  preparation  of  estimates,  with  action  upon  surveys 
and  property  questions,  and  with  the  training  of  personnel;  (2) 
Service  Division,  charged  with  the  collection  and  compilation  of 
historical  data  and  statistics,  with  the  consideration  of  questions  of 
policy  and  efficiency,  and  with  changes  in  design  and  specifications 
of  motor  vehicles;  (3)  Operations  Division,  charged  with  the  regis¬ 
tration  of  all  motor  vehicles  belonging  to  the  army,  with  the  recep¬ 
tion,  assignment,  transfer,  and  storage  of  serviceable  and  unservice¬ 
able  motor  vehicles,  with  the  control  of  motor  convoys,  and  with  the 
marking,  mapping,  and  publishing  of  approved  road  routes  and 
traffic  control  regulations;  (4)  Maintenance  Division,  charged  with 
repair  of  motor  vehicles  for  the  army,  Avith  requisitioning  and  dis¬ 
tributing  spare  parts,  materials,  and  equipment,  with  the  operation 
of  repair  shops,  depots,  and  garages,  and  with  the  salvaging  of 
vehicles  and  parts. 

For  field  service  the  continental  United  States  was  divided  into 
six  districts.  Eastern,  Southeastern,  South  Central,  Southwestern, 
North  Central,  and  Northwestern. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


81 


Publications 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Motor  Transport  Corps  to  the  Secretary  of 
War,  1919  (Washington,  1920,  37  pages).  Evolution  of  the  Motor 
Transport  Corps  ;  organization ;  field  service ;  executive  division ;  serv¬ 
ice  division ;  operating  division ;  maintenance  division ;  documents  ;  sta¬ 
tistics. 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Motor  Transport  Corps  .  .  .  1920  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1920,  12  pages).  Training;  supply;  repair;  salvage;  standardi¬ 
zation. 

Manual  of  the  Motor  Transport  Corps,  A.E.F.,  Services  of  Supply, 
October,  1918  (n.p.,  n.d.).  Supply  system;  repair  system;  salvage  sys¬ 
tem;  organization  of  transport  work. 

Regulations  {Tentative)  for  Motor  Truck  Transportation,  Quarter¬ 
master  Corps,  U.S.  Army,  1917  (Washington,  1917,  54  pages). 

Records 

The  records  of  greatest  historical  value  have  been  segregated  to 
some  extent  and  classified  under  the  following  heads : 

Initial  procurement  of  motor  trucks,  automobiles,  motorcycles,  and 
bicycles  for  the  army.  Reports  of  progress  and  delivery.  Schedules  for 
delivery  overseas. 

Standardization  of  motor  vehicles  and  material.  History  of  the  de¬ 
velopment  of  the  Standard  “B”  Truck. 

Organization  of  repair  shops  in  each  of  the  districts  of  the  United 
States  and  in  the  areas  overseas.  Organization,  training,  and  equipping 
of  repair  units. 

Projects  for  delivery  of  motor  vehicles  overland  from  the  factories 
to  seaports,  resulting  in  the  establishment  of  motor  convoys.  These  rec¬ 
ords  contain  reports  of  the  convoys  and  histories  of  the  two  special 
trans-continental  convoys  from  Washington,  D.  C.,  to  California. 

Early  procurement  of  supplies  of  spare  parts  and  equipment  for  re¬ 
pair  shops  overseas.  This  function  was  later  performed  by  the  Director 
of  Purchase  and  Storage. 

Investigations  and  proceedings  with  regard  to  requirements  and 
methods  of  supply  of  motor  equipment  and  repair  material  overseas. 

Tests  of  all  kinds  of  motor  vehicles. 

Development  of  occupational  requirements.  Organization  of  training 
schools  for  Motor  Transport  personnel  as  chauffeurs  and  mechanics. 
Development  of  motion  pictures,  charts,  and  instruction  books  for  train¬ 
ing  purposes. 


82 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


An  official  history  of  the  Motor  Transport  Corps  in  two  manuscript 
volumes  (2000  pages)  has  been  prepared.  About  800  pages  deal  with 
the  activities  of  the  corps  in  the  United  States ;  the  other  1200  pages 
are  based  on  a  third  volume,  more  technical  in  character,  entitled,  “His¬ 
tory  of  the  Motor  Transport  Corps  in  A.E.F.” 

CORPS  OF  ENGINEERS 

The  major  operations  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers  during  the  war 
were  with  the  American  Expeditionary  Forces  in  France  and  an  ac¬ 
count  of  those  operations  is  contained  in  the  Historical  Report  of 
the  Chief  Engineer,  Including  all  Operations  of  the  Engineer  De¬ 
partment,  American  Expeditionary  Forces,  1917-1919  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1919,  437  pages).  There  are  sixty-eight  appendices  to  this 
history  which  were  not  published. 

Among  other  unpublished  records  are  thirty-six  temporarily 
bound  volumes  of  monthly  reports  on  operations  of  engineer  or¬ 
ganizations  both  in  the  United  States  and  in  France,  voluminous  re¬ 
ports  on  the  Engineer  Depot  at  Camp  Humphreys,  and  historical 
narratives  or  historical  and  statistical  data  relative  to  each  engineer 
organization. 

SIGNAL  CORPS 

A  review  of  the  operations  of  the  Signal  Corps  during  the  entire 
period  of  the  war  is  contained  in  the  Report  of  the  Chief  Signal 
Officer  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  1919  (Washington,  1919,  547 
pages).  This  report  was  based  upon  two  unpublished  histories:  “A 
History  of  the  Signal  Corps  in  the  A.E.F.”  (2000  typed  pages), 
and  “A  History  of  the  Signal  Corps  in  the  United  States.” 

AIR  SERVICE 

Creation,  Organization,  and  Functions 

“To  increase  the  efficiency  of  the  aviation  service  of  the  Army,” 
Congress,  by  act  of  July  18,  1914,  created  the  Aviation  Section  of 
the  Signal  Corps.  To  advise  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  and  the 
Chief  Signal  Officer  of  the  Army  with  respect  to  the  purchase  and 
production  of  aircraft.  Congress,  by  act  of  October  1,  1917,  created 
an  Aircraft  Board.  A  separation  of  the  Aviation  Section  from  the 
Signal  Corps  was  begun  in  April,  1918,  and  by  executive  order  of 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


83 


May  21,  1918,  the  aviation  service  was  organized  in  two  divisions, 
(1)  Division  of  Military  Aeronautics,  and  (2)  Bureau  of  Aircraft 
Production.  The  Division  of  Military  Aeronautics  was  charged  with 
the  supervision  of  the  operation  and  maintenance  of  all  military 
aircraft.  The  Bureau  of  Aircraft  Production,  the  chief  of  which 
was  the  chairman  of  the  Aircraft  Board,  was  given  complete  and 
exclusive  jurisdiction  and  control  over  the  production  of  airplanes, 
airplane  engines,  and  aircraft  production  for  the  use  of  the  army. 
The  bureau  was  organized  in  seven  divisions:  Executive,  Engi¬ 
neering,  Production,  Spruce  Production,  Procurement,  Finance, 
and  Advisory  and  Consulting.  To  expedite  the  financing  of  spruce 
production,  the  United  States  Spruce  Production  Corporation  was 
formed  in  August,  1918.  In  March,  1919,  the  principal  functions 
of  the  Division  of  Military  Aeronautics  and  the  Bureau  of  Aircraft 
Production  were  merged  to  form  the  Air  Service,  and  by  the  army 
reorganization  act  of  June  4,  1920,  the  Air  Service  was  made  a  co¬ 
ordinate  branch  of  the  line.  The  Bureau  of  Aircraft  Production,  the 
United  States  Spruce  Production  Corporation,  and  the  Air  Service 
Claims  Board  were  retained  as  parts  of  the  reorganized  service  only 
so  long  as  w^as  required  for  the  completion  of  their  financial  busi¬ 
ness. 


Publications 

Report  of  the  Director  of  Military  Aeronautics,  U.S.  Army,  to  the 
Secretary  of  War,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  12  pages).  Traces  the  de¬ 
velopment  of  the  organization  of  the  Air  Service  from  1914. 

Report  of  the  Bureau  of  Aircraft  Production,  1918  (Washington, 
1918,  11  pages).  Organization  and  operations  of  the  bureau. 

Report  of  the  Director  of  Air  Service  to  the  Secretary  of  War,  1920 
(Washington,  1920,  49  pages).  Division  of  Military  Aeronautics,  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Aircraft  Production,  United  States  Spruce  Production  Cor¬ 
poration,  and  Claims  Board. 

History  of  Spruce  Production  Division,  United  States  Army  (n.p., 
n.d.,  126  pages).  Labor  question ;  traffic  problem ;  legal  problem ;  costs  ; 
accomplishments . 

History  of  the  Supply  Section,  Division  of  Military  Aeronautics 
(Washington,  1919,  45  pages).  Liabilities  incurred;  achievements  in 
the  United  States ;  overseas  construction ;  Traffic  Section ;  Finance 
Branch ;  Motor  Transport  Branch. 


84 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Aircraft  Production  Facts,  by  G.  W.  Mixter  and  H.  H.  Emmons 
(Washington,  1919,  106  pages).  Production  of  aviation  engines;  pro¬ 
duction  of  airplanes ;  kite  balloons  and  the  balloon  cloth  problem. 

Records 

The  Air  Service  has  prepared  for  publication  a  history  of  the 
Bureau  of  Aircraft  Production  in  two  volumes,  and  many  support¬ 
ing  documents  have  been  assembled.  The  preparation  of  a  history 
of  the  Division  of  Military  Aeronautics  was  begun,  but  little  prog¬ 
ress  had  been  made  with  it,  other  than  the  assembly  of  documents, 
when  it  was  discontinued.  A  provisional  history  of  the  Air  Service, 
A.E.F.,  was  compiled  in  France  in  269  volumes  and  the  working  of 
this  into  a  finished  product  was  under  way  in  1920  but  was  discon¬ 
tinued  in  1921. 

The  records  of  the  Air  Service,  A.E.F.,  comprise  orders,  bulle¬ 
tins,  correspondence,  memoranda,  and  records  of  training,  supply 
and  property,  and  include  the  original  files  of  the  headquarters  of 
the  various  tactical  and  strategical  units,  and  the  records  of  supply 
depots,  instruction  centers,  etc.  The  following  items  taken  from  an 
incomplete  list  illustrate  their  classification: 

Records  of  the  Second  Aviation  Instruction  Center. 

Records  of  the  Third  Aviation  Instruction  Center. 

Records  of  the  Seventh  Aviation  Instruction  Center 

Records  of  Headquarters  1st  Air  Depot,  Zone  of  Advance. 

Records  of  Airplanes  Acceptance  and  Replacement  Department. 

Records  of  Headquarters,  Second  Pursuit  Group,  1st  Army. 

Records  of  Headquarters,  Seventh  Corps,  Air  Service. 

Records  of  Headquarters,  Fourth  Pursuit  Group. 

Records  of  Headquarters,  Fifth  Pursuit  Group. 

Records  of  Headquarters,  Observation  Group,  1st  Army. 

Records  of  Headquarters,  Air  Service,  2nd  Army. 

Records  of  the  Information  Group  Headquarters,  Air  Service,  A.E.F. 

Records  of  Air  Service  Representative,  G.H.Q.,  A.E.F. 

Records  of  Air  Service  Headquarters,  Paris  (26  file  cases). 

Records  of  Air  Service  Headquarters,  Tours  (18  file  cases). 

Special  Orders  pertaining  to  the  Third  Aviation  Instruction  Center, 
Headquarters  Zone  of  Advance,  and  various  other  stations. 

Records  of  the  Second  Aviation  Instruction  Center,  Tours. 

Records  from  Air  Service  Production  Center  No.  2,  Romorantin. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


85 


Records  of  the  Design  and  Projects  Division. 

Miscellaneous  records  of  Air  Service  stations. 

Cablegrams  filed  chronologically  and  by  subjects  in  bound  volumes. 


CHEMICAL  WARFARE  SERVICE 

Creation,  Organization,  and  Functions 

The  Chemical  Warfare  Service  was  created  under  General  Order 
No.  62,  War  Department,  June  28,  1918,  by  a  consolidation  in  one 
bureau  of  functions  that  had  previously  been  performed  by  the  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Mines,  the  Experiment  Station  at  American  University,  the 
Chemical  Service  Section  of  the  National  Army,  the  Gas  Defense 
Training  Section  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  the  Gas  and  Flame 
Troops  of  the  Corps  of  Engineers,  the  Ordnance  Department,  and 
the  Sanitary  Corps  of  the  Medical  Department. 

The  principal  divisions  of  the  service  within  the  United  States 
were  originally:  (1)  Research  Division,  at  American  University, 
Yale  University,  the  University  of  Ohio,  and  the  University  of  Wis¬ 
consin;  (2)  Development  Division,  in  charge  of  development  of 
manufacturing  processes  for  products  approved  by  the  Research 
Division,  at  Cleveland,  Ohio;  (3)  Gas  Defense  Division,  in  charge 
of  the  production  of  gas  masks  and  other  defensive  appliances,  at 
Long  Island  City,  N.  Y. ;  (4)  Gas  Offense  Division,  in  charge 
of  the  production  of  toxic  gases  and  other  substances  used  offen¬ 
sively  in  gas  warfare,  at  Baltimore  and  Edgewood,  Md. ;  (5) 
Medical  Division,  at  Washington,  D.  C. ;  (6)  Proving  Grounds  in 
New  Jersey.  There  were  also  important  activities  in  California, 
Massachusetts,  Michigan,  Tennessee,  and  West  Virginia. 

Publications 

Report  of  the  Chemical  Warfare  Service,  1918  (Washington,  1918, 
7  pages).  Creation,  organization,  and  functions  of  the  service. 

Report  of  the  Director  of  Chemical  Warfare  Service,  1919  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1920,  72  pages).  Organization,  functions,  statistics. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Chemical  Warfare  Service  for  the 
Fiscal  Year  ending  June 30, 1920  (Washington,  1920,  42  pages). 

Chemical  Warfare,  by  Amos  A.  Fries,  Chief,  Chemical  Warfare  Serv¬ 
ice,  and  Clarence  J.  West,  National  Research  Council  (New  York,  1921, 


86 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


445  pages).  Chlorine,  phosgene,  mustard  gas,  arsenic  derivatives,  car¬ 
bon  monoxide,  development  of  the  gas  mask,  absorbents,  peace-time  uses 
of  gas. 


Records 

The  Chemical  Warfare  Service  has  compiled  several  volumes  of 
historical  material  of  which  those  most  pertinent  to  this  survey  are 
as  follows: 

History  of  the  Chemical  Warfare  Service,  by  Wilder  D.  Bancroft 
(300  pages).  A  resume  of  activities  in  the  United  States  other  than 
those  of  the  Defense  Division.  Indexed. 

History  of  the  Administration  Division,  Chemical  Warfare  Service, 
U.S.A.  (10  pages). 

Final  Report  of  the  Development  Division,  Chemical  Warfare  Service, 
U.S.A.  Defense  Section  (6  volumes)  ;  Olfense  Section  (2  volumes). 

Final  Report  of  the  Gas  Defense  Division,  Chemical  Warfare  Service, 
U.S.A.  (59  volumes).  Many  documents  are  annexed  to  the  text;  maps 
and  charts ;  index. 

Final  Report  of  the  Gas  Offense  Division,  Chemical  Warfare  Service, 
U.S.A.  (12  volumes).  Maps,  charts,  and  documents;  index. 

Vol.  1.  Shell  Programs  and  Gas  Production;  History  of  Outside  Plants; 
Description  of  Chemical  Processes. 

Vol.  lA.  Chlorine  Plant. 

Vol.  2.  Water  Supply  System;  Sewer  System;  Steam  and  Air  Lines; 
Roads ;  Railroads. 

Vol.  3.  Chemical  Plants;  Temporary  Structures. 

Vol.  4.  Filling  Plants. 

Vol.  5.  Base  Hospital;  Permanent  Barracks. 

Vol.  6.  Bush  River  Power  House;  Transmission  and  Distribution  Lines. 

Vol.  7.  Cost  Data  on  Electrical  Installations  A. 

Vol.  8.  Cost  Data  on  Electrical  Installations  B. 

Vol.  9.  General  Historical  Sketches. 

Vol.  10.  Kingsport  Plant. 

Vol.  11.  Hastings  Plant. 

History  of  the  Proving  Division,  Chemical  Warfare  Service,  U.S.A. 
Brief. 

History  of  the  Training  Division,  Chemical  Warfare  Service,  U.S.A. 
Six  parts,  maps,  charts,  and  index. 

History  of  the  Chemical  Warfare  Service,  A.E.F.  Fifteen  parts  with 
maps  and  charts. 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


87 


The  voluminous  files  of  the  Chemical  Warfare  Service  contain 
daily,  weekly,  monthly,  and  annual  reports  on  a  variety  of  opera¬ 
tions  ;  progress  reports,  eflBciency  reports,  financial  reports ;  reports 
relative  to  manufacturers,  procurement  orders,  sales,  and  shipping ; 
correspondence  relative  to  such  matters  as  the  manufacture,  lining, 
filling,  shipping,  storage,  and  assembling  the  component  parts  of 
gas  shells;  and  correspondence  relative  to  inventions,  the  business 
standing  of  firms,  and  the  offers  of  firms  to  furnish  supplies. 

MEDICAL  DEPARTMENT 
Expansion  and  Functions 

The  Medical  Corps,  Dental  Corps,  Veterinary  Corps,  Sanitary 
Corps,  and  Army  Nurse  Corps,  constituting  the  Medical  Depart¬ 
ment,  were  enlarged  during  the  war  by  the  absorption  of  the  major 
part  of  the  medical,  surgical,  and  nursing  professions  in  the  United 
States.  The  principal  functions  of  the  department  were  five  in 
number:  (1)  the  physical  examination  of  the  men  who  voluntarily 
enlisted  or  were  drafted  into  the  military  service;  (2)  the  expan¬ 
sion  of  hospital  facilities  from  those  required  by  an  army  of  less 
than  100,000  to  the  needs  of  an  army  twenty  times  as  large;  (3) 
the  procurement  and  distribution  of  medical  and  hospital  supplies, 
a  large  portion  of  which  prior  to  1914  had  been  imported;  (4)  the 
protection  of  the  fighting  forces  from  preventable  diseases;  (5) 
treatment  of  the  sick  and  wounded. 

Publications 

Report  of  the  Surgeon  General,  U.S.  Army,  to  the  Secretary  of  War, 
1918  (Washington,  1918,  735  pages).  Physical  examinations;  condi¬ 
tions  at  each  of  the  mobilization  camps ;  Division  of  Sanitation ;  medi¬ 
cal  and  hospital  supplies ;  Division  of  Laboratories  and  Infectious 
Diseases ;  Dental  Service ;  Division  of  Veterinary  Corps ;  Division  of 
Army  Nurse  Corps. 

Report  of  the  Surgeon  General,  U.S.  Army  .  .  .  1919  (Washington, 
1919,  2  volumes,  2167  pages).  Descriptive  and  statistical  matter  re¬ 
garding  each  camp  in  the  United  States ;  statistics  on  influenza  and 
pneumonia ;  information  regarding  sanitation  activities ;  reports  of 
hospitals. 

Defects  Foiimd  in  Drafted  Men,  by  Albert  G.  Love,  M.D.,  and  Charles 


88 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


B.  Davenport  (Washington,  1919,  359  pages).  Statistical  information 
compiled  from  the  draft  records  showing  the  physical  condition  of  the 
men  registered  and  examined  in  pursuance  of  the  requirements  of  the 
selective  service  act. 

Regulations  Governing  Physical  Examinations,  prepared  by  the  Sur¬ 
geon  General  and  prescribed  by  the  President  under  act  of  May  18, 
1917  (Washington,  1917,  12  pages). 

The  Medical  Department  of  the  United  States  Army  i/n  the  World 
War: 


Vol.  1.  The  Surgeon  General’s  Office,  prepared  under  the  direction  of  Ma¬ 
jor  General  M.  W.  Ireland,  M.D.,  Surgeon  General  of  the  Army,  by  Colonel 
Charles  Lynch,  M.C.,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Frank  W.  Weed,  M.C.,  and  Loy  Mc¬ 
Afee,  A.M.,  M.D.  (Washington,  1923,  1389  pages). 

Vol.  6.  Military  Hospitals  in  the  United  States,  prepared  under  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  Major  General  M.  W.  Ireland,  M.D.,  Surgeon  General  of  the  Army, 
by  Lieutenant  Colonel  Frank  W.  Weed,  M.C.,  U.S.  Army  (Washington,  1923, 
867  pages). 

Vol.  11.  Surgery.  Part  2,  by  Lieutenant  Colonel  Edward  K.  Dunham,  M.C., 
and  six  others  (Washington,  1924,  827  pages). 

Vol.  16.  Statistics.  Part  1,  Army  Anthropology,  prepared  under  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  M.  W.  Ireland,  M.D.,  Surgeon  General  of  the  Army,  by  Charles  B. 
Davenport  and  Albert  G.  Love,  Major,  M.C.,  U.S.A.  (Washington,  1921, 
633  pages). 


Other  volumes  of  this  history  have  been  announced  as  follows : 

Vol.  2.  Administration,  American  Expeditionary  Forces  (Central  Ad¬ 
ministration)  ;  Hospitalization. 

3.  Finance  and  Supply  (United  States;  American  Expeditionary 

4.  Camps,  Posts,  and  Ports. 

6.  Sanitation  (United  States;  American  Expeditionary  Forces). 
Instruction  and  Training. 

Field  Operations,  American  Expeditionary  Forces. 
Communicable  and  Other  Diseases. 

N  europsychiatry. 

Roentgenology. 

13.  Physical  Reconstruction;  Nursing  Service. 

14.  Gas  Poisoning. 

Statistics.  Part  2.  Medical  and  Casual  Statistics. 


Vol. 

3. 

Forces). 

Vol. 

4. 

Vol. 

6. 

Vol. 

7. 

Vol. 

8. 

Vol. 

9. 

Vol. 

10. 

Vol. 

12. 

Vol. 

13. 

Vol. 

14. 

Vol. 

16. 

Unofficial  Hospital  Histories 

The  Story  of  U.S.  Army  Base  Hospital  No.  5,  by  a  “Member  of  the 
Unit”  (Cambridge,  1919,  118  pages). 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


89 


Base  Hospital  No.  9,A.E.F. :  A  History  of  the  Worlc  of  the  New  York 
Hospital  Unit  during  Two  Years  of  Active  Service,  by  Raymond  Shi- 
land  Brown  (New  York,  1920,  221  pages). 

History  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital  Unit  {Base  Hospital  No.  10, 
U.S.A.)  in  the  Great  War  (New  York,  1921,  253  pages). 

History  and  Roster  of  the  United  States  Army  General  Hospital  No. 
16  (New  Haven,  1919,  39  pages). 

History  of  Base  Hospital  No.  18,  American  Expeditionary  Forces 
(Johns  Hopkins  Unit)  (Baltimore,  1919,  134  pages). 

A  History  of  Base  Hospital  No.  32,  by  Benjamin  D.  Hitz  (Indian¬ 
apolis,  1922, 237  pages). 

A  History  of  United  States  Army  Base  Hospital  No.  36  (Detroit  Col¬ 
lege  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  Unit)  (Detroit,  1917,  232  pages). 

American  Red  Cross  Base  Hospital  No.  38,  by  W.  M.  L.  Coplin 
(Philadelphia,  1923,  248  pages). 

On  Active  Service  with  Base  Hospital  No.  li.6,  U.S.A.,  March  20, 1918, 
to  May  25, 1919  (n.p.,  n.d.,  191  pages). 

History  of  Base  Hospital  Number  Fifty-Three,  Advance  Section, 
Service  of  Supply,  by  W.  Lee  Hart  (Langres,  1919,  63  pages). 

Records 

Among  the  records  of  the  Medical  Corps  are  histories  of  each 
post  hospital,  camp  hospital,  port  hospital,  base  hospital,  general 
hospital,  evacuation  hospital,  mobile  hospital,  and  hospital  center, 
reports  of  sanitary  inspectors,  data  regarding  the  activities  of 
sanitarians  in  the  department,  division,  or  camp,  and  data  regard¬ 
ing  the  procurement  and  distribution  of  medical  and  hospital  sup¬ 
plies. 


OFFICE  OF  THE  PROVOST  MARSHAL  GENERAL 
Organization  and  Functions 

The  Office  of  the  Provost  Marshal  General  was  charged  with  the 
administration  of  the  selective  service  system  prescribed  by  the  act 
of  Congress  of  May  18,  1917,  “to  authorize  the  President  to  in¬ 
crease  temporarily  the  military  establishment  of  the  United  States.” 
Briefly  stated,  it  was  the  function  of  the  Provost  Marshal  General 
to  direct  the  process  of  selecting  men  for  induction  into  military 
service  from  their  registration  to  their  delivery  at  the  mobilization 


90 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


camps  or  other  points  designated  by  the  Secretary  of  War.  This 
included  the  physical  examination  of  registrants;  their  classifica¬ 
tion  in  groups  to  be  called  into  service;  the  consideration  and  dis¬ 
posal  of  applications  for  exemption  for  family,  industrial,  or  other 
reasons ;  appeals  from  the  rulings  of  local  boards ;  and  the  entrain¬ 
ing  of  men  for  the  mobilization  camps. 

The  system  was  operated  in  accordance  with  a  principle  of  “su¬ 
pervised  decentralization.”  Actual  selection  of  the  men  in  most  in¬ 
stances  was  by  the  local  registration  boards,  the  number  of  which 
finally  stood  at  4648.  For  approximately  every  thirty  local  boards, 
there  was  a  district  board  which  reviewed  decisions  of  the  local 
boards  upon  appeal  and  heard  and  determined  as  courts  of  first 
instance  all  questions  of  accepting  or  excluding  men  engaged  in 
necessary  industries,  agriculture,  or  other  essential  occupations  or 
employments.  Cooperating  with  the  local  and  district  boards  were 
industrial  advisers,  government  appeal  agents,  legal  and  medical 
advisory  boards,  and  boards  of  instruction.  The  members  of  the  lo¬ 
cal  and  district  boards  were  nominated  by  the  governors  of  their 
respective  States  and  appointed  by  the  President.  Supervision  of  the 
system  in  each  State,  as  directed  by  the  Provost  Marshal  General, 
was  through  the  state  headquarters  in  which  the  adjutant  general 
of  the  State  usually  represented  the  governor. 

The  Office  of  the  Provost  Marshal  General  was  organized  in 
twelve  divisions,  namely :  Administrative,  Alien,  Appeals,  Auxiliary 
Agencies  and  Statistics,  Classification,  Finance,  Information,  In¬ 
spection  and  Investigation,  Law,  Medical  Mobilization,  Publication, 
and  Registration. 

Publications 

Report  of  the  Provost  Marshal  General  to  the  Secretary  of  War  on 
the  First  Draft  rnider  the  Selective  Service  Act,  1917  (Washington, 
1918,  159  pages).  Part  I,  the  selective  service  act  and  its  administra¬ 
tion  ;  Part  II,  the  results  of  calling  and  selection  by  the  boards ;  re¬ 
jection  for  physical  disqualification ;  dependency ;  industrial  necessity  as 
a  ground  for  discharge. 

Second  Report  of  the  Provost  Marshal  General  to  the  Secretary  of 
War  on  the  Operations  of  the  Selective  Service  System  to  December  20, 
1918  (Washington,  1919,  607  pages) .  Registration ;  selection ;  religious- 
creed  members;  conscientious  objectors;  “work  or  fight”  order;  classi- 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


91 


fication  of  registrants ;  quotas ;  organization  of  the  selective  service  sys¬ 
tem  ;  statistical  data. 

FitmI  Report  of  the  Provost  Marshal  General  .  .  .  to  Jtdy  15,  1919 
(Washington,  1920,  288  pages).  Statistical  tables. 

The  Spirit  of  Selective  Service,  by  Major  General  E.  H.  Crowder, 
U.S.  Army,  Provost  Marshal  General  (New  York,  1920,  367  pages). 
The  volunteer  sj’stem ;  universal  service ;  the  permanency  of  the  selec¬ 
tive  sendee  idea ;  the  presentation  of  Americanism. 

The  Conscientious  Objector,  Walter  Guest  Kellogg,  Major,  Judge 
Advocate,  U.S. A.,  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Inquiry  (New  York,  1919, 
141  pages).  The  Board  of  Inquiry;  the  objector’s  point  of  view;  the 
farm  furlough;  the  insincere  objector;  propaganda  among  objectors; 
the  policy  of  the  States;  the  nationality  of  the  objector;  the  case  for 
and  against. 

Selective  Service  Rules,  Regulations,  and  Instructions  (Washington, 
1917-1919,  3  volumes).  Office  compilation.  Registration  regulations; 
regulations  governing  physical  examinations ;  rules  and  regulations  for 
local  and  district  boards ;  instructions  to  disbursing  officers ;  instruc¬ 
tions  to  local  boards ;  regulations  governing  the  apportionment  of 
quotas  and  credits ;  the  registrants’  questionnaire ;  instructions  for 
medical  advisory  boards ;  a  manual  for  legal  advisory  boards ;  boards 
of  instruction ;  classification  rules  and  principles ;  the  process  of  selec¬ 
tion  ;  induction  and  mobilization ;  forms. 

Records 

The  Library  of  Congress  has  a  compilation  of  “Circular  Letters 
and  Telegrams”  of  the  Selective  Service  Organization  that  were  ad¬ 
dressed  by  the  Provost  Marshal  General  to  governors,  draft  execu¬ 
tives,  and  local  boards  (2  volumes,  1124  pages;  subject  index). 

The  entire  body  of  selective  service  records,  consisting  of  those  of 
the  Provost  Marshal  General’s  Office,  51  state  and  territorial  head¬ 
quarters,  155  district  boards,  4648  local  boards,  1319  medical  ad¬ 
visory  boards,  3646  legal  advisory  boards,  and  23,908,576  regis¬ 
trants,  weigh  approximately  8000  tons. 

Records  of  Registrants.  The  registration  cards  are  filed  alphabeti¬ 
cally.  The  folders,  each  containing  the  records  of  one  registrant,  are 
filed  numerically.  The  number  of  the  folder  of  any  given  registrant  is 
the  same  as  the  order  number  on  his  registration  card.  The  records  within 
each  folder  consist  of  the  questionnaire,  affidavits,  the  report  of  the  local 


92 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


medical  board,  and,  usually,  some  correspondence  regarding  claims  to 
exemption  or  the  reverse.  In  some  instances  there  are  letters  by  govern¬ 
ment  officers  or  other  agencies  asking  that  the  registrant  be  retained  in 
the  industry  in  which  he  was  engaged.  Whenever  a  registrant  left  a  hos¬ 
pital  or  there  was  some  other  important  change  in  his  condition,  report 
was  made  to  his  local  board. 

Board  Records.  A  large  portion  of  the  board  records  are  on  forms. 
They  consist  of  (1)  instructions  from  the  President  or  the  Provost 
Marshal  General  coming  through  the  adjutant  general  of  a  State  to 
the  local  and  district  boards;  (2)  form  reports  transmitted  by  the 
boards  through  the  same  channels;  (3)  records  of  appeals  from  the 
local  boards  to  the  district  boards  and  through  the  adjutant  general 
to  the  President;  (4)  information  from  state  headquarters  addressed 
to  local  and  district  boards  regarding  the  application  of  the  selective 
service  laws  and  regulations;  (5)  correspondence  between  local  boards 
and  between  local  and  district  boards  ;  (6)  minute  books,  containing  the 
daily  records  of  a  board’s  proceedings;  (7)  docket  books,  containing 
detailed  information  regarding  registrants. 

Experience  Reports  and  Narratives.  November  12, 1917,  and  Octo¬ 
ber  25,  1918,  the  Provost  Marshal  General  called  upon  the  local  boards 
for  “Experience  Reports.”  In  the  second  of  these  requests  it  was  stated : 
“Those  Experience  Reports  of  last  year  were  highly  valued  .  .  .  They 
furnished  the  flesh  and  blood  for  the  dry  bones  of  the  statistics.  Some 
day  the  historian  of  the  Great  War  will  thumb  them  with  zest  as  a 
prime  source  of  information  for  posterity.”  On  November  28,  1918,  the 
local  and  district  boards  were  called  upon  for  narratives  of  some  of  the 
most  typical  human  incidents  of  the  draft  in  their  communities,  “inci¬ 
dents  pathetic,  humorous,  patriotic,  selfish — ^what  you  wiU,  as  long  as 
they  are  the  most  interesting  incidents  typical  of  the  administration  of 
the  selective  service  draft.”  The  response  to  this  third  request  was  quite 
general  and  these  reports  on  the  human  element,  together  with  the  ex¬ 
perience  reports,  are,  for  historical  purposes,  one  of  the  most  important 
sections  of  the  selective  service  records. 

FINANCE  SERVICE 

Functions 

The  Finance  Service  was  organized  as  an  independent  bureau, 
under  a  Director  of  Finance,  in  October,  1918.  Its  functions  as 
prescribed  in  General  Orders  No.  72,  War  Department,  June  5, 


WAR  DEPARTMENT 


93 


1919,  amended  by  General  Orders  No.  104,  War  Department,  Au¬ 
gust  18,  1919,  are  in  part  as  follows;  action  as  the  responsible  au¬ 
thority  over  the  finances  of  the  military  establishment,  including  the 
disbursing  of  funds,  the  classification  and  compilation  of  estimates 
of  appropriations,  the  administrative  examination  and  recording  of 
money  accounts,  the  auditing  of  property  accounts.  Fourteen  zone 
finance  officers,  stationed  at  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Bal¬ 
timore,  Washington,  Atlanta,  Jeffersonville,  Chicago,  St.  Louis, 
Omaha,  New  Orleans,  Fort  Sam  Houston,  El  Paso,  and  San  Fran¬ 
cisco,  are  under  the  supervision  of  the  Director  of  Finance. 

Publications 

Annual  Report  of  the  Director  of  Finance,  United  States  Army,  to  the 
Secretary  of  War,  1919  (Washington,  1919,  48  pages).  Organization; 
detailed  statement  of  expenditures. 

Report  of  the  Director  of  Finance  .  .  .  1920  (Washington,  1920,  48 
pages).  Payment  of  troops;  detailed  statement  of  expenditures. 

Three  special  financial  operations  were:  (1)  the  sale  of  surplus 
supplies,  authorized  by  the  army  appropriations  act  of  July  9, 
1918;  (2)  the  adjustment  of  war  contracts  by  the  Board  of  Con¬ 
tract  Adjustment,  appointed  under  the  act  of  March  2,  1919,  “to 
provide  relief  in  case  of  contracts  connected  with  the  prosecution  of 
the  war”;  (3)  the  disposition  of  claims  and  property  in  France 
under  the  supervision  of  the  United  States  Liquidation  Commission 
which  was  created  by  General  Orders  No.  24,  February  11,  1919. 
Reports  of  these  operations  are  as  follows : 

Report  of  the  Sales  of  Surplus  Supplies,  submitted  by  Benedict  Crow¬ 
ell,  Acting  Secretary  of  War  (Washington,  1920,  780  pages). 

Report  to  Congress  of  Claims  Adjusted  under  War  Contracts  Act 
(House  Document  364,  66th  Congress,  2nd  Session). 

Decisions  of  the  War  Department  Board  of  Contract  Adjustment 
(Washington,  1919-1921,  6  volumes). 

Final  Report  of  the  United  States  Liquidation  Commission — War  De¬ 
partment  (Washington,  1920,  191  pages). 


DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE 


Functions 

The  war  activities  of  the  Department  of  Justice  consisted  of:  (1) 
the  prosecution  of  cases  involving  the  violation  of  neutrality  and 
criminal  operations  in  attempting  to  aid  one  of  the  belligerents,  for 
example,  a  plot  to  promote  strikes  of  employees  in  munition  fac¬ 
tories,  conspiracies  to  prevent  or  hinder  the  foreign  commerce  of  the 
United  States  in  munitions  of  war,  attempts  to  export  rubber,  anti¬ 
mony,  and  nickel  without  filing  manifests,  etc. ;  (2)  the  enforcement 
of  war  statutes,  particularly  the  espionage  act,  which,  embracing 
more  than  its  title  implies,  provided  for  the  protection  of  shipping, 
the  selective  service  act,  the  sabotage  act,  and  the  trading  with  the 
enemy  act;  (3)  the  interpretation  of  war  statutes,  principally  in 
opinions  of  the  Attorney  General ;  (4)  the  regulation  of  the  conduct 
of  alien  enemies  in  conformity  with  the  President’s  proclamations  of 
April  6  and  November  16,  1917 ;  (5)  the  protection  of  the  govern¬ 
ment  from  fraud  in  war  contracts. 

Organization 

To  cope  with  the  situation  arising  from  the  war  a  special  War 
Emergency  Division  was  organized  in  the  department  to  handle 
the  cases  arising  under  the  war  statutes,  the  number  of  special 
agents  of  the  Division  of  Investigation  (the  secret  service)  was  in¬ 
creased  fivefold,  and  the  American  Protective  League,  which  at  one 
time  had  a  membership  of  250,000,  was  organized  with  the  approval 
of  the  Attorney  General  and  operated  under  the  direction  of  the 
Division  of  Investigation. 

Publications 

Annual  Reports  of  the  Attorney  General  of  the  United  States  (1917, 
pp.  50-74 ;  1918,  pp.  14-57,  633-676  ;  1919,  pp.  21-32,  629-634).  Circu¬ 
lars  and  instructions  concerning  the  various  war  activities  and  a  brief 
survey  of  those  activities,  including  a  list  of  some  of  the  cases  that  were 
prosecuted,  are  published. 

The  Web,  by  Emerson  Hough  (Chicago,  1919,  511  pages).  Published 


DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE 


95 


by  authority  of  the  national  directors  of  the  American  Protective 
League ;  a  fervent  histor}'  of  the  achievements  of  that  organization.  [Un¬ 
official;  contains  documentary  material.] 

Official  Opinions  of  the  Attorney  General  (Vol.  31,  677  pages,  Octo¬ 
ber  24,  1916,  to  August  9,  1919;  Vol.  32,  653  pages,  August  21,  1919, 
to  June  23,  1921).  The  opinions  of  the  Attorney  General  interpreting 
war  statutes  or  affecting  industrial  and  social  conditions  during  the  war 
and  the  period  of  reconstruction.  Those  enumerated  in  the  following  list 
are  within  the  scope  of  this  survey : 

January  2,  1918.  Opinion  on  question  asking  if  the  President,  through  the 
United  States  Food  Administration,  had  power  to  requisition  cottonseed  cake 
to  be  used  to  preserve  the  cattle  herds  of  Texas.  (Vol.  31,  pp.  198-201.) 

August  31,  1918.  Opinion  that  the  Food  Administration  Grain  Corporation, 
as  an  authorized  agent  of  the  President,  might  lawfully  extend  its  operations 
to  include  the  buying,  selling,  and  storing  of  rye,  barley,  oats,  rice,  corn,  and 
other  cereals  in  order  to  coordinate  the  flow  of  such  commodities  to  the  sea¬ 
board  and  assure  to  the  civil  population  and  the  army  and  navy  of  the  United 
States  as  well  as  the  allies  a  sufficient  amount  thereof.  (Vol.  31,  pp.  344-349.) 

January  9,  1919.  Opinion  that  the  agreement  negotiated  by  the  United 
States  Food  Administration  with  the  leading  refiners  of  sugar  in  the  United 
States  which  provided  that  until  December  31,  1919,  the  refiners  should 
purchase  their  entire  requirements  of  raw  sugar  from  the  United  States 
Sugar  Equalization  Board  and  that  during  such  period  the  refiners  should 
observe  a  fixed  maximum  price  on  all  sugar  manufactured  by  them,  was 
authorized  by  the  food  control  act  and  not  prohibited  by  the  Sherman  anti¬ 
trust  act.  (Vol.  31,  pp.  376-380.) 

November  3,  1917.  Opinion  on  questions  affecting  importations  of  dis¬ 
tilled  spirits  which  arose  under  the  food  control  act  and  other  acts.  (Vol.  31, 
pp.  180-184.) 

March  18,  1919.  Opinion  relative  to  authority  for  seizure  and  forfeiture 
of  distilled  spirits  and  wines  imported  into  the  United  States  in  violation  of 
certain  acts  of  Congress.  (Vol.  31,  pp.  392-397.) 

August  21,  1919.  Opinion  that  the  sale  of  warehouse  certificates  on  whiskey 
held  in  bond  and  subject  to  the  payment  of  tax  before  removal,  was  not  a 
sale  of  whiskey  for  beverage  purposes  within  the  meaning  of  the  war  prohi¬ 
bition  act  and  therefore  not  prohibited.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  28-29.) 

December  2,  1919.  Opinion  that  liquors  shipped  into  the  United  States 
prior  to  September  1,  1917,  and  placed  in  bonded  warehouses  under  the 
provisions  of  the  joint  resolution  of  October  6,  1917,  might,  by  virtue  of 
sect.  600  (b)  of  the  revenue  act  of  1918,  be  lawfully  exported,  although 
more  than  one  year  had  elapsed  from  their  entry  into  the  United  States,  the 
prohibition  of  the  exporting  of  liquors  under  the  Eighteenth  Amendment  not 
having  yet  become  effective.  A  modification  of  the  opinion  of  March  18, 
1919.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  62-63.) 


96 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


January  7,  1920.  Opinion  relative  to  the  exportation  of  liquor  under  the 
Eighteenth  Amendment.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  191-193.) 

July  20,  1917.  Opinion  with  regard  to  overtime  pay  for  laborers  and  me¬ 
chanics  engaged  on  government  contracts.  (Vol.  31,  pp.  144-145.) 

March  21,  1918.  Opinion  on  question  asking  if  the  United  States  Em¬ 
ployees’  Compensation  Commission  had,  under  sect.  32  of  the  federal  work¬ 
men’s  compensation  act  of  September  7,  1916,  power  to  decide  whether  em¬ 
ployees  of  the  United  States  Shipping  Board  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation 
were  entitled  to  the  benefits  of  that  act.  (Vol.  31,  pp.  252-255.) 

December  18,  1918.  Opinion  that  neither  the  federal  control  of  railroads 
nor  the  order  of  the  Director  General  of  Railroads  requiring  that  an  action 
to  recover  damages  against  a  government  controlled  railroad  be  brought 
directly  against  the  Director  General  has  deprived  the  United  States  Em¬ 
ployees’  Compensation  Commission  of  the  power  to  require  a  beneficiary  to 
assign  his  right  of  action  to  the  United  States  or  prosecute  said  action  as  a 
condition  of  settlement.  (Vol.  31,  pp.  365-367.) 

April  1,  1919.  Opinion  that  the  proposed  plan  of  the  Industrial  Board  of 
the  Department  of  Commerce  to  stabilize  prices  in  the  basic  industries  by 
means  of  agreements  with  the  leading  manufacturers  and  producers  would  be 
a  violation  of  law.  (Vol.  31,  pp.  411-419.) 

August  11,  1920.  Opinion  with  regard  to  the  authority  of  the  United  States 
Shipping  Board  to  conduct  litigation.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  276-284.) 

July  28,  1919.  Opinion  that  the  United  States  Tariff  Commission  was  not 
prohibited  from  furnishing  the  War  Trade  Board  with  trade  secrets  which 
came  into  its  possession  in  the  course  of  the  exercise  of  its  official  functions. 
(Vol.  31,  pp.  541-543.) 

June  7,  1917.  Opinion  in  reference  to  questions  raised  by  the  Solicitor  of 
the  Treasury  in  regard  to  the  validity  of  a  proposed  agreement  between  the 
Federal  Farm  Loan  Board  and  certain  investment  houses  for  the  sale  of  bonds 
of  the  federal  land  banks.  (Vol.  31,  pp.  122-124.) 

June  30,  1919.  Opinion  that  under  the  federal  farm  loan  act  of  July  17, 
1916,  joint-stock  land  banks  are  not  permitted  to  make  loans  either  through 
national  farm  loan  associations  or  through  agents,  and  cannot  therefore  loan 
to  corporations.  (Vol.  31,  pp.  494-496.) 

December  21,  1920.  Opinion  that  the  board  of  directors  of  a  national  farm 
loan  association  has  no  power  to  use  the  funds  of  the  association  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  contributing  to  the  expenses  of  the  promotion  of  another  voluntary 
association  and  to  its  upkeep,  including  salaries  of  paid  representatives  in 
Washington.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  370-371.) 

July  27,  1918.  Opinion  on  question  with  regard  to  limitation  imposed  by 
the  War  Finance  Corporation  act  of  April  5,  1918,  to  advances  made  by  the 
War  Finance  Corporation  to  banks,  bankers,  or  trust  companies.  (Vol.  31, 
pp.  332-336.) 

May  10,  1920.  Opinion  that  the  board  of  directors  of  the  War  Finance 
Corporation  was  vested  with  the  power  to  suspend  further  loans  and  opera- 


DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE 


97 


tions  but  not  with  the  power  to  use  funds  on  hand  to  retire  a  part  of  its  out¬ 
standing  capital  stock.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  181-184.) 

October  29,  1921.  Opinion  with  regard  to  advances  by  the  War  Finance 
Corporation  for  raising  and  marketing  live  stock.  (Vol.  33,  pp.  44-49.) 

May  15,  1920.  Opinion  that  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  may, 
under  the  transportation  act  of  February  28,  1920,  recommend  that  loans  be 
made  to  railroads  to  pay  maturing  obligations  or  refund  maturing  securities 
originally  issued  for  capital  account.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  191-193.) 

May  21,  1919.  Opinion  with  regard  to  authority  of  the  Secretary  of  War 
to  lease  caterpillar  tractors,  dies,  and  gauges  for  commercial  purposes.  (Vol. 

31,  pp.  457-459.) 

September  27,  1919.  Opinion  with  regard  to  authority  of  the  Secretary  of 
War  to  transfer  to  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  available  war  material  not 
needed  by  the  War  Department  but  suitable  for  use  in  the  improvement  of 
highways.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  45-48.) 

July  23,  1919.  Opinion  that  u  provision  in  a  contract  for  furnishing  ord¬ 
nance  material,  which  authorizes  an  allowance  of  plus  or  minus  five  per  cent 
of  the  articles  ordered,  does  not  foreclose  the  government  from  insisting  upon 
delivery  of  the  full  amount  specified  by  the  contract  nor  enable  the  contractor 
to  force  acceptance  of  a  greater  amount.  (Vol.  31,  pp.  537-541.) 

June  4,  1920.  Opinion  that  under  the  Dent  act,  March  2,  1919,  the  Secre¬ 
tary  of  War  is  authorized  to  reopen  final  awards  made  under  that  act  and 
issue  new  final  awards  correcting  errors  of  omission  in  the  original  awards 
made  through  the  mutual  mistake  of  the  contractors  and  the  government.  (Vol. 

32,  pp.  199-202.) 

July  1,  1919.  Opinion  with  regard  to  validity  of  claims  on  account  of  losses 
incurred  in  producing  or  preparing  to  produce  manganese,  chrome,  pyrites,  or 
tungsten  in  compliance  with  the  request  or  demand  of  certain  designated  gov¬ 
ernmental  agencies.  (Vol.  31,  pp.  496-497.) 

August  21,  1919.  Opinion  that  the  provision  in  sect.  5  of  the  war  minerals 
relief  act  of  March  2,  1919,  authorizing  the  adjustment  of  losses  incurred  in 
producing  or  preparing  to  produce  manganese,  chrome,  pyrites,  or  tungsten 
in  compliance  with  the  request  of  certain  governmental  agencies,  is  not 
limited  to  the  production  within  the  United  States.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  7-11.) 

September  3,  1919.  Opinion  that  the  producers  of  ferro-manganese  do  not 
come  within  the  purview  of  sect.  5  of  the  war  minerals  relief  act  of  March  2, 
1919,  and  therefore  have  no  claim  under  it  for  losses  sustained.  (Vol.  32,  pp. 
34-41.) 

October  26,  1920.  Opinion  with  regard  to  the  character  of  the  request  or 
demand  for  the  production  of  manganese,  chrome,  pyrites,  or  tungsten,  which, 
under  the  war  minerals  relief  act  of  March  2,  1919,  would  entitle  a  person  to 
relief  for  losses  sustained.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  323-325.) 

INIarch  12,  1918.  Opinion  with  regard  to  tax  on  freight  of  articles  in  course 
of  exportation.  (Vol.  31,  pp.  239-242.) 

June  5,  1918.  Opinion  on  question  whether  the  tax  imposed  by  sect.  600  of 


98 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


the  war  revenue  act  of  October  3,  1917,  upon  articles  sold  by  a  manufac¬ 
turer,  producer,  or  importer  applies  to  the  sales  in  foreign  commerce  by  a 
manufacturer,  producer,  or  importer  located  in  the  United  States.  (Vol.  31, 
pp.  299-301.) 

December  11,  1919.  Opinion  with  regard  to  tax  on  sales  of  articles  to  be 
shipped  abroad.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  84-86.) 

January  7,  1920.  Opinion  with  regard  to  tax  on  tickets  for  Chautauqua 
entertainments.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  88-92.) 

May  19,  1919.  Opinion  that  corporations  are  not  entitled  to  deduct  from 
their  gross  income  for  the  purposes  of  the  income  tax  the  amount  of  contribu¬ 
tions  made  to  religious,  charitable,  scientific,  or  educational  corporations  or 
associations,  even  though  such  contributions  are  made  to  the  Red  Cross  or 
other  war-relief  agencies.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  617-620.) 

June  8,  1917.  Opinion  on  question  whether  Liberty  loan  bonds,  issued  under 
the  act  of  April  24,  1917,  are  subject  to  income  tax  when  received  by  a 
stockholder  of  a  corporation  in  payment  of  a  corporation  dividend  and 
whether  a  corporation  owning  these  bonds  is  to  that  extent  exempt  from 
excise  taxes,  franchise  taxes,  and  other  corporation  taxes  of  the  United 
States  and  of  the  several  States.  (Vol.  31,  pp.  125-126.) 

March  2,  1918.  Opinion  in  reply  to  a  request  from  the  Postmaster  General 
with  regard  to  the  validity  of  articles  9  and  10  of  the  Treasury  regulations 
relating  to  the  redemption  of  War  Savings  certificates  and  stamps  of  de¬ 
ceased  owners.  (Vol.  31,  pp.  234-235.) 

February  1,  1919.  Opinion  that  the  Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insurance  might, 
before  the  formal  termination  of  the  war,  convert  war-time  insurance  into 
other  forms  of  insurance  authorized  by  the  war  risk  insurance  act.  (Vol.  31, 
pp.  382-384.) 

Jidy  18,  1919.  Opinion  that  under  a  provision  of  the  war  risk  insurance  act 
of  October  6,  1917,  an  enlisted  man  who  was  in  active  service  at  the  time  of 
the  publication  of  the  terms  and  conditions  of  the  contract  of  insurance 
covering  total  permanent  disability,  and  who  sustained  such  disability  120 
days  from  such  publication,  without  having  applied  for  such  insurance,  was 
entitled  to  be  treated  as  having  been  automatically  insured.  (Vol.  31,  pp. 
534-537.) 

August  21,  1919.  Opinion  with  regard  to  conditions  under  which  personal 
injury  or  disease  should  be  deemed  to  have  been  suffered  or  contracted  “in 
the  line  of  duty”  within  the  meaning  of  sect.  300  of  the  war  risk  insurance 
act.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  12-16.) 

September  2,  1919.  Opinion  that  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  was  not 
authorized  to  provide  hospital  and  sanatorium  facilities  for  discharged  sick 
and  disabled  soldiers,  sailors,  marines,  or  army  and  navy  nurses  who  were 
not  entitled  to  compensation  under  the  war  risk  insurance  act.  (Vol.  32,  pp. 
31-34.) 

December  8,  1919.  Opinion  with  regard  to  the  eligibility  of  aliens  to  bene¬ 
fits  under  the  war  risk  insurance  act.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  67-78.) 


DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE 


99 


June  2,  1920.  Opinion  interpreting  the  phrase  “in  the  line  of  duty”  in  the 
war  risk  insurance  act.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  193-199.) 

September  1,  1920.  Opinion  with  regard  to  the  right  of  enemy  aliens  to 
enjoy  the  benefits  of  the  war  risk  insurance  act.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  289-294'.) 

January  4,  1921.  Opinion  with  regard  to  conversion  of  term  insurance 
under  the  war  risk  insurance  act.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  379-390.) 

May  4,  1921.  Opinion  with  regard  to  beneficiaries  of  war  risk  insurance 
injured  on  federal  controlled  railroads.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  531-536.) 

May  4,  1921.  Opinion  with  regard  to  the  effect  of  the  termination  of  the 
war  upon  certain  provisions  of  the  war  risk  insurance  act.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  538- 
540.) 

June  4,  1919.  Opinion  with  regard  to  the  sale  of  an  enemy-owned  patent 
by  the  Alien  Property  Custodian  to  the  War  Department.  (Vol.  31,  pp. 
463-467.) 

November  15,  1919.  Opinion  that  where  a  suit  was  filed  pursuant  to  the 
provisions  of  sect.  30  of  the  trading  with  the  enemy  act  for  the  recovery  of 
specific  enemy  property,  such  property  must  be  retained  by  the  Alien  Property 
Custodian  or  by  the  Treasurer  of  the  United  States  until  the  litigation  was 
determined;  and  that  where  a  suit  was  instituted  to  recover  a  debt,  funds  to 
the  amount  of  the  debt  plus  probable  costs  must,  if  available,  be  retained  by 
the  government.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  57-61.) 

June  21,  1920.  Opinion  that  before  the  return  of  enemy  trusts  to  their 
former  owners  the  Treasury  Department  might  ascertain  the  taxes  due  on 
the  income  which  accrued  on  such  property  during  the  time  it  was  held  by 
the  Alien  Property  Custodian  and  require  them  to  be  paid.  (Vol.  32,  pp. 
249-254.) 

June  13,  1921.  Opinion  that  the  Alien  Property  Custodian  has  no  right  to 
accept  in  full  settlement  of  the  purchase  price  of  property  which  was  sold 
under  the  provision  of  the  trading  with  the  enemy  act  and  the  executive 
orders  pertaining  thereto,  an  amount  less  than  the  accepted  bid  of  the  pur¬ 
chaser.  (Vol.  32,  pp.  577-581.) 

Bulletins.  The  Department  issued  204  bulletins,  of  four  to  fifty  pages 
each,  containing  decisions  of  United  States  district  courts  and  United 
States  circuit  courts  of  appeals,  together  with  instructions  to  juries, 
which  interpret  the  selective  service  act,  espionage  act,  and  trading  with 
the  enemy  act.  Among  these  bulletins  is  also  one  containing  an  opinion 
of  the  Appellate  Division  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  New  York  relating 
to  war  powers  of  States  over  liquor  traffic,  and  about  shipping  and 
about  manufacturing  facilities  engaged  in  war  work.  The  department 
library  has  a  complete  set  of  these  bulletins.  The  library  of  the  Super¬ 
intendent  of  Documents  has  all  except  No.  176.  The  following  are 
illustrative : 


100 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Bulletin  No.  2.  Decision  of  the  United  States  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals  for 
the  second  circuit  relating  to  the  constitutionality  of  the  selective  service  act 
and  the  jurisdiction  of  courts  over  decisions  of  draft  and  exemption  boards. 
(No  date,  14  pages.) 

Bulletin  No.  36.  Charge  to  the  jury  of  the  United  States  District  Court, 
northern  district  of  California,  relative  to  section  13,  federal  penal  code  and 
Sherman  act,  also  conspiracy  to  destroy  radroads  and  munition  plants.  (Janu¬ 
ary  10,  1917,  19  pages.) 

Bulletin  No.  62.  Charge  to  the  jury  of  the  United  States  District  Court, 
northern  district  of  New  York,  relative  to  distribution  of  a  pamphlet,  “The 
Price  We  Pay,”  purporting  to  be  a  campaign  document  of  the  Socialist  Party, 
and  sections  3  and  4,  title  1,  of  the  espionage  act,  also  sect.  37  of  the  penal 
code.  (No  date,  41  pages.) 

Bulletin  No.  100.  Opinion  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State  of  Washington 
relative  to  restrictions  upon  occupations  other  than  those  specified  in  Presi¬ 
dential  regulations.  (May  10,  1918,  5  pages.) 

Bulletin  No.  151/..  Charge  to  the  jury  of  the  United  States  District  Court 
for  the  eastern  district  of  Michigan  relative  to  sect.  13  of  the  federal  penal 
code,  definition  of  “military  enterprise,”  and  the  application  of  the  Sherman 
act  to  a  conspiracy  to  destroy  plants,  tunnels,  and  other  railroad  facilities  used 
for  the  production  and  transportation  of  munitions  of  war  by  a  nation  with 
which  we  are  at  peace.  (December  21,  1917,  10  pages.) 

Emergency  Legislation  passed  prior  to  December,  1917,  dealing  with  the 
control  and  taking  of  private  property  for  public  use,  benefit  or  welfare. 
Presidential  proclamations  and  executive  orders  thereunder,  to  and  including 
January  31,  1918,  to  which  is  added  a  reprint  of  analogous  legislation  since 
1775  (Washington,  1918,  1150  pages).  Collected  and  annotated  by  J.  Reuben 
Clark,  Jr.,  Major,  Judge  Advocate  General’s  Reserve  Corps,  assigned  to 
special  duty  with  the  Attorney  General  of  the  United  States. 

Red  Radicalism  as  described  by  its  own  leaders  (Washington,  1920,  93 
pages).  Exhibits  collected  by  A.  Mitchell  Palmer,  Attorney  General,  includ¬ 
ing  various  communistic  manifestoes,  constitutions,  plans,  and  purposes  of 
proletariat  revolution,  and  its  seditious  propaganda.  Exhibit  No.  1  is  a  re¬ 
port  of  the  international  secretary  of  the  Communistic  Party  of  America, 
describing  its  antecedents,  birth,  and  projects.  Exhibit  No.  3  consists  of  a 
manifesto,  program,  and  constitution  of  the  party,  together  with  a  form  of 
application  for  membership. 

Report  of  the  Attorney  General  to  the  Senate  upon  the  investigation  ac¬ 
tivities  of  the  Department  of  Justice  (November  14,  1919,  187  pages).  Tells 
of  activities  of  persons  advising  anarchy  and  sedition. 

Report  of  the  Attorney  General  to  the  Senate  on  prosecutions  under  the  es¬ 
pionage  act  (March  9,  1922,  78  pages).  Contains  lists  of  cases  involving  vio¬ 
lations  of  war-time  legislation. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  JUSTICE 


101 


Civil  Liberty  in  War  Time  (Washington,  1919,  22  pages),  by  John  Lord 
O’Brian,  Chief  of  the  War  Emergency  Division  of  the  Department  of  Justice. 
Discussion  of  the  war-time  operation  of  the  legal  system  of  the  United  States. 

Agreement,  November  26,  1917,  between  Thomas  W.  Gregory,  Attorney 
General,  and  the  several  manufacturers  of  news  print  paper  (Washington, 
1919,  7  pages).  Provides  that  after  April  1,  1918,  the  just  and  reasonable 
maximum  prices  and  terms  of  contracts  for  the  sale  of  all  or  any  news  print 
paper  should  be  determined  and  fixed  by  the  Federal  Trade  Commission. 


POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT 


Functions 

Operation  of  the  telegraph  and  telephone  systems.  By  a  joint 
resolution,  dated  July  16,  1918,  Congress  authorized  the  President 
to  take  possession  and  assume  control  of  the  telegraph,  telephone, 
and  marine  cable  systems.  Six  days  later  the  President  issued  a 
proclamation  taking  over  the  telegraph  and  telephone  systems  and 
directing  that  the  control  and  operation  of  the  same  be  exercised 
by  the  Postmaster  General,  and  November  2  he  issued  a  similar 
proclamation  with  regard  to  the  cables.  To  assist  in  the  manage¬ 
ment,  operation,  and  control  of  the  telegraph  and  telephone  systems 
the  Postmaster  General  appointed  a  committee,  known  as  the  Wire 
Control  Board,  consisting  of  the  First  Assistant  Postmaster  Gen¬ 
eral,  a  member  of  the  United  States  Tariff  Commission,  and  the 
Solicitor  for  the  Post  Office  Department,  the  first  with  the  Post¬ 
master  General  to  have  charge  of  the  administration  and  organiza¬ 
tion  of  the  service,  the  second  with  the  Postmaster  General  to  have 
charge  of  its  operation,  and  the  third  with  the  Postmaster  General 
to  attend  to  the  finances.  For  the  unification  of  the  two  cable  sys¬ 
tems  the  operating  head  of  one  of  the  systems  was  appointed  man¬ 
ager  of  both.  He  declined  to  comply  with  the  Postmaster  General’s 
instructions  and  was  succeeded  by  the  president  of  the  company 
owning  the  other  system.  By  an  order  of  the  Postmaster  General, 
dated  April  29,  1919,  the  cables  were  returned  to  their  owners.  By 
an  act,  approved  July  11, 1919,  Congress  repealed  the  joint  resolu¬ 
tion  of  July  16,  1918,  and  directed  that  the  telegraph  and  tele¬ 
phone  systems  be  returned  to  their  owners  at  midnight  July  31. 

Military  mail.  An  important  service  for  sustaining  morale  was  the 
establishment  and  administration  of  151  military  branch  post  offices 
in  camps,  cantonments,  aviation  fields,  and  naval  training  stations, 
the  buildings  as  well  as  barracks  for  the  accommodation  of  the  post 
office  clerks  having  been  provided  by  the  War  Department.  Until 
June,  1918,  the  Post  Office  Department  had  sole  charge  of  the  mail 
service  to  the  troops  of  the  American  Expeditionary  Forces,  but 
after  July  1,  1918,  it  delivered  the  outgoing  mail,  distributed  ac- 


POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT 


103 


cording  to  army  directions,  to  the  military  authorities  at  the  ports 
of  embarkation  in  this  country,  and  received  the  incoming  mail 
from  the  military  authorities  at  a  port  of  debarkation  in  France. 

Cooperation  with  other  branches  of  the  government.  The  Post 
Office  Department  cooperated  with  the  Treasury  Department  in  the 
sale  of  Liberty  bonds  and  war  savings  stamps ;  with  the  Department 
of  Justice  in  the  enforcement  of  the  espionage  and  the  trading  with 
the  enemy  acts  by  censorship  of  the  mails,  registering  alien  enemies, 
and  reporting  disloyal  utterances;  and  with  the  Alien  Property 
Custodian  by  listing  enemy-owned  property. 

Publications 

Annual  Report  of  the  Postmaster  General  for  the  Fiscal  Year  ended 
June  80,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  149  pages).  War  activities,  war 
savings  and  thrift  stamps,  domestic  military  mail,  mail  to  American 
Expeditionary  Forces,  restrictions  on  parcel  post  for  American  Expe¬ 
ditionary  Forces,  magazines  for  soldiers  and  sailors,  censorship  of  mails. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Postmaster  General  for  the  Fiscal  Year  ended 
June  30, 1919  (Washington,  1919,  223  pages).  War  activities,  military 
mail,  postal  telegraphs  and  telephones. 

Government  Control  and  Operation  of  Telegraph,  Telephone,  and  Ma¬ 
rine  Cable  Systems,  August  1,  1918,  to  July  31,  1919  (Washington, 
1921,  100  pages).  Acts  of  Congress,  proclamations  of  the  President, 
general  orders  of  the  Postmaster  General,  reports  on  administration  of 
the  wires. 

A  Report  of  the  Postmaster  General  to  the  Senate  relative  to  the 
movements  of  mail  to  and  from  the  American  troops  and  auxiliaries 
abroad  (July  12, 1918,  7  pages). 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  NAVY 


Functions 

The  more  important  war  functions  of  the  Navy  Department 
within  the  scope  of  this  survey  were:  (1)  construction  or  procure¬ 
ment  of  vessels  and  other  construction  work  at  navy  yards,  wharves, 
naval  bases,  naval  stations,  and  naval  plants;  (2)  coast  patrol;  (3) 
protection  of  merchant  ships  and  the  solution  of  the  submarine 
problem;  (4)  cooperation  with  the  War  Department  in  transport¬ 
ing  troops  and  supplies  to  France;  (5)  production  or  procurement 
of  ordnance;  (6)  procurement  of  general  supplies;  (7)  training  of 
men  for  the  various  services;  (8)  medical,  surgical,  and  sanitary 
service. 

Construction  and  procurement  of  vessels.  Some  progress  was 
made  in  the  construction,  at  the  navy  yards,  of  capital  ships  pro¬ 
vided  for  in  the  three-year  program  of  the  act  of  August  29,  1916, 
but  naval  construction  during  the  period  of  the  war  was  concen¬ 
trated  upon  destroyers,  submarine  chasers,  and  submarines.  Six  of 
the  largest  shipyards  in  the  country  were  engaged  in  destroyer 
building  and  two  government  plants  were  constructed  for  that  pur¬ 
pose.  Hundreds  of  wooden  submarine  chasers  were  built.  Sixty  sub¬ 
marine  hunters,  of  the  “Eagle”  type,  were  constructed  at  a  new  pri¬ 
vate  plant,  and  a  number  of  mine  sweepers  at  navy  yards  and 
private  plants.  Tlrrough  the  Aircraft  Board  certain  plants  were 
designated  to  work  exclusively,  and  others  partly,  for  the  navy  in 
the  production  of  seaplanes  and  kite  balloons.  A  naval  aircraft 
factory  was  erected  in  the  navy  yard  at  Philadelphia,  and  a  New 
England  supply  of  spruce  lumber  for  aircraft  construction  was  de¬ 
veloped  under  the  direction  of  an  officer  of  the  navy. 

The  commandeering  of  vessels  needed  by  the  government  was  au¬ 
thorized  by  the  act  of  March  4,  1917,  but  on  account  of  the  needs 
of  commerce  the  Navy  Department  took  over  only  such  as  military 
necessity  required.  A  number  of  vessels  were  taken  over  by  volun¬ 
tary  agreements  wffiereby  the  government  paid  only  nominal  sums 
but  agreed  to  reimburse  the  owner  in  case  his  vessel  was  lost.  Others 


NAVY  DEPARTMENT 


105 


were  taken  over  on  terms  providing  for  a  “just  compensation”  which 
was  determined  a  board  of  appraisal  composed  of  three  naval  offi¬ 
cers  and  three  civilians. 

It  was  the  function  of  the  Bureau  of  Engineering  to  design,  con¬ 
struct,  maintain,  and  repair  all  steam  and  internal  combustion  en¬ 
gines,  electric  motors  and  generators  used  for  propelling  vessels  of 
the  navy,  also  storage  batteries  and  electric  motors  for  submarines. 

Notable  repair  work  was  done  on  more  than  a  hundred  German 
ships  which  were  in  United  States  ports  w^hen  war  was  declared. 
Instead  of  making  new  cylinders  to  replace  those  purposely  broken 
by  the  German  crews  the  breaks  were  repaired  by  electric  welding. 

During  the  period  of  the  war  the  navy  yards  at  New  York,  Pliila- 
delphia,  Norfolk,  and  Mare  Island  were  equipped  for  the  construc¬ 
tion  of  battle  cruisers  and  dreadnaughts,  while  at  the  other  navy 
yards  the  facilities  for  the  construction  of  smaller  ships  were  in¬ 
creased.  The  enlargement  of  the  capacity  of  thirty  private  plants 
for  the  construction  of  destroyers,  mine  sweepers,  and  accessories 
was  financed  by  the  government.  Huge  dry  docks  w^ere  built  at 
Norfolk  and  Philadelphia.  Aid  w^as  given  to  the  State  of  Massa¬ 
chusetts  in  the  construction  of  a  dry  dock  in  Boston.  The  torpedo 
station  at  Newport  and  the  gun  factory  at  Washington  were  en¬ 
larged.  A  powder  factory  was  built  at  Indianhead,  and  a  plant 
for  making  mines  at  Norfolk.  Various  buildings  w'ere  erected  for  the 
submarine  base  at  New  London.  Plants  w'ere  erected  at  Charleston, 
W.  Va.,  for  making  projectiles  and  armor  plate.  The  capacity  of 
each  of  the  four  permanent  training  stations  was  expanded  and 
barracks  and  other  buildings  were  erected  for  temporary  stations. 
Numerous  hospitals,  storehouses,  and  ammunition  depots  were  built. 

Coast  patrol.  For  the  more  efficient  direction  of  patrol  activities, 
the  coasts  w^ere  divided  into  several  naval  districts,  each  under  a 
commandant,  and  each  district  w^as  divided  into  sections  each  of 
which  served  as  a  base  for  the  patrol  vessels  assigned  to  it.  These 
vessels  attended  to  the  upkeep  of  anti-submarine  nets,  swept  for 
mines  in  channels  leading  to  the  principal  ports,  and  scrutinized 
the  goings  and  comings  of  all  vessels  approaching  the  shore.  Ships 
of  the  Coast  Guard,  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  Lighthouse  Serv¬ 
ice,  and  Fish  Commission  assisted  in  the  service  and  many  others 


106 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


were  purchased,  loaned,  or  commandeered.  Besides  directing  patrol 
activities,  the  commandant  was  charged  with  the  supervision  of  in¬ 
dustrial  developments  and  housing  facilities  within  his  district. 

Submarine  defense.  The  protection  of  merchant  ships  and  the 
solution  of  the  submarine  problem,  or  the  devising  of  defensive  and 
offensive  measures  against  the  submarine,  constituted  the  major  ef¬ 
forts  of  the  Naval  Consulting  Board,  which  was  organized,  as  a 
preparedness  measure,  in  October,  1915.  At  a  meeting  of  scientists 
and  industrial  managers  held  under  its  auspices  plans  were  pre¬ 
pared  for  the  investigation  of  every  field  that  might  contribute  to 
the  development  of  a  means  of  preventing  the  destruction  of  ves¬ 
sels  and  of  defeating  the  submarine.  Subsequently  a  general  invi¬ 
tation  was  extended  throughout  the  country  to  submit  ideas  for 
investigation.  Thousands  responded  and  a  few  meritorious  inven¬ 
tions  were  derived  from  this  source.  An  experimental  station  was 
established  at  New  London  for  testing  anti-submarine  devices. 
Among  the  more  important  results  were  the  development  of  means 
for  detecting  submarines  and  of  more  effective  depth-bomb  tactics. 
Continuing  studies  initiated  by  the  board,  the  Ship-Protection 
Committee  of  the  United  States  Shipping  Board  devised  means  of 
protecting  merchant  ships  to  such  an  extent  as  to  reduce  marine 
insurance  rates. 

Transportation  of  troops  and  supplies.  The  Naval  Overseas 
Transportation  Service  was  established  in  January,  1918,  to  as¬ 
sist  the  arm}^  in  transporting  troops,  munitions,  guns,  food,  fuel, 
and  supplies  to  France  and  before  the  cessation  of  hostilities  it  was 
operating  a  fleet  of  378  cargo-carrying  ships  aggregating  a  dead¬ 
weight  tonnage  of  3,800,000.  The  fleet  was  composed  of  ships  be¬ 
longing  to  the  Shipping  Board,  army,  and  private  ovmers,  and  of 
Dutch  merchant  vessels  taken  over  by  the  Navy  Department.  It 
was  operated  by  4672  officers  and  29,175  men  under  the  supervision 
of  an  organization  having  port  headquarters  at  New  York,  Balti¬ 
more,  and  Ne^vport  News.  Going  abroad  under  convoy  this  fleet 
transported  to  French  and  other  European  ports  approximately 
six  million  tons  of  cargo.  Piers,  wharves,  and  warehouses  were  built 
by  Americans  in  French  ports  to  afford  the  necessary  unloading 
facilities  and  to  house  the  cargoes. 


NAVY  DEPARTMENT 


107 


Ordnance.  To  meet  the  demand  for  guns  at  the  beginning  of  the 
war  the  Bureau  of  Ordnance  assisted  in  developing  increased  ca¬ 
pacity  and  output  in  some  of  the  old  plants  and  erected  new’  plants 
until  guns,  chiefly  3-inch,  4-inch,  and  5-inch  in  caliber,  were  pro¬ 
duced  at  the  rate  of  450  to  500  per  month.  A  notable  achievement 
of  the  bureau  w’as  the  designing  and  construction  of  the  14-inch 
naval  guns  on  railway  mountings  that  were  so  effective  on  the  w'est- 
ern  front.  A  non-recoil  aircraft  gun  was  designed  and  constructed 
for  operation  on  seaplanes. 

Powder  for  the  navy  was  produced  by  private  plants  operating  at 
full  capacity  and  by  the  naval  pow  der  plant  at  Indianhead.  A  short¬ 
age  of  high  explosives  for  aerial  bombs,  depth  charges,  and  the 
northern  mine  barrage  was  met  by  the  substitution  of  TNX  for 
TNT  or  xylol  for  toluol.  Mines  were  manufactured  at  the  Nor¬ 
folk  navy  yard  and  mine-loading  plants  w^ere  established  near  York- 
town  and  at  Iona  Island,  Hudson  River.  Torpedoes  were  manu¬ 
factured  at  naval  and  private  plants  in  excess  of  400  a  month. 
During  the  last  few  months  of  the  war  depth  charges  w^ere  pro¬ 
duced  in  quantities  in  excess  of  the  needs  of  the  navy  and  mer¬ 
chant  fleet.  The  armor  plant  at  Charleston,  W.  Va.,  was  designed 
for  an  annual  capacity  of  20,000  tons  of  armor  plate,  10,000  tons 
of  gun  forgings,  and  10,000  tons  of  projectiles. 

A  Labor  Section  was  created  in  the  Industrial  Division  of  the 
Bureau  of  Ordnance  to  keep  in  touch  wdth  conditions  at  all  indus¬ 
trial  plants  of  the  navy  and  at  private  plants  doing  work  for  it  for 
the  purpose  of  forecasting  unrest  or  preventing  the  spread  of  un¬ 
rest  w’hen  discovered,  by  remedying  conditions  or  by  bringing  about 
an  adjustment  of  differences  between  employer  and  employee.  The 
chief  of  the  Industrial  Division  acted  as  liaison  officer  betw’een  the 
War  Labor  Policies  Board,  the  War  Labor  Board,  and  the  various 
other  organizations  dealing  with  labor  conditions. 

Supplies.  For  the  purchase  of  supplies  the  organization  of  the 
Purchase  Division  of  the  Bureau  of  Supplies  and  Accounts  w’as 
expanded  until  it  embraced  nine  commodities  sections  (chemicals 
and  explosives,  cotton  goods,  woolens  and  uniforms,  provisions, 
non-ferrous  metals,  steel,  lumber,  hardware  and  hand  tools,  and 
miscellaneous  materials),  a  priorities  section,  requisition  section. 


108 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


navy  order  section,  open  purchase  section,  emergency  purchase 
section,  contract  section,  legal  section,  award  section,  stock  up¬ 
keep  section,  and  schedule,  correspondence,  printing,  mailing  list, 
automotive,  and  salvage  sections.  The  chief  function  of  each  com¬ 
modity  section  was  to  acquire  for  the  producing  industry  a  knowl¬ 
edge  of  the  raw-material  supply,  labor  supply,  fuel  and  power  sup¬ 
ply,  financial  conditions,  capacity  of  the  industry  for  production, 
probable  war  demands,  substitution  of  materials  previously  avail¬ 
able,  expansion  of  producing  capacity,  reduction  of  consuming  ca¬ 
pacity,  transportation  facilities,  application  of  priority  in  manu¬ 
facture,  previous  and  present  costs  of  production,  and  pre-war 
profit  standards.  The  mailing  Hst  section  kept  an  up-to-date  classi¬ 
fied  list  of  all  the  acceptable  contractors  in  the  country  from  which 
were  obtained  the  names  of  all  important  suppliers  of  any  principal 
item  of  naval  purchase.  The  schedule  and  printing  sections  tabu¬ 
lated  all  naval  requirements  and  assembled  them  in  convenient  form 
for  the  determining  of  prices. 

For  the  coordination  of  government  purchasing  the  Paymaster 
General  of  the  navy,  who  was  chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Supplies  and 
Accounts,  was  a  member  of  the  Requirements  Division  of  the  War 
Industries  Board.  In  each  of  about  forty  commodities  sections  of 
that  board  there  was  an  officer  representing  the  navy  and  from  him 
as  well  as  from  the  board  were  received  reports  of  operations  of 
those  sections.  Requests  of  the  Navy  Department  for  priority  or¬ 
ders  or  contracts  for  supplies  were  considered  and  passed  upon  by 
the  Priorities  Committee  of  the  War  Industries  Board  along  with 
similar  requests  of  other  departments  and  governmental  agencies. 

In  all  cases  in  which  supplies  on  the  market  were  equal  to  the  de¬ 
mand  the  principle  of  competitive  bidding  was  strictly  adhered  to. 
To  accelerate  bidding  mimeographed  copies  of  schedules  of  supplies 
were  mailed  to  producers  on  the  bureau’s  classified  mailing  list,  to 
which  more  than  four  thousand  names  were  added  during  the  war. 
In  the  emergency  section  the  time  required  to  secure  bids  was  fur¬ 
ther  shortened  by  use  of  the  telegraph  and  telephone. 

In  some  instances  in  which  the  supply  of  a  material  was  less  than 
the  demand  or  the  manufacturers  controlling  the  supply  refused  to 
sell  at  a  satisfactory  price  the  material  was  secured  by  mandatory 
and  commandeering  orders.  When  this  was  done  a  fair  price  was 


NAVY  DEPARTMENT 


109 


usually  determined  by  the  report  of  an  accounting  officer  sent  to  the 
producing  plant  to  investigate  the  cost  of  manufacture,  by  investi¬ 
gations  of  the  Federal  Trade  Commission  or  by  the  Price  Fixing 
Committee  of  the  War  Industries  Board. 

Training.  For  the  training  of  seamen  and  firemen  the  capacity 
of  each  of  the  four  permanent  naval  training  stations  was  greatly 
enlarged.  A  training  camp  was  provided  in  each  naval  district.  The 
navy  trade  schools,  also,  were  expanded  and  a  number  of  schools 
for  special  training  were  established.  There  were  training  schools 
for  members  of  the  hospital  corps,  a  school  for  training  in  the  use 
of  submarine  devices,  schools  in  which  entire  crews  were  assembled 
and  trained  for  submarine  operations,  and  a  school  for  training 
salvage  crews.  A  student  navy  training  corps  was  organized  and 
nearly  one  hundred  educational  institutions  of  college  rank  as¬ 
sisted  the  navy  in  training  radio  operators,  engineers,  aviators, 
mechanics,  nurses,  cooks,  and  various  tradesmen.  A  commission  on 
training  camp  activities  was  organized  for  the  navy  in  conjunction 
with  that  for  the  army  to  coordinate  the  efforts  of  the  several  wel¬ 
fare  organizations. 

Medical,  surgical,  and  sanitary  service.  As  directed  in  an  execu¬ 
tive  order,  dated  April  3,  1917,  the  medical  department  of  the  navy 
was  assisted  during  the  war  by  the  sanitary  officers  of  the  United 
States  Public  Health  Service,  especially  in  the  selection  and  inspec¬ 
tion  of  sites  for  camps  and  hospitals,  in  sanitary  and  laboratory 
work,  and  in  other  branches  of  the  service  rendered  by  the  medical 
organization  of  each  naval  district.  For  each  naval  district  and  each 
hospital  base  there  was,  besides  a  central  hospital  service,  a  general 
dispensary  service  at  outlying  stations  for  patrol,  aero,  radio,  and 
other  forces.  Emergency  hospital  buildings  were  erected  at  Ports¬ 
mouth,  N.  H.,  Newport,  R.  I.,  League  Island  Navy  Yard,  Norfolk, 
Va.,  Charleston,  S.  C.,  and  Pensacola,  Fla.  A  committee  on  stand¬ 
ardization  of  medical  and  surgical  supplies  and  equipment  pre¬ 
pared  lists  of  staple  medical  and  surgical  supplies  selected  to  meet 
war  conditions  as  a  means  of  making  possible  a  larger  output  of 
those  for  which  there  was  greatest  need.  State  and  county  commit¬ 
tees  were  organized  to  further  an  effective  mobilization  of  medical 


resources. 


110  OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

Publications 

Annual  Reports  of  the  Navy  Department,  1917,  1918,  and  1919 
(Washington,  1918,  1919,  and  1920,  having  a  total  of  5390  pages).  A 
general  report  each  year  by  the  Secretary  and  a  detailed  report  by 
each  bureau  chief.  That  for  the  Bureau  of  Supplies  and  Accounts  con¬ 
tains  statistical  or  tabulated  statements  with  regard  to  cost,  property 
investments,  and  supply  accounts.  These  statements  constitute  nearly 
one-half  of  the  reports  for  the  three  years. 

Our  Navy  at  War,  by  Josephus  Daniels,  Secretary  of  the  Navy 
(Washington,  1922,  374  pages).  [Unofficial.] 

Digest  Catalogue  of  Laws  and  Joint  Resolutions,  the  Navy  and  the 
World  War  (Publication  No.  3  of  the  Historical  Section,  Office  of 
Records  and  Library,  Navy  Department,  Washington,  1920,  64  pages). 

History  of  the  Bureau  of  Engineering,  Navy  Department,  during  the 
TF orld  War  (Publication  No.  5  of  the  Historical  Section,  Office  of  Naval 
Records  and  Library,  Navy  Department,  Washington,  1922,  176 
pages). 

Activities  of  the  Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks,  Navy  Department, 
World  War,  1917-1918  (Washington,  1921,  522  pages).  Naval  training 
camps.  Marine  Corps  projects,  emergency  hospital  construction,  general 
development  of  yards  and  stations,  shipbuilding  and  repair  facilities, 
shipyard  and  industrial  plant  extensions,  dry  docks,  power  plants, 
public  works  at  ordnance  stations,  armor  and  projectile  plants,  stor¬ 
age,  radio  stations,  submarine  bases,  shore  facilities  for  aviation,  helium 
production  plant,  housing  the  navy.  Construction  Division  of  the  bu¬ 
reau. 

Navy  Ordnance  Activities,  World  War,  1917-1918  (Washington, 
1920,  323  pages).  Arming  vessels,  guns,  mounts,  small  arms,  ammuni¬ 
tion,  depth  charges,  the  northern  barrage,  inventions  and  research,  avia¬ 
tion  ordnance,  fire  control  and  optics,  torpedoes,  turrets,  naval  railway 
batteries,  tractor  batteries,  intelligence.  Industrial  Division. 

German  Submarine  Activities  on  the  Atlantic  Coast  of  the  United 
States  and  Canada  (Publication  No.  1  of  the  Historical  Section,  Office 
of  Records  and  Library,  Navy  Department,  Washington,  1920,  163 
pages). 

Naval  Consulting  Board  of  the  United  States,  by  Lloyd  N.  Scott,  late 
Captain,  U.S.A.  and  liaison  officer  to  the  Naval  Consulting  Board 
(Washington,  1920,  288  pages).  Origin  and  organization.  Special  Prob¬ 
lems  Committee,  Ship  Protection  Committee,  inventions,  accomplish¬ 
ments.  [Unofficial.] 


NAVY  DEPARTMENT 


111 


Naval  Consulting  Board — Bulletins:  No.  1.  “The  submarine  and  kin¬ 
dred  problems”  (New  York,  1917,  15  pages)  ;  No.  2.  “The  enemy  sub¬ 
marine”  (New  York,  1918,  47  pages),  the  submarine  and  its  operations, 
protection  of  ships,  offensive  against  submarines;  No.  3.  “Problems  of 
aeroplane  improvement”  (New  York,  1918,  32  pages). 

Records 

The  Historical  Section  of  the  Office  of  Naval  Records  and  Li¬ 
brary  has  a  number  of  reports  and  historical  narratives  relative  to 
war  activities,  and  in  most  instances  some  of  the  more  detailed  rec¬ 
ords,  those  from  which  the  reports  were  prepared,  are  in  the  bureau 
files  of  the  department.  The  following  is  a  list  of  such  of  the  reports 
and  narratives  as  are  pertinent  to  this  survey : 

History  of  War  Activities  under  the  Bureau  of  Construction  and  Re¬ 
pair,  by  Admiral  D.  W.  Taylor. 

Activities  of  the  Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgery  during  the  Euro¬ 
pean  War,  by  Admiral  W.  C.  Braisted. 

Bureau  of  Supplies  and  Accounts,  by  Rear  Admiral  Samuel  Mc¬ 
Gowan. 

History  of  the  Training  Division,  Bureau  of  Navigation,  by  Lieuten¬ 
ant  Commander  L.  P.  Clephane. 

U.S.  Coast  Guard  Activities  during  the  European  War,  by  D.  P. 
Foley. 

Office  of  Naval  Intelligence,  its  History  and  Aims,  by  Admiral  A.  P. 
Niblack. 

The  Office  of  Naval  Intelligence  before  and  during  the  World  War, 
by  Captain  Edward  McCauley. 

Relation  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense  to  the  Navy  Depart¬ 
ment  during  the  War,  by  D.  M.  Reynolds. 

Chemistry  in  War,  by  Lieutenant  Commander  Henry  E.  Rhodes. 

History  of  the  Naval  Overseas  Transportation  Service,  by  Lieutenant 
Commander  Clephane. 

History  of  the  First  Naval  District. 

History  of  the  Second  Naval  District. 

History  of  the  Third  Naval  District. 

History  of  the  Fourth  Naval  District. 

History  of  the  Fifth  Naval  District. 

History  of  the  Sixth  Naval  District. 

History  of  the  Seventh  Naval  District. 


112 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Historical  Account  of  the  U.S.  Naval  Air  Station  at  Pensacola, 
Eighth  District. 

Historical  Account  of  Ninth,  Tenth,  and  Eleventh  Naval  Districts. 
Historical  Narrative  of  the  Twelfth  Naval  District  during  the  World 
War. 

Historical  Narrative  of  Puget  Sound  Navy  Yard  and  the  Thirteenth 
Naval  District. 

Historical  Narrative  of  the  Fourteenth  Naval  District. 

Historical  Narrative  of  Activities  of  the  Fifteenth  Naval  District. 
Historical  Data  on  the  Sixteenth  Naval  District,  Philippines. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


UNITED  STATES  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 
Organization 

The  United  States  Geological  Survey  has  three  field  branches  and 
three  office  branches.  The  field  branches  are  the  Geologic,  the  Topo¬ 
graphic,  and  the  Water  Resources.  The  office  branches  are  the  Ad¬ 
ministrative,  the  Land  Classification,  and  the  Publication.  The  Geo¬ 
logic  Branch  has  four  divisions :  Geology,  with  eleven  sections ; 
Chemical  and  Physical  Research,  Mineral  Resources,  and  Alaskan 
Mineral  Resources.  The  permanent  organization  of  the  Topo¬ 
graphic  Branch  embraces  four  divisions:  Atlantic,  Central,  Rocky 
Mountain,  and  Northwestern.  In  January,  1917,  the  Division  of 
Military  Surveys  was  added,  and  subsequently,  to  meet  the  situa¬ 
tion  arising  from  the  war,  the  branch  was  reorganized  in  five  de¬ 
partments:  Northeastern,  Eastern,  Southeastern,  Central,  and 
Southern.  The  Water  Resources  Branch  has  four  divisions:  Sur¬ 
face  Waters,  Ground  Waters,  Water  Utilization,  Enlarged  and 
Stock-Raising  Homesteads,  and  Quality  of  Water. 

War  Functions 

During  the  war  the  three  field  branches  and  the  Publications 
Branch  were  engaged  in  investigations  for  the  promotion  of  war 
industries  or  in  rendering  assistance  directly  to  the  military  and 
naval  forces. 

Division  of  Geology.  Geologists  of  this  division  limited  their  field 
studies  to  a  search  for  new  deposits  of  minerals,  both  metallic  and 
non-metallic,  required  in  the  manufacture  of  munitions,  for  high 
grade  ores,  for  ores  more  easily  available,  and  especially — to  meet 
the  shipping  emergency  as  well  as  the  industrial  demands  of  the 
war — for  those  indispensable  ores  for  which  the  United  States  had 
been  dependent  upon  overseas  transportation.  Section  1,  Eastern 
Areal  Geology,  searched  for  reported  deposits  of  manganese,  chro¬ 
mite,  tungsten,  salt,  high-calcium  lime,  and  white  clays.  Section  2, 
Western  Areal  Geology,  searched  for  chromite,  nitrates,  potash. 


114 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


and  sulphur.  Section  7,  Geology  of  Iron  and  Steel  Alloy  Metals, 
was  engaged  in  special  field  studies  of  deposits  of  chromium,  manga¬ 
nese,  tungsten,  zirconium,  molybdenum,  and  iron.  Section  8,  Ge¬ 
ology  of  Non-metalliferous  Deposits,  investigated  reported  dei- 
posits  of  potash  and  nitrates.  Section  11,  Geology  of  Oil  and  Gas 
Fields,  made  structural  examinations  of  prospective  oil  regions  and 
cooperated  with  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  the  War  Department,  and 
the  Navy  Department  in  a  search  for  natural  gas  rich  in  helium. 

Division  of  Chemical  and  Physical  Research.  Geologists  of  this 
division  tested  rocks  for  platinum  and  labored  in  various  ways  for 
an  increased  production  of  potash,  mica,  and  sodium  salts. 

Division  of  Mineral  Resources.  This  division  rendered  a  service 
of  prime  importance  in  supplying  information  relative  to  minerals 
— production,  imports,  consumption,  sources  of  supply — to  the 
War  Industries  Board,  War  Trade  Board,  U.S.  Shipping  Board, 
and  other  war  boards  or  military  establishments  represented  on  the 
Joint  Information  Board  on  Minerals  and  Derivatives  which  the 
Geological  Survey  took  the  initiative  in  organizing  in  February, 
1918.  Before  the  armistice  was  signed  the  work  of  the  four  divi¬ 
sions  of  the  Geologic  Branch  amounted  in  effect  to  a  census  or  quan¬ 
titative  appraisal  of  the  resources  of  the  United  States  in  the  more 
important  war  mineral  commodities.  Much  was  contributed  to  the 
knowledge  of  the  mineral  resources  of  foreign  countries  as  weU. 

Topographic  Branch.  This  branch  made  topograpliical  surveys 
along  the  national  borders  in  conformity  with  a  program  of  the 
General  Staff  of  the  army  for  national  defense.  Subsequently  the 
entire  field  work  of  the  branch  was  made  to  conform  to  a  program 
for  military  surveys  drawn  up  by  the  General  Staff,  and  110  of  the 
branch’s  engineers  were  commissioned  in  the  Engineer  Officers’  Re¬ 
serve  Corps  for  military  duty  in  France  and  at  home. 

Water  Resources  Branch.  The  engineers  of  this  branch  cooper¬ 
ated  with  surveys  in  several  States  in  the  preparation  of  summary 
reports  on  the  underground  water  supplies  and  soil-drainage  fea¬ 
tures  of  areas  along  the  Atlantic  and  Gulf  coasts  and  Mexican  bor¬ 
der  for  the  use  of  the  War  Department  in  the  selection  of  canton¬ 
ment  sites.  A  country-wide  survey  of  the  power  situation  was  made 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


115 


to  determine  where  water  power  could  be  substituted  for  steam¬ 
generated  power.  Assistance  was  rendered  the  Reclamation  Service 
in  the  measurement  of  streams  that  were  expected  to  furnish  water 
to  reclaimed  lands. 

Publications 

Thirty-Eighth  Annual  Report  of  the  Director  of  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey  to  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  for  the  Fiscal  Year 
ended  June  30,  1917  (Washington,  1917,  176  pages).  Search  for  com¬ 
mercial  deposits  of  war  minerals ;  topographic  surveys ;  military  sur¬ 
veys;  cooperation  with  federal  bureaus,  the  War  Department,  and  the 
Navy  Department  in  war  work. 

Thirty-Ninth  Annual  Report  of  the  Director  of  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey  .  .  .  June  30,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  163  pages). 
Special  war  activities ;  contributions  to  economic  geology ;  cooperation 
with  other  agencies  of  the  Federal  Government. 

Fortieth  Annual  Report  of  the  Director  of  the  United  States  Geologi¬ 
cal  Survey  .  .  .  June  30,  1919  (Washington,  1919,  200  pages). 
Searches  for  deposits  of  war  minerals ;  investigation  of  specific  water¬ 
power  problems;  readjustment  program. 

A  List  of  the  Publications  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey, 
August,  1921  (Washington,  1921,  192  pages).  Annual  reports,  mono¬ 
graphs,  professional  papers,  bulletins,  mineral  resources,  water-supply 
papers,  folios  of  the  Geologic  Atlas  of  the  United  States,  special  publi¬ 
cations. 

World  Atlas  of  Commercial  Geology  (Washington,  1921,  two  parts). 
Perhaps  the  most  important  printed  product  of  the  Geological  Survey 
having  an  economic  significance.  Part  I,  “Distribution  of  Mineral  Pro¬ 
duction”  (72  pages,  72  plates),  is  a  study  of  the  distribution  of  mineral 
raw  materials  and  their  relation  to  the  promotion  of  trade  and  the  con¬ 
trol  of  industry.  Part  II,  “Water  Power  of  the  World”  (39  pages,  8 
plates),  is  a  general  statement  of  the  water-power  resources  of  the  world 
and  the  extent  of  their  development. 

Mineral  Resources  of  the  United  States,  1917  (Washington,  1921, 
Part  I,  “Metals,”  980  pages;  Part  II,  “Nonmetals,”  1293  pages).  The 
effects  of  the  war  on  the  mineral  industries  are  shown  and  the  economic 
limits  to  domestic  independence  in  minerals  and  the  international  con¬ 
trol  of  minerals  are  discussed. 

Mineral  Resources  of  the  United  States,  1918  (Washington,  1921, 
Part  I,  “Metals,”  1096  pages;  Part  II,  “Nonmetals,”  1557  pages). 
An  inventory  of  the  mineral  resources  of  the  country. 


116 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Mineral  Resources  of  the  United  States,  1919  (Washington,  1922, 
Part  I,  “Metals,”  807  pages;  Part  II,  “Nonmetals,”  565  pages).  Re¬ 
flects  the  reaction  in  the  mineral  industries  from  intensive  production 
for  war  purposes. 

Our  Mineral  Supplies  (Washington,  1919,  Bulletm  No.  666,  278 
pages).  Discusses  the  sources  of  supply,  uses,  and  demands  for  each  of 
thirty-three  war  minerals. 

Contributions  to  Economic  Geology  (Washington,  1918,  Bulletin  No. 
660,  304  pages).  This  bulletin  comprises  eleven  papers,  among  which 
is  one  on  manganese  deposits  in  Arkansas,  one  on  possibilities  for  manga¬ 
nese  deposits  in  Arkansas,  one  on  possibilities  for  manganese  ore  in  the 
Shenandoah  Valley,  Va.,  and  one  on  tin  resources  of  the  Kings  Mountain 
District,  N.  C. 

Contributions  to  Economic  Geology  (Washington,  1919,  Bulletin  No. 
690,  147  pages).  This  bulletin  comprises  six  papers,  among  which  are 
two  on  manganese  deposits  in  Montana. 

Helium-Bearing  Natural  Gas,  by  G.  Sherburne  Rogers  (Washington, 
1921,  Professional  Paper  No.  121,  113  pages). 

A  number  of  important  articles  containing  detailed  material  rela¬ 
tive  to  the  war  work  and  readjustment  program  of  the  Geological 
Survey  were  contributed  by  members  of  the  staff  to  the  Annals  of 
the  American  Academy  of  Political  and  Social  Science,  Transactions 
of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  and  Metallurgical  Engineers, 
Bulletins  of  the  Pan-American  Union,  Engineering  and  Mining- 
J ournal,  and  the  mining  and  scientific  press  generally. 

Records 

As  much  of  the  survey’s  work  on  mineral  resources  was  directly 
contributory  to  the  work  of  the  War  Industries  Board,  War  Trade 
Board,  Shipping  Board,  Fuel  Administration,  and  the  army  and 
the  navy,  material  collected  relative  to  it  was  turned  over  to  the 
archives  of  those  organizations.  But  the  Geological  Survey  itself 
has  on  file  in  its  records  an  important  body  of  source  material  in 
the  data  turned  in  by  the  Joint  Information  Board  on  Minerals 
and  Derivatives,  which  was  conducted  under  the  auspices  of  the 
Geological  Survey  and  had  a  membership  of  representatives  from 
some  twenty  federal  war  organizations.  This  data  includes  material 
on  mineral  commodities,  collected  and  revised  about  every  month. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


117 


as  to  the  occurrence  and  distribution  of  foreign  as  well  as  domestic 
mineral  deposits,  their  production  and  export,  their  uses,  consump¬ 
tion,  and  essential  and  non-essential  classifications,  together  with 
substitutes  for  them.  The  records  also  include  voluminous  files  of 
quarterly,  monthly,  and  weekly  reports  on  the  production,  consump¬ 
tion,  movements,  and  commitments  in  the  trade  in  minerals.  A 
mimeographed  copy  of  an  index  to  this  material  entitled  “List  of 
Statistical  and  Other  Information  on  Minerals  and  Mineral  Deriva¬ 
tives  Issued  by  Joint  Information  Board  on  Minerals  and  Deriva¬ 
tives”  (October,  1918,  178  pages),  is  in  the  Library  of  Congress. 
The  survey  files  also  contain,  in  addition  to  correspondence,  bibli¬ 
ographies  and  abstracts  which  serve  as  bases  of  research  on  foreign 
mineral  deposits,  and  translations  of  important  literature,  espe¬ 
cially  on  oil.  For  these  files  there  is  a  card  index. 

Among  many  periodical  statements  in  mimeographed  issues  the 
following  are  of  economic  importance : 

Monthly  Power  Report,  usually  7  pages,  issued  for  February,  March, 
April,  July,  September,  and  October  in  1919  and  monthly  since  Janu¬ 
ary,  1920.  It  tabulates  by  States  the  “Production  of  electric  power  and 
consumption  of  fuels  by  public  utility  power  plants  in  the  United 
States,”  and  is  used  to  lower  production  costs  in  power  plants. 

Monthly  and  Weekly  Statements  of  Copper  Production,  issued  Octo¬ 
ber,  1918,  to  December,  1918.  Statistical  tables  exhibiting  production, 
stocks  on  hand,  and  distribution  of  copper  supplies. 

Monthly  Statement  of  Petroleum  Production  and  Consumption,  issued 
since  January,  1917,  for  general  circulation,  showing  quantities  of  oil 
moved,  consumed,  delivered,  and  in  storage  at  the  end  of  each  month  for 
each  of  the  major  oil  fields  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  also  giving 
estimates  of  the  California  field. 

Monthly  Statement  of  Railroad  Movement  of  Coal  and  Coke,  issued 
August  1, 1916,  to  June,  1917. 

Monthly  and  Weekly  Statements  of  Spelter  Production,  weekly  from 
December  8,  1917,  to  January  25,  1919:  monthly  subsequently.  Tabu¬ 
lates  the  production,  stock,  and  commitments,  and  in  some  cases  the  im¬ 
ports  and  exports,  with  occasional  notes  of  explanation. 

Weekly  Statement  of  Bituminous  Coal  and  Coke  Production,  issued 
since  July,  1917,  as  an  authoritative  index  of  industrial  conditions  in 
this  industry,  of  service  both  to  the  government  and  the  trade. 

Weekly  Statement  of  Lead  Production,  issued  December  1,  1917,  to 


118 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


January  11, 1919.  Tabulates  production,  stocks,  and  commitments,  with 
occasional  notes  of  explanation,  to  serve  the  government  and  the  trade. 

There  were  also  quarterly  and  later  monthly  statements  showing 
the  production,  stocks,  and  commitments  of  chrome  ore  and  manga¬ 
nese. 

There  were  in  addition  the  press  notices,  issued  with  great  fre- 
quenc}’^  and  irregularity,  conveying  information  of  a  popular  as 
well  as  of  a  statistical  character. 


BUREAU  OF  MINES 
Functions 

The  Bureau  of  Mines  was  established  by  act  of  Congress,  May  16, 
1910,  to  conduct  scientific  investigations  relative  to  mining  and 
mineral  substances  as  a  means  of  increasing  health,  safety,  and 
efliciency  in  the  mineral  industries.  During  the  war  the  bureau 
functioned  mainly  as  a  war  agency.  It  cooperated  with  the  War 
Department  and  the  National  Research  Council  in  a  study  of  poison 
gases  and  gas  masks;  with  the  War  Department  in  the  production 
of  nitric  acid  and  sodium  cyanide  for  war  purposes  and  ammonia 
for  agricultural  purposes;  with  the  War  and  Navy  Departments  in 
an  investigation  of  helium  as  a  non-inflammable  gas  for  balloons; 
with  the  chemical  and  fertilizer  committees  of  the  Council  of  Na¬ 
tional  Defense  in  the  study  of  problems  relative  to  the  manufac¬ 
ture  of  sulphuric  acid ;  with  the  Geological  Survey  and  the  Bureau 
of  Soils,  Department  of  Agriculture,  in  an  investigation  of  the 
sources  of  potash  and  methods  of  manufacture ;  with  the  Geological 
Survey  in  a  study  of  the  petroleum  industry  to  determine  if  the 
war  needs  could  be  met;  and  in  various  ways  with  the  Fuel  Ad¬ 
ministration,  the  War  Industries  Board,  the  War  Trade  Board, 
the  Shipping  Board,  the  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation,  the  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Standards,  and  the  Capital  Issues  Committee. 

From  the  outbreak  of  the  war  in  Em’ope  the  bureau  labored  for 
an  increased  domestic  production  of  such  war  materials  as  had  up 
to  that  time  been  largely  imported,  and  in  the  deficiency  bill  of 
March  28,  1918,  Congress  made  a  specific  appropriation  for  in- 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


119 


vestigations,  by  the  bureau,  “concerning  the  mining,  preparation, 
treatment,  and  utilization  of  ores  and  other  mineral  substances 
which  are  particularly  needed  for  carrying  on  the  war,  in  connec¬ 
tion  with  military  and  manufacturing  purposes,  and  wliich  have 
heretofore  been  largely  imported,  with  a  view  to  developing  do¬ 
mestic  sources  of  supply  and  substitutes  for  such  ores  and  mineral 
products  as  are  particularly  needed.”  A  war  minerals  control  act, 
for  a  similar  purpose,  was  approved  October  5,  1918,  but  hostilities 
ceased  so  soon  thereafter  that  it  did  not  go  into  effect. 

Authority  to  supervise  and  regulate,  by  means  of  licenses,  the 
manufacture,  distribution,  storage,  use,  and  possession  of  explo¬ 
sives  was  vested  in  the  director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  by  the  ex¬ 
plosives  act  of  October  6,  1917. 

Organization 

The  war  work  of  the  bureau  w'as  conducted  chiefly  in  four  di\'i- 
sions:  (1)  War  Gas,  (2)  War  Minerals,  (3)  Explosives  Regula¬ 
tion,  and  (4)  Petroleum,  all  of  which,  except  the  last,  were  organ¬ 
ized  for  the  purpose. 

War  Gas  Division.  In  its  line  of  duty  to  conduct  investigations 
with  a  view  to  promoting  the  health  and  safety  of  miners,  the  bu¬ 
reau  had  from  its  origin  devoted  attention  to  poisonous  and  explo¬ 
sive  gases,  the  use  of  rescue  apparatus  and  masks,  and  the  exploring 
of  noxious  atmospheres  and  methods  of  resuscitating  persons  over¬ 
come  by  bad  air;  and  the  day  on  which  the  United  States  entered 
the  war  a  committee  on  gases  was  formed  by  the  National  Research 
Council  to  cooperate  with  the  bureau  in  this  work.  November  7, 

1917,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  appointed  a  board  of  scientists 
to  advise  the  director  regarding  the  prosecution  of  further  gas  in¬ 
vestigations  and  experiments  with  gases,  and  the  work  of  the  bu¬ 
reau  in  this  field,  with  headquarters  at  the  American  University, 
was  assuming  large  proportions  when  by  executive  order,  June  25, 

1918,  it  was  transferred  to  the  Chemical  Warfare  Service  of  the 
army.  An  organization  of  the  bureau  for  supervising  the  construc¬ 
tion  of  gas  masks  had  been  turned  over  to  the  Surgeon  General’s 
Office  in  August,  1917,  and  a  staff  of  engineers  working  on  the 
development  of  processes  for  manufacturing  gases  had  been  trans- 


120  OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

f erred  to  the  Bureau  of  Ordnance,  War  Department,  in  December, 
1917. 

War  Minerals  Division.  The  director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  was 
a  member  of  the  military  committee  of  the  National  Research  Coun¬ 
cil  and  of  the  committees  on  mineral  products  of  the  Council  of  Na¬ 
tional  Defense.  Representatives  of  the  bureau  served  on  the  War 
Minerals  Committee,  other  members  of  which  were  representatives 
of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers,  the  Mining  and 
Metallurgical  Society  of  America,  the  Association  of  State  Geolo¬ 
gists,  and  the  U.S.  Geological  Survey.  A  representative  of  the 
bureau  was  also  a  member  of  the  Joint  Information  Board  on  Min¬ 
erals  and  Derivatives,  w'hich  functioned  as  a  clearing  house  of  in¬ 
formation  for  all  branches  of  the  government  interested  in  mineral 
problems.  The  war  minerals  investigations  conducted  by  the  bureau 
were  in  charge  of  a  chief  executive  with  a  general  staff  of  ten  mem¬ 
bers,  each  in  charge  of  one  of  the  sections  devoted  respectively  to  the 
following:  (1)  priority  matters;  (2)  shipping  problems;  (3)  mat¬ 
ters  relating  to  highways  and  roads;  (4)  matters  of  organization 
and  planning,  and  excess-profits  taxes;  (5)  mining  methods;  (6) 
mining  costs  and  ore  markets;  (7)  matters  relating  to  the  work  of 
the  Capital  Issues  Committee;  (8)  political  and  commercial  control 
of  minerals;  (9)  informational  matters  and  non-metallic  minerals; 
(10)  files  and  editing  of  manuscripts.  There  were  engineers  in  charge 
of  researches  on  the  different  minerals,  and  all  investigations  were 
closely  associated  with  the  work  done  at  the  mining  experiment  sta¬ 
tions  of  the  bureau  under  the  direction  of  the  bureau’s  division 
chiefs  and  the  supervisor  of  the  experiment  stations.  Among  the 
more  important  minerals  relative  to  which  investigations  were  made 
were:  manganese,  essential  for  making  high  grade  steel  for  muni¬ 
tions  and  industrial  use;  grapliite,  for  making  crucibles;  tin,  for 
plating  utensils  and  for  bearing-metal;  mercury,  used  as  fulminate 
to  explode  shells;  potash  for  fertilizer  and  for  making  explosives; 
tungsten  and  molybdenum,  for  high-speed  tool  steel ;  antimony,  for 
hardening  bullet  lead ;  chromite  for  tool  steel,  for  tanning  leather, 
and  as  a  refractory  lining  in  furnaces ;  magnesite  for  refractory 
linings ;  mica,  as  insulating  material ;  platinum  for  the  manufac¬ 
ture  of  sulphuric  acid  and  for  electrical  apparatus. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


121 


Explosives  Regulation  Division.  This  division,  the  function  of 
which  was  the  administration  of  the  explosives  act,  was  in  charge  of 
a  chief  with  a  staff  of  five  members,  each  of  whom  was  head  of  one 
of  the  five  main  branches  or  sections  devoted  respectively  to:  (1) 
administration  and  questions  of  policy;  (2)  investigation  of  appli¬ 
cations  for  an  issuance  of  manufacturer’s,  exporter’s,  and  im¬ 
porter’s  licenses;  (3)  examination  and  appointment  of  field  em¬ 
ployees;  (4)  investigation  and  prosecution  of  violations  of  the  act; 
(5)  construction  and  location  of  magazines  and  proper  storage  of 
explosives  and  ingredients.  In  each  of  the  States  and  in  Alaska  there 
was  an  inspector  with  an  advisory  committee,  the  members  of  which 
were  designated  as  assistant  inspectors.  The  state  inspectors  were 
appointed  by  the  President  with  the  approval  of  the  Senate.  The 
members  of  the  advisory  committees  were  appointed  by  the  direc¬ 
tor  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  with  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior.  It  was  the  duty  of  each  inspector,  under  the  direction 
of  the  director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  to  see  that  the  act  was 
“faithfully  executed  and  observed.” 

Petroleum  Division.  The  work  of  this  division  is  classified  under 
three  heads:  (1)  production  technology,  (2)  engineering  tech¬ 
nology,  and  (3)  chemical  technology,  but  the  entire  division  is 
under  the  direction  of  the  chief  petroleum  technologist.  During  the 
war  the  division,  cooperating  with  the  Fuel  Administration  and  with 
different  bureaus  of  the  War  Department  and  Navy  Department, 
was  concerned  chiefly  with  questions  relating  to  war-time  condi¬ 
tions  and  to  greater  efficiency  in  the  utilization  of  liquid  fuels. 

Publications 

Seventh  Annual  Report  by  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  to 
the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  for  the  Fiscal  Year  ended  June  30,  1917 
(Washington,  1917,  106  pages).  Summary  of  special  war  work:  nitrate 
supply,  raw  materials  for  sulphuric  acid,  war  gases,  gas  masks,  nickel 
supply,  manganese  supply,  quicksilver,  potash,  petroleum  products, 
explosives. 

Eighth  Annual  Report  hy  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mmes  .  .  . 
June  SO,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  124  pages).  Use  of  gases  in  war¬ 
fare,  war  minerals  investigation,  explosives  regulation. 


122 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Ninth  Annual  Report  hy  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  .  .  . 
June  30,  1919  (Washington,  1919,  120  pages).  War  minerals  investi¬ 
gations,  activities  of  the  explosives  division,  helium  investigations,  war 
minerals  relief  commission. 

Publications  of  the  Bureau  of  Mimes  (August,  1921,  31  pages).  A  list 
of  all  publications  issued  by  the  bureau,  consisting  of  209  bulletins,  291 
technical  papers,  10  annual  reports  of  the  director,  handbooks,  and 
circulars. 

General  Information  and  Rulings  for  the  Enforcement  of  the  Law 
Regulating  the  Manufacture,  Distribution,  Storage,  Use,  or  Possession 
of  Explosives  and  Their  Ingredients,  by  F.  S.  Peabody,  assistant  to  the 
director  in  charge  of  explosives  (Washington,  1918,  44  pages). 

Bulletins : 

178.  War  Work  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines,  by  Van  H.  Manning,  4  parts:  (A) 
War  Gas  Investigations  (39  pages) ;  (B)  War  Minerals,  Nitrogen  Fixation, 
and  Sodium  Cyanide  (21  pages)  ;  (C)  Petroleum  Investigations  and  Pro¬ 
duction  of  Helium  (25  pages)  ;  (D)  Explosives  and  Miscellaneous  Investi¬ 
gations  (20  pages). 

112.  Mining  and  Preparing  Domestic  Graphite  for  Crucible  Use,  by  G.  H. 
Dubb  and  F.  G.  Moses  (80  pages). 

160.  Rock  Quarrying  for  Cement  Manufacture,  by  Oliver  Bowles  (160 
pages). 

173.  Manganese :  Uses,  Preparation,  Mining  Costs,  Manufacture  of  Ferro- 
Alloys,  by  C.  M.  Weld  and  others  (209  pages). 

184.  The  Manufacture  of  Sulphuric  Acid  in  the  United  States,  by  A.  E. 
Wells  and  D.  E.  Fogg  (216  pages). 

198.  Regulation  of  Explosives  in  the  United  States,  by  C.  E.  Monroe  (45 
pages). 

Technical  Papers : 

179.  Preparedness  Census  of  Mining  Engineers,  Metallurgists,  and  Chemists, 
by  Albert  H.  Fay  (19  pages). 

199.  Five  Ways  of  Saving  Fuel  in  Heating  Houses,  by  Henry  Kreisinger  (10 
pages). 

205.  Saving  Coal  in  Boiler  Plants,  by  Henry  Kreisinger  (21  pages). 

243.  Development  of  Liquid  Oxygen  Explosives  during  the  War,  by  George 
S.  Rice. 

Political  and  Commercial  Geology  of  the  World’s  Mineral  Resources, 
edited  by  J.  E.  Spurr  (New  York,  1920,  562  pages).  Includes  38  techni¬ 
cal  papers  written  by  research  workers  in  the  War  Minerals  Division. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR  123 

Records 

From  July,  1919,  to  July,  1922,  the  Reference  and  Informa¬ 
tion  Files  of  the  Bureau  of  Mines  were  a  receiving  station  for  war 
material  collected  by  the  several  divisions  and  committees  of  the 
bureau,  together  with  some  turned  over  by  the  Fuel  Administration. 
Subsequently  this  collection,  which  had  been  maintained  as  a  com¬ 
posite  whole  and  classified  on  the  commodity  basis,  was  divided.  The 
foreign  minerals  material  was  taken  by  the  Foreign  Minerals  Re¬ 
serve  of  the  Geological  Survey,  while  the  domestic  material  was 
distributed  among  the  four  technical  divisions  of  the  Bureau  of 
Mines;  (1)  Mineral  Technology,  (2)  Fuels,  (3)  Mining,  (4)  Pe¬ 
troleum  and  Natural  Gas.  That  delivered  to  the  Mining  and  Fuels 
Divisions  has  become  a  part  of  the  inactive  or  dead  files  of  the 
Administrative  Division  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior.  That 
delivered  to  the  other  two  divisions  has  been  retained  in  their  immedi¬ 
ate  custody.  The  material  consists  of  general  correspondence,  circu¬ 
lar  letter  questionnaires  and  responses  to  them  relative  to  war  con¬ 
ditions,  statistical  data,  and  reports  of  investigations  and  other 
operations.  Especially  important  are  reports  to  those  branches  of 
the  government  with  wliich  the  bureau  cooperated  during  the  war 
and  the  correspondence  with  state  bureaus  to  stimulate  domestic 
mineral  production.  In  the  bureau  library  is  a  mimeographed  copy 
of  a  War  Minerals  Investigation  Series,  September,  1918-May, 
1919,  embracing  18  papers,  varying  in  length  from  8  to  45  pages, 
written  on  technical  subjects  by  research  workers  of  the  division  for 
general  circulation. 

UNITED  STATES  RECLAMATION  SERVICE 

Functions 

The  United  States  Reclamation  Service  was  established  by  the 
reclamation  act  of  June  17,  1902,  which  created  a  reclamation  fund 
out  of  the  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  public  lands  in  Arizona,  Cali¬ 
fornia,  Colorado,  Idaho,  Kansas,  Montana,  Nebraska,  Nevada, 
New  Mexico,  North  Dakota,  Oklahoma,  Oregon,  South  Dakota, 
Utah,  Washington,  and  Wyoming  for  the  construction  and  main¬ 
tenance  of  irrigation  works  to  reclaim  arid  and  semi-arid  lands  in 


124 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


those  States.  An  act  of  June  12,  1906,  extended  the  provisions  of 
the  reclamation  act  to  Texas.  The  control,  direction,  and  manage¬ 
ment  of  the  service,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Interior,  is  vested  in  a  Reclamation  Board  consisting  of  a  director, 
chief  engineer,  chief  counsel,  comptroller,  and  supervisor  of  irriga¬ 
tion. 

During  the  war  all  construction  work  was  suspended  which  did 
not  promise  increased  crop  production  before  the  restoration  of 
peace  and  efforts  were  made  to  stimulate  crop  production  on  the 
various  reclamation  projects  under  way.  Farmers  cultivating  land 
included  in  reclamation  projects  under  way  were  supphed  with 
seed,  and,  in  cases  where  transportation  was  lacking,  storage  cellars 
were  built  for  the  preservation  of  perishable  crops.  Determined  ef¬ 
forts  were  made  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  and  the  Reclama¬ 
tion  Service  to  procure  legislation  to  provide  work  and  homes  for 
returning  soldiers  by  the  development  of  new  reclamation  projects. 
The  sundry  civil  act  of  July  1,  1918,  appropriated  $100,000  for 
investigations  relative  to  the  plan ;  surveys  were  made  for  the  pur¬ 
pose  of  locating  feasible  projects,  and  steps  were  taken  by  many  of 
the  States  to  cooperate  with  the  federal  government.  But  the  bill 
on  which  the  fate  of  the  program  depended,  the  Mondell  bill  of 
February,  1919,  entitled,  “A  bill  providing  for  cooperation  between 
the  United  States  and  state  governments  in  the  rural  settlement  of 
soldiers,  sailors,  and  marines,  and  to  promote  the  reclamation  of 
lands,”  failed  to  pass. 

Publications 

Reclamation  Record,  issued  monthly  since  January,  1908,  to  water- 
right  users  on  reclamation  projects.  The  twelve  numbers  of  each  3"ear 
are  bound  in  a  volume  of  about  600  pages  and  indexed.  The  material 
is  of  a  popular  nature.  Much  of  it  relates  to  irrigation  matters.  For 
the  period  of  the  war  and  readjustment  there  is  conservation  propa¬ 
ganda  and  propaganda  for  the  promotion  of  the  plan  to  provide  work 
and  homes  for  soldiers  on  reclaimed  lands.  The  March  number  for  1918 
contains  an  article  on  the  “Activities  of  the  Interior  Department  War 
Work  Association.” 

Development  of  Unused  Lands,  a  report  hy  the  Reclamation  Service. 
(House  Document  No.  262,  66th  Congress,  1st  Session,  Washington, 
1919,  184  pages).  Part  I,  “Investigation  of  Swamp  and  Cut-Over 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


125 


Lands”;  Part  II,  “Investigations  of  Wet  and  Practically  Unused  Lands 
in  the  Southern  Division” ;  Part  III,  “Investigations  of  Lands  Needing 
Drainage  and  Cut-Over  Lands  in  the  Northern  Division  and  Cut-Over 
Lands  in  the  Western  Division.”  These  investigations  were  made  for 
the  purpose  of  locating  feasible  projects  for  the  reclamation  of  lands 
for  soldiers. 

Work  and  Homes  for  Returning  Soldiers,  Sailors,  and  Marines,  a  re¬ 
port  (No.  1081,  65th  Congress,  3rd  Session)  by  the  House  Committee 
on  Irrigation  of  Arid  Lands  on  the  Mondell  bill  for  the  rural  settle¬ 
ment  of  soldiers,  sailors,  and  marines  and  to  promote  the  reclamation 
of  lands.  34  pages.  There  is  also  a  report  by  the  Senate  Committee  on 
Public  Lands  on  the  same  bill.  Report  No.  780,  65th  Congress,  3rd 
Session.  34  pages. 

Summary  of  Soldier  Settlements  in  English-Speaking  Countries,  by 
Elwood  Mead,  Constructing  Engineer,  U.S.  Reclamation  Service  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1918,  28  pages).  A  summary  of  soldier-settlement  legislation  in 
Great  Britain,  Canada,  Australia,  New  Zealand,  and  Union  of  South 
Africa. 

Work  and  Homes  for  Our  Fighting  Men,  by  Franklin  K.  Lane  et  al. 
(Washington,  1919,  23  pages).  A  program  for  the  reclamation  of  lands 
for  soldiers. 


Records 

The  records  of  the  Reclamation  Service  which  come  within  the 
scope  of  this  survey  are  (1)  “Reclamation  Circular  Letters”  and 
(2)  “Miscellaneous  Data  on  Soldiers’  Settlement  Project.” 

The  Reclamation  Circular  Letters  are  issued  in  mimeograph  at  ir¬ 
regular  but  frequent  intervals.  Those  for  the  years  1917-1921  are 
bound  in  five  volumes,  numbered  and  cross-indexed.  They  are  issued 
exclusively  for  the  instruction  of  employees  in  the  field  service  and  in 
them,  for  the  years  1917  and  1918,  are  found  the  rules  of  procedure 
for  those  employees  relative  to  (1)  cooperation  for  food  conservation 
on  reclamation  projects,  (2)  cooperation  for  increased  food  production 
on  lands  included  in  reclamation  projects,  and  (3)  cooperation  in  war 
emergency  food  surveys. 

The  Miscellaneous  Data  on  Soldiers’  Settlement  Project  Include  (1) 
articles  and  newspaper  stories  general  and  popular  in  character,  drafted 
by  officials  of  the  Reclamation  Service  at  the  request  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Interior  for  release  to  newspapers  and  periodicals  with  a  view  to 
creating  sentiment  in  favor  of  the  Mondell  bill;  (2)  “Soldiers’  Settle- 


126 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


ment”  letter  files,  1918-1922,  containing  approximately  73,000  in¬ 
quiries  from  ex-soldiers  regarding  homesteads,  reclaimed  or  otherwise, 
from  all  classes  and  all  States,  but  chiefly  from  those  States  in  which  the 
unemployment  problem  was  greatest;  (3)  post  card  files,  1919-1922, 
containing  approximately  120,000  replies  to  the  “Soldiers’  Settlement 
Questionnaire”  card,  “Hey,  There !  Do  You  Want  a  Home  on  a  Farm?” 

UNITED  STATES  BUREAU  OF  EDUCATION 
Organization 

The  United  States  Bureau  of  Education  has  six  administrative 
divisions  and  ten  field  divisions.  The  administrative  divisions  are: 
(1)  Executive  Management,  (2)  Mails  and  Files,  (3)  Publica¬ 
tions,  (4)  Statistics,  (5)  Library,  (6)  Administration  of  Schools 
for  Natives  in  Alaska.  The  field  divisions  are:  (1)  Higher  Edu¬ 
cation,  (2)  City  School  Administration,  (3)  Rural  Schools,  (4) 
Civic  Education,  (5)  Home  Education,  (6)  Education  in  Indus¬ 
tries  and  Home  Making,  (7)  Commercial  Education,  (8)  School 
Hygiene  and  Physical  Education,  (9)  Community  Organization, 
(10)  Racial  Groups.  An  Americanization  Division,  established  as  a 
war  measure  in  May,  1918,  a  School  Board  Service  Division,  es¬ 
tablished  in  October,  1918,  to  meet  conditions  arising  from  the 
war,  and  an  Educational  Extension  Division,  established  in  De¬ 
cember,  1918,  were  discontinued  in  1919. 

War  Worh 

During  the  war  the  bureau,  laboring  to  maintain  the  schools  as 
nearly  as  possible  at  their  normal  efficiency,  cooperated  with  the 
Department  of  Labor  in  combating  efforts  to  suspend  child-labor 
and  compulsory  school-attendance  laws.  At  the  same  time  it  co¬ 
operated  with  the  Council  of  National  Defense,  the  War  Depart¬ 
ment,  and  the  American  Council  on  Education  in  mobilizing  the 
intellectual  resources  of  the  nation,  with  the  Committee  on  Public 
Information  and  other  government  organizations  in  disseminating 
war-time  propaganda,  and  with  the  Food  Administration  in  efforts 
to  increase  crop  production  and  the  conservation  of  food.  The  bu¬ 
reau  drafted  and  circulated  a  program  of  education  for  the  war, 
advocated  a  revision  of  courses  of  stpdy  as  a  war  measure,  con- 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


127 


ducted  a  nation-wide  publicity  campaign  to  enable  school  boards 
to  procure  the  requisite  number  of  competent  teachers,  developed  a 
project  for  the  Americanization  of  foreign-born  American  citizens 
through  education,  and  made  studies  relative  to  the  readjustment  of 
education  after  the  war.  The  titles  of  the  bureau’s  publications 
during  the  war  and  the  period  of  readjustment  indicate  the  nature 
of  most  of  its  war-time  activities. 

Publications 

Reports 

Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Education  for  the  year  ended  June  30, 
1917  (Washington,  1917).  Vol.  I  (102  pages)  contains  a  chapter  on 
“Education  and  the  War.” 

Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Education  .  .  .  June  30, 1918  {Wash¬ 
ington,  1918, 155  pages).  Discusses  higher  education  and  the  war.  Fed¬ 
eral  Board  for  Vocational  Education,  vocational  training  in  army  hos¬ 
pitals,  the  Students’  Army  Training  Corps,  medical  education  and  the 
war,  the  public  schools  and  the  war,  Americanization  through  educa¬ 
tion,  and  the  United  States  School  Garden  Army. 

Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Education  .  .  .  June  30, 1919  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  226  pages).  Reviews  the  work  of  the  Americanization, 
School  Board  Service,  and  Educational  Extension  Divisions. 

Periodicals 

Americanization,  a  monthly  magazine  of  16  pages  issued  by  the 
Americanization  Division  from  September  15,  1918,  to  November  1, 
1919.  It  summarized  the  activities  of  the  division  and  of  unofficial 
agencies  working  for  Americanization  and  served  as  a  vehicle  for  propa¬ 
ganda  of  that  kind. 

National  School  Service,  a  monthly  magazine,  16  to  24  pages,  issued 
in  cooperation  with  the  Committee  on  Public  Information  from  Septem¬ 
ber  1,  1918,  to  May  1,  1919.  It  was  a  vehicle  for  all  sorts  of  official 
propaganda  on  such  subjects  as  thrift,  health,  the  Red  Cross,  Liberty 
loans,  and  food  conservation. 

School  Life,  a  paper  of  16  pages  issued  semi-monthly  from  August  1, 
1918,  to  July  1,  1921,  and  monthly  from  September  to  December, 
1921 ;  publication  resumed  in  September,  1922. 

Geographic  News  Bulletin,  a  magazine,  12  to  16  pages,  published  for 
the  Bureau  by  the  National  Geographic  Society  from  October  6,  1919, 


128 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


to  May  9, 1921.  It  conveyed  information  regarding  the  changes  wrought 
by  the  war  in  the  customs  and  political  boundaries  of  various  nation¬ 
alities  and  presented  this  material  in  a  popular  form  adaptable  for 
collateral  reading  assignments  to  classes  in  history,  geography,  and 
current  events. 


Bulletins 

Americanisation  as  a  War  Measure  (Bulletin,  1918,  No.  18;  Washington, 
1918,  62  pages).  A  report  of  a  conference  of  governors  of  States,  members  of 
the  Council  of  National  Defense,  members  of  State  Councils  of  Defense, 
members  of  chambers  of  commerce,  and  representatives  of  industries,  held  in 
Washington  April  3,  1918. 

The  United  States  School  Garden  Army  (Bulletin,  1919,  No.  26;  Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  6  pages). 

The  American  Spirit  in  Education,  by  C.  R.  Mann,  Chairman  Advisory 
Board  of  the  Committee  on  Education  and  Special  Training,  War  Depart¬ 
ment  (Bulletin,  1919,  No.  30;  Washington,  1919,  63  pages).  Development 
of  vocational  education,  industrial  reorganization,  technical  education.  Stu¬ 
dents’  Army  Training  Corps. 

The  Federal  Executive  Departments  as  Sources  of  Information  for  Li¬ 
braries  (Bulletin,  1919,  No.  74;  Washington,  1919,  204  pages).  Deals  with 
the  organization,  functions,  and  publications  of  each  of  the  ten  executive  de¬ 
partments  of  the  federal  government. 

Community  Americanization,  by  F.  C.  Butler,  Director  of  Americanization, 
Bureau  of  Education  (Bulletin,  1919,  No.  76;  Washington,  1920,  82  pages). 
A  handbook  for  workers.  Discusses  general  principles  and  educational  and 
social  phases  of  the  problem  of  Americanization. 

State  Americanization,  the  Part  of  the  State  in  the  Education  and  Assimila¬ 
tion  of  the  Immigrant,  by  F.  C.  Butler,  Director  of  Americanization,  Bureau 
of  Education  (Bulletin,  1919,  No.  77;  Washington,  1920,  26  pages).  Dis¬ 
cusses  state  legislation,  the  State  and  the  community,  and  presents  a  plan 
for  a  state  Americanization  survey. 

Biennial  Survey  of  Education,  1916-1918  (Bulletins,  1919,  Nos.  88,  89, 
90,  91;  Washington,  1921,  4  volumes).  This  publication  is  of  considerable 
value  for  its  statistical  data  for  the  years  covered.  Vol.  I  (766  pages)  is  by 
various  authorities  on  special  fields,  such  as  higher  education,  secondary  edu¬ 
cation,  medical  education,  engineering  education,  commercial  education,  agri¬ 
cultural  education,  vocational  education,  educational  work  of  the  churches, 
rural  education,  home  education,  and  home  economics.  Vol.  II  (558  pages) 
contains  a  survey  of  changes  in  education  in  the  British  Empire,  Europe, 
Latin  America,  and  Japan;  Vol.  Ill  (901  pages)  contains  206  tables  based 
upon  statistical  surveys  of  education  in  the  United  States  classified  as  to 
state  and  city  systems,  universities,  colleges,  and  professional  schools.  Vol. 
IV  (797  pages)  contains  278  tables  based  upon  statistical  surveys  of  nor- 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


129 


mal  schools,  public  and  private  high  schools,  private  commercial  and  business 
schools,  summer  schools,  and  schools  for  nurse-training,  the  blind,  the  deaf, 
the  feeble-minded,  and  the  delinquent.  A  similar  study  for  the  years  1918- 
1920  is  published  as  Bulletin,  1923;  No.  29  (597  pages). 

Training  Teachers  for  Americanization  (Bulletin,  1920,  No.  12;  Washing¬ 
ton,  1920,  62  pages).  Presents  a  course  of  study  for  normal  schools. 

The  National  Crisis  in  Education:  an  Appeal  to  the  People  (Bulletin,  1920, 
No.  29;  Washington,  1920,  191  pages).  The  report  of  the  proceedings  of 
the  National  Citizens  Conference  on  Education,  held  in  Washington  May 
19-21,  1920.  Describes  the  effects  of  the  war  on  the  schools  and  embodies  a 
statement  of  reconstruction  conditions,  as  to  shortage  of  teachers,  adjust¬ 
ment  to  new  conditions,  relation  of  education  to  material  wealth,  the  new  in¬ 
terest  in  education,  and  education  for  citizenship. 

Training  for  Foreign  Service  (Bulletin,  1921,  No.  27;  Washington,  1922, 
154  pages).  A  series  of  articles  by  specialists  on  training  required  for  foreign 
service  in  economics,  in  government,  and  in  foreign  languages. 

Teacher  Placement  by  Public  Agencies  (Bulletin,  1921,  No.  42;  Washing¬ 
ton,  1921,  8  pages).  Tells  of  measures  taken  to  procure  teachers,  the  supply 
of  whom  is  less  than  the  demand. 

Engineering  Education  after  the  War  (Bulletin,  1921,  No.  50;  Washing¬ 
ton,  1922,  27  pages).  Discusses  the  schedule  of  studies  for  courses  in  civil 
engineering,  mechanical  engineering,  electrical  engineering,  and  chemical 
engineering  proposed  by  the  Committee  on  Educational  and  Special  Training 
during  the  war. 


Special  Publications 

Lessons  in  Community  and  National  Life,  edited  by  C.  H.  Judd  and 
L.  C.  Marshall  (Washington,  1918).  These  lessons  were  published  in 
cooperation  with  the  Food  Administration  to  furnish  the  schools  with  a 
course  of  study  on  the  social  organization  of  the  United  States  and  the 
effects  of  the  war.  They  were  circulated  originally  as  small  pamphlets 
during  the  period  from  October,  1917,  to  May,  1918,  and  the  series 
was  adapted  to  various  school  ages  in  the  following  manner; — for  the 
upper  classes  of  the  high  schools.  Series  A,  264  pages,  29  lessons ;  for 
the  first  class  of  the  high  schools  and  the  upper  grades  of  the  elementary 
schools.  Series  B,  264  pages,  31  lessons ;  for  the  intermediate  grades  of 
the  elementary  schools.  Series  C,  264  pages,  32  lessons.  The  subject 
matter  of  these  lessons  varied  with  the  age  to  which  they  were  adapted, 
and  included  such  topics  as  production  and  wise  consumption,  machine 
industry  and  community  life,  national  control  and  food  conservation, 
the  war  labor  administration,  private  control  of  industry,  impersonality 
of  modern  life,  industries  and  institutions,  and  social  control.  Data  on 


130 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


the  methods  by  which  these  lessons  were  circulated  is  on  file  in  the  Mails 
and  Files  Division. 

Proceedings  of  the  Americanization  Conference,  held  in  Washington, 
May  12-15,  1919,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Americanization  Division, 
Bureau  of  Education  (Washington,  1919,  410  pages).  A  discussion  of 
technical  methods  of  teaching  English,  reorganization  of  educational  ad¬ 
ministration  for  the  purposes  of  Americanization,  training  teachers  for 
Americanization  problems,  Americanization  methods  in  industry,  secur¬ 
ing  interest  and  cooperation,  and  the  best  fields  for  the  service  of  vari¬ 
ous  local  agencies  working  for  Americanization. 

Flag  Exercises  for  the  Schools  of  the  Nation  (Washington,  1919,  11 
pages) .  An  appeal  for  the  observance  of  daily  flag  exercises  in  the  public 
schools. 

Home  Gardening  for  City  Children  of  the  Fifth,  Sixth,  and  Seventh 
Grades,  by  Ethel  Gowans  (Washington,  1919,  72  pages).  Contains  di¬ 
rections  for  gardening  and  questions  to  create  interest  in  the  subject. 

Circulars 

A  number  of  circulars  dealing  with  war  problems  were  issued  at  ir¬ 
regular  intervals.  The  following  are  illustrative  and  the  most  important 
within  the  scope  of  this  survey : 

Suggestions  for  the  conduct  of  educational  institutions  during  the  continu¬ 
ance  of  the  roar  (Circular,  May  22,  1917,  8  pages). 

Report  of  a  conference  held  at  Washington,  May  S,  1917,  under  the  auspices 
of  the  Committee  on  Science,  Engineering,  and  Education  of  the  Advisory 
Commission  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense  (Higher  Education  Circular 
No.  1;  May  8,  1917,  10  pages).  A  discussion  of  work  of  American  colleges 
and  universities  during  the  war. 

Report  of  the  rvorlc  of  the  Education  Section  of  the  Committee  on  Engineer¬ 
ing  and  Education  of  the  Advisory  Commission  of  the  Council  of  National  De¬ 
fense  (Higher  Education  Circular  No.  2;  June  8,  1917,  7  pages).  A  discus¬ 
sion  of  the  work  of  American  colleges  and  universities  during  the  war. 

Report  of  a  joint  conference  of  the  Education  Section  of  the  Committee  on 
Engineering  and  Education  of  the  Advisory  Commission  of  the  Council  of 
National  Defense  and  a  commission  representing  the  universities  of  Canada 
(Higher  Education  Circular  No.  3;  July,  1917,  6  pages).  A  discussion  of 
the  work  of  American  colleges  and  universities  during  the  war. 

Contribution  of  higher  institutions  to  the  war  and  to  reconstruction  (Higher 
Education  Circular,  No.  4;  August  30,  1917,  6  pages). 

Report  of  the  work  of  the  University  Section  of  the  Committee  on  Engineer¬ 
ing  and  Education  of  the  Advisory  Commission  of  the  Council  of  National  De¬ 
fense  (Higher  Education  Circular,  No.  5;  December  15,  1917,  13  pages). 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


131 


Report  on  the  contribution  of  higher  institutions  to  the  National  service 
(Higher  Education  Circular,  No.  6;  January,  1918,  21  pages). 

Effect  of  the  rvar  on  student  enrollment  (Higher  Education  Circular,  No. 
9;  April,  1918,  3  pages). 

Effect  of  the  rvar  on  college  budgets  (Higher  Education  Circular,  No.  10; 
April,  1918,  3  pages). 

Opportunities  at  college  for  returning  soldiers  (Higher  Education  Circu¬ 
lar,  No.  12;  29  pages). 

Secondary  schools  and  the  war  (Secondary  School  Circular,  No.  1 ;  Janu¬ 
ary,  1918,  4  pages). 

Organization  of  high  schools  in  war  time  (Secondary  School  Circular,  No. 
2;  April,  1918,  6  pages). 

Science  teaching  in  the  secondary  schools  in  the  war  emergency  (Secondary 
School  Circular,  No.  3;  September,  1918,  19  pages). 

Industrial,  arts  in  secondary  schools  in  the  war  emergency  (Secondary 
School  Circular,  No.  4;  September,  1918,  31  pages). 

Lessons  from  the  war  and  their  application  in  the  training  of  teachers  (In¬ 
dustrial  Education  Circular,  No.  1;  1919,  20  pages). 

The  army  trade  test  (Industrial  Education  Circular,  No.  4;  1919,  28 
pages). 

Home  economics  teaching  under  present  economic  conditions  (Home  Eco¬ 
nomics  Circular,  September  5,  1917). 

Effect  of  war  conditions  on  clothing  and  textile  courses  (Home  Economics 
Circular,  No.  7;  October,  1918,  7  pages). 

Opportunities  for  history  teachers :  the  lessons  of  the  Great  TV ar  in  the  class 
room  (Teachers’  Leaflet,  No.  1 ;  1917,  22  pages). 

Education  in  patriotism,  a  synopsis  of  the  agencies  at  work  (Teachers’ 
Leaflet,  No.  2;  April,  1918,  10  pages). 

Government  policies  involving  the  schools  in  war  time  (Teachers’  Leaflet, 
No.  3;  April,  1918,  6  pages). 

Outline  of  an  emergency  course  of  instruction  on  the  war  (Teachers’  Leaf¬ 
let,  No.  4;  August,  1918,  31  pages). 

Constitution  of  a  community  association  (Community  Center  Circular,  No. 
1 ;  January,  1919,  12  pages). 

Community  buildings  as  soldiers'  memorials  (Community  Center  Circular, 
No.  2;  January,  1919,  12  pages). 

What  libraries  learned  from  the  war  (Library  Leaflet,  No.  14;  January, 
1922,  6  pages). 


Records 

The  records  of  the  Bureau  of  Education  are  chiefly  available  in 
the  Mails  and  Files  Division,  in  which  are  filed  huge  quantities  of 
material  collected  by  the  Educational  Extension  Division,  the  Coun¬ 
cil  of  National  Defense,  and  other  agencies  engaged  in  educational 


132 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


activities  during  the  war.  Because  of  lack  of  storage  facilities  much 
of  this  material  has  been  destroyed ;  that  which  remains  is  classified 
by  subjects  but  has  no  index.  The  records  of  the  School  Board 
Service  Division  show  how  that  division  worked  to  supply  the  de¬ 
mand  for  teachers  of  technical  subjects  in  the  higher  institutions 
by  circularizing  available  candidates  and  informing  school  boards  of 
opportunities  to  fill  vacancies.  Some  engineering  school  material 
includes  mimeographed  questionnaires  calling  for  detailed  informa¬ 
tion  relative  to  facilities  for  technical  instruction,  but  the  greater 
part  of  this  material  has  been  transferred  to  the  War  Plans  Divi¬ 
sion,  War  Department.  A  number  of  other  questionnaires  indicate 
the  nature,  and  extent  of  the  information  which  was  solicited  from 
educational  institutions. 

The  Mails  and  Files  Division  has  kept  separate  file  boxes  con¬ 
taining  material  of  the  following  sorts;  (1)  Circulars  on  the  war 
and  education,  including  mimeographs  and  carbons  of  correspond¬ 
ence  and  press  releases,  and  propaganda  for  the  maintenance  of 
school  attendance  and  for  the  adequate  supply  of  teachers;  (2) 
Educational  Extension  Dmsion  bulletins  and  summaries  bearing 
on  collaboration  with  state  extension  work,  the  distribution  of  war 
films,  and  allied  propaganda;  (3)  School  Garden  Army,  showing 
cooperation  with  the  Hoover  program  for  food  conservation;  (4) 
addresses  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  on  Americanization. 

With  other  mimeographed  material  are  copies  of  reports  of  occa¬ 
sional  conferences,  two  of  which  are:  (1)  “Report  of  a  Conference 
of  Specialists  in  Industrial  Education,  in  Philadelphia,  February 
22,  1918”  (10  pages),  dealing  with  the  examination  and  certifica¬ 
tion  of  industrial  teachers;  (2)  “Corporation  School  Conference,” 
report  of  a  meeting  in  Washington,  June  18,  1918,  aiming  to  co¬ 
ordinate  corporation  schools  Avith  elementary  and  technical  pubhc 
schools,  and  to  work  out  the  relationship  between  the  public  schools 
and  commerce  and  industry.  A  monograph  issued  in  mimeograph 
by  the  Educational  Extension  Division  and  entitled  “Relations  of 
Labor  and  Industry  in  Reconstruction”  (29  pages)  contains  a 
bibliography  of  governmental  publications  relating  to  labor.  The 
library  of  the  Bureau  of  Education  has  mimeographed  bibliogra¬ 
phies  on  publications  relating  to  the  war  and  reconstruction,  do¬ 
mestic  and  foreign  education  as  affected  by  the  war,  teaching  of 


DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR 


133 


German  and  modern  languages,  education  of  illiterates,  Americani¬ 
zation,  education  in  civics  and  patriotism,  military  education, 
thrift,  new  tendencies  in  the  education  of  women,  reeducation  of 
crippled  soldiers,  etc. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Departmental  Functions  and.  Organization 

The  war-time  functions  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  were 
essentially  of  the  same  nature  as  those  which  had  developed  under 
progressive  legislation  since  the  creation  of  the  department,  May 
15,  1862,  namely,  to  acquire  and  to  diffuse  useful  information  on 
subjects  connected  vdth  agriculture,  and  to  procure,  propagate, 
and  distribute  new  and  valuable  seeds  and  plants.  On  the  eve  of  the 
war  the  functions  of  the  department  were:  (1)  scientific  study  of 
the  fundamental  problems  of  agriculture,  (2)  dissemination  of  in¬ 
formation  developed  through  experiments  and  discovery,  and  (3) 
administration  of  acts  of  Congress  relative  to  agriculture.  To  meet 
the  war  emergency,  the  functioning  of  the  system  as  organized  had 
onl}'^  to  be  enlarged  and  stimulated,  and  this  need  was  provided  by 
the  food  production  act  of  August  10,  1917,  entitled,  “An  act  to 
provide  further  for  the  national  security  and  defense  by  stimulating 
agriculture  and  facilitating  the  distribution  of  agricultural  prod¬ 
ucts.”  This  act  made  appropriations  to  be  used  by  the  depart¬ 
ment  for  the  prevention,  control,  and  eradication  of  the  diseases  and 
pests  of  live  stock,  for  the  enlargement  of  live-stock  production,  for 
the  conservation  and  utilization  of  meat,  poultry,  dairy,  and  other 
animal  products,  for  procuring,  storing,  and  furnishing  seeds  for 
cash  at  cost  to  farmers  in  restricted  areas  where  emergency  condi¬ 
tions  prevailed,  for  the  prevention,  control,  and  eradication  of  in¬ 
sects  and  plant  diseases  injurious  to  agriculture,  for  the  conserva¬ 
tion  and  utilization  of  plant  products,  for  the  further  development 
of  the  extension  service  cooperating  with  agricultural  colleges  in 
the  States,  for  making  surveys  of  the  food  supply  of  the  United 
States,  for  gathering  and  disseminating  information  concerning 
farm  products,  for  extending  and  enlarging  the  market  news  serv¬ 
ices,  for  preventing  waste  of  food  in  storage,  in  transit,  or  while 
held  for  sale,  for  the  development  of  the  information  work  of  the 
department,  for  the  enlargement  of  facilities  for  dealing  with  the 
farm  labor  problem,  and  for  the  extension  of  the  work  of  the  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Crop  Estimates  and  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


135 


In  distinction  from  the  United  States  Food  Administration, 
which  controlled  and  regulated  the  commercial  distribution  of  foods 
that  had  reached  the  markets  or  were  in  the  hands  of  consumers,  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  directed  activities  relative  to  produc¬ 
tion,  the  distribution  of  products  to  markets,  and  the  conservation 
of  perishable  products  through  canning,  drying,  preserving,  and 
pickling.  Each,  however,  rendered  assistance  to  the  other. 

The  department  was  organized  during  the  war  in  the  following 
divisions:  Office  of  the  Secretary,  States  Relations  Service,  Forest 
Service,  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry, 
Bureau  of  Markets,  Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates,  Bureau  of  Chemis¬ 
try,  Bureau  of  Farm  Management,  Weather  Bureau,  Bureau  of 
Entomology,  Bureau  of  Biological  Survey,  Bureau  of  Soils,  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Public  Roads,  Library,  Division  of  Publications,  Office  of 
Information,  and  Office  of  Exhibits.  A  National  Agricultural  Ad¬ 
visory  Committee  served  both  the  Department  and  the  United  States 
Food  Administration,  and  an  Agricultural  Commission  to  Europe 
was  appointed  in  August,  1918. 


OFFICE  OF  THE  SECRETARY 
War  Measures 

The  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  who  is  responsible  for  the  pro¬ 
motion  of  agriculture  in  its  broadest  sense  and  for  the  general 
policies  of  the  department,  formulated  a  war  program  in  a  con¬ 
ference  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  April  9  and  10,  1917,  with  the  state 
commissioners  of  agriculture  and  presidents  of  state  agricultural 
colleges,  a  program  in  which  was  the  genesis  of  the  food  production 
and  food  administration  acts  of  August  10,  1917.  In  conformity 
with  his  purposes  to  effect  closer  cooperation  of  the  department  with 
state  departments  of  agriculture,  state  agricultural  colleges, 
farmers’  organizations,  and  representative  farmers,  there  was  or¬ 
ganized  in  connection  with  each  state  council  of  defense  a  divi¬ 
sion  of  food  production  and  conservation  composed  of  representa¬ 
tives  of  state  boards  of  agriculture,  state  agricultural  colleges, 
farmers’  organizations,  and  business  agencies.  Community  organi¬ 
zation  was  also  encouraged.  The  Secretary  was  a  member  of  the 


136 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Council  of  National  Defense  and  of  the  War  Trade  Council.  In 
March,  1918,  he  and  the  United  States  Food  Administrator  cre¬ 
ated  the  National  Agricultural  Advisory  Committee,  and  in  Au¬ 
gust  of  the  same  year,  he  appointed  the  Agricultural  Commission 
to  Europe.  The  Assistant  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  as  well  as  the 
Secretary,  represented  the  department  on  several  occasions  at  hear¬ 
ings  before  committees  of  Congress. 

Publications 

Anniuil  Reports  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  for  the  year  ended 
June  80,  1917  (Washington,  1918,  499  pages).  Report  of  the  Secre¬ 
tary  to  the  President  relative  to  business  and  executive  matters ;  re¬ 
ports  of  bureau  and  division  chiefs  to  the  Secretary  relative  to  opera¬ 
tions.  The  report  of  the  Secretary,  pages  3-44,  is  devoted  wholly  to  the 
war  program  of  the  department. 

Annual  Reports  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  .  .  .  1918  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  520  pages).  In  his  report  for  this  year  (pages  3-54),  the 
Secretary  discusses  such  matters  as  the  agricultural  effort,  plans  for 
1918,  meat  supply,  stockyards  and  packing  houses,  market  news  serv¬ 
ice,  farm  labor  supply,  and  seed-grain  loans  in  drouth  areas. 

Annual  Reports  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  .  .  .  1919  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1920,  560  pages).  The  Secretary  (pages  3-46)  reviews  post-war 
conditions,  yields,  and  exports,  and  discusses  farm  land  problems,  crop 
and  live-stock  reporting  service,  cooperative  associations,  roads,  and 
need  for  broad  survey  of  rural  conditions. 

Yearbook  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  1917 
(Washington,  1917,  583  pages).  Report  of  the  Secretary;  brief  re¬ 
view  of  the  work  of  the  bureaus  and  offices  of  the  department;  agri¬ 
cultural  statistics;  papers  on  such  subjects  as  status  of  the  peanut 
industry,  federal  aid  to  highways,  sources  of  nitrogenous  fertilizers, 
phosphate  rock  as  a  fertilizer  asset,  fertilizers  from  public  wastes, 
world’s  supply  of  wheat,  and  pig  clubs  as  a  means  of  stimulating  the 
swine  industry.  See  also  the  Yearbooks  for  1918  and  1919.  Lists  of  perti¬ 
nent  articles  in  the  successive  Yearbooks  are  given  below  under  the  vari¬ 
ous  bureaus. 

Program  of  Work  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  for 
the  fiscal  year,  1919  (Washington,  1919,  617  pages).  Pages  1-548 
cover  regular  activities ;  pages  549-617  cover  emergency  activities  for 
the  year  beginning  July  1,  1918,  and  are  of  prime  importance  for  the 
study  of  the  entire  war  program  of  the  department. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


137 


CiRCUI-ARS 

A  number  of  important  department  circulars,  printed  at  the  Govern¬ 
ment  Printing  Office,  were  issued  by  the  Office  of  the  Secretary  during 
the  war.  Those  contributed  by  bureau  chiefs  are  listed  among  the  pub¬ 
lications  of  the  bureaus  in  which  they  were  prepared.  Others  are  as 
follows : 

75.  Food  Needs  for  1918:  Agricultural  program  for  the  period  beginning 
with  the  autumn  of  1917  (1917,  14  pages). 

78.  Method  of  Sale  of  Nitrate  of  Soda  to  Farmers  by  the  United  States 
Government  (January,  1918,  11  pages). 

82.  Rules  and  Regulations  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  under  the  Food 
Products  Inspection  Law  of  August  10,  1917  (October  31,  1917,  8  pages). 

84-93.  The  Agricultural  Situation  for  1918.  A  series  of  statements  pre¬ 
pared  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  Parts  I  to  XI. 

84.  Part  I.  Hogs:  Hog  production  should  be  increased  (January,  1918, 
24  pages). 

85.  Part  II.  Dairying:  Dairy  products  should  be  maintained  (January 
31,  1918,  24  pages). 

86.  Part  III.  Sugar:  More  beet  and  cane  sugar  should  be  produced  (Feb¬ 
ruary  28,  1918,  34  pages). 

87.  Part  IV.  Honey :  More  honey  needed  (January  31,  1918,  8  pages). 

88.  Part  V.  Cotton:  Maintaining  the  supply  of  cotton  (February  18, 
1918,  34  pages). 

89.  Part  VI.  Rice:  Produce  more  rice  for  consumption  and  export 
(March  1,  1918,  24  pages). 

90.  Part  VII.  Wheat:  More  wheat  is  needed  for  home  use  and  for  the 
allies  (March  6,  1918,  32  pages). 

91.  Part  VIII.  Corn:  A  large  acreage  of  corn  needed  (March  4,  1918, 
17  pages). 

92.  Part  IX.  Potatoes:  An  ample  supply  of  potatoes  needed  (March  15, 
1918,  39  pages). 

93.  Part  X.  Wool:  War  makes  more  sheep  and  wool  necessary  (March 
15,  1918,  14  pages). 

107.  Part  XI.  Poultry:  One  hundred  hens  on  every  farm;  one  hundred  eggs 
from  every  hen  (March  25,  1918,  24  pages). 

103.  Agricultural  Production  for  1918  with  Special  Reference  to  Spring 
Planting  and  Live  Stock  (February  19,  1918,  22  pages). 

105.  Method  of  Sale  of  War  Emergency  Seed  Corn  to  Farmers  in  certain 
States  by  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  (February  27,  1918, 
8  pages). 

108.  Food  Needs  for  1919 :  Part  of  agricultural  program  for  the  period  be¬ 
ginning  with  the  autumn  of  1918;  Fall-sown  wheat  and  rye  (June  23,  1918,  13 
pages). 


138 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


112.  The  Farm  Labor  Problem:  Man-poruer  sufficient  if  properly  mobilized 
by  cooperation  and  community  action  (April  18,  1918,  10  pages), 

116.  Finding  Labor  to  Harvest  the  Food  Crops  (August  2,  1918,  8  pages). 

116.  General  Regulations  governing  Licenses  operating  Stock  Yards,  or 
handling  or  dealing  in  Live  Stock  in  or  in  connection  with  Stock  Yards  (July 
26,  1918,  with  amendment  September  24,  1918,  16  pages). 

120.  Rules  and  Regulations  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  under  the  Food 
Products  Inspection  Law  of  October  1,  1918  (October  4,  1918,  8  pages). 

123.  Food  Needs  for  1919 :  Part  of  agricultural  program  for  the  period  be¬ 
ginning  with  the  autumn  of  1918:  Live-stock  production  for  1919  (October, 
1918,  14  pages). 

125.  Agricultural  Production  for  1919  with  special  reference  to  Crops  and 
Live  Stock  (January  23,  1919,  27  pages). 

130.  Address  of  D.  F,  Houston,  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  before  the  Trans- 
Mississippi  Readjustment  Congress,  Omaha,  Neb.,  February  20,  1919  (19 
pages). 

133.  Address  of  D.  F.  Houston,  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  before  the  Gov¬ 
ernors’  Conference,  Annapolis,  Md.,  December  16,  1918  (15  pages). 

Records 

The  department  library  has  some  mimeographed  records  which  origi¬ 
nated  in  the  Secretary’s  office ;  among  them  are  the  following  papers : 

A  statement  by  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  designed  to  stimulate  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  food  products  (February  16,  1918,  8  pages). 

The  war  program  suggested  by  the  United  States  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  for  the  increase  of  pork  production  in  1918  (7  pages). 

Suggestions  to  Southern  farmers  in  view  of  the  cotton  crisis  (n.d.,  9  pages). 

Memorandum  of  information  explaining  some  of  the  provisions  of  the 
President’s  proclamation  of  May  14,  1918,  licensing  the  farm  equipment  in¬ 
dustry  (n.d.,  2  pages). 

Plan  for  extending  the  system  of  employment  exchanges  in  cooperation  with 
the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  the  Council  of  National  Defense  (De¬ 
partment  of  Labor,  revision  of  July  7,  1918,  8  pages). 

Report  by  a  committee  of  a  conference  of  representatives  of  the  Food  Ad¬ 
ministration,  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  state  food  administrators,  and 
state  and  municipal  food  and  drug  control  officials  to  project  a  plan  for  the 
conservation  of  eggs  (May,  1918,  6  pages). 

An  important  war  duty  of  the  South  for  1918,  a  statement  by  Clarence 
Ousley,  Assistant  Secretary  of  Agriculture  (n.d.,  1  page). 

A  letter  by  Clarence  Ousley,  Assistant  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  to  agri¬ 
cultural  advisers  of  district  draft  boards  (September  11,  1918,  3  pages). 

Plans  and  activities  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture, 
1913-1919  (July  1,  1919,  67  pages). 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


139 


Summary  of  activities  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  affected  by  re¬ 
duced  appropriations,  by  E.  T.  Meredith,  Secretary  of  Agriculture  (June  6, 
1920,  25  pages). 


STATES  RELATIONS  SERVICE 
Functions  mid  Organization 

An  agricultural  college  is  maintained  in  each  State  out  of  the 
proceeds  of  an  endowment  provided  by  acts  of  Congress  of  1862, 
1890,  and  1907 ;  an  agricultural  experiment  station  at  each  of  the 
colleges  was  provided  for  by  acts  of  1887  and  1906,  and  extension 
work  by  the  colleges  in  cooperation  with  the  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture  was  provided  for  by  act  of  May  8,  1914!,  such  work  to  con¬ 
sist  of  instruction  and  practical  demonstrations  in  agriculture  and 
home  economics  to  persons  in  the  rural  communities.  To  administer 
the  cooperation  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  Avith  these  insti¬ 
tutions  and  farmer  organizations  the  States  Relations  Service  was 
organized  July  1,  1915,  with  a  director.  Office  of  Experiment  Sta¬ 
tions,  Office  of  Extension  Work  in  the  South  (15  States),  Office  of 
Extension  Work  in  the  North  and  West  (33  States),  and  Office  of 
Home  Economics,  to  conduct  investigations  relative  to  foods,  cloth¬ 
ing,  household  equipment,  and  management.  The  local  operators 
of  the  system  were  the  county  agricultural  agent,  acting  as  adviser 
and  demonstrator  to  the  farmers,  and  the  county  home  demonstra¬ 
tion  agent,  a  woman,  acting  as  expert  adviser  to  the  housewives  in 
matters  of  domestic  science  and  household  economy.  Besides  the 
rural  workers,  home  demonstration  agents  were  employed  in  about 
200  cities.  These  were  supervised  and  aided  in  each  State  by  an 
extension  director,  state  leaders,  and  extension  specialists  in  the 
various  branches  of  agriculture  and  home  economics.  Similar  offi¬ 
cers  in  the  States  Relations  Service  and  in  the  several  department 
bureaus  also  joined  in  the  work  of  the  state  and  county  forces. 

War  Activities 

During  the  war  there  was  a  large  increase  in  the  number  of 
counties  in  which  the  extension  S3’^stem  was  organized,  and  the  num¬ 
ber  of  extension  workers  cooperatively  employed  by  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture,  the  state  colleges  of  agriculture,  and  local  and 
count}'  authorities  increased  from  2500  to  6200.  These  workers 


140 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


organized  the  farmers,  they  organized  thousands  of  community 
clubs  of  farmers,  of  women,  and  of  boys,  and  they  organized  as 
many  people  as  possible  to  undertake  some  type  of  work  which 
would  enable  them  to  increase  food  production  or  conserve  the  sup¬ 
ply  of  grain,  fruits,  vegetables,  and  meats.  They  assisted  in  over¬ 
coming  the  shortage  of  seed  corn  in  1918,  and  in  increasing  the 
acreage  of  wheat,  of  other  cereals,  and  of  potatoes;  were  active  in 
the  campaign  to  increase  the  number  of  live  stock ;  reduced  the  acre¬ 
age  of  cotton  in  the  face  of  high  prices  for  that  commodity;  pro¬ 
moted  the  conservation  of  fruits,  vegetables,  and  fish  by  canning, 
drying,  and  pickling ;  and  carried  the  lessons  of  wheat,  meat,  sugar, 
and  fat  conservation  to  every  family  within  reach. 

Publications 

Reports 

Report  of  the  Director  of  the  States  Relations  Service  for  the  fiscal 
year  ended  June  30,  1917  (Washington,  1917,  35  pages).  Work  of  the 
county  agricultural  agents,  home  economics,  work  of  specialists  from 
state  agricultural  colleges  and  department  bureaus,  boys’  agricultural 
clubs. 

Report  of  the  Director  of  the  States  Relations  Service,  1918  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1918,  37  pages).  Expansion  of  the  extension  system,  work  of 
the  county  agricultural  agents,  assistance  rendered  by  specialists,  home 
demonstrations,  girls’  clubs,  boys’  clubs,  home  economics,  and  dietary 
survey. 

Report  of  the  Director  of  the  States  Relations  Service,  1919  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  37  pages).  War-time  cooking  experiments,  effects  on  agri¬ 
culture  of  war-time  activities,  efforts  to  maintain  the  war-time  service. 

Cooperative  Extension  Worh  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics, 

1917  (Washington,  1919,  416  pages).  Extension  work  in  the  South,  ex¬ 
tension  work  in  the  North  and  West,  farm  management  demonstration, 
work  of  extension  specialists,  extension  schools,  farmers’  institutes  and 
meetings,  state  reports,  statistics. 

Cooperative  Extension  Work  in  Agriculture  and  Home  Economics, 

1918  (Washington,  1919,  158  pages).  War  work  in  the  South,  expan¬ 
sion  for  war  service  in  the  North  and  West. 

Work  and  Expenditures  of  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Stations, 
1917  (Washington,  1918,  335  pages).  The  experiment  stations  and  the 


war. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


141 


Worh  and  Expenditures  of  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Stations, 

1918  (Washington,  1920,  80  pages).  The  experiment  stations  in  war 
time,  modification  of  the  working  program  as  a  result  of  war  conditions, 
special  war  services  of  station  workers. 

Work  and  Expenditures  of  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Stations, 

1919  (Washington,  1921,  94  pages).  Effects  of  the  war  on  agricultural 
research. 

Statistics  of  Cooperative  Extension  Work,  1919-1920  (Washington, 
1920, 16  pages).  Table  III  exhibits  the  sources  of  funds  for  cooperative 
agricultural  extension  work,  1918-1919  and  1919-1920;  table  IV,  the 
total  of  funds  from  all  sources  for  the  same  work,  by  projects,  for  the 
two  years  ending  June  30, 1920. 

Farmers’  Bulletins 

The  following  Farmers'  Bulletins,  relating  to  foods,  issued  by  the  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  were  contributions  from  the  States  Relations 
Service  during  the  period  of  the  war. 

839.  Home  Canning  by  the  One-Period  Cold  Pack  Method,  by  O.  H.  Ben¬ 
son.  Issued  in  Jime,  1917,  and  reprinted  in  May,  1918  (39  pages). 

863.  Home  Canning  of  Fruits  and  Vegetables  as  Taught  to  Canning  Club 
Members  in  the  Southern  States,  by  Mary  E.  Creswell  and  Ola  Powell  (July, 
1917,  41  pages). 

871.  Fresh  Fruits  and  Vegetables  as  Conservers  of  other  Staple  Foods,  by 
Caroline  L.  Hunt  (July,  1917,  11  pages). 

881.  Preservation  of  Vegetables  by  Fermentation  and  Salting,  by  L.  A. 
Round  and  H.  L.  Lang  (August,  1917,  15  pages). 

956.  Use  of  Wheat  Flour  Substitutes  in  Baking,  by  Hannah  L.  Wessling 
(March,  1918,  22  pages). 

Department  of  Agriculture  Circulars 

66.  Organization  and  Results  of  Boys’  and  Girls’  Club  Work  (Northern 
and  Western  States),  1918,  by  O.  H.  Benson  and  Gertrude  Warren  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1920,  38  pages). 

Experiment  Station  Record 

In  Experiment  Station  Record,  a  monthly  publication  consisting 
largely  of  abstracts  of  station  and  department  publications,  are  edi¬ 
torials  on  the  following  subjects : 

Agriculture  and  the  war  in  Europe.  November,  1916  (Vol.  35,  pp.  601- 
605). 


142 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Effect  of  the  war  on  agricultural  conditions  (^ibid.,  pp.  605-610). 

The  experiment  stations  and  the  war.  May,  1917  (Vol.  36,  pp.  601-604). 
The  response  of  the  experiment  stations  to  the  present  emergency.  July, 
1917  (Vol.  37,  pp.  1-4). 

The  adjustment  of  theory  and  practice  to  war  conditions  {ibid.,  pp.  4-7). 
The  Federal  Food  Production  act.  September,  1917  {ibid.,  pp.  301-307). 
Attendance  at  the  agricultural  colleges  as  affected  by  the  war.  December, 
1917  {ibid.,  pp.  701-708). 

The  opportunity  for  individual  service.  January,  1918  (Vol.  38,  pp.  1-4). 
Helping  to  win  the  war  {ibid.,  pp.  4-6). 

Closer  relation  of  station  and  extension  forces  {ibid.,  pp.  6-7). 

An  agricultural  program.  February,  1918  {ibid.,  pp.  101-102). 
Agriculture  under  reconstruction.  April,  1918  {ibid.,  pp.  401-405). 

The  place  of  experiment  stations  in  a  reconstruction  program  {ibid.,  pp. 
405-408). 

The  return  of  station  workers  from  war  service.  April,  1919  (Vol.  40,  pp. 
401-403). 

The  influence  of  the  war  on  station  work  in  the  future  {ibid.,  pp.  403- 
407). 


Yearbook 

In  the  YearhooTc  for  1920  is  an  article  entitled,  “Food  for  Farm 
Families”  (pp.  471-484),  which  is  based  on  data  assembled  by  a  dietary 
survey  made  by  the  Office  of  Home  Economics  in  cooperation  with  the 
Bureau  of  Markets. 


Circulars  and  Leaflets 

To  promote  thrift  and  conservation  a  number  of  circulars  and  leaflets 
were  issued  and  widely  distributed  either  by  the  States  Relations  Service 
alone  or  by  it  in  cooperation  with  the  United  States  Food  Administra¬ 
tion  or  Treasury  Department.  Among  them  are  the  following  circulars 
contributed  by  the  service  in  1918. 

106.  Use  Potatoes  to  Save  Wheat.  March  12,  1918  (6  pages). 

110.  Use  Peanut  Flour  to  Save  Wheat.  A.Tpri\  15,  1918  (4  pages). 

111.  Use  Barley — Save  Wheat.  April  18,  1918  (4  pages). 

113.  Use  Soy-Bean  Flour  to  Save  Wheat,  Meat,  and  Fat.  May  2,  1918  (4 
pages). 

117.  Use  Corn  Meal  and  Corn  Flour  to  Save  Wheat.  August  14,  1918  (4 
pages). 

118.  Use  Oats  to  Save  Wheat.  August  14,  1918  (4  pages). 

119.  Use  Rice  Flour  to  Save  Wheat.  August  14,  1918  (4  pages). 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


143 


Of  twenty  United  States  Food  Leaflets,  4  pages  each,  prepared  and 
distributed  in  cooperation  with  the  United  States  Food  Administration 
in  1917  and  1918,  ten  are  as  follows : 

Do  you  know  corn  meal? 

Do  you  know  oat  meal? 

Make  a  little  meat  go  a  long  way. 

Plenty  of  potatoes. 

Milk,  best  food  we  have. 

Save  fuel  when  you  cook. 

Let  fireless  cooker  help  you  cook. 

Save  sugar,  use  other  sweets. 

Use  more  fish. 

Wheatless  breads  and  cakes. 

Of  twenty  Thrift  Leaflets,  4  pages  each,  prepared  in  cooperation  with 
the  Treasury  Department  in  1919,  thirteen  are  as  follows : 

Is  thrift  worth  while,  Mr.  American? 

Seven  steps  toward  saving. 

Wise  spending  saves  clothing  for  family. 

Saving  time  and  money  by  simple  housecleaning. 

Saving  labor  and  materials  by  easier  laundry  methods. 

Saving  materials  and  money  by  special  cleaning. 

Thrift  in  lighting. 

Thrift  in  choice,  use,  and  care  of  kitchen  utensils. 

Thrift  in  use  of  fuel  for  cooking. 

Saving  fuel  in  heating. 

Saving  food  by  proper  care. 

Thrift  on  farm. 

Business  methods  for  the  home. 

A  Food  Thrift  Series,  issued  in  1917,  comprises  five  numbers  as  fol¬ 
lows  : 

1.  Help  feed  yourself,  make  home  gardens  and  back  yards  productive  (4 
pages). 

2.  Watch  your  kitchen  waste  (8  pages). 

3.  Let  nothing  spoil  (8  pages). 

4.  Appeal  to  women  (8  pages). 

6.  Wheatless  meals  (8  pages). 


Mimeographed  Material 

A  number  of  mimeographed  papers  that  were  issued  by  the 
States  Relations  Service  as  instructions  or  suggestions  to  home 


144 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


demonstration  agents  and  other  extension  workers  have  been  eis- 
sembled  in  the  department  library.  Among  them  are  the  following: 

Household  waste  and  ways  to  avoid  it.  May  9,  1917  (13  pages). 

Extension  work  with  women.  Women  as  farm  laborers.  1917  (5  pages). 

Suggested  program  for  rural  home  demonstration  work  with  special  refer¬ 
ence  to  conservation,  by  Florence  E.  Ward.  February  1,  1918  (Part  I,  25 
pages;  part  II,  17  pages). 

Suggested  program  for  urban  home  demonstration  work  with  special  refer¬ 
ence  to  conservation,  by  Florence  E.  Ward.  n.d.  (23  pages). 

To  home  demonstration  agents  in  the  North  and  West,  by  Florence  E. 
Ward.  August  1,  1918  (6  pages). 

Suggestions  for  clothing,  fuel,  money,  and  strength  conservation  cam¬ 
paigns  under  the  leadership  of  a  home  demonstration  agent.  1918  (7  pages). 

Suggestions  for  home  demonstration  agents  regarding  fuel  conservation  in 
house  lighting.  1918  (5  pages). 

Suggestions  for  organization  of  food  emergency  work  with  women  in  ac¬ 
cordance  with  project  on  home  economics  extension  work  by  means  of  home 
demonstration  agents  and  emergency  home  demonstration  agents.  1918  (14 
pages). 

Suggestions  for  organization  of  war  emergency  work  with  women  in  ac¬ 
cordance  with  project  on  home  economics  extension  work  by  means  of  home 
demonstration  agents  and  emergency  home  demonstration  agents,  by  Florence 
E.  Ward  and  Emma  A.  Winslow  (14  pages). 

Some  of  the  more  important  results  of  boys’  and  girls’  club  work,  northern 
and  western  States,  for  1917  (regular  and  emergency)  (11  pages). 

Boys’  agricultural  clubs;  some  1917  results.  July  1,  1918  (5  pages). 

To  state  and  county  home  demonstration  agents  regarding  shortage  of 
wheat,  by  H.  L.  Wessling.  May  14,  1918  (5  pages). 

Memorandum  for  home  demonstration  agents.  August  6,  1918  (11  pages). 

Rural  women’s  clubs,  by  Emma  Reed  Davisson.  September  1,  1918  (11 
pages). 

What  the  South  must  do.  1918  (1  page). 

The  South  must  produce  its  own  food  and  feed.  1918  (1  page). 

Retail  equivalent  values  of  a  bale  of  cotton.  1918  (1  page). 

Suggestions  for  home  demonstration  agents  regarding  methods  of  teaching 
thrift,  by  Winifred  S.  Gibbs.  December  27,  1918  (3  pages). 

^Memorandum  for  home  demonstration  agents  regarding  the  textile  and  fuel 
situations.  December  12,  1918  (1  page). 

Suggestions  for  the  formulation  of  a  practical  thrift  program  by  home 
demonstration  leaders.  December  15,  1918. 

Suggestions  for  demonstration  and  community  activities  to  reduce  the  con¬ 
sumption  of  coal,  by  Edith  Charlton  Salisbury  (9  pages). 

Suggestions  for  committee  work,  demonstration  and  volunteer  classes  con- 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


145 


ducted  by  rural  and  urban  home  demonstration  agents,  by  Edith  Charlton 
Salisbury  (9  pages). 

Suggestions  on  farm  bureau  office  administration  for  home  demonstration 
agents  (9  pages). 

Steps  preparatory  to  cottage  cheese  campaign  in  cities  (4  pages). 

The  war  emergency  community  kitchen,  by  Margaret  Huntington  Hooker 
(23  pages). 

Sugar  saving  campaign,  by  Edith  Charlton  Salisbury  (6  pages). 

Standardization  of  recipes:  adaptation;  substitution  variation,  by  Anna 
Barrows  (12  pages). 

Suggestions  for  training  volunteer  leaders  for  a  country  wide  preservation 
campaign  (6  pages). 

Helps  for  home  demonstration  agents  in  teaching  home  drying,  by  Grace  E. 
Frysinger  (12  pages). 

Helps  for  home  demonstration  agents  in  teaching  home  salting,  brining,  and 
fermentation,  by  Grace  E.  Frysinger  (12  pages). 

Helps  for  home  demonstration  agents  in  teaching  home  eanning,  by  Grace 
E.  Frysinger  (14  pages). 

Memorandum  to  state  leaders  of  home  demonstration  agents.  October  1, 
1919  (4  pages). 

Organization  list  of  county  agent  work.  Deeember  1,  1919  (35  pages). 

Records 

The  important  war  records  of  the  States  Relations  Service  are 
the  reports  of  county  agents,  home  demonstration  agents,  and  other 
field  workers,  and  the  data  assembled  in  three  surveys:  (1)  War 
emergency  food  survey;  (2)  National  dietary  survey;  and  (3) 
War  emergency  fertilizer  survey.  Filed  with  the  data  are  samples 
of  the  printed  questionnaires  asking  information  as  to  stocks  on 
hand  and  in  transit,  production,  producing  capacity,  and  importa¬ 
tion  of  the  various  classified  articles.  The  most  extensive  survey  was 
that  of  the  food  supplies  of  retail  concerns,  as  of  August  31,  1917, 
covering  the  entire  United  States.  The  dietary  survey  was  limited 
to  1000  American  homes  and  500  boarding  houses,  college  clubs, 
and  other  institutions. 


FOREST  SERVICE^ 

An  investigation  of  forestry  subjects  was  begun  by  the  Depart- 

^  The  material  for  this  report  on  the  Forest  Service  was  compiled  by  Mr. 
Herbert  A.  Smith,  assistant  forester  in  charge  of  the  Branch  of  Public  Rela¬ 
tions. 


146 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


ment  of  Agriculture  in  1876.  A  Division  of  Forestry  was  estab¬ 
lished  in  1881.  The  name  was  changed  to  Bureau  of  Forestry  in 
1902.  The  administration  of  the  national  forests  was  transferred 
from  the  Department  of  the  Interior  to  the  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  in  1905,  and  in  the  same  year  the  Bureau  of  Forestry  was  suc¬ 
ceeded  by  the  Forest  Service. 

Functions  and  Organization 

The  primary  functions  of  the  service  are:  (1)  to  administer, 
protect,  develop,  improve,  and  maintain  the  national  forests;  (2) 
to  promote  the  full  use  of  their  resources,  prevent  waste,  and  espe¬ 
cially  to  preserve  the  forest  cover  on  the  watersheds.  A  secondary 
function  is  the  promotion  of  the  application  of  forestry  to  private 
timberlands.  The  administrative  work  is  directed  by  seven  branches 
in  Washington:  Operation,  Forest  Management,  Grazing,  Lands, 
Engineering,  Research,  and  Public  Relations.  Each  of  the  eight 
field  districts  into  which  the  country  is  divided  has  a  headquarters 
ofiSce  similarly  organized.  Each  of  the  146  national  forests  is  ad¬ 
ministered  by  a  supervisor  with  a  corps  of  forest  rangers  and 
guards. 

The  Branch  of  Forest  Management  is  charged  with  the  admin¬ 
istration  of  national  forest  timber  sales,  timber  surveys,  timber  and 
fire  trespass,  reforestation,  administrative  use,  free  use,  and  insect 
control. 

The  Branch  of  Grazing  is  charged  with  the  supervision  of  the 
grazing  business  so  as  to  utilize  the  range  to  its  full  capacity,  to 
secure  its  use  to  settlers  and  others  most  entitled  to  use  it,  and  to 
improve  the  range  and  the  quality  of  the  stock  produced. 

The  Engineering  Section  is  charged  with  the  administration  of 
water-power  uses,  with  road  and  trail  work,  and  with  the  execution 
of  surveys. 

The  Branch  of  Research  embraces  the  Office  of  Forest  Experi¬ 
ment  Stations,  the  Office  of  Forest  Products  and  the  Office  of  For¬ 
est  Economics  in  Washington,  the  Forest  Products  Laboratory  at 
Madison,  Wis.,  and  the  forest  experiment  stations  in  the  chief  tim¬ 
ber  regions.  It  conducts  investigations  on  timber  growing,  on  forest- 
grown  products,  and  in  woodworking  industries,  collects  statistics. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


147 


and  makes  economic  studies  bearing  on  forestry,  forest  products, 
and  national-forest  management. 

War  Activities 

The  ordinary  resources  of  the  Forest  Service  were  completely 
mobilized  for  the  purposes  of  the  war,  and  a  greatly  expanded  re¬ 
search  organization  worked  on  problems  connected  with  the  best  use 
of  the  country’s  wood  supplies.  Cooperating  with  the  War  Depart¬ 
ment,  Navy  Department,  War  Industries  Board,  Shipping  Board, 
Emergency  Fleet  Corporation,  Railroad  Administration,  War 
Trade  Board,  and  other  war  agencies,  its  activities  covered  nearly 
every  use  of  wood  for  war  purposes:  aircraft,  wooden  ships,  mili¬ 
tary  vehicles,  boxes,  crates,  and  other  containers,  lumber,  structural 
timber,  wood  for  offensive  and  defensive  gas  warfare,  pulp  and  pulp 
products,  fiber  boards,  wooden  pipe,  implement  handles,  wooden 
limbs,  rosin  for  shrapnel,  naval  stores,  tannin,  and  noseplugs  for 
shells.  It  made  a  survey  of  the  timber  resources  of  the  United 
States,  and  furnished  information  regarding  foreign  and  domestic 
timber  resources,  their  location,  quality,  production,  means  of  in¬ 
creasing  production,  manufacturing  processes,  strength  properties 
of  woods,  best  substitutes,  and  various  economic  questions.  Where 
time  was  an  important  factor  it  effected  the  substitution  of  kiln- 
dried  woods  for  woods  dried  in  the  air.  With  the  aid  of  cooperating 
States,  other  forestry  agencies,  and  the  Boy  Scouts,  the  necessary 
supply  of  black  walnut  for  gunstocks  and  airplane  propellers  was 
located.  The  service  assisted  in  increasing  the  production  of  meats, 
hides,  and  wool  by  opening  new  ranges  for  grazing.  It  cooperated 
with  the  Fuel  Administration  in  a  campaign  to  conserve  coal  by 
stimulating  the  use  of  wood  as  a  substitute. 

Publications 

Brief  statements  covering  the  transformation  of  the  Forest  Serv¬ 
ice  from  peace-time  to  war-time  operations  and  the  results  are  con¬ 
tained  in  the  following  reports  and  articles. 

Report  of  the  Forester,  1917  (Washington,  1917,  36  pages).  Changes 
to  meet  war  conditions,  increase  of  stock  on  forest  ranges,  increased  cost 
of  road  construction. 


148 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Report  of  the  Forester,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  36  pages).  The 
Forest  Service  in  war  time,  timber  resources  and  the  war,  increase  of 
stock  on  forest  ranges,  war  research  work. 

Report  of  the  Forester,  1919  (Washington,  1919,  34  pages).  Effect 
of  the  war  on  the  Forest  Service,  the  war  and  water  power,  investiga¬ 
tions  in  forest  products,  forest  investigations. 

The  following  publications  deal  with  specific  investigations. 

The  Kiln  Drying  of  Woods  for  Airplanes,  by  Harry  D.  Tiemann.  Re¬ 
port  No.  65,  U.S.  National  Advisory  Committee  for  Aeronautics  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  31  pages). 

Glues  Used  in  Airplane  Parts,  by  S.  W.  Allen  and  T.  R.  Truax.  Re¬ 
port  No.  66,  U.S.  National  Advisory  Committee  for  Aeronautics  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1920,  28  pages). 

Supplies  and  Production  of  Aircraft  Woods,  by  W.  N.  Sparhawk. 
Report  No.  67,  U.S.  National  Advisory  Committee  for  Aeronautics 
(Washington,  1919,  62  pages). 

The  Effect  of  Kiln  Drying  on  the  Strength  of  Airplane  Woods,  by 

T.  R.  C.  Wilson.  Report  No.  68,  U.S.  National  Advisory  Committee  for 
Aeronautics  (Washington,  1920,  69  pages). 

Data  on  the  Design  of  Plywood  for  Aircraft,  by  Armin  Elmendorf. 
Report  No.  84,  U.S.  National  Advisory  Committee  for  Aeronautics 
(Washington,  1920,  15  pages). 

Moisture  Resistant  Finishes  for  Airplane  Woods,  by  M.  E.  Dunlap. 
Report  No.  85,  U.S.  National  Advisory  Committee  for  Aeronautics 
(Washington,  1920,  8  pages). 

The  Strength  of  One-Piece,  Solid,  Built-Up,  and  Laminated  Wood 
Airplane  Wing  Beams,  by  John  H.  Nelson.  Report  No.  35,  U.S.  National 
Advisory  Committee  for  Aeronautics  (Washington,  1919,  12  pages). 

Wood  in  Aircraft  Construction.  Aircraft  Design  Data,  Note  No.  12, 

U. S.  Navy  Department,  Bureau  of  Construction  and  Repair  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1919,  149  pages). 

Information  for  Inspectors  of  Airplane  Woods.  U.S.  War  Depart¬ 
ment,  Signal  Office  (Washington,  1918,  72  pages). 

Summary  Report  on  Driving  Tests  on  Treenails,  at  the  Yard  of  the 
American  Shipbuilding  Company,  Brunswick,  Ga.  U.S.  Department  of 
Agriculture,  Forest  Service  (Washington,  1918,  31  pages). 

Emergency  Fuel  from  the  Farm  Woodlot,  by  A.  F.  Hawes.  Circular 
No.  79,  U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  Office  of  the  Secretary  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1917,  8  pages). 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


149 


Farm  W oodlands  and  the  War,  by  Henry  S.  Graves.  U.S.  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  Yearbook  for  1918  (Washington,  1919,  pp.  317- 
326). 

The  Seasoning  of  Wood,  by  Harold  S.  Betts.  U.S.  Department  of 
Agriculture  Bulletin  No.  552  (Washington,  1917,  28  pages). 

Mechanical  Properties  of  Woods  Grown  in  the  United  States,  by  J.  A. 
Newlin  and  T.  R.  C.  Wilson.  U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletin 
No.  556  (Washington,  1917,  47  pages). 

Increased  Yield  of  Turpentine  and  Rosin  from  Double  Chipping,  by 
A.  W.  Schorger  and  R.  L.  Pettigrew.  U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture 
Bulletin  No.  567  (Washington,  1917,  9  pages). 

Increased  Cattle  Production  on  Southwestern  Ranges,  by  James  T. 
Jardine  and  L.  C.  Hurtt.  U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletin  No. 
588  (Washington,  1917,  32  pages). 

Lumber  Used  in  the  Manufacture  of  Wooden  Products,  by  J.  C.  NeUis. 
U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletin  No.  605  (Washington,  1918, 
18  pages). 

The  Use  of  Wood  for  Fuel.  U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletin 
No.  753  (Washington,  1919,  40  pages). 

Pulpwood  Consumption  and  Wood-Pulp  Production  in  1917,  by 
Franklin  H.  Smith.  U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletin  No.  758 
(Washington,  1919,  19  pages). 

Production  of  Lumber,  Lath,  and  Shingles  in  1917,  by  Franklin  H. 
Smith  and  Albert  H.  Pierson.  U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture  Bulle¬ 
tin  No.  768  (Washington,  1919,  44  pages). 

Utilization  of  Black  Walnut,  by  Warren  D.  Brush,  U.S.  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  Bulletin  No.  909  (Washington,  1921,  89  pages). 

Prices  of  Lumber,  by  R.  C.  Bryant,  No.  43  of  bulletins  issued  by  the 
War  Industries  Board  under  the  general  title:  History  of  Prices  during 
the  War  (Washington,  1919,  112  pages). 

Records 

A  general  survey  of  the  investigative  program  of  the  Forest 
Service  during  the  war  is  contained  in  a  mimeographed  circular 
entitled  “Activities  of  the  Branch  of  Research  on  War  Problems.” 
June  5,  1918  (17  pages).  The  lines  of  activities  dealt  with  com¬ 
prise:  (1)  raw  materials;  (2)  tests  and  investigations  of  material, 
processes,  and  products;  (3)  education,  i.e.,  assistance  in  training 
men  for  specialized  tasks  in  the  service  of  the  government  and  of  the 
forest  and  wood-using  industries;  (4)  cooperation.  These  actirities 


150 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


are  taken  up  successively  under  the  following  headings:  aircraft, 
wooden  ships,  vehicles,  pulp  and  paper,  miscellaneous  derived  prod¬ 
ucts,  boxes  and  containers,  liunber,  and  miscellaneous  activities. 

The  progress  of  investigative  work  at  the  Forest  Products  Labo¬ 
ratory  is  set  forth  in  the  successive  “Monthly  Reports  of  the  Labo¬ 
ratory”  (manuscript).  Of  these,  the  reports  covering  the  months 
from  June,  1918,  to  January,  1919,  inclusive,  were  mimeographed 
for  general  distribution. 

The  Forest  Products  Laboratory  issued,  February  1,  1919,  a 
mimeographed  list  of  “Reports  Prepared  for  General  Distribution, 
January,  1917-February,  1919.”  These  reports  are  classified  under 
the  headings :  airplane  woods,  glues,  veneers,  coatings,  wooden 
ships,  pulp  and  paper  products,  and  miscellaneous  investigations. 

The  Forest  Products  Laboratory  mimeographed,  April,  1919,  a 
list  of  all  reports  issued  by  it  from  April  1,  1917,  to  April  1,  1919. 
The  list  comprises  approximately  2600  titles,  on  112  pages,  ar¬ 
ranged  alphabetically  by  names  of  authors. 

Under  dates  of  July  15,  1918,  and  September  16,  1918,  the 
Forest  Service  issued  mimeographed  lists  entitled  “Reports  on  Na¬ 
tional  Defense  Studies,”  in  which  are  entered  all  available  manu¬ 
script  reports  covering  war  investigations  other  than  those  of  the 
Forest  Products  Laboratory.  The  list  of  July  15  contains  thirty- 
five  entries  classified  under  “Specifications,  Uses  of  Wood,  Timber 
Tests,  Supply  and  Production  of  Timber,  Supply  and  Production 
of  Tannin,  Grading  of  Lumber,  and  Wood  Fuel  Production.”  The 
list  of  September  16  contains  nineteen  entries,  all  relating  to  “Sup¬ 
plies  and  Production  of  Timber.” 

In  connection  with  the  work  of  the  Commission  for  Negotiating 
Peace,  the  Forest  Service  prepared  an  extensive  report,  with  maps, 
on  the  forest  resources  of  the  world  and  a  report  on  the  water¬ 
power  resources  of  the  world.  Copies  of  these  reports  are  in  the 
State  Department,  the  American  Geographical  Society  of  New 
York,  and  the  Forest  Service.  The  forest  material  has  been  revised 
and  published  as  Forest  Resources  of  the  World,  by  Raphael  Zon 
and  William  N.  Sparhawk  (New  York,  1923,  2  vols.,  997  pages). 
The  report  on  water-power  resources  of  the  world  has  been  pub¬ 
lished  by  the  U.S.  Geological  Survey  in  World  Atlas  of  Commercial 
Geology,  as  Part  II,  “Water  Power  of  the  World,”  by  Herman 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


151 


Stabler,  E.  B.  Jones,  0.  C.  Merrill,  and  N.  C.  Grover  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1921,  39  pages,  8  maps). 

Among  some  mimeographed  papers  in  the  department  library 
the  following  were  issued  by  the  Forest  Service. 

Forest  regiment  to  be  organized  [for  service  in  France]  (2  pages). 

National  forests  to  supply  wood  for  fuel  next  winter.  1917  (2  pages). 

National  forests  receipts  increase.  1917  (2  pages). 

Lumberjack  regiment  recruited  to  full  strength:  additional  men 
wanted  for  possible  second  regiment.  1917  (1  page). 

National  forests  helping  increase  of  meat  supply.  1917  (2  pages). 

More  men  needed  for  lumbermen’s  regiment.  1918  (2  pages). 

National  forests  to  carry  more  live  stock.  1918  (2  pages). 

Boy  Scouts  to  help  government  find  black  walnut.  1918  (2  pages). 

Need  for  black  walnut  service  urgent.  1918  (2  pages). 

Maple  furniture  waste  used  for  scrubbing-brush  blocks  (1  page). 

List  of  largest  users  of  black  walnut  logs  (1  page). 

To  members  of  the  Forest  Service  regarding  national  defense,  by 
Henry  S.  Graves.  March  19, 1917  (3  pages). 

“Wood  Fuel  Items.”  These  items  were  issued  at  intervals  during  the 
emergency  fuel  situation:  December  15,  1917  (6  pages)  ;  December  22 
(4  pages)  ;  December  27  (4  pages)  ;  January  4,  1918  (3  pages).  Four¬ 
teen  numbers  were  issued,  the  last  on  October  25,  1918. 

“Weekly  Bulletin,”  November  15,  1918,  to  December  1,  1919.  The 
first  number  announced  the  purpose  of  the  bulletin  as  follows,  “It  is 
planned  to  get  out,  for  the  benefit  of  all  members  of  the  Forest  Service 
and  for  the  information  of  those  now  engaged  in  war  duties,  a  brief 
weekly  summary  of  the  more  important  matters  which  come  up  in  the 
Washington  office.”  There  are  from  seven  to  eleven  pages  in  each  num¬ 
ber  and  among  the  topics  discussed  are:  the  Forest  Service  and  the 
Draft;  the  shipbuilding  problem;  the  Forest  Regiments  make  good; 
timber  supplies  for  war  needs ;  a  way  to  help ;  forest  research  and  the 
war ;  employment  under  war-time  conditions. 

BUREAU  OF  PLANT  INDUSTRY 

Functions 

The  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  dates  from  the  agricultural  ap¬ 
propriations  act  of  March  2,  1901,  under  which  it  was  organized. 
The  bureau  is  charged  with  the  study  and  economic  solution  of 
plant  problems,  especially  in  relation  to  crop  production  and  utili- 


152 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


zation.  These  activities  include  the  improvement  of  useful  plants 
by  breeding  and  cultural  methods,  the  investigation  of  destructive 
plant  diseases  and  the  development  of  methods  for  their  control, 
the  introduction  and  acclimatization  of  new  plants  from  other  parts 
of  the  world,  the  extension  of  the  use  of  valuable  crops,  the  develop¬ 
ment  of  improved  methods  for  crop  utilization,  and  the  meeting  of 
emergencies  incident  to  crop  production. 

War  Activities 

War  conditions  stimulated  the  bureau’s  activities  for  increas¬ 
ing  crop  production.  A  survey  was  made  of  the  losses  by  disease 
of  wheat,  barley,  rye,  oats,  corn,  potatoes,  beans,  cotton,  sugar 
beets,  and  peaches,  a  campaign  was  conducted  to  reduce  these  losses, 
and  special  efforts  were  made  to  increase  the  production  of  wheat, 
rye,  sugar,  long  staple  cotton,  and  castor  beans.  The  development 
of  home  vegetable  gardening  was  promoted ;  instructions  were  given 
in  the  salvaging  of  fruit  and  vegetable  crops ;  the  pathological  de¬ 
fects  of  airplane  timber  were  investigated.  In  certain  activities  the 
bureau  cooperated  with  the  extension  division  of  the  States  Rela¬ 
tions  Service,  in  others,  with  the  Bureau  of  Markets.  Much  per¬ 
sonal  service  was  performed  by  members  of  the  staff  in  connection 
with  the  crop-production  activities  at  some  of  the  training  camps. 

Publications 

Reports 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  for  the  fiscal  year 
ended  Jwne  SO,  1917  (Washington,  1917,  32  pages).  Wilt-resistant  va¬ 
riety  of  cotton,  potato  crop  affected  by  shortage  of  potash,  a  new  bac¬ 
terial  disease  of  wheat,  rusts  of  cereals  from  barberry  infection,  hemp 
crop  increasing,  Egyptian  cotton  in  Arizona,  seed  corn. 

Report  of  the  Acting  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  1918 
(n.p.,  n.d.,  30  pages).  American  Egyptian  cotton,  community  cotton 
production,  investigation  of  the  quality  of  seeds,  work  of  the  Committee 
on  Seed  Stocks,  flax  straw  for  paper  making,  progress  in  eradicating  the 
common  barberry,  fiber  for  binder  twine. 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry,  1919  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1919,  40  pages).  Cotton,  utilization  of  excess  war  materials  for 
fertilizer,  control  of  cereal  smuts,  other  diseases  of  wheat. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


153 


Farmers’  Bulletins 

The  following  Farmers'  Bulletins,  prepared  wholly  or  in  part  by  sci¬ 
entists  of  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  and  issued  by  the  Government 
Printing  Office,  are  within  the  scope  of  this  survey. 

616.  Winter-Wheat  Varieties  for  the  Eastern  United  States,  by  Clyde  E. 
Leighty  (December  12,  1914,  14  pages). 

647.  The  Home  Garden  in  the  South,  by  H.  C.  Thompson  (March  20, 
1916,  28  pages). 

663.  Drug  Plants  under  Cultivation,  by  W.  W.  Stockberger  (June  5,  1915, 
39  pages). 

669.  Fiber  Flax,  by  Frank  C.  Miles  (May  25,  1915,  19  pages). 

677.  Grorving  Hay  in  the  South  for  Market,  by  C.  V.  Piper,  H.  B.  Mc¬ 
Clure,  and  Lyman  Carrier  (June  16,  1915,  22  pages). 

678.  Growing  Hard  Spring  Wheat,  by  Carleton  R.  Ball  and  J.  Allen  Clark 
(June  10,  1916,  16  pages). 

680.  V arieties  of  Hard  Spring  Wheat,  by  Carleton  R.  Ball  and  J.  Allen 
Clark  (October  7,  1915,  20  pages). 

686.  Uses  of  Sorghum  Grain,  by  Carleton  R.  Ball  and  Benton  E.  Rothgeb 
(September  22,  1915,  15  pages). 

688.  The  Culture  of  Rice  in  California,  by  Charles  E.  Chambliss  and 
E.  L.  Adams  (September  18,  1915,  20  pages). 

726.  Natal  Grass:  a  Southern  Perennial  Hay  Crop,  by  S.  M.  Tracy 
(June  8,  1916,  16  pages). 

729.  Corn  Culture  in  the  Southeastern  States,  by  C.  H.  Kyle  (July  19, 
1916,  20  pages). 

732.  Marquis  Wheat,  by  Carleton  R.  Ball  and  J.  Allen  Clark  (May  29, 
1916,  7  pages). 

749.  Grains  for  the  Montana  Dry  Lands,  by  N.  C.  Donaldson  (August  12, 
1916,  22  pages). 

751.  Peanut  Oil,  by  H.  C.  Thompson  and  H.  S.  Bailey  (August  4,  1916, 
16  pages). 

756.  Culture  of  Rye  in  the  Eastern  Half  of  the  United  States,  by  Clyde  E. 
Leighty  (October  11,  1916,  16  pages). 

758.  Muscadine  Grape  Syrup,  by  Charles  Dearing  (September  6,  1916, 
11  pages). 

768.  Dwarf  Broom  Corns,  by  Benton  E.  Rothgeb  (November  18,  1916,  16 
pages). 

769.  Growing  Grain  on  Southern  Idaho  Dry  Farms,  by  L.  C.  Aicher  (Oc¬ 
tober,  1916,  23  pages). 

773.  Corn  Growing  under  Droughty  Conditions,  by  C.  P.  Hartley  and 
L.  L.  Zook  (December,  1916,  24  pages). 

785.  Seed-Flax  Production,  by  Charles  H.  Clark  (February,  1917,  19 
pages). 


154 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


786.  Fall-Sown  Grains  in  Maryland  and  Virginia,  by  T.  R.  Stanton  (Feb¬ 
ruary,  1917,  23  pages). 

787.  Sea  Island  Cotton,  by  W.  A.  Orton  (December  30,  1916,  40  pages). 

800.  Grains  for  the  Dry  Lands  of  Central  Oregon,  by  L.  R.  Breithaupt 

(April,  1917,  22  pages). 

818.  The  Small  Vegetable  Garden:  Suggestions  for  Utilizing  Limited 
Areas  (April,  1917,  44  pages). 

823.  Sugar-Beet  Sirup,  by  C.  O.  Townsend  and  H.  C.  Gore  (May,  1917, 
13  pages). 

827.  Shallu,  or  “Egyptian  Wheat”:  Variety  of  Sorghum,  by  Benton  E. 
Rothgeb  (June,  1917,  8  pages). 

833.  Methods  of  Controlling  or  Eradicating  the  Wild  Oat  in  the  Hard 
Spring-Wheat  Area,  by  H.  R.  Cates  (July,  1917,  16  pages). 

841.  Drying  Fruits  and  Vegetables  in  the  Home,  with  Recipes  for  Coohing 
(June,  1917,  29  pages). 

847.  Potato  Storage  and  Storage  Houses,  by  William  Stuart  (July,  1917, 
27  pages). 

856.  Control  of  Diseases  and  Insect  Enemies  of  the  Home  Vegetable  Gar¬ 
den,  by  W.  A.  Orton  and  F.  H.  Chittenden  (November,  1917,  70  pages). 

868.  How  to  Increase  the  Potato  Crop  by  Spraying,  by  F.  H.  Chittenden 
and  W.  A.  Orton  (September,  1917,  22  pages). 

878.  Grains  for  Western  North  and  South  Dakota,  by  F.  Ray  Babcock, 
John  H.  Martin,  and  Ralph  W.  Smith  (October,  1917,  21  pages). 

879.  Home  Storage  of  Vegetables,  by  James  H.  Beattie  (August,  1917,  22 
pages). 

883.  Grains  for  the  Utah  Dry  Lands,  by  Jenkin  W.  Jones  and  Aaron  F. 
Bracken  (October,  1917,  21  pages). 

884.  Saving  Vegetable  Seeds  for  the  Home  and  Market  Gardens,  by  W.  W. 
Tracy,  Sr.  (September,  1917,  16  pages). 

886.  Wheat  Growing  in  the  Southeastern  States,  by  Clyde  E.  Leighty  (Au¬ 
gust,  1917,  14  pages). 

892.  Spring  Oat  Production,  by  C.  W.  Warburton  (November,  1917,  22 
pages). 

894.  Rye  Growing  in  the  Southeastern  States,  by  Clyde  E.  Leighty  (Octo¬ 
ber,  1917,  16  pages). 

895.  Growing  Winter  Wheat  on  the  Great  Plains,  by  E.  C.  Chilcott  and 
John  S.  Cole  (September,  1917,  12  pages). 

900.  Homemade  Fruit  Butters,  by  C.  P.  Close  (September,  1917,  7 
pages). 

903.  Commercial  Evaporation  and  Drying  of  Fruits,  by  James  H.  Beattie 
and  H.  P.  Gould  (September,  1917,  60  pages). 

916.  How  to  Reduce  Weevil  Waste  in  Southern  Com,  by  C.  H.  Kyle  (Feb¬ 
ruary,  1918,  7  pages). 

934.  Home  Gardening  in  the  South,  by  H.  C.  Thompson  (February,  1918, 
44  pages). 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


155 


936.  The  City  and  Suburban  Vegetable  Garden,  by  H.  M.  Conolly  (Febru¬ 
ary,  1918,  62  pages). 

937.  The  Farm  Garden  in  the  North,  by  James  H.  Beattie  (February, 
1918,  63  pages). 

939.  Cereal  Smuts  and  the  Disinfection  of  Seed  Grains,  by  Harry  B. 
Humphrey  and  Alden  A.  Potter  (April,  1918,  28  pages). 

948.  The  Rag-Doll  Seed  Tester:  Its  Use  in  Determining  What  Ears  of 
Corn  are  Fit  for  Seed,  by  George  J.  Burt,  H.  Howard  Biggar,  and  Clement 
E.  Trout  (February,  1918,  7  pages). 

961.  Hog  Pastures  for  the  Southern  States,  by  Lyman  Carrier  and  F.  G. 
Ashbrook  (May,  1918,  20  pages). 

963.  Potato  Culture  under  Irrigation,  by  William  Stuart,  C.  F.  Clark,  and 
George  W.  Dewey  (June,  1918,  23  pages). 

968.  Standard  Broom  Corn,  by  Benton  E.  Rothgeb  (May,  1918,  20 
pages). 

966.  Growing  Grain  Sorghums  in  the  San  Antonio  District  of  Texas,  by 
C.  R.  Letteer  (June,  1918,  12  pages). 

968.  Cultivation  and  Utilization  of  Barley,  by  Harry  V.  Harlan  (June, 
1918,  39  pages). 

970.  Sweet-Potato  Storage,  by  H.  C.  Thompson  (May,  1918,  27  pages). 

972.  How  to  Use  Sorghum  Grain,  by  Carleton  R.  Ball  and  Benton  E. 
Rothgeb  (June,  1918,  18  pages). 

973.  The  Soy  Bean:  Its  Culture  and  Uses,  by  W.  J.  Morse  (July,  1918, 
32  pages). 

984.  Farm  and  Home  Drying  of  Fruits  and  Vegetables,  by  Joseph  S. 
Caldwell  (June,  1918,  61  pages). 

999.  Sweet-Potato  Growing,  by  Fred  E.  Miller  (February,  1919,  30 
pages). 

1033.  Muscadine  Grape  Paste,  by  Charles  Bearing  (March,  1919,  16 
pages). 

1034.  Growing  Sugar  Cane  for  Sirup,  by  P.  A.  Yoder  (March,  1919,  35 
pages). 

1041.  The  Eelworm  Disease  of  Wheat  and  Its  Control,  by  Luther  P. 
Byars  (March,  1919,  10  pages). 

1068.  Destroy  the  Common  Barberry,  by  E.  C.  Stakman  (May,  1919,  12 
pages). 

1062.  Buckwheat,  by  Clyde  E.  Leighty  (October,  1919,  24  pages). 

1063.  Take-All  and  Flag  Smut,  Two  Wheat  Diseases  New  to  the  United 
States,  by  Harry  B.  Humphrey  and  Aaron  G.  Johnson  (August,  1919,  8 
pages). 

Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletins 

Four  bulletins  written  to  meet  war-time  conditions  and  published  by 
the  Government  Printing  Office  in  the  series  entitled  United  States  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  Bulletins  are  as  follows: 


156 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


486.  Sugar-Cane  Culture  for  Sirup  Production  in  the  United  States,  by 
P.  A.  Yoder  (March  19,  1917,  45  pages). 

633.  Extension  of  Cotton  Production  in  California,  by  O.  F.  Cook  (March 
3,  1917,  16  pages). 

721.  The  Beet-Sugar  Industry  in  the  United  States,  by  C.  O.  Townsend 
(November  22,  1918,  56  pages). 

734.  Nematode  Galls  as  a  Factor  in  the  Marketing  and  Milling  of  Wheat 
(November  13,  1918,  16  pages). 


Yearbook 

In  the  Yearbook  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  for 
1917  and  1918  (Washington,  1918  and  1919)  are  eight  articles  con¬ 
tributed  by  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  that  were  particularly  ap¬ 
propriate  because  of  the  war.  They  are : 

“The  soy-bean  industry  in  the  United  States,”  by  W.  J.  Morse  (1917,  pp. 
101-111). 

“Present  status  of  the  peanut  industry,”  by  H.  C.  Thompson  (1917,  pp. 
113-126). 

“Production  of  drug-plant  crops  in  the  United  States,”  by  W.  W.  Stock- 
berger  (1917,  pp.  169-176). 

“Cereal  diseases  and  the  national  food  supply,”  by  Harry  B.  Humphrey 
(1917,  pp.  481-495). 

“The  seed  supply  of  the  nation,”  by  R.  A.  Oakley  (1917,  pp.  497-536). 
“The  black  stem  rust  and  the  barberry,”  by  E.  C.  Stakman  (1918,  pp.  75- 
100). 

“The  place  of  rye  in  American  agriculture,”  by  Clyde  E.  Leighty  (1918, 
pp.  169-184.) 

“Sisal  and  henequen  binder-twine  fibers,”  by  H.  T.  Edwards  (1918,  pp. 
367-366). 


Records 

The  manuscript,  mimeographed,  and  multigraphed  records  of 
the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry  consist  of  correspondence,  reports, 
circulars,  memorandums,  and  miscellaneous  data.  The  main  office 
has  a  typewritten  report  entitled  “Participation  in  the  Work  of 
the  World  War  by  the  Bureau  of  Plant  Industry”  (123  pages), 
describing  the  work  in  connection  with  military  operations  and  in 
connection  with  increasing  the  food  and  fiber  supply  of  the  M^orld 
as  well  as  of  the  United  States.  Other  papers  in  tliis  office  are: 
“Call  of  the  Great  War,”  by  David  Fairchild,  a  mimeographed 
circular  of  5  pages  of  propaganda  for  new  food  facilities ;  a  memo- 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


157 


randum  concerning  the  appointment  of  a  Committee  on  Seed  Stocks, 
with  an  inventory  taken  by  it,  64  pages;  and  a  circular  entitled 
“Special  Instructions  for  Achievement  Clubs,”  2  pages. 

The  Office  of  Soil  Fertility  has  a  report  which  it  prepared  rela¬ 
tive  to  the  production  of  metol  for  photographic  purposes,  a  report 
to  the  Medical  Supply  Board  on  the  production  of  mannite,  and  a 
report  (4  pages),  to  the  United  States  Food  Administration  on  the 
partial  substitution  of  nitrate  of  soda  for  sulphate  of  ammonia  in 
sugar  crop  production. 

The  Office  of  Drug,  Poisonous,  and  Oil  Plant  Investigations 
has  several  multigraphed  circulars  which  were  prepared  primarily 
for  use  in  efforts  to  meet  the  increased  demand  for  information  con¬ 
cerning  certain  products.  Among  them  are: 

Castor  beans  (March  25, 1918,  3  pages). 

Camphor  (November  23,  1917,  3  pages). 

Notes  on  coconut  oil  pressing  (March  19,  1918,  2  pages). 

Liquidambar  (May  18, 1917,  1  page). 

Insect  powder  plants  (July  28,  1919,  1  page). 

The  same  office  sent  out  questionnaires  relating  to  the  production 
of  crude  drugs  in  the  United  States,  and  the  data  thus  assembled 
was  tabulated  and  placed  on  file. 

The  Office  of  Sugar  Plant  Investigations  issued  three  circulars 
in  mimeograph  for  public  information  in  its  field.  They  are:  “Sor¬ 
ghum  Sirup”  (September,  1918,  4  pages) ;  “Sirup-Sorghum  Seed” 
(September,  1918,  1  page)  ;  “Improved  Process  for  Use  in  the 
Preparation  of  Sugar  Beet  Sirup”  (November,  1918,  1  page). 

The  Office  of  Plant  Diseases  Survey  conducted  several  special 
surveys  during  the  war  and  compiled  special  files  of  data  on  the 
diseases  of  cereals,  especially  wheat.  The  data  are  recorded  on  cards 
and  arranged  by  crops,  by  States,  and  by  counties.  Summaries  of 
the  data  were  issued  in  mimeograph  form  in  the  “Plant  Disease 
Bulletin.”  Estimates  of  annual  losses  from  plant  diseases,  based  on 
those  made  by  pathologists  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  were  also 
issued. 

A  Committee  on  Seed  Stocks  was  appointed  which  collected  and 
disseminated  information  regarding  stocks  of  seed  available.  Sur- 


158 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


veys  were  made  of  the  seed  stocks  of  important  crops  and  from 
time  to  time,  as  the  planting  seasons  approached,  information  was 
sent  to  dealers  and  farmers’  organizations  which  enabled  them  to 
secure  the  seeds  required  with  the  least  delay  of  time  and  effort. 
Emergency  appropriations  by  Congress  of  $6,500,000  provided  for 
the  purchase  and  sale  at  cost  of  seed  of  feed  and  food  crops.  To  meet 
the  seed  corn  emergency  which  was  very  acute  in  the  spring  of  1918 
as  the  result  of  unusually  severe  weather  conditions  during  the  pre¬ 
ceding  autumn  and  vdnter,  the  committee  located  and  purchased 
large  quantities  of  viable  seed  corn  adapted  to  the  regions  in  which 
the  shortage  existed,  which  were  sold  to  farmers  at  cost.  This  was 
an  important  factor  in  the  production  of  corn  in  1918  in  the  States 
of  Michigan,  Ohio,  and  Illinois,  and  to  a  less  extent  in  Wisconsin, 
North  Dakota,  and  Iowa.  Comparable  activities  related  to  the  pur¬ 
chase  and  sale  of  stocks  of  seed  of  fodder  and  food  crops.  In  the 
Southwest  seed  corn,  cotton  seed,  and  seed  of  sorghums  and  peanuts 
were  purchased  and  sold ;  in  the  Northwest  seed  of  oats,  barley,  and 
flax.  The  Committee  on  Seed  Stocks  cooperated  actively  with  the 
Food  Administration,  the  War  Emergency  Organization,  the  Grain 
Corporation,  War  Trade  Board,  Shipping  Board,  and  the  Seeds¬ 
men’s  War  Service  Committee,  appointed  by  the  seed  trade.  The 
Office  of  Seed  Distribution  distributed  the  following  mimeographed 
papers  for  the  committee : 

Bean  stocks  reported  by  various  dealers  in  Michigan  (May  1,  1917,  2 
pages). 

Lists  of  firms  or  individuals  known  to  have  had  seed  stocks  on  hand  during 
the  last  week  in  April;  grain  sorghums  (May  10,  1917,  3  pages);  sweet 
sorghums  (May  10,  1917,  3  pages);  pinto  beans  (May  10,  1917,  1  page); 
beans  (May  10,  1917,  3  pages)  ;  buckwheat  (May  31,  1917,  3  pages). 

Circular  letter  to  dealers  relative  to  stock  on  hand  of  seeds  of  forage  crops 
(June  8,  1917,  1  page). 

List  of  firms  or  individuals  known  to  handle  seeds  of  the  specific  varieties ; 
soy  beans  (June  10,  1917,  5  pages)  ;  beans  (June  10,  1917,  4  pages). 

List  of  county  agents  in  the  South  in  whose  counties  there  is  a  surplus  of 
winter  oats  (July  6,  1917,  3  pages). 

Circular  letter  to  dealers  enclosing  questionnaire  as  to  varieties,  quantities, 
and  prices  of  seed  grain  “for  sale  this  fall”  (August  17,  1917,  2  pages). 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


159 


Circular  letter  to  dealers  regarding  details  of  drawing  for  samples  of  seed 
wheat  (September  26,  1917,  4  pages). 

Circular  letter  to  all  Seed  Stocks  Committees  re  report  on  location  of  do¬ 
mestic  stocks  of  seed  wheat,  locates  wheat  stored  and  distributed  by  the  Food 
Administration  Grain  Corporation  (February  27,  1918,  1  page). 

Circular  letter  to  county  agents  re  seed  corn  purchased  and  stored  by  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  (April  22,  1918,  4  pages). 

Supplemental  information  for  county  agents,  referring  to  circular  of 
April  22,  1918  (April  25,  1918,  3  pages). 

Circular  on  war  emergency  seed  corn  reserve  for  late  planting  and  replant¬ 
ing  demands  (April  26,  1918,  1  page). 

Tw'o  special  (unnumbered)  circulars,  issued  by  the  Office  of  the 
Secretary  before  the  declaration  of  w^ar,  wdth  a  view  to  increasing 
the  world’s  food  supply  produced  in  the  Southern  States,  were  as 
follows : 

Winter  Wheat  in  the  Cotton  Belt,  by  Clyde  E.  Leighty  (November  21, 
1914,  6  pages). 

Rye  in  the  Cotton  Belt,  by  Clyde  E.  Leighty  (December  2,  1914,  4  pages). 

To  acquaint  the  agricultural  leaders  of  the  several  States  with 
the  details  of  the  program  developed  in  1917  five  conferences  were 
held  in  different  sections  of  the  country  in  which  several  bureau  offi¬ 
cials  participated.  Details  of  these  conferences  are  contained  in  a 
typewritten  report  filed  in  the  bureau  entitled  “Report  on  the  Five 
Regional  Conferences  to  Stimulate  Wheat  and  Rye  Sowing  in  the 
fall  of  1917”  (75  pages). 

BUREAU  OF  ANIMAL  INDUSTRY 
Functions 

The  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  established  by  act  of  Congress 
in  May,  1884,  is  primarily  concerned  with  the  promotion  of  the 
live  stock  and  meat  industries.  It  investigates  the  causes,  preven¬ 
tion,  and  treatment  of  diseases  of  domestic  animals ;  carries  on  work 
for  the  prevention  and  eradication  of  such  diseases;  conducts  in¬ 
vestigations  and  experiments  in  the  dairy  industry,  animal  hus¬ 
bandry,  and  the  feeding  and  breeding  of  animals;  and  is  charged 
with  the  administration  of  the  federal  meat  inspection  act. 


160 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


War  Activities 

In  connection  with  its  inspection  service,  which  was  enlarged  for 
the  better  protection  of  military  meat  from  contamination,  the  bu¬ 
reau  inaugurated  a  food-conservation  movement  in  meat-packing 
establishments  to  eliminate  waste,  avoid  the  use  of  edible  products 
for  purposes  other  than  food,  and  prevent  the  spoiling  of  meat  from 
avoidable  causes.  Efforts  to  reduce  losses  of  animal  products  from 
diseases  and  parasites  were  stimulated  by  war  conditions.  The  Ani¬ 
mal  Husbandry  Division  cooperated  with  the  States  Relations 
Service  and  agricultural  colleges  in  a  campaign  to  increase  the 
production  of  pork,  poultry,  beef,  mutton,  and  wool.  The  Dairy 
Division  stimulated  the  production  of  dairy  products;  conducted 
campaigns  to  reduce  the  loss  of  milk  from  spoiling;  increased  the 
utilization  of  skim  milk  and  buttermilk  in  the  form  of  cottage  cheese 
and  condensed  skim  milk;  aided  in  the  conservation  of  sugar  by 
finding  substitutes  for  a  large  portion  of  the  cane  sugar  used  in 
making  ice  cream;  urged  the  construction  of  silos  and  the  grow¬ 
ing  of  legumes  as  means  of  conserving  concentrated  dairy  feeds; 
effected  a  partial  redistribution  of  dairy  cattle  to  prevent  a  diminu¬ 
tion  in  number  from  high  prices  of  feed ;  and  supervised  the  manu¬ 
facture  of  waterproof  glue  from  milk  casein,  an  imported  com¬ 
modity  prior  to  the  war. 

Publications 

Repoets 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  1917  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1917,  63  pages).  Meeting  the  food  and  war  emergency,  pig 
clubs,  poultry  clubs,  utilization  of  dairy  by-products. 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  1918  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1918,  63  pages).  Increase  in  animal  products,  combating  animal 
diseases,  the  cottage-cheese  campaign. 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  1919  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919).  Progress  in  disease  control,  saving  drouth-stricken 
cattle,  stimulating  production  and  utilization  of  dairy  products,  a 
substitute  for  a  portion  of  the  cane  sugar  in  ice  cream,  casein  for  the 
manufacture  of  waterproof  glue. 

Faemers’  Bueeetins 

798.  The  Sheep  Tick  and  its  Eradication  by  Dipping,  by  Marion  Imes 
(May,  1917,  31  pages). 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE  161 

825.  Pit  Silos,  by  T.  Pryse  Metcalf  and  George  A.  Scott  (June,  1917,  14< 
pages). 

834.  Hog  Cholera:  Prevention  and  Treatment,  by  M.  Dorset  and  O.  B. 
Hess  (August,  1917,  32  pages). 

850.  How  to  Make  Cottage  Cheese  on  the  Farm,  by  K.  J.  Matheson  and 
F.  R.  Cammack  (August,  1917,  15  pages). 

855.  Homemade  Silos  by  Helmer  Rabild  and  K.  E.  Parks  (issued  July 
21,  1914;  revised  September,  1917,  55  pages). 

873.  Utilization  of  Farm  Wastes  in  Feeding  Live  Stock,  by  S.  H.  Ray 
(August,  1917,  12  pages). 

874.  Swine  Management,  by  George  M.  Rommel  and  F.  G.  Asbbrook 
(issued  August  17,  1904;  revised  September,  1917,  38  pages). 

876.  Making  Butter  on  the  Farm,  by  William  White  (September,  1917,  23 
pages). 

889.  Back-Yard  Poultry  Keeping,  by  Rob  R.  Slocum  (November,  1917, 
23  pages). 

909.  Cattle  Lice  and  How  to  Eradicate  Them,  by  Marion  Imes  (Febru¬ 
ary,  1918,  27  pages). 

913.  Killing  Hogs  and  Curing  Pork,  by  F.  G.  Ashbrook  and  G.  A.  An¬ 
thony  (December,  1917,  40  pages). 

920.  Milk  Goats,  by  Edward  L.  Shaw  (February,  1918,  36  pages). 

935.  The  Sheep-Killing  Dog,  by  J.  F.  Wilson  (February,  1918,  32  pages). 

957.  Important  Poultry  Diseases,  by  D.  E.  Salmon  (March,  1918,  48 
pages). 

976.  Cooling  Milk  and  Cream  on  the  Farm,  by  J.  A.  Gamble  (May,  1918, 
16  pages). 


Department  of  Ageictjltuee  Btjeletins 

576.  The  Manufacture  of  Cottage  Cheese  in  Creameries  and  Milk  Plants, 
by  Arnold  O.  Dahlberg  (September  27,  1917,  16  pages). 

584.  The  Control  of  Hog  Cholera,  with  a  Discussion  of  the  Results  of 
Field  Experiments,  by  A.  D.  Melvin  and  M.  Dorset  (October  13,  1917,  18 
pages). 

585.  A  Guide  for  Formulating  a  Milk  Ordinance  (October  18,  1917,  4 
pages). 

610.  Fish  Meal  as  a  Feed  for  Swine,  by  Frank  G.  Ashbrook  (December  7, 
1917,  10  pages). 

661.  The  Manufacture  of  Casein  from  Buttermilk  or  Skim  Milk,  by  Arnold 
0.  Dahlberg  (April  9,  1918,  32  pages). 

744.  Cooling  Milk  and  Storing  and  Shipping  It  at  Low  Temperatures,  by 
James  A.  Gamble  and  John  T.  Bowen  (January  17,  1919,  28  pages). 

747.  The  Economical  Use  of  Fuel  in  Milk  Plants  and  Creameries,  by  John 
T.  Bowen  (January  9,  1919,  47  pages). 


162 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Office  of  Seceetaky  Cieculaes 

80.  Disposal  of  City  Garbage  by  Feeding  to  Hogs  (December,  1917,  8 
pages). 

122.  Labor  Saving  in  Live-Stoch  Production  (October  16,  1918,  14  pages). 

Yeaebook 

“How  the  dairy  cow  brought  prosperity  in  the  wake  of  the  boU  weevil,” 
by  L.  A.  Higgins  (1917,  pp.  303-310). 

“Sheep  and  intensive  farming,”  by  F.  R.  Marshall  (1917,  pp.  311-320). 

“Breeding  horses  for  the  United  States  Army,”  by  H.  H.  Reese  (1917,  pp. 
341-356). 

“Butterfat  and  Income,”  by  J.  C.  McDowell  (1917,  pp.  357-362). 

“Pig  clubs  and  the  swine  industry,”  by  J.  D.  McVean  (1917,  pp.  371- 
384). 

“Better  poultry  through  community  breeding  associations,”  by  J.  W. 
Kinghorne  (1918,  pp.  109-114). 

“How  dairying  built  up  a  community,”  by  J.  C.  McDowell  (1918,  pp. 
153-168). 

“The  rediscovery  of  an  old  dish,”  by  Herbert  P.  Davis  (1918,  pp.  269- 
276). 

“Live  stock  and  reconstruction,”  by  George  M.  Rommel  (1918,  pp.  289- 
302). 

“Live-stock  drought  relief  work  in  1919,”  by  George  M.  Rommel  (1919, 
pp.  391-405). 

Records 

There  is  no  segregation  of  the  war-time  records  of  the  Bureau  of 
Animal  Industry,  but  all  records  of  the  bureau  are  classified  and 
filed  according  to  a  decimal  system,  and  a  printed  Outline,  or  in¬ 
dex,  facilitates  the  location  of  particular  papers.  Among  the  gen¬ 
eral  heads  in  the  classification  are :  meat  inspection,  animal  diseases, 
animal  husbandry,  and  dairy  division.  Under  “dairy  division”  are 
such  subjects  as  dairy  statistics,  circular  letters  with  answers  at¬ 
tached,  special  reports,  feeds,  silos  and  silage,  ice  cream,  casein, 
milk,  cream,  butter,  cheese,  and  eggs. 

In  the  department  library  are  the  following  mimeographed 
papers. 

“Substitutes  for  a  part  of  the  cane  sugar  in  ice  cream,”  by  S.  H.  Ayers, 
O.  E.  Williams,  and  U.  T.  Johnson  (3  pages). 

“Milk-plant  letter  No.  39  relative  to  the  utilization  of  by-products  in  the 
dairy  business”  (May,  1917,  1  page). 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


163 


Meat  production,  consumption,  exports,  imports,  etc.,  for  the  calendar 
years  1914  to  1918,  inclusive  (7  pages). 

“The  Bureau  Range  Finder,”  a  reflection  of  current  public  opinion  re¬ 
garding  activities  of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry,  based  on  the  press, 
correspondence,  and  kindred  sources  (2  pages,  prepared  weekly  since  De¬ 
cember,  1918). 


BUREAU  OF  MARKETS 

The  Bureau  of  Markets  originated  in  a  clause  of  the  agricul¬ 
tural  appropriations  act  of  March  4,  1913,  appropriating  fifty 
thousand  dollars  for  the  acquisition  and  diffusion  of  useful  infor¬ 
mation  on  subjects  connected  with  the  marketing  and  distributing 
of  farm  products.  The  Office  of  Markets  and  Rural  Organization 
was  established  under  the  agricultural  appropriations  act  of 
March  4,  1915,  and  this  office  became  the  Bureau  of  Markets  July 
1,  1917.^ 

Functions 

As  originally  organized,  shortly  before  the  outbreak  of  the  war, 
the  Bureau  of  Markets  functioned  along  three  main  lines:  (1)  in¬ 
vestigation  and  demonstration;  (2)  service,  including  the  diffusion 
of  information;  (3)  administration  of  statutory  regulations.  Its 
investigations  were  in  the  fields  of  marketing  and  distributing  farm 
products,  of  food  supplies,  of  rural  organization,  of  cotton  stand¬ 
ards,  and  of  grain  standardization.  Its  information  was  diffused  in 
the  form  of  market  reports  in  the  first  nation-wide  market  news 
service  ever  inaugurated  and  in  the  form  of  bulletins  of  various 
kinds.  Its  regulatory  work  consisted  in  the  enforcement  of  acts  of 
Congress  relative  to  cotton  futures,  grain  standards,  warehouses, 
and  standard  containers. 


War  Work 

During  the  war  the  Bureau  of  Markets  functioned  chiefly  as  an 
organization  for  effecting  a  more  efficient  distribution  and  conser¬ 
vation  of  food  products.  With  the  assistance  of  the  States  Rela- 

^  On  July  1,  1922,  the  Bureaus  of  Markets  and  Crop  Estimates  were  con¬ 
solidated  with  the  Office  of  Farm  Management  to  form  the  Bureau  of  Agricul¬ 
tural  Economics. 


164 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


tions  Service  and  the  Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates  it  made  four  sur¬ 
veys  to  ascertain  the  quantities  of  food,  food  materials,  and  feeds 
in  the  country  in  order  that  their  distribution  and  consumption 
might  be  more  intelligently  directed.  The  Bureau  operated  fifty- 
two  market  stations  and  established  a  market  news  service  for  the 
following  commodities:  (1)  live  stock  and  meats;  (2)  dairy  and 
poultry  products;  (3)  grain,  hay,  and  feeds;  (4)  fruits  and  vege¬ 
tables.  It  assisted  in  the  organization  and  advised  in  the  operation 
of  cooperative  purchasing  and  marketing,  encouraged  marketing 
with  motor  trucks  as  a  factor  in  the  solution  of  transportation 
problems  caused  by  the  war,  and  when  the  supply  of  burlap  sacks 
had  been  cut  off  by  war  conditions  it  demonstrated  the  advantages 
of  handling  grain  in  bulk.  The  bureau  demonstrated  to  growers 
and  handlers  of  fruits  and  vegetables  that  loss  from  decay  and  de¬ 
terioration  in  transit  might  be  reduced  by  more  careful  handhng, 
and  it  effected  an  improvement  in  the  construction  of  refrigerator 
cars  and  storage  houses.  It  further  promoted  conservation  by  a 
food-products  inspection  service  and  by  a  campaign  to  reduce  losses 
in  marketing  cotton  seed  and  its  products.  By  cooperative  investi¬ 
gations,  the  means  of  preventing  losses  of  wheat  and  other  grains 
from  grain  dust  explosions  at  miUs  and  elevators  was  discovered, 
the  cause  of  cotton-gin  fires  was  ascertained.  When  the  supply  of 
linen  for  airplane  wings  had  failed  there  were  conferences  Avith  the 
Bureau  of  Standards  and  other  government  agencies,  and  the  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Markets  met  the  emergency  by  producing  a  cotton  fabric 
for  a  substitute.  When  the  supply  of  silk  was  short  it  produced  a 
very  different  cotton  fabric  as  a  substitute  for  balloon  silk.  Other 
war  activities  of  the  Bureau  of  Markets  were:  seed  reports,  cold 
storage  reports,  honey  reports,  grain-grading,  distribution  of  ni¬ 
trate  of  soda,  regulation  of  stockyards  and  live-stock  dealers,  and 
the  investigation  of  foreign  markets. 

Publications 

Reports 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Markets,  1917  (Washington,  42 
pages).  Seed  marketing  investigations;  food  supply  investigations; 
daily  market  reports  on  locally  grown  truck  products ;  weekly  market 
reviews ;  quarterly  reports  on  the  supply  of  wool. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


165 


Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Markets,  1918  (Washington,  39 
pages).  War  program;  food  supply  investigations;  food  survey;  fer¬ 
tilizer  survey;  cooperative  purchasing  and  marketing;  city  marketing 
and  distribution ;  transportation  and  storage ;  motor  transportation  of 
farm  products ;  preservation  of  fruits  and  vegetables  in  transit  and  stor¬ 
age  ;  marketing  dairy  products ;  marketing  cotton  seed  and  its  products ; 
cotton  testing;  market  news  service;  seed  reporting  service;  food  prod¬ 
ucts  inspection  service ;  purchase  and  distribution  of  nitrate  of  soda. 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Markets,  1919  (Washington,  35 
pages).  Food  surveys;  preservation  of  fruits  and  vegetables  in  transit 
and  storage ;  marketing  dairy  products ;  marketing  cotton  seed  and  its 
products ;  contraction  of  market  news  services ;  purchase  and  distribu¬ 
tion  of  nitrate  of  soda ;  supervision  of  stockyards  and  live-stock  dealers. 


Farmers’  Bulletins 

792.  How  the  Federal  Farm  Loan  Act  Benefits  the  Farmer,  by  C.  W. 
Thompson  (January,  1917,  12  pages). 

802.  Classification  of  American  Upland  Cotton,  by  D.  E.  Earle  and  Fred 
Taylor  (July,  1917,  28  pages). 

809.  Marketing  Live  Stock  in  the  South,  by  S.  W.  Doty  (April,  1917,  16 
pages). 

830.  Marketing  Eggs  hy  Parcel  Post,  by  Lewis  B.  Flohr  (August,  1917, 
23  pages). 

919.  The  Application  of  Dockage  in  the  Marketing  of  Wheat  (November, 
1917,  12  pages). 

922.  Parcel  Post  Business  Methods,  by  C.  C.  Hawbaker  and  John  W. 
Law  (February,  1918,  20  pages). 

930.  Marketing  Butter  and  Cheese  hy  Parcel  Post,  by  Lewis  Flohr  and 
Roy  C.  Potts  (May,  1918,  12  pages). 

979.  Preparation  of  Strawberries  for  Market,  by  C.  T.  Moore  and  H.  E. 
Truax  (May,  1918,  27  pages). 

1032.  Operating  a  Cooperative  Motor  Truck  Route,  by  H.  S.  Yohe  (Feb¬ 
ruary,  1919,  24  pages). 

1050.  Handling  and  Loading  Southern  New  Potatoes,  by  A.  M.  Grimes 
(May  1,  1919,  18  pages). 

Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletins 

647.  Cooperative  Purchasing  and  Marketing  Organizations  among 
Farmers  in  the  United  States,  by  O.  B.  Jesness  and  W.  H.  Kerr  (Septem¬ 
ber  19,  1917,  82  pages). 

658,  Marketing  Grain  at  Country  Points,  by  George  Livingston  and  K.  B. 
Seeds  (July  28,  1917,  45  pages). 


166 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


667-  Car-Lot  Shipments  of  Fruits  and  Vegetables  in  the  United  States,  by 
Paul  Froehlich  (June  8,  1918,  196  pages). 

682,  A  Study  of  Prices  and  Quality  of  Creamery  Butter,  by  G.  P.  War- 
ber  (July  16,  1918,  24  pages), 

688.  Marketing  Berries  and  Cherries  by  Parcel  Post,  by  C.  C.  Hawbaker 
and  Charles  A.  Burmeister  (May  18,  1918,  17  pages). 

690.  Marketing  Practices  of  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota  Creameries,  by 
Roy  C.  Potts  (July  23,  1918,  15  pages). 

709.  Reports  of  Storage  Holdings  of  Certain  Food  Products,  by  John  O. 
Bell  and  I.  C.  Franklin  (November  20,  1918,  44  pages). 

729.  Suitable  Storage  Conditions  for  Certain  Perishable  Food  Products 
(July  24,  1918,  10  pages  and  chart). 

764.  Factors  Influencing  the  Carrying  Qualities  of  American  Export  Corn, 
by  E.  G.  Boerner  (July,  1919,  99  pages). 

770.  Motor  Transportation  for  Rural  Districts,  by  J.  H.  Collins  (Janu¬ 
ary  29,  1919,  32  pages). 

776.  Cold  Storage  Reports,  Season  1917-1918,  by  John  O.  Bell  (March, 
1919,  44  pages). 

792.  Reports  of  Storage  Holdings  of  Certain  Food  Products  during  1918, 
by  John  O.  Bell  (July  25,  1919,  80  pages). 

Department  of  Ageicueture  Circtjears 

96.  Sugar  Supply  of  the  United  States:  Its  Extent  and  Distribution  on 
August  31,  1917  (January  31,  1918,  55  pages). 

97.  The  Supply  of  Lard  in  the  United  States:  Its  Extent  and  Distribution 
on  August  31,  1917  (February  28,  1918,  32  pages). 

98.  The  Supply  of  Canned  Salmon  in  the  United  States:  Its  Extent  and 
Distribution  on  August  31, 1917  (February  28,  1918,  13  pages). 

99.  Commercial  Stocks  of  Miscellaneous  Cereal  and  Vegetable  Foodstuffs 
in  the  United  States  on  August  31,  1917 :  Corn,  Corn  Food  Products,  Beans, 
Rice,  Rolled  Oats,  Sirup  and  Molasses,  Vegetable  Oils,  and  Vegetable  Fats 
(February  28,  1918,  28  pages). 

100.  Commercial  Stocks  of  Wheat  and  Flour  in  the  United  States  on  Au¬ 
gust  31, 1917  (February  28,  1918,  37  pages). 

101.  Commercial  Stocks  of  Miscellaneous  Animal  Food  Products  in  the 
United  States  on  August  31,  1917 :  Hams,  Bacon  and  Shoulders,  Salt  Pork, 
Salt  Beef,  Salt  Fish,  and  Condensed  Milk  (February  28,  1918,  19  pages). 

104.  Commercial  Stocks  of  Fertilizer  and  Fertilizer  Materials  in  the 
United  States  as  Reported  October  1, 1917  (February  28,  1918,  12  pages). 

Yearbook 

“Teamwork  between  the  farmer  and  his  agent,”  by  C.  E.  Bassett  (1917, 
pp.  321-325). 

“The  service  of  cold  storage  in  the  conservation  of  foodstuffs,”  by  I.  C. 
Franklin  (1917,  pp.  363-370). 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


167 


“Cooperative  marketing — where?  when?  how?”  by  C.  E.  Bassett  and 
O.  B.  Jesness  (1917,  pp.  385-393). 

“Cattle  loans  and  their  value  to  the  investor,”  by  Charles  S.  Cole  (1918, 

pp.  101-108). 

“Some  effects  of  the  war  upon  the  seed  industry  of  the  United  States,”  by 
W.  A.  Wheeler  and  G.  C.  Edler  (1918,  pp.  195-214). 

“Following  the  produce  markets,”  by  G.  B.  Fiske  (1918,  pp.  277-288). 
“The  farmer  and  Federal  grain  supervision,”  by  Ralph  H.  Brown  (1918, 
pp.  335-346). 

“Government  market  reports  on  live  stock  and  meats,”  by  James  Atkinson 
(1918,  pp.  379-398). 

“Cotton  warehousing — benefits  of  an  adequate  system,”  by  Roy  L.  New¬ 
ton  and  James  M.  Workman  (1918,  pp.  399-432). 

“How  to  use  market  stations,”  by  G.  B.  Fiske  (1919,  pp.  94-114). 
“Federal  supervision  of  live-stock  markets,”  by  Louis  D.  Hall  (1919,  pp. 
239-248). 

“Why  produce  inspection  pays,”  by  H.  E.  Kramer  and  G.  B.  Fiske  (1919, 
pp.  319-334). 

“Selling  purebred  stock  to  South  America,”  by  David  Harbell  and  H.  P. 
Morgan  (1919,  pp.  369-379). 

“The  farmers’  purchasing  power,  how  organized,”  by  J.  M.  Mehl  (1919, 
pp.  381-390). 


Periodicals 

Food  Surveys,  April  29,  1918,  to  June  27,  1919  (2  volumes,  41  num¬ 
bers).  This  periodical  (monthly,  and  special  numbers  when  occasion  re¬ 
quired)  was  published  to  make  known  the  results  of  the  food  surveys 
which  were  undertaken  to  obtain  such  information  concerning  food  and 
food  materials  as  was  thought  necessary  or  desirable  for  the  guidance 
of  governmental  agencies  and  the  public  in  making  plans  for  increasing 
production,  for  promoting  efficient  distribution,  and  for  directing  con¬ 
servation  and  utilization. 

Seed  Reporter,  November,  1917,  to  October  11,  1919  (3  volumes,  25 
numbers).  In  this  periodical  information  was  published  relative  to:  (1) 
seed  crop  movement;  (2)  receipts,  shipments,  imports,  available  sup¬ 
plies,  demand,  prices,  quality,  and  commercial  varieties  of  seeds;  (3) 
seed-marketing  and  seed-crop  studies;  (4)  crop  estimates;  and  (5) 
operations  of  the  Seed  Stocks  Committee. 

The  Food  Surveys  and  Seed  Reporter  were  succeeded,  January  3, 
1920,  by  the  Market  Reporter,  a  weekly  periodical  for  the  dissemina¬ 
tion  of  marketing  information  relative  to  all  important  agricultural 
products. 


168 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Mimeographed  Market  Reports 

The  market  news  services  on  live  stock  and  meats,  dairy  prod¬ 
ucts,  eggs,  fruits  and  vegetables,  grain,  hay  and  feed,  honey,  and 
cold  storage  holdings  were  rendered  in  the  form  of  mimeographed 
reports.  The  reports,  begun  or  greatly  expanded  as  war  emergency 
measures,  have  for  the  most  part  been  continued  in  the  same  or  in 
modified  forms.  As  issued  and  filed  during  the  war  they  were  as 
follows : 


Live  Stock  and  Meats 

Daily  Market  Report  on  Meat  Trade  Conditions.  February,  1917,  to - . 

Exhibits  prices,  supply,  demand  and  trend  of  markets  for  fresh  beef,  veal, 
pork,  lamb,  and  mutton  in  Boston,  Los  Angeles,  New  York,  Philadelphia, 
Pittsburgh,  San  Francisco,  and  Washington. 

Daily  Report  on  Live-stock  Loadings.  July  30,  1917,  to - .  Exhibits 

the  number  of  cars  of  each  kind  of  live  stock  loaded  the  day  previous  in  the 
United  States,  classified  by  destinations,  also  tabulated  by  state  origins  for  a 
number  of  large  market  centers. 

Weekly  Report  of  Meat  Trade  Conditions.  January  4,  1918,  to  June  11, 
1920.  A  Saturday  review  of  market  supplies,  demand  and  prices  of  fresh 
beef,  veal,  pork,  lamb,  and  mutton  at  Boston,  Los  Angeles,  New  York,  Phila¬ 
delphia,  Pittsburgh,  San  Francisco,  and  Washington. 

Weekly  Live-Stock  and  Meat  Trade  News.  December  4,  1917,  to  - . 

Timely  information  pertaining  specifically  to  potential  supplies  and  market 
movements  of  live  stock  and  meats,  marketing  methods,  new  restrictions  and 
regulations  affecting  the  marketing  of  live  stock  and  meats. 

Monthly  Report  on  Live  Stock  at  Stock  Yards.  January,  1917,  to  Decem¬ 
ber  12,  1919.  Exhibits  (1)  receipts  of  live  stock  during  the  preceding  month 
and  the  cumulative  receipts  for  the  year  to  date  of  cattle,  hogs,  sheep,  horses, 
and  mules  at  some  sixty  stockyards  representing  more  than  fifty  cities;  (2) 
the  number  of  cattle,  hogs,  sheep,  horses,  and  mules  shipped  during  the  pre¬ 
ceding  month  and  the  year  to  date  from  public  stockyards  representing  more 
than  fifty  cities ;  (3)  the  number  of  cattle,  hogs,  and  sheep  shipped  during  the 
preceding  month  and  the  year  to  date  from  some  thirty-five  market  centers 
for  feeding  and  grazing  purposes;  (4)  the  total  number  of  cattle,  hogs,  and 
sheep  slaughtered  during  the  preceding  month  and  the  year  to  date  at  more 
than  fifty  market  centers. 


Dairy  Products 

Daily  Butter  and  Cheese  Market  Bulletins.  February,  1918;  subsequently 
incorporated  in  the  Daily  Market  Report.  Daily  summaries  of  market  con¬ 
ditions,  receipts,  shipments,  supplies,  cold  storage  movement,  and  prices  of 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE  169 

butter  and  cheese  in  New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Chicago,  and  San 
Francisco. 

Weekly  Butter  Market  Revierv.  July  9,  1918,  to  - .  A  summary  of 

market  conditions  and  receipts,  shipments,  supplies,  cold  storage  movement, 
and  prices  of  butter  in  New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Chicago,  and  San 
Francisco. 

Weekly  Cheese  Market  Bulletin.  March  12,  1918,  to  - .  A  survey  of 

market  conditions ;  receipts,  shipments,  and  cold  storage  movement  of  cheese 
in  New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Chicago,  and  San  Francisco;  a  report  of 
stocks  in  the  hands  of  the  wholesalers  in  those  cities  and  in  the  hands  of  the 
dealers  and  in  cold  storage  at  primary  markets  in  Wisconsin  and  New  York 
State. 

Monthly  Dairy  Product  Report.  November,  1917,  to  - .  Exhibits  the 

quantity  of  butter,  cheese,  condensed  milk,  and  other  dairy  products,  in¬ 
cluding  oleomargarine,  manufactured  in  the  United  States,  and  the  produc¬ 
tion  for  the  corresponding  month  of  the  preceding  year. 

Monthly  Report  of  Milk  Prices.  July,  1918,  to - .  Exhibits  the  prevail¬ 

ing  wholesale  and  retail  prices  of  milk  paid  by  the  different  classes  of  the 
trade  and  prices  paid  to  producers  in  the  larger  and  more  important  cities 
of  the  United  States. 


Eggs 

Daily  Egg  Market  Bulletin.  February,  1918;  subsequently  incorporated  in 
the  Daily  Market  Report.  Daily  reports  of  market  conditions,  receipts,  ship¬ 
ments,  cold  storage  movement,  and  market  supplies  of  eggs  in  New  York, 
Boston,  Philadelphia,  and  San  Francisco. 


Fruits  and  Vegetables 

Daily  Market  Reports  of  Perishable  Fruits  and  Vegetables.  April  1,  1915, 

to - .  Issued  from  permanent  market  stations  located  in  thirty-two  of  the 

larger  cities  of  the  United  States  and  from  numerous  temporary  field  sta¬ 
tions  in  various  producing  areas  during  crop  movement.  They  contain:  (1) 
telegraphic  reports  from  the  principal  markets  of  the  number  of  cars  of  each 
commodity  unloaded  daily,  the  origin  of  the  commodities,  prevailing  jobbing 
prices,  quality  and  conditions  of  receipts,  marketing  and  weather  conditions ; 
(2)  telegraphic  reports  from  the  railroads  handling  these  crops  of  shipment 
from  each  State  or  district  up  to  midnight  of  the  night  before;  f.o.b.  prices 
from  the  bureau’s  representatives  in  producing  territory. 

Weekly  Car-lot  Summary.  May,  1917,  to - .  Exhibits  total  number  of 

cars  shipped  from  each  State  by  days  and  weeks  as  reported  to  the  bureau 
telegraphically  each  day  by  the  transportation  companies. 

Semi-Tveekly  Summary  of  Car-lot  Shipments.  April  11,  1915,  to - .  Ex¬ 

hibits  car-lot  shipments  of  sixty-one  commodities  not  covered  in  the  weekly 
summary,  or  of  those  upon  which  reports  are  discontinued  for  the  remainder 


170  OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

of  the  season.  This  report  is  based  upon  information  sent  in  by  the  railroads 
by  mail. 

Market  Reviews.  April  14^  1917,  to - .  The  Weekly  Review,  issued  on 

Tuesday,  summarizes  market  conditions,  current  supplies,  and  prices  of 
perishable  fruits  and  vegetables.  The  Week-end  Review,  issued  on  Friday, 
covers  the  same  subj  ects  more  briefly  and  is  intended  primarily  for  the  press. 
The  Monthly  Review,  issued  to  the  press,  summarizes  market  conditions  and 
tendencies  for  the  preceding  four  weeks. 


Grain,  Hay,  and  Feed 

Weekly  Market  Letter.  July  9,  1918,  to  September  27,  1919.  Exhibits 
stocks,  receipts,  prevailing  demand  and  prices  of  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  ground 
feed  in  the  principal  markets. 


Cold  Storage 

Monthly  Cold  Storage  Reports.  December,  1916,  to  - .  Exhibit  the 

storage  holdings  of  apples,  beef,  butter,  cheese,  fish,  lard,  mutton,  pork,  and 
poultry. 

Honey 

Semi-monthly  Market  Report  on  Honey.  June  29,  1917,  to  January  16, 
1920.  This  report,  issued  during  the  heavy  shipping  season,  exhibits  the 
arrivals  of  honey  on  the  markets  at  twelve  important  cities,  as  reported  by 
the  railroads  during  the  preceding  two  weeks,  and  the  range  of  j  obbing  prices 
for  the  different  varieties  and  grades. 


Wool  Reports 

The  issue  of  the  following  wool  reports  was  begun  by  the  Bureau  of  Mar¬ 
kets  during  the  war  and  continued  until  taken  over  by  the  Bureau  of  the 
Census. 

Quarterly  Wool  Stock  Report.  June,  1917,  to - .  Exhibits  the  available 

supply  of  wool  held  by  wool  dealers  and  textile  wool  manufacturers  in  the 
United  States  at  the  close  of  each  quarter  of  the  calendar  year.  The  stock  is 
reported  in  pounds  of  grease,  scoured  and  pulled  wool,  tops  and  noils,  in  all 
the  generally  accepted  commercial  grades. 

Monthly  Wool  Consumption  Report.  January,  1918,  to - .  Exhibits  the 

total  amount  of  wool  in  the  United  States  which  entered  into  the  process  of 
manufacture  during  the  month  in  pounds  of  grease,  scoured  and  pulled  wool, 
in  all  the  various  commercial  grades,  also  the  amount  of  wool  consumed  in 
the  principal  textile  manufacturing  States. 

Monthly  Report  of  Wool  Machinery.  November,  1918,  to  - .  Exhibits 

number  of  active  and  idle  machines  in  the  United  States  and  the  number  en¬ 
gaged  in  government  work,  as  reported  by  wool  manufacturers. 


171 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 

Miscellaneous  Records 

Of  the  miscellaneous  records  in  the  bureau  files  or  in  the  depart¬ 
ment  library,  particular  attention  is  directed  to  the  following 
mimeographed  papers. 

The  war  work  of  the  Bureau  of  Markets  (April  28,  1919,  23  pages). 

What  the  Bureau  of  Markets  is  doing  to  help  in  the  war  emergency  (1918, 
48  pages). 

Publications  issued  by  the  Bureau  of  Markets  prior  to  July  1,  1921  (May, 
1922,  9  pages). 

A  descriptive  list  of  periodical  reports  issued  by  the  Bureau  of  Markets 
(October,  1918,  5  pages). 

Reports  on  foreign  markets  for  agricultural  products.  No.  1  (March  27, 
1919,  29  pages). 

A  weekly  project  letter  regarding  federal  grain  supervision.  February, 
1918,  to  December,  1919  (about  10  pages  in  each  issue).  Among  the  topics 
are:  Nashville  falling  in  line  on  western  wheat;  appeal  on  Milwaukee  wheat; 
new  enterprise  in  Utah;  grain  men  going  into  oil  business;  dissatisfaction 
over  Sioux  City  grading;  Galveston  men  like  oats  grade. 

Food  products  inspection  service,  circulars  1  to  12,  April  5,  1918,  to  No¬ 
vember  1,  1919  (about  12  pages  in  each  circular). 

Food  products  inspection  service,  field  notes  1  to  53.  April  26,  1918,  to 
October  25,  1919  (One  or  two  pages  in  each  number). 

Table  of  packages  per  carload.  May  15,  1917  (13  pages). 

Annual  report  for  the  fiscal  year  1919  of  the  projects  under  supervision 
of  Wells  A.  Sherman  (August  1,  1919,  40  pages).  Market  news  service  on 
fruits  and  vegetables ;  market  surveys ;  methods  and  costs ;  wool  division  of 
the  War  Industries  Board. 

Revised  method  of  determining  dockage  in  wheat,  recommended  by  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  (July  31,  1918,  4  pages). 

Some  results  of  federal  live-stock  market  supervision,  by  Louis  D.  Hall 
(May  14,  1919,  5  pages). 

BUREAU  OF  CROP  ESTIMATES 

The  statistical  division  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  became 
the  Bureau  of  Statistics  July  1,  1903 ;  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  be¬ 
came  the  Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates  July  1,  1914;  and  the  Bureaus 
of  Markets  and  Crop  Estimates  were  consolidated  to  become  the 
Bureau  of  Markets  and  Crop  Estimates  July  1,  1921. 

Functions 

The  Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates  was  an  agency  during  the  war 
for  furnishing  statistical  information  of  prime  importance  to  other 


172 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


bureaus  of  the  department,  to  the  United  States  Food  Administra¬ 
tion,  War  Trade  Board,  War  Industries  Board,  Council  of  Na¬ 
tional  Defense,  Federal  Trade  Commission,  and  Tariff  Commission. 
It  conducted  investigations,  collected  and  recorded  statistics  to  keep 
these  organizations  informed  on  such  matters  as  acreage  and  prob¬ 
able  acreage  of  crops,  shift  in  acreage  due  to  war  conditions,  condi¬ 
tion  of  crops,  yield  of  crops  per  acre,  consumption  requirements, 
uses  made  of  the  wheat  crop,  prices  on  farms,  prices  at  markets, 
number  and  value  of  live  stock,  exports  and  imports  of  agricul¬ 
tural  products,  probable  deficiency  of  certain  foods,  financial  condi¬ 
tion  of  farmers,  location  of  seed  supplies,  seed  requirements,  quality 
of  seed,  demand  for  farm  labor,  supply  of  farm  labor,  binder  twine 
requirements,  probable  number  of  cattle  to  be  fed,  probable  number 
of  cattle  to  be  grazed,  slaughter  of  milch  cows,  probability  of  feed¬ 
ing  more  swine,  supply  of  fertilizer,  and  demand  for  fertilizer. 

Publications 

The  publications  of  the  Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates  which  relate 
to  its  war  activities  and  contain  much  of  the  war-time  information 
which  it  furnished  are  listed  below. 

Reports 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates,  1918  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1918,  14  pages).  New  significance  given  to  the  functions  of  the  bu¬ 
reau  by  the  war ;  estimate  of  the  contribution  of  the  farmers  to  the  win¬ 
ning  of  the  war. 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Crop  Estimates,  1919  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1919,  11  pages).  War  organization  of  the  bureau;  work  accom¬ 
plished  ;  demands  for  improved  crop  and  live-stock  reporting  service. 

Monthly  Crop  Report,  1917,  1918,  and  1919  (Washington,  1917- 
1919,  3  volumes).  Acreage,  condition  of  crops,  temperature  and  precipi¬ 
tation  statistics,  crop  estimates,  crop  statistics,  prices ;  estimated  num¬ 
ber  of  horses,  mules,  milch  cows,  other  cattle,  and  swine ;  condition  of 
farm  animals  and  estimated  losses  ;  miscellaneous  information  relative  to 
both  crops  and  live  stock. 

Department  of  Agrictjeture  Bueeetins 

473.  Production  of  Sugar  in  the  United  States  and  Foreign  Countries,  by 
Perry  Elliott  (February  12,  1917,  70  pages). 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


173 


483.  Statistics  of  Fruits  in  Principal  Countries :  Production,  Exports,  and 
Imports  for  the  United  States  and  Foreign  Countries,  by  H.  D.  Ruddiman 
(February  14,  1917,  40  pages). 

614.  Wheat,  Yields  per  Acre  and  Prices,  by  States,  50  Years,  1866-1915 
(February  13,  1917,  16  pages). 

515.  Corn,  Yields  per  Acre  and  Prices,  by  States,  50  Years,  1866-1915 
(February  12,  1917,  16  pages). 

594.  Geography  of  Wheat  Prices:  Summary  of  Conditions  Affecting  Farm 
Prices  of  Wheat  in  Different  Parts  of  the  United  States,  by  L.  B.  Zapoleon 
(February  21,  1918,  46  pages). 

685.  Honeybees  and  Honey  Production  in  the  United  States,  by  S.  A. 
Jones  (June  20,  1918,  61  pages). 

695.  Potatoes:  Acreage,  Production,  Foreign  Trade,  Supply,  and  Con¬ 
sumption,  by  George  K.  Holmes  (October  16,  1918,  24  pages). 

696.  Geographical  Phases  of  Farm  Prices:  Corn,  by  L.  B.  Zapoleon  (Sep¬ 
tember  26,  1918,  53  pages). 

733.  Length  of  Cotton  Lint,  Crops  1916  and  1917,  by  W.  L.  Pryor  (Sep¬ 
tember  6,  1918,  8  pages). 

755.  Geographical  Phases  of  Farm  Prices:  Oats,  by  L.  B.  Zapoleon 
(March  19,  1919,  28  pages). 


Yearbook 

“Wool:  production,  foreign  trade,  supply,  and  consumption,”  by  George 
K.  Holmes  (1917,  pp.  401-424). 

“Hides  and  Skins:  production,  foreign  trade,  supply,  and  consumption,” 
by  George  K.  Holmes  (1917,  pp.  425-446). 

“Sugar  supply  of  the  United  States,”  by  Frank  Andrews  (1917,  pp.  447- 
460). 

“Statistics  of  grain  crops,  1917”  (1917,  pp.  605-654). 

“Statistics  of  crops  other  than  grain  crops”  (1917,  pp.  655-707). 
“Statistics  of  live  stock,  1917,  and  miscellaneous  data”  (1917,  pp.  709- 
757). 

“Imports  and  exports  of  agricultural  products”  (1917,  pp.  759-799). 
“Statistics  of  grain  crops,  1918”  (1918,  pp.  449-506). 

“Statistics  of  crops  other  than  grain  crops”  (1918,  pp.  507-586). 
“Statistics  of  farm  animals  and  their  products”  (1918,  pp.  587-626). 
“Imports  and  exports  of  agricultural  products”  (1918,  pp.  627-665). 
“Miscellaneous  agricultural  statistics”  (1918,  pp.  667-725). 

“Three  centuries  of  tobacco,”  by  George  K.  Holmes  (1919,  pp.  151-175). 
“Statistics  of  grain  crops,  1919”  (1919,  pp.  509-567). 

“Statistics  of  crops  other  than  grain  crops”  (1919,  pp.  568-643). 
“Statistics  of  farm  animals  and  their  products”  (1919,  pp.  644-681). 
“Imports  and  exports  of  agricultural  products”  (1919,  pp.  682-721). 
“Miscellaneous  agricultural  statistics”  (1919,  pp.  722-755). 


174 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


BUREAU  OF  CHEMISTRY 

The  Bureau  of  Chemistry  originated  in  an  appropriation  by 
Congress,  August  12,  1848,  for  the  chemical  analysis  of  vegetable 
subjects  produced  and  used  for  the  food  of  man  and  animals  in  the 
United  States.  The  Division  of  Chemistry,  the  oldest  in  the  Depart¬ 
ment,  was  organized  in  1866  and  became  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry 
July  1,  1901. 

Functions 

The  bureau  is  engaged  in  investigations  relative  to  the  chemistry 
of  plant  growth,  the  influence  of  environment  on  crops  and  plants, 
the  preservation  and  utilization  of  food  products,  investigations 
relative  to  leather  and  tanning,  investigations  on  the  manufacture 
of  dyes,  on  the  manufacture  of  insecticides,  on  the  manufacture  of 
sugar  and  sirup,  investigations  in  collaboration  with  other  de¬ 
partments,  and  in  the  examination  of  foods  and  drugs  necessary  to 
its  administration  of  the  food  and  drugs  act. 

War  Activities 

The  war  activities  of  the  bureau  were  chiefly  cooperative.  It  as¬ 
sisted  the  United  States  Food  Administration  in  conserving  wheat 
and  sugar  by  effecting  the  utilization  of  substitutes  for  wheat  flour 
and  substitutes  for  sugar  used  in  soft  drinks.  It  assisted  in  conserv¬ 
ing  fats  and  oils  by  promoting  the  use  of  vegetable  oils  for  animal 
fats.  It  cooperated  with  the  Department  of  Commerce  in  conserving 
tin  plate  needed  for  the  preservation  of  fruits  and  vegetables.  It 
assisted  in  the  control  and  distribution  of  arsenic  to  prevent  a 
shortage  of  insecticides.  It  assisted  in  reducing  the  loss  of  grain 
from  grain  dust  explosions  and  in  reducing  the  loss  of  cotton  from 
flres  in  cotton  gins.  The  chief  of  the  bureau  was  a  member  of  the 
Interdepartmental  Ammonia  Committee  for  the  control  of  the  pro¬ 
duction  and  distribution  of  ammonia. 

Publications 

Reports 

Report  of  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry,  1917  (Washington,  1917,  20 
pages).  Conservation  of  foodstuffs. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


175 


Report  of  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  24 
pages).  Cooperation  with  war  agencies;  conservation  of  foodstuffs; 
mill  and  elevator  dust  explosions  and  fires ;  sugars  and  sirups ;  oils  and 
fats ;  insecticides. 

Report  of  the  Bureau  of  Chemistry,  1919  (Washington,  1920,  24 
pages).  Sugar,  sugar  derivatives,  and  sirup;  oils  and  fats;  grain-null, 
elevator,  and  cotton-gin  explosions  and  fires ;  leather  and  tanning. 

Farmers’  Bulletins 

881.  Preservation  of  Vegetables  by  Fermentation  and  Salting,  by  L.  A. 
Round  and  H.  L.  Lang  (August,  1917,  15  pages). 

Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletins 

636.  The  Commercial  Freezing  and  Storing  of  Fish,  by  Ernest  D.  Clark 
and  Lloyd  H.  Almy  (March  9,  1918,  10  pages). 

657.  A  Wheatless  Ration  for  the  Rapid  Increase  of  Flesh  on  Young 
Chickens,  by  M.  E.  Pennington  and  others  (May  2,  1918,  12  pages). 

664.  The  Prevention  of  Breakage  of  Eggs  in  Transit  when  Shipped  in  Car- 
lots,  by  M.  E.  Pennington  and  others  (April  25,  1918,  31  pages). 

681.  Grain-Dust  Explosions,  by  D.  W.  Dedrick,  R.  B.  Fehr,  and  David  J. 
Price  (May  18,  1918,  64  pages). 

701  The  Chemical  Analysis  of  Wheat-Flour  Substitutes  and  of  the  Breads 
Made  therefrom,  by  J.  A.  Le  Clerc  and  H.  L.  Wessling  (September  20, 
1918,  12  pages). 

706.  American  Sumac:  a  Valuable  Tanning  Material  and  Dyestuff,  by 
F.  P.  Veitch  and  J.  S.  Rogers  (July  26,  1918,  12  pages). 

750.  A  Method  for  Preparing  a  Commercial  Grade  of  Calcium  Arsenate, 
by  J.  K.  Haywood  and  C.  M.  Smith  (October  5,  1918,  10  pages). 

769.  The  Production  and  Conservation  of  Fats  and  Oils  in  the  United 
States,  by  Herbert  S.  Bailey  and  B.  E.  Reuter  (February  10,  1919,  48 
pages). 


Yearbook 

“The  peanut,  a  great  American  food,”  by  H.  S.  Bailey  and  J.  A.  Le  Clerc 
(1917,  pp.  289-301). 

Department  of  Agriculture  Circulars 

Relation  of  dehydration  to  agriculture  (January  26,  1919,  11  pages). 
Explosions  and  fires  in  thrashing  machines  (1918,  6  pages). 

The  installation  of  dust-collecting  fans  for  thrashing  machines  for  the  pre¬ 
vention  of  explosions  and  fires  and  for  grain  cleaning,  by  H.  E.  Roethe,  Jr., 
and  E.  N.  Bates  (May,  1918,  11  pages). 


176 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Mimeographed  Papers 

The  utilization  of  the  potato,  by  H.  C.  Gore  (1918,  11  pages). 
Formulas  for  sugar-saving  sirups  (1918,  5  pages). 

Malt  sirup  for  candy  (4  pages). 

Preparation  of  sirup  from  sweet  potatoes  (2  pages). 

Report  of  an  egg  conference,  May  15  and  June  1,  1918  (8  pages). 
Save  lives  and  food  and  property  (1918,  2  pages). 


OFFICE  OF  FARM  MANAGEMENT 

The  OflSce  of  Farm  Management  originated  in  the  Bureau  of 
Plant  Industry  in  1904,  was  transferred  to  the  Office  of  the  Secre¬ 
tary  in  1915,  became  the  Office  of  Farm  Management  and  Farm 
Economics  in  1919,  was  made  an  independent  office  in  1920,  and  in 
1922  was  merged  with  the  Bureau  of  Markets  and  Crop  Estimates 
to  form  the  Bureau  of  Agricultural  Economics.  During  the  war  the 
office  directed  its  attention  chiefly  to  the  shortage  of  farm  labor, 
means  of  increasing  crop  production,  and  to  a  continuation  of  its 
study  of  wheat  production.  It  urged  a  fuller  use  of  farm  machinery, 
appealed  to  the  urban  population  to  assist  in  harvesting  crops,  and, 
in  cooperation  with  the  Department  of  Labor,  effected  an  improve¬ 
ment  in  the  distribution  of  agricultural  labor. 

Publications 

Farmers’  Bueeetins 

838.  Harvesting  Hay  with  the  Sweep-Rake,  a  Means  by  Which  Eastern 
Hay-Growers  may  Save  Labor,  Arnold  P.  Yerkes  and  H.  B.  McClure  (June, 

1917,  12  pages). 

877.  Human  Food  from  an  Acre  of  Staple  Farm  Products,  by  Morton  O. 
Cooper  and  W.  J.  Spillman  (October,  1917,  11  pages). 

904.  Fire  Prevention  and  Fire  Fighting  on  the  Farm,  by  H.  R.  Tolley  and 
A.  P.  Yerkes  (January,  1918,  16  pages). 

905.  Ways  of  Making  Southern  Mountain  Farms  More  Productive,  by 
J.  H.  Arnold  (August,  1918,  28  pages). 

924.  A  Simple  Way  to  Increase  Crop  Yields,  by  H.  A.  Miller  (February, 

1918,  24  pages). 

943.  Haymaking,  by  H.  B.  McClure  (April,  1918,  31  pages).  Ways  of 
saving  time  and  labor  and  reducing  costs. 

956.  Curing  Hay  on  Trucks,  by  H.  B.  McClure  (May,  1918,  19  pages). 

963.  Tractor  Experience  in  Illinois,  a  Study  of  the  Farm  Tractor  under 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE  177 

Corn-Belt  Conditions,  by  Arnold  P.  Yerkes  and  L.  M.  Church  (June,  1918, 
30  pages). 

981.  Farm  Practices  that  Increase  Crop  Yields  in  Kentucky  and  Tennes¬ 
see,  by  J.  H.  Arnold  (November,  1918,  38  pages). 

986.  Farm  Practices  That  Increase  Crop  Yields  in  the  Gulf  Coast  Region, 
by  M.  A.  Crosby  (June,  1918,  28  pages). 

987.  Labor  Saving  Practices  in  Haymaking,  by  H.  B.  McClure  (June, 
1918,  20  pages). 

989.  Better  Use  of  Man  Labor  on  the  Farm,  by  H.  R.  Tolley  and  A.  P. 
Yerkes  (June,  1918,  15  pages). 

991.  The  Efficient  Operation  of  Thrashing  Machines,  by  H.  R.  Tolley 
(June,  1918,  16  pages). 

992.  The  Use  of  Machinery  in  Cutting  Corn,  by  H.  R.  Tolley  (July,  1918, 
16  pages). 

1008.  Saving  Farm  Labor  by  Harvesting  Crops  with  Live  Stock,  by  J.  A. 
Drake  (September,  1918,  15  pages). 

1009.  Hay  Stackers,  How  They  may  be  Used  in  the  East  and  South  to  Save 
Labor,  by  H.  B.  McClure  (January,  1919,  23  pages). 

1023.  Machinery  for  Cutting  Firewood,  by  H.  R.  Tolley  (January,  1919, 
16  pages). 

1035.  The  Farm  Tractor  in  the  Dakotas,  by  Arnold  P.  Yerkes  and  L.  M. 
Church  (March,  1919,  32  pages). 

1042.  Saving  Man  Labor  in  Sugar-Beet  Fields,  by  L.  A.  Moorehouse  and 
T.  H.  Summers  (June,  1919,  19  pages). 

Department  of  Agriculture  Bulletins 

528.  Seasonal  Distribution  of  Farm  Labor  in  Chester  County,  Pa.,  by 
George  A.  Billings  (April  13,  1917,  29  pages). 

602.  Value  of  a  Small  Plot  of  Ground  to  the  Laboring  Man,  by  W.  C. 
Funk  (March  5,  1918,  11  pages). 

Yearbook 

“The  world’s  supply  of  wheat,”  by  O.  C.  Stine  (1917,  pp.  461-480). 

“A  graphic  summary  of  seasonal  work  on  farm  crops,”  by  O.  E.  Baker, 
C.  F.  Brooks,  and  R.  G.  Hainsworth  (1917,  pp.  537-589). 

“The  thrashing  ring  in  the  corn  belt,”  by  J.  C.  Rundles  (1918,  pp.  247- 
268). 

“Arable  land  in  the  United  States,”  by  O.  E.  Baker  and  H.  M.  Strong 
(1918,  pp.  433-441). 

“Farm  practices  in  growing  wheat,”  by  J.  H.  Arnold  and  R.  R.  Spafford 
(1919,  pp.  123-150). 

“The  horse  power  problem  on  the  farm,”  by  Oscar  A.  Juve  (1919,  pp. 
485-495). 


178 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


UNITED  STATES  WEATHER  BUREAU 

The  United  States  Weather  Bureau  was  established  under  a  joint 
resolution  of  Congress,  February  9,  1870,  as  a  branch  of  the  Signal 
Service  of  the  War  Department.  It  was  transferred  to  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture  July  1,  1891,  by  an  act  of  Congress  approved 
October  1,  1890.  During  the  war  it  was  intimately  associated  with 
the  meteorological  section  of  the  Signal  Corps,  U.S.  Army,  which 
cooperated  with  the  French  and  the  English  in  forecasting  mete¬ 
orological  conditions  on  the  Western  Front.  It  also  rendered  vari¬ 
ous  services  to  military  organizations  in  the  United  States,  but  its 
importance  for  this  survey  is  in  its  monthly  reports  of  Climatologi¬ 
cal  Data  for  the  United  States  hy  Sections  (Washington,  1917- 
1919). 


BUREAU  OF  ENTOMOLOGY 

The  Bureau  of  Entomology  was  active  during  the  war  in  guard¬ 
ing  against  the  outbreak  of  insect  pests  ruinous  or  injurious  to  any 
of  the  staple  crops  and  in  measures  to  save  stored  grain,  other  food 
products,  and  lumber  from  loss  or  damage  by  operations  of  insects. 
A  system  of  reporting  insect  outbreaks  was  organized,  the  result  of 
which  was  an  intimate  knowledge  of  conditions  almost  from  day  to 
day  of  insect-pest  increase  over  the  whole  United  States.  These 
conditions  were  made  known  to  the  economic  entomologists  of  the 
country  through  circular  letters,  and  cooperative  measures  were 
taken  to  hold  crop  pests  in  check.  By  conferences  with  chemists  and 
insecticide  manufacturers  the  problem  of  reduced  quantity  of  arse¬ 
nic  was  met,  and  by  conservative  use  and  better  distribution  the  sup¬ 
ply  was  made  to  cover  the  needs  of  the  farmers,  fruit  growers,  and 
gardeners.  The  bureau  assisted  the  Quartermaster  General’s  Depart¬ 
ment  of  the  army  by  inspecting  the  enormous  quantities  of  grain  in¬ 
tended  for  shipment  to  Europe  and  gave  advice  as  to  fumigation 
and  other  treatment  when  such  stored  products  were  found  to  be 
infested  with  insects.  It  likewise  inspected  warehouses  and  mills  in 
many  parts  of  the  country.  Advice  was  given  to  representatives  of 
the  War  and  Navy  Departments  and  to  the  United  States  Ship¬ 
ping  Board  relative  to  insect  damage  to  lumber  and  stored  wooden 
implements.  Specialists  sent  out  by  the  Beekeeping  Section  ad¬ 
dressed  thousands  of  beekeepers  as  to  the  need  of  more  honey,  with 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


179 


the  result  that  the  supply  of  this  commodity  for  domestic  consump¬ 
tion  was  much  increased  and  exports  of  it  to  allied  countries  were 
ten  times  greater  than  at  any  period  previous  to  the  war. 

Publications 

Farmers’  Bulletins 

836.  Horn  to  Detect  Outbreaks  of  Insects  and  Save  the  Grain  Crops,  by 
W.  R.  Walton  (June,  1917,  24  pages). 

875.  The  Rough-Headed  Corn  Stalk  Beetle  in  the  Southern  States  and  its 
Control,  by  W.  J.  Phillips  and  Henry  Fox  (October,  1917,  12  pages). 

890.  Hotv  Insects  Affect  the  Cotton  Plant  and  Means  of  Combating  Them, 
by  W.  Dwight  Pierce  (December,  1917,  28  pages). 

891.  The  Corn  Root- Aphis  and  Methods  of  Controlling  It,  by  John  J. 
Davis  (December,  1917,  12  pages). 

908.  Information  for  Fruit  Grorvers  about  Insecticides,  Spraying  Apparor 
tus,  and  Important  Insect  Pests,  by  A.  L.  Quaintance  and  E.  H.  Siegler 
(February,  1918,  99  pages). 

940.  Common  White  Grubs,  by  John  J.  Davis  (May,  1918,  28  pages). 
Possibility  of  an  outbreak  in  1918. 

950.  The  Southern  Corn  Rootrvorm  and  Farm  Practices  to  Control  It,  by 
Philip  Luginbill  (May,  1918,  12  pages). 

983.  Bean  and  Pea  Weevils,  by  E.  A.  Back  and  A.  B.  Duckett  (September, 
1918,  24  pages). 

1003.  Hotv  to  Control  Billbugs  Destructive  to  Cereal  and  Forage  Crops,  by 
A.  F.  Satterthwait  (January,  1919,  23  pages). 

1037.  White  Ants  as  Pests  in  the  United  States  and  Methods  of  Preventing 
Their  Damage,  by  T.  E.  Snyder  (June,  1919,  16  pages). 

Yearbook 

"How  weevils  get  into  beans,”  by  E.  A.  Back  (1918,  pp.  327-334). 

Entomology  and  the  War,  by  L.  O.  Howard  (9  pages),  is  a  reprint  from 
The  Scientific  Monthly,  February,  1919. 


BUREAU  OF  BIOLOGICAL  SURVEY 

The  Bureau  of  Biological  Survey  assisted  in  the  conservation  of 
food  supplies  by  conducting  campaigns  against  rats  and  other  ro¬ 
dent  pests,  which  destroy  growing  and  stored  food  products;  and 
against  wolves,  coyotes,  and  other  predatory  animals,  which  live  to 
a  great  extent  upon  domestic  floclcs  and  herds. 


180  OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

Publications 
Faemees’  Bulletins 

670.  Field  mice  as  farm  and  orchard  pests,  by  David  E.  Lantz  (June, 
1915,  10  pages). 

702.  Cottontail  rabbits  in  relation  to  trees  and  farm  crops,  by  David  E. 
Lantz  (January,  1916,  12  pages). 

869.  The  muskrat  as  a  fur  bearer,  with  notes  on  its  use  as  food,  by  David 
E.  Lantz  (September,  1917,  22  pages). 

896.  House  rats  and  mice,  by  David  E.  Lantz  (October,  1917,  24  pages). 

932.  Rodent  pests  of  the  farm,  by  David  E.  Lantz  (July,  1918,  23  pages). 

Yeaebook 

“Cooperative  campaigns  for  the  control  of  ground  squirrels,  prairie  dogs, 
and  jack  rabbits,”  by  W.  B.  Bell  (1917,  pp.  225-233). 

“The  house  rat:  the  most  destructive  animal  in  the  world,”  by  David  E. 
Lantz  (1917,  pp.  235-251). 

“Rabbit  growing  to  supplement  the  meat  supply,”  by  Ned  Dearborn 
(1918,  pp.  145-152), 

BUREAU  OF  SOILS  AND  OFFICE  OF  FERTILIZER  CONTROL 

In  conformity  with  a  proclamation  of  the  President,  issued  Feb¬ 
ruary  25,  1918,  the  Office  of  Fertilizer  Control  was  created  in  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  to  regulate,  by  licenses,  the  importa¬ 
tion,  manufacture,  storage,  and  distribution  of  fertilizer  ingredi¬ 
ents.  The  Bureau  of  Soils  cooperated  with  this  office  in  determining 
the  fertilizer  requirements  of  the  country  and  the  available  sup¬ 
plies  of  fertilizer  ingredients. 

With  the  abolition  of  the  Office  of  Fertilizer  Control  shortly  after 
the  signing  of  the  Armistice  in  1918,  the  work  of  that  office  was 
transferred  to  the  Bureau  of  Soils  and  was  continued  until  the  re¬ 
peal  of  the  Lever  act  in  March,  1921.  In  its  conduct  of  this  work, 
and  under  the  authority  of  the  act  referred  to,  the  Bureau  of  Soils 
required  the  fertilizer  manufacturers  to  submit  for  approval  each 
spring  and  fall  the  figures  upon  which  it  was  intended  to  base  the 
selling  price  of  their  commodities,  and  in  this  way  prevented  the 
exaction  of  excessive  profits. 

Prior  to  the  entry  of  the  United  States  into  the  war  the  Bureau 
of  Soils  had  carried  its  investigation  of  the  fixation  of  atmospheric 
nitrogen  to  a  point  where  it  had  already  in  operation  a  plant  for 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


181 


the  fixation  of  nitrogen,  at  that  time  the  only  Haber  plant  in 
operation  in  the  country.  The  bureau  was  also  operating  a  small 
plant  for  the  oxidation  of  ammonia  to  nitric  acid.  These  plants 
were  put  at  the  service  of  the  War  Department  and  thereafter, 
during  the  period  of  the  war,  active  cooperation  was  maintained  in 
the  study  of  nitrogen  fixation  for  the  manufacture  of  suitable  com¬ 
pounds  for  munitions  and  fertilizers. 

In  an  endeavor  to  establish  an  American  potash  industry,  the 
Bureau  of  Soils  had  for  some  years  before  the  war  been  actively 
investigating  sources  of  potash.  With  the  advent  of  the  war  this 
work  was  promptly  expanded  and  there  was  erected  and  placed  in 
operation  for  experiment  and  demonstration  a  kelp  products  plant 
at  Summerland,  Calif.  Here  were  worked  out  methods  of  producing 
not  only  potash  salts  but  also  absorbent  carbons  and  iodine,  both  of 
especial  value  for  war  purposes.  The  plant  was  operated  on  a  pro¬ 
ducing  scale  and  made  to  yield  a  contribution  to  the  country’s 
potash  supply. 

Recognizing  the  desirability  of  the  use  of  more  concentrated  fer¬ 
tilizers,  through  the  use  of  which  large  amounts  of  car  space  could 
be  saved  and  a  reduction  in  freight  charges  effected,  an  investiga¬ 
tion  was  made  by  the  Bureau  of  Soils  of  a  method  for  the  volatili¬ 
zation  of  phosphoric  acid  by  the  pyrolytic  process,  and  in  conjunc¬ 
tion  with  this  a  study  was  made  of  the  preparation  of  concentrated 
fertilizer  materials  carrying  the  three  principal  fertilizer  ingredi¬ 
ents. 

Publications 

Department  of  Agricxtltuee  Bulletins 

699.  Analysis  of  Experimental  Work  with  Ground  Raw  Rock  Phosphate  as 
a  Fertilizer,  hj  W.  H.  Waggaman  (October  16,  1918,  119  pages). 

Yearbook 

“The  sources  of  our  nitrogenous  fertilizers,”  by  Frederiek  W.  Brown 
(1917,  pp.  139-146). 

“Phosphate  rock  our  greatest  fertilizer  asset,”  by  W.  H.  Waggaman 
(1917,  pp.  177-183). 

“Fertilizers  from  industrial  wastes,”  by  William  H.  Ross  (1917,  pp.  253- 
263). 

“Atmospheric  nitrogen  for  fertilizers,”  by  R.  O.  E.  Davis  (1919,  pp. 
115-121), 


182  OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

Yeaebook  Separates 

717.  “Importance  of  developing  our  natural  sources  of  potash,”  by  F.  W. 
Brown. 

733.  “Conservation  of  fertilizer  materials  from  minor  sources,”  by  C.  C. 
Fletcher. 

840.  “Phosphorus  in  fertilizer,”  by  W.  H.  Waggaman. 

851.  “Getting  our  potash,”  by  W.  H.  Ross. 

Department  op  Agriculture  Circulars 

61.  Sources  of  American  Potash,  by  R.  O.  E.  Davis. 

Senate  Document  410,  66th  Congress,  3rd  Session,  is  a  statement  of  the 
fertilizer  situation  in  the  United  States,  by  Milton  Whitney. 


BUREAU  OF  PUBLIC  ROADS  AND  UNITED  STATES 
HIGHWAYS  COUNCIL 

The  United  States  Highways  Council,  consisting  of  the  chief  of 
the  Bureau  of  Public  Roads  (chairman)  and  representatives  from 
the  War  Department,  Railroad  Administration,  War  Industries 
Board,  Fuel  Administration,  and  Capital  Issues  Committee  was 
formed  in  June,  1918,  to  coordinate  the  activities  of  government 
agencies  in  relation  to  the  highways.  The  Bureau  of  Public  Roads 
suspended  most  of  its  pre-war  program,  and  the  council  and  bureau, 
cooperating,  were  charged  with  the  carrying  out  of  the  govern¬ 
ment’s  road-building  program  during  the  period  of  the  war,  a  pro¬ 
gram  which  provided  particularly  for  roads  at  and  around  the  army 
cantonments  and  concentration  points  for  war  materials  and  for  the 
improvement  of  roads  necessary  to  facilitate  movement  from  pro¬ 
duction  points.  After  the  war  road  building  was  promoted  by  a 
general  distribution  of  road-building  machinery,  equipment,  and 
supplies  from  the  surplus  war  material  of  the  army. 

Publications 

Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Bureau  of  Public  Roads,  1918  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1918,  20  pages).  War  work. 

Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Public  Roads,  1919  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1919,  36  pages).  War  activities ;  distribution  of  surplus  war  equip¬ 
ment,  supplies,  and  materials. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


183 


Yearbook 

“Federal  aid  to  highways/’  by  J,  E.  Pennybacker  and  L.  E.  Boykin  (1917, 
pp. 127-138). 

“Electric  light  and  power  from  small  streams,”  by  A.  M.  Daniels  (1918, 
pp.  221-238). 

Periodical 

Public  Roads,  a  periodical  issued  by  the  Bureau  from  May,  1918,  to  De¬ 
cember,  1921,  contains  the  following  articles: 

“The  U.S.  Highways  Council”  (June,  1918,  p.  2)  ; 

“Oil,  asphalt,  and  tar  supply”  (June,  1918,  p.  3)  ; 

“Work  of  the  Bureau  of  Public  Roads  for  the  last  fiscal  year”  (December, 
1918,  pages  6-48). 


OFFICE  OF  INFORMATION 

The  Office  of  Information  prepared  and  distributed  the  Weekly 
News  Letter,  conducted  a  Special  Information  Service,  and  issued  a 
Home  Garden  Series,  a  Canning-Drying  Series,  and  a  War  Work 
Weekly. 

Weekly  News  Letter.  This  periodical,  originally  of  three  or  four 
pages,  was  first  issued  August  13,  1913.  During  the  war  it  was  en¬ 
larged  to  eight,  and,  occasionally,  to  sixteen  pages.  As  the  official  or¬ 
gan  of  the  Department  it  was  used  to  further  agricultural  campaigns 
and  for  the  publication  of  official  statements.  Some  of  its  leading  arti¬ 
cles  during  the  war  were :  Food  crops  must  be  increased :  war  demands 
and  world  food  shortage  should  be  met  by  American  farmers — efficient 
production  imperative — what  crops  should  be  stressed  and  where  (April 
18,  1917)  ;  Raise  more  chickens.  Farm  labor  problem  (May  23)  ;  Food 
waste  at  home  (June  20)  ;  Can  and  dry  surplus  fruits  and  vegetables 
(July  4)  ;  Save  your  own  vegetable  seed  (July  11)  ;  Prepare  now  to 
store  food  crops  for  winter  use  (July  25)  ;  Saving  of  perishables  (Au¬ 
gust  1)  ;  Billion  bushels  of  wheat  recommended  for  next  year  (August 
15)  ;  Extension  of  Government’s  food  production  work  (August  22)  ; 
Nitrate  of  soda  for  fertilizers  (October  10)  ;  Wage  war  on  rodents 
(November  7)  ;  Problems  of  production,  conservation  and  rural  la¬ 
bor  (November  29);  Pork  production  for  1918:  Department  of 
Agriculture  asks  the  States  to  increase  swine  5  to  50  per  cent — big 
corn  crop  will  help  (December  5)  ;  Secretary  Houston  reports  year’s 
gain  on  the  agricultural  front  (December  12)  ;  Farm  labor  problem 
(January  2,  1918)  ;  Farmers  to  increase  poultry  production  (January 
9) ;  Grow  more  spring  wheat — increase  food  crops  and  meats  (Febru- 


184 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


ary  27)  ;  Policy  and  scope  of  Food  Administration  with  relation  to 
price  fixing  (March  6)  ;  City’s  part  in  solving  farm-labor  problem 
(March  13)  ;  Report  of  Advisory  Committee  of  Producers :  regula¬ 
tions  adopted  regarding  food  production  measures — ^problems  relating 
to  seed,  grain,  fertilizers,  equipment,  labor,  and  live  stock  (April  17)  ; 
Cottage  cheese  (April  24)  ;  Eat  more  rice.  Potatoes  back  wheat  (May 
8)  ;  Let  sweet  clover  bloom  on  wastes,  increase  honey  and  sugar  supply 
(May  22)  ;  President  places  farm-implement  industry  under  license  sys¬ 
tem,  Many  ways  to  use  honey  as  substitute  for  sugar  (May  29)  ;  Soft- 
drink  makers  may  save  50,000  tons  of  sugar  by  use  of  substitutes 
(June  5)  ;  President  places  stockyards  and  stock  dealers  under  bcense 
system  (June  26)  ;  War  policy  in  road  building  (July  10)  ;  Business 
men’s  part  in  food  production  (July  17)  ;  All  must  help  in  clearing  com¬ 
munity  of  rodent  pests.  Keep  canning,  sugar  or  no  sugar  (July  24)  ; 
The  American  system  of  agricultural  education  and  research  and  its 
role  in  helping  to  win  the  war.  Wheat  yields  increased  by  using  right 
kind  of  seed  (August  28)  ;  Cut  wood,  sell  it,  burn  it — ^help  save  coal 
(October  9)  ;  Advantage  of  motor  trucks  shown  in  farming  reports.  War 
spirit  drives  forward  in  boys’  and  girls’  clubs  (October  30). 

Special  Information  Service.  This  was  an  illustrated  weekly  news 
service  under  four  departments  of  two  columns  each,  in  which  were  dis¬ 
cussed  problems  of  food  production  and  conservation,  especially  as  they 
related  to  the  urban  population  and  small  producers.  The  four  depart¬ 
ments  were:  (1)  Our  Part  in  Feeding  the  Nation;  (2)  Helping  the 
Meat  and  Milk  Supply;  (3)  A  Bird  in  the  Hand  (poultry)  ;  (4)  The 
Housewife  and  the  War.  The  service  was  inaugurated  in  October,  1917, 
and  was  furnished  to  more  than  seven  thousand  newspapers.  It  was  con¬ 
tinued  in  slightly  different  form  after  the  war. 

Home  Garden  Series.  This  was  issued  early  in  the  season  of  1918  to 
give  advice  to  home  gardeners  on  farms  and  in  cities  as  aid  to  them  in 
producing  supplies  of  home-grown  foods. 

The  Canning-Drying  Series  was  intended  to  promote  the  saving  of 
food  produced  in  the  home  gardens. 

War  Work  Weekly.  This  six-page  weekly,  issued  in  mimeograph,  was 
established  in  May,  1918,  to  inform  newspapers  and  agricultural  jour¬ 
nals  regarding  the  results  and  progress  obtained  by  the  department’s 
workers  and  its  cooperating  forces  in  the  States  in  war  emergency  ac¬ 
tivities. 

Department  of  Agriculture  in  the  War,  by  Dixon  Merritt  (mimeo¬ 
graphed,  208  pages),  gives  an  account  of  the  war  work  of  each  bureau 
and  special  war  agency  of  the  Department. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE 


185 


AGRICULTURAL  ADVISORY  COMMITTEE 

The  Agricultural  Advisory  Committee  was  composed  of  twenty-four 
representatives  of  agricultural  and  live-stock  production.  It  assembled 
in  Washington  March  28,  1918,  remained  in  session  until  April  4,  and 
held  another  session  August  5-8,  1918.  For  its  proceedings  and  recom¬ 
mendations  see  (1)  Report  of  Advisory  Committee  of  Agricultural  and 
Live-Stock  Producers  in  Consultation  with  the  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  and  the  Food  Administration,  Sitting  in  W ashington  March  ^8  to 
April  4,  Inclusive  (Washington,  1918,  32  pages)  ;  (2)  Stenographic  Re¬ 
port  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Agricultural  Advisory  Committee  of  the 
U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture  and  the  U.S.  Food  Administration 
(multigraphed,  137  pages)  ;  (3)  Statement,  U.S.  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  Regarding  Recommendations  of  Agricultural  Advisory  Com¬ 
mittee  at  Its  Meeting  in  Washington  March  28  to  April  4  (mimeo¬ 
graphed,  May  27,  1918,  44  pages)  ;  (4)  Minutes  of  the  Agricultural 
Advisory  Committee,  August  5-8,  1918  (mimeographed,  17  pages). 


AGRICULTURAL  COMMISSION  TO  EUROPE 

The  Agricultural  Commission  to  Europe  was  appointed  by  the  Secre¬ 
tary  of  Agriculture  in  August,  1918,  to  ascertain  conditions  of  Euro¬ 
pean  agriculture  as  they  had  a  bearing  upon  agriculture  in  the  United 
States  during  the  continuance  of  the  war,  and  also  to  ascertain  the 
outlook  for  agriculture  during  the  period  of  reconstruction.  For  its 
findings  see  Report  of  Agricultural  Commission  to  Europe:  Observations 
Made  by  American  Agriculturists  in  Great  Britain,  France,  and  Italy 
for  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  (Washington,  1919, 
89  pages). 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE" 


The  Department  of  Commerce  dates  its  establishment  as  a  separate 
entity,  for  the  promotion  of  the  commercial  and  industrial  interests 
of  the  United  States,  from  the  act  of  Congress  of  March  4,  1913, 
creating  the  Department  of  Labor ;  but  the  organic  act  under  which 
it  operates  is  that  of  February  14,  1903,  establishing  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Commerce  and  Labor.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  the  De¬ 
partment  was  organized  in  the  following  divisions:  Office  of  the 
Secretary,  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  Bureau  of 
Standards,  Bureau  of  the  Census,  Bureau  of  Fisheries,  Bureau  of 
Lighthouses,  Steamboat  Inspection  Service,  Bureau  of  Navigation, 
Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  SECRETARY 
Functions 

Besides  directing  the  work  of  the  other  divisions  of  the  Depart¬ 
ment  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  was  a  member  of  the  Council  of 
National  Defense  and  of  the  War  Trade  Council,  and  chose  his 
representative  to  serve  as  a  member  of  the  War  Trade  Board.  He 
cooperated  with  the  Commercial  Economy  Board  of  the  Council  of 
National  Defense  in  a  campaign  against  waste  and  subsequently 
organized  the  Waste  Reclamation  Service.  He  joined  with  the  Sec¬ 
retary  of  Labor  in  calling  a  conference  to  provide  for  the  proper 
manning  of  merchant  vessels.  He  established  the  Industrial  Board 
to  stabilize  prices  as  a  means  of  expediting  the  process  of  commer¬ 
cial  readjustment.  He  organized  the  Industrial  Cooperation  Service 
for  the  standardization  of  products,  to  search  for  outlets  for  waste 
products,  to  promote  the  commercial  development  of  new  products, 
and  to  minimize  business  abuses.  An  assistant  to  the  Secretary  in¬ 
vestigated  the  problem  of  inland  water  transportation. 

Publications 

Annual  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce,  1917  (Washington, 
1917,  291  pages).  Measures  for  promoting  foreign  trade;  commercial 

^  The  material  for  this  section  was  assembled  by  Dr.  James  A.  Robertson 
of  the  Department  of  Commerce. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


187 


waste ;  commercial  use  of  the  waterways ;  provision  for  proper  manning 
of  merchant  vessels  ;  review  of  the  work  of  the  divisions. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce^  1918  (Washington, 

1918,  157  pages).  Development  of  waterways;  review  of  the  work  of 
the  divisions. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce,  1919  (Washington, 

1919,  246  pages).  Use  of  motion  pictures  in  industry;  development  of 
waterways;  Industrial  Board;  Industrial  Cooperation  Service.  Waste- 
Reclamation  Service ;  new  fish  food ;  review  of  the  work  of  the  divisions. 

Standardization  in  the  Construction  of  Freight  Ships  (Washington, 
1916, 16  pages).  An  argument  for  standardization  by  a  consulting  engi¬ 
neer. 

Advisory  Conference  on  the  Subject  of  Making  Passenger  Vessels 
More  Secure  from  Destruction  by  Fire,  held  in  the  Office  of  the  Secretary 
of  Commerce  May  3,  1916  (Washington,  1916,  63  pages).  A  discussion 
by  representatives  of  the  shipbuilding  industry. 

Proceedings  of  a  Conference  on  Automatic  Sprinklers  on  Vessels,  held 
in  the  Department  of  Commerce  May  22,  1916  (Washington,  1916,  34 
pages). 

Establishment  of  Load-Line  Regulations.  Proceedings  of  a  confer¬ 
ence  held  in  the  Office  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  September  27, 1916 
(Washington,  1916,  54  pages). 

Inland  Water  Transportation,  by  Walter  Parker  (Washington, 
1917,  11  pages).  A  report  to  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  in  favor  of  in¬ 
land  water  transportation  as  a  war  measure  and  as  essential  to  the  de¬ 
velopment  of  an  adequate  and  economic  system  of  transportation  for  the 
promotion  of  domestic  and  foreign  commerce  after  the  war. 

Inland  Waterway  Terminal  Development,  by  Walter  Parker  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1918,  10  pages).  A  report  to  the  Secretary  of  Commerce. 

Waste  Reclamation:  Organization,  Functions,  and  Objects  of  the  Na¬ 
tional  and  Local  Service  (Washington,  1919,  19  pages). 

Report  of  an  Investigation  of  the  Akron  Industrial  Salvage  Co. 
(Washington,  1919,  20  pages).  Reviews  progress  of  an  experiment  in 
waste  reclamation  dealing  with  the  waste  of  the  home,  the  store,  and  the 
factory. 

Records 

The  unpublished  records  of  the  Secretary’s  Office  consist  of  cor¬ 
respondence  relative  to  administrational  matters,  wide  in  scope  dur¬ 
ing  the  war,  but  treated  as  confidential,  and  of  mimeographed  or 
multigraphed  circulars  to  the  departmental  units  relative  to  the 


188 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


food  conservation  campaign,  Liberty  loan  campaigns,  and  other 
war  activities. 

BUREAU  OF  FOREIGN  AND  DOMESTIC  COMMERCE 
Functions  and  Organization 

The  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  a  consolidation 
of  the  Bureau  of  Manufactures  and  the  Bureau  of  Statistics,  was 
created  by  the  legislative,  executive,  and  judicial  appropriation  act 
of  August  23,  1912,  to  promote  commerce  and  manufacturing  by 
collecting  and  distributing  information  for  the  use  and  benefit  of 
commercial  interests.  During  the  war  the  bureau  gathered  informa¬ 
tion  relative  to  industrial  and  trade  conditions  both  in  the  United 
States  and  in  foreign  countries ;  discharged  functions  for  which  the 
War  Trade  Board  was  subsequently  created;  assisted  the  War 
Trade  Board  in  the  control  of  export  trade  for  the  conservation  of 
the  resources  of  the  country  and  in  preventing  the  enemy  from  ob¬ 
taining  American  supplies;  cooperated  with  the  War  Trade  Board 
and  the  United  States  Shipping  Board  in  the  utdization  of  avail¬ 
able  tonnage  to  the  best  advantage  and  in  procuring  raw  materials 
and  other  supplies  essential  to  the  conduct  of  the  war ;  directed  the 
Tin-Plate  Conservation  Committee  for  the  conservation  of  the  food 
supply  through  preference  in  tin  plate  to  packers  of  perishable 
foods  until  the  perishable  crop  had  been  packed  and  by  measures 
for  increasing  the  supply  of  tin  plate ;  adjusted  dilferences  arising 
between  business  houses  and  government  war  agencies,  and  differ¬ 
ences  arising  from  restriction  on  trade  with  foreign  countries ;  aided 
in  the  reduction  of  freight-car  shortage;  and  obtained  priority  in 
the  manufacture  and  delivery  of  raw  materials,  prior  to  the  crea¬ 
tion  of  the  General  Munitions  Board.  After  the  armistice  was  signed 
the  bureau  supplied  producers  and  exporters  with  information  rela¬ 
tive  to  the  needs  of  people  in  foreign  countries  and  the  best  means 
of  satisfying  them.  The  bureau  operated  in  several  divisions:  Sta¬ 
tistics,  Research,  Foreign  Tariffs,  Trade  Information,  Latin  Ameri¬ 
can,  Far  Eastern,  District  Ofllces,  Foreign  Service,  Export  Li¬ 
censes,  and  Editorial. 

Division  of  Statistics.  From  this  division  statistics  were  obtained 
by  the  War  Trade  Board  for  use  in  licensing  imports  and  exports; 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


189 


by  the  United  States  Food  Administration  for  guidance  in  conserv¬ 
ing  food  and  stimulating  food  production ;  by  the  Bureau  of  Mar¬ 
kets,  Department  of  Agriculture,  to  determine  the  imports  and  ex¬ 
ports  of  agricultural  raw  products ;  by  the  United  States  Shipping 
Board  to  ascertain  the  available  vessel  tonnage,  vessel  movements, 
port  facilities,  imports  and  exports  by  articles,  by  countries,  and  by 
customs  districts.  They  were  used  by  the  Council  of  National  De¬ 
fense,  the  War  Industries  Board,  and  the  United  States  Fuel  Ad¬ 
ministration  in  the  study  of  various  problems.  To  meet  the  demand 
of  the  several  war  organizations  for  more  up-to-date  statistics  than 
those  in  the  monthly  reports  the  division,  in  cooperation  with  the 
Bureau  of  Customs  Statistics  of  the  Treasury  Department  at  New 
York,  issued  confidential  reports  three  times  a  month,  or  for  each 
period  of  ten  days. 

Research  Division.  Compilations  of  the  imports  and  exports  of 
many  commodities  of  various  countries  were  furnished  by  this  divi¬ 
sion  to  special  war  agencies,  regular  government  offices,  trade  organi¬ 
zations,  and  business  concerns.  Instruction  was  given  by  its  staff 
to  employees  of  special  war  agencies  as  to  the  best  method  of  using 
and  interpreting  foreign  statistical  publications.  Information  was 
given  by  letter  and  by  oral  statement  as  to  the  production  and  con¬ 
sumption  of  various  commodities  in  various  countries,  including  the 
United  States.  Statements  were  compiled  relative  to  the  financial, 
economic,  and  commercial  situation  and  development  in  foreign 
countries.  Various  economic  studies  and  surveys  were  made,  and 
some  of  these  were  published.  Such  reconstruction  matters  as  for¬ 
eign  investment  opportunities  were  given  attention. 

Division  of  Foreign  Tariffs.  This  division  reported  on  the  trade 
restrictions  in  belligerent  and  certain  neutral  countries,  prepared  a 
confidential  memorandum  for  the  State  Department  on  a  plan  for 
the  control  of  exports  of  Russian  foodstuffs,  compiled  statements 
for  the  War  Trade  Board  and  the  United  States  Shipping  Board 
on  embargoes  and  import  prohibitions  in  foreign  countries,  ana¬ 
lyzed  the  Brest-Litovsk  Treaty,  and  collected  data  for  use  in  the 
consideration  of  reconstruction  problems. 

Division  of  Trade  Information.  The  Division  of  Trade  Informa¬ 
tion  furnished  information  and  suggestions  as  to  the  sources  of 


190 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


names  of  American  firms,  and  assisted  the  War  Department  in 
arranging  for  that  department  to  use  the  bureau  in  disposing  of 
surplus  war  supplies  and  property.  The  division  also  rendered  as¬ 
sistance  to  American  firms  and  individuals  who  desired  to  locate  do¬ 
mestic  sources  of  merchandise  formerly  imported  from  one  of  the 
Central  Powers. 

Latin  American  Division.  The  general  purpose  of  the  Latin 
American  Division  is  the  promotion  of  United  States  trade  with  all 
countries  and  colonies  south  of  the  United  States,  and  from  the  eco¬ 
nomic  data  which  was  accumulated  in  the  pursuit  of  this  purpose 
was  derived  information  needed  in  numerous  war  activities  involving 
Latin  American  affairs.  Here  was  information  for  the  War  Depart¬ 
ment  relative  to  petroleum  resources,  nitrate,  drug  plants,  castor 
beans,  mahogany,  coconuts,  cohune  nuts,  cinchona  bark,  and  qui¬ 
nine  ;  for  the  Geological  Survey  relative  to  nitrate,  petroleum,  zinc, 
manganese,  platinmn,  coal,  tin,  antimony,  and  tungsten;  for  the 
Food  Administration  relative  to  sisal,  sugar,  bananas,  cereals,  and 
coffee ;  and  for  the  Federal  Reserve  Board  relative  to  the  exchange 
situation  in  Latin  American  countries.  The  division  assisted  the 
Shipping  Board  in  determining  the  extent  to  which  ship  service 
between  the  United  States  and  Latin  America  might  be  curtailed  in 
order  to  supply  tonnage  for  trans- Atlantic  troop  and  munition 
movements,  and  it  advised  the  War  Trade  Board  with  reference  to 
the  granting  of  licenses  for  export  to  South  America. 

Far  Eastern  Division.  This  division  has  jurisdiction  over  eco¬ 
nomic  and  trade  matters  in  China,  Japan,  India,  Siam  and  neigh¬ 
boring  countries,  the  Philippines,  East  Indies,  Straits  Settlements, 
and  Australia.  During  the  war  it  translated  certain  Japanese  docu¬ 
ments  for  the  Bureau  of  War  Trade  Intelligence,  assisted  the  War 
Trade  Board  in  economic  research,  assisted  the  War  Industries 
Board  in  research  relative  to  available  supply  of  rum,  assisted  the 
Shipping  Board  in  procuring  information  relative  to  ship  subsidies 
in  Japan,  and  made  suggestions  as  to  routes  for  trans-Pacific  steam¬ 
ship  ser\dce. 

Division  of  District  Offices.  Besides  the  headquarters  of  tins 
division  in  Washington,  district  offices  were  maintained  in  New 
York,  Boston,  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  New  Orleans,  San  Fran- 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


191 


cisco,  and  Seattle,  and  cooperative  offices  were  maintained  by  the 
chambers  of  commerce  or  other  organizations  in  Philadelphia,  Cin¬ 
cinnati,  Dayton,  Cleveland,  Chattanooga,  Portland,  Ore.,  and  Los 
Angeles,  Prior  to  the  establishment  of  the  War  Trade  Board,  Octo¬ 
ber  12,  1917,  these  offices  constituted  the  principal  agency  of  the 
Exports  Administrative  Board  for  the  administration  of  the  ex- 
ports-control  system,  and  until  the  close  of  the  war  they  assisted 
the  War  Trade  Board,  the  War  Industries  Board,  the  Food  Ad¬ 
ministration,  the  Fuel  Administration,  and  the  Railroad  Adminis¬ 
tration  in  enforcing  restrictive  measures  regarding  trade.  They 
acted  as  intermediaries  in  assisting  business  houses  to  adjust  their 
manufacturing  and  business  operations  to  the  regulations  of  the 
various  departments  of  the  government;  published  and  explained 
war  regulations  both  of  the  United  States  and  of  foreign  countries, 
by  means  of  letters,  conferences,  addresses,  and  press  announce¬ 
ments;  made  special  investigations  in  cases  from  which  difficulties 
arose  in  connection  with  foreign  shipments,  and  settled  or  adjusted 
the  dispute.  During  the  period  of  reconstruction  they  responded  to 
demands  from  American  business  men  for  advice  and  assistance 
relative  to  new  markets  and  placed  foreign  business  men  in  touch 
with  American  merchants. 

Foreign  Service  Division.  Of  foreign  service  there  are  two 
branches:  (a)  that  performed  by  commercial  attaches  and  (b)  that 
performed  by  trade  commissioners  or  special  agents. 

The  (a)  commercial  attaches  centered  their  attention  during  the 
war  on  important  economic  developments,  and  reliable  information 
regarding  Germany  was  at  a  premium.  Besides  serving  the  De¬ 
partment  of  Commerce  they  acted  as  representatives  of  the  War 
Trade  Board,  the  Shipping  Board,  the  War  Industries  Board,  and 
the  Food  Administration,  performed  special  missions  for  other  De¬ 
partments,  and  cooperated  with  representatives  of  the  allied  gov¬ 
ernments.  They  assisted  in  procuring  raw  materials  and  supplies  for 
the  army,  the  navy,  and  essential  industries.  Among  these  materials 
were  optical  glass,  platinum,  manganese,  and  tin.  The  commercial 
attache  in  London  made  a  study  of  the  British  war  organization, 
assisted  in  the  handling  of  Swedish  iron  ore  and  Norwegian  molyb¬ 
denum  contracts,  and  cooperated  with  the  American  Chamber  of 
Commerce  in  London  in  studying  developments  in  the  British  paper 


192 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


manufacturing  industry  and  the  development  of  substances  for 
textiles.  The  commercial  attache  in  Paris  organized  and  operated 
the  American  office  of  the  Inter-Allied  Contingent  Commission, 
aided  in  the  purchase  of  supplies  in  France  for  the  American  forces, 
and  made  reports  on  French  industrial  reconstruction.  The  com¬ 
mercial  attache  at  the  Hague  represented  the  War  Trade  Board  in 
the  Inter-allied  Joint  Council,  aided  the  American  minister  in  carry¬ 
ing  out  the  agreements  that  had  been  made  with  the  Dutch  gov¬ 
ernment,  and  conferred  with  the  Defense  Blockade  Council  in  Paris 
with  reference  to  the  general  and  financial  blockade  administration 
and  the  shipping  of  foodstuffs  to  Germany  under  the  Brussels 
agreement.  The  commercial  attache  in  Copenhagen  acted  as  expert 
adviser  to  the  War  Trade  Board  on  continental  trade,  aided  in  the 
negotiation  of  the  commercial  agreements  made  with  the  Scandi¬ 
navian  countries,  and  furnished  various  confidential  reports  rela¬ 
tive  to  peace  conditions  in  those  countries.  The  commercial  attache 
in  Russia  negotiated  through  the  American  embassy  for  the  release 
of  Russian  commodities  that  were  needed  in  the  United  States.  The 
commercial  attache  in  Japan  paid  special  attention  to  the  cultiva¬ 
tion  of  international  good  will  and  assisted  in  bringing  about  an 
agreement  between  the  Japanese  and  United  States  governments 
whereby  delivery  of  Japanese  ships  was  arranged  in  return  for  ship¬ 
ments  of  steel.  The  commercial  attache  in  Buenos  Aires  had  full 
charge,  for  the  War  Trade  Board,  of  enemy-trading  matters,  sug¬ 
gested  and  assisted  in  the  formation  of  the  Allied  Chamber  of  Com¬ 
merce  of  Buenos  Aires,  and  by  his  reports  to  the  Shipping  Board 
enabled  that  body  to  provide  vessels  vdth  which  to  move  cargoes 
that  were  urgently  needed  in  the  United  States  for  war  purposes. 
The  commercial  attache  at  Lima  acted  as  chairman  of  a  subcom¬ 
mittee  of  the  Allied  Conference  of  Ministers  in  Lima,  a  body  which 
was  formed  at  his  suggestion  to  consider  matters  of  common  war 
interest.  Both  commercial  attaches  in  South  America  were  particu¬ 
larly  active  in  efforts  to  create  a  favorable  atmosphere  toward  the 
United  States  and  the  Allies  and  to  counteract  German  influence. 

Shortly  after  the  United  States  entered  the  war  the  (b)  trade 
commissioners  or  special  agents  abroad  were  instructed  to  give 
particular  attention,  in  addition  to  their  regular  work  of  investi¬ 
gating  foreign  markets,  to  special  features  of  interest  in  connection 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


193 


with  the  government’s  war  program.  They  responded  by  procuring 
information,  conveyed  in  written  reports  or  in  personal  inter\'iews, 
relative  to  the  status  of  foreign  concerns  with  respect  to  enemy 
trade,  foreign  sources  and  market  conditions  of  minerals  and  other 
materials  essential  to  war  industries,  economic  developments  in 
Germany,  German  activities  in  Latin  America,  enemy  propaganda 
in  various  countries,  the  effects  of  the  war  and  the  blockade  on 
conditions  in  Scandinavia,  port  facilities  and  freight  conditions  in 
South  America,  Japanese  mineral  resources,  lumber  supplies  avail¬ 
able  in  Scandinavia,  lumber  trade  in  Russia,  commercial  and  politi¬ 
cal  conditions  in  Finland,  crude  rubber  resources,  railroad  condi¬ 
tions  in  China,  etc. 

Division  of  Export  Licenses.  This  division  was  created  July  9, 
1917,  to  exercise  the  control  over  exports  that  was  vested  in  the 
Secretary  of  Commerce  by  executive  order  of  June  22,  1917.  It 
was  succeeded,  August  21,  1917,  by  the  Exports  Administrative 
Board. 


Publications 

The  bureau  has  put  forth  several  publications  which  tell  of  its 
war-time  operations  or  which  are  essential  to  a  study  both  of  the 
effects  of  the  war  upon  the  foreign  commerce  of  the  United  States 
and  of  the  processes  of  reconstruction.  A  complete  list  of  those  for 
the  war  period  is  contained  in  the  Catalogue  of  Bureau  Publica¬ 
tions.  A  Review  of  Information  Available  to  Manufacturers  and 
Exporters  in  Bulletins  Issued  by  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Do¬ 
mestic  Commerce  (Washington,  1922,  55  pages).  A  select  list 
follows. 


Annual  Reports  and  Trade  Statistics 

Annual  Report  of  the  Chief  of  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Com¬ 
merce  .  .  .  for  the  Fiscal  Year  ended  June  30, 1917  (Washington,  1917, 
77  pages).  Review  of  the  year’s  foreign  trade ;  organization  for  licensing 
exports ;  tin-plate  conservation ;  trade  investigations  by  commercial 
agents ;  war  work  in  the  district  offices. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Chief  of  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Com¬ 
merce  .  .  .  June  30,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  93  pages).  Review  of 
the  year’s  foreign  trade ;  war  work  of  special  agents ;  war  work  of  com- 


194 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


mercial  attaches ;  war  work  in  district  offices ;  preparation  for  promot¬ 
ing  after-war  trade. 

Armual  Report  of  the  Chief  of  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Com¬ 
merce  .  .  .  June  30,  1919  (Washington,  1919,  82  pages).  Review  of 
the  year’s  foreign  trade ;  war-time  activities ;  reconstruction  activities. 

Monthly  Summary  of  Foreign  Commerce  of  the  United  States,  July, 
1916  (Washington,  1916,  92  pages).  The  same  title  for  each  succeeding 
month  to  June,  1920.  These  summaries  exhibit  quantity  and  value  of 
imports  and  exports  by  articles  and  principal  countries. 

Quarterly  Statement  of  Imported  Merchandise  Entered  for  Consump¬ 
tion  m  the  United  States  and  Duties  Collected  thereon  during  the  Quar¬ 
ter  ending  September  30, 1916  (Washington,  1917,  58  pages).  The  same 
title  for  each  succeeding  quarter  to  June  30,  1920.  The  statements  ex¬ 
hibit  either  the  quantity  or  value,  or  both,  of  each  imported  com¬ 
modity. 

Foreign  Commerce  and  Navigation  of  the  United  States  for  the  Year 
ending  Jvme  30,  1916  (Washington,  1917,  950  pages,  15  tables,  and 
commodity  index).  The  same  title  for  each  succeeding  year  to  1920; 
the  calendar  year  is  the  period  covered  after  June  30,  1918. 

Commerce  Reports 

Commerce  Reports,  published  daily  by  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Do¬ 
mestic  Commerce  from  January  2,  1915,  to  August  31,  1921,  and  weekly 
since  September  5,  1921,  are  one  of  the  most  important  sources  of  in¬ 
formation  relative  to  the  effect  of  the  war  on  the  foreign  commerce  of 
the  United  States  and  will  be  useful  in  the  reconstruction  period.  The 
material  relates  to  general  industrial,  economic,  and  financial  condi¬ 
tions,  and  especially  to  tariff  and  foreign  market  conditions  affecting 
the  principal  commodities  exported  from  the  United  States.  It  was  sent 
in  from  all  parts  of  the  world  by  American  consuls,  commercial  at¬ 
taches,  special  foreign  agents,  and  the  bureau’s  district  offices. 

Special  Agent  Series 

This  series  consists  of  monographs  on  special  industries  and  spe¬ 
cial  phases  of  commerce.  They  were  prepared  by  the  special  agents 
abroad  and  by  others.  The  following  numbers  in  the  series,  all  pub¬ 
lished  by  the  Government  Printing  Office,  are  'Ruthin  the  scope  of 
this  survey. 

96.  Dyestuffs  for  American  Textiles  and  Other  Industries,  by  Thomas  H. 
Norton  (1915,  57  pages).  Shows  limited  extent  of  the  domestic  manufacture 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


195 


and  the  general  dependence  upon  foreign-made  dyes.  All  factors  connected 
with  the  creation  of  a  self-contained  independent  American  coal-tar  chemical 
industry  are  given. 

107.  Cotton  Goods  in  China,  by  Ralph  M.  Odell  (1916,  242  pages).  Why 
American  trade  declines ;  American  opportunities,  American  methods  unsatis¬ 
factory. 

110.  By-Products  of  the  Lumber  Industry,  by  H.  K.  Benson  (1916,  68 
pages).  Wood  distillation,  tannin  extract,  wood  pulp. 

111.  Dyestuff  Situation  in  the  United  States,  November,  1915,  by  Thomas 
H.  Norton  (1916,  19  pages). 

112.  Lumber  Markets  of  the  East  Coast  of  South  America,  by  Roger  E. 
Simmons  (1916,  121  pages).  Uses  of  various  woods;  the  import  trade. 

113.  Central  America  as  an  Export  Field,  by  Garrard  Harris  (1916,  229 
pages).  Specific  commercial  openings  in  each  country. 

114.  Navigation  Lams:  Comparative  study  of  principal  features  of  the  lams 
of  the  United  States,  Great  Britain,  Germany,  Normay,  France,  and  Japan, 
by  Grosvenor  S.  Jones  (1916,  190  pages). 

115.  Cotton  Goods  in  the  Straits  Settlements,  by  Ralph  M.  Odell  (1916, 
67  pages). 

116.  Markets  for  Machinery  and  Machine  Tools  in  Argentina,  by  J.  A. 
Massel  (1916,  64  pages).  The  machinery  trade;  absence  of  machinery  manu¬ 
facturing  in  Argentina. 

117.  Lumber  Markets  of  the  West  and  North  Coasts  of  South  America,  by 
Roger  E.  Simmons  (1916,  149  pages). 

118.  Markets  for  Machinery  and  Machine  Tools  in  Peru,  Bolivia,  and  Chili, 
by  J.  A.  Massel  (1916,  88  pages).  Adverse  factors  in  American  trade,  factors 
in  development  of  American  trade. 

119.  Government  Aid  to  American  Shipping,  a  study  of  subsidies,  subven¬ 
tions,  and  other  forms  of  state  aid  in  the  principal  countries  of  the  morld,  by 
Grosvenor  M.  Jones  (1916,  265  pages). 

120.  Cotton  Goods  in  the  Dutch  East  Indies,  by  Ralph  M.  Odell  (1916,  55 
pages).  American  cotton  goods  not  imported,  kinds  of  cotton  goods  imported. 

121.  Artificial  Dyestuffs  used  in  the  United  States,  by  Thomas  H.  Norton 
(1916,  254  pages).  Artificial  colors  manufactured  in  the  United  States, 
classification  of  artificial  dyestuffs  imported  during  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30,  1914. 

122.  Development  of  an  American  Linen  Industry,  by  W.  A.  Graham  Clark 
(1916,  23  pages).  Flax  production  in  the  United  States,  flax  growing  and 
preparation  for  mill,  flax  manufacturing,  linen  bleaching  and  finishing. 


196 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


123.  Cotton  Goods  in  Ceylon,  by  Ralph  M.  Odell  (1916,  39  pages).  Fea¬ 
tures  of  the  market,  cotton  goods  imported  from  the  United  States. 

124.  Cotton  Goods  in  British  India:  Part  I — Madras  Presidency,  by  Ralph 
M.  Odell  (1916,  60  pages). 

125.  Markets  for  Agricultural  Implements  and  Machinery  in  Argentina,  by 
Frank  H.  von  Motz  (1916,  86  pages).  Agricultural  conditions,  details  of  the 
market. 

126.  Textiles  in  Cuba,  by  W.  A.  Tucker  (1917,  56  pages).  Cotton-goods 
market,  woolen-goods  market. 

127.  Cotton  Goods  in  British  India:  Part  II — Bengal  Presidency,  by 
Ralph  M.  OdeU  (1917,  88  pages).  Japanese  and  American  goods,  obstacles 
to  American  trade. 

128.  Electrical  Goods  in  Cuba,  by  Philip  S.  Smith  (1917,  40  pages). 

129.  The  Danish  West  Indies,  Their  resources  and  commercial  importance, 
by  H.  G.  Brock,  Philip  S.  Smith,  and  W.  A.  Tucker  (1917,  68  pages). 

130.  Wearing  Apparel  in  Japan,  by  Stanhope  Sams  (1917,  134  pages). 
American  trade  relations  with  Japan,  necessity  for  meeting  Japanese  tastes. 

131.  South  American  Markets  for  Fresh  Fruits,  by  Walter  Fischer  (1917, 
163  pages).  Fruits  imported  from  the  United  States,  future  of  American 
grapefruit  sales,  general  outlook  for  American  fruits. 

132.  Markets  for  Paper,  Paper  Products,  and  Printing  Machinery  in  Cuba 
and  Panama,  by  Robert  S.  Barrett  (1917,  44  pages). 

133.  Markets  for  Boots  and  Shoes  in  Cuba,  by  Herman  G.  Brock  (1917, 
46  pages).  Popularity  of  American  shoes,  requirements  of  the  Cuban  market. 

134.  Electrical  Goods  in  Porto  Rico,  by  Philip  S.  Smith  (1917,  16  pages). 

135.  Market  for  Boots  and  Shoes  in  Porto  Rico,  by  Herman  G.  Brock 
(1917,  28  pages). 

136.  Pilotage  in  the  United  States:  Summary  of  laws  and  regulations  relat¬ 
ing  to  pilotage  in  the  several  States,  by  Grosvenor  M.  Jones  (1917,  102 
pages). 

137.  Textiles  in  Porto  Rico  and  Jamaica,  by  W.  A.  Tucker  (1917,  31 
pages). 

138.  Cotton  Goods  in  British  India.  Part  III — Burma,  by  Ralph  M.  Odell 
(1917,  52  pages).  General  survey  of  the  market,  prospects  for  American  trade 
in  Burma. 

139.  Markets  for  Construction  Materials  and  Machinery  in  Cuba,  by 
W.  W.  Ewing  (1917,  61  pages). 

140.  Markets  for  Agricultural  Implements  and  Machinery  in  Brazil,  by 
Frank  H.  von  Motz  (1917,  69  pages).  Success  of  American  makers,  American 
prices  satisfactory. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


197 


141.  The  West  Indies  as  an  Export  Field,  by  Garrard  Harris  et  al.  (1917, 
378  pages).  Discusses  the  industrial,  financial,  and  commercial  conditions  on 
each  of  the  islands. 

142.  Markets  for  Agricultural  Implements  and  Machinery  in  Chile  and 
Peru,  hy  Frank  H.  von  Motz  (1917,  48  pages). 

143.  Paper,  Paper  Products,  and  Printing  Machinery  in  Peru,  Bolivia,  and 
Ecuador,  by  Robert  S.  Barrett  (1917,  77  pages). 

144.  Markets  for  Construction  Materials  and  Machinery  in  Venezuela,  by 
W.  W.  Ewing  (1917,  57  pages).  Specific  building  activities,  particular  mate¬ 
rials  and  equipment. 

145.  Markets  for  Boots  and  Shoes  in  Jamaica,  by  Herman  G.  Brock  (1917, 
24  pages). 

146.  Markets  for  Agricultural  Implements  and  Machinery  in  South  Africa, 
by  Juan  Homs  (1917,  231  pages).  South  African  agriculture,  markets  for 
particular  lines  of  equipment,  trade  methods. 

147.  Electrical  Goods  in  New  Zealand,  by  R.  A.  Lundquist  (1917,  47 
pages). 

148.  South  American  Markets  for  Dried  Fruits,  by  Walter  Fischer  (1917, 
35  pages). 

149.  Cotton  Goods  in  British  India:  Part  IV — Bombay  Presidency,  by 
Ralph  M.  Odell  (1917,  132  pages).  Survey  of  cotton-goods  trade,  trade  of 
the  United  States. 

150.  Commercial  Laws  of  Switzerland,  by  Archibald  J.  Wolfe,  supple¬ 
mented  and  revised  by  Robert  P.  Shick  and  Phanor  James  Eder  (1917,  52 
pages). 

151.  Shoe  and  Leather  Trade  in  New  Zealand,  by  C.  E.  Bosworth  (1917, 
31  pages). 

152.  Market  for  Boots  and  Shoes  in  Peru,  by  Herman  G.  Brock  (1917,  89 
pages).  Importance  of  the  Peruvian  market,  position  of  American  goods,  fac¬ 
tors  affecting  American  trade. 

153.  Chilean  Market  for  Paper,  Paper  Products,  and  Printing  Machinery, 
by  Robert  S.  Barrett  (1917,  72  pages). 

154.  Electrical  Goods  in  Ecuador  and  Peru,  by  Philip  S.  Smith  (1917,  51 
pages). 

155.  Electrical  Goods  in  Australia,  by  R.  A.  Lundquist  (1918,  64  pages). 

156.  Railway  Materials,  Equipment  and  Supplies  in  Australia  and  New 
Zealand,hy  Frank  Rhea  (1918,  164  pages). 

157.  Cotton  Goods  in  British  India:  Part  V — Summary  of  Trade;  Part  VI 
— Cotton  Manufacturing,  by  Ralph  M.  Odell  (1918,  57  pages). 


198 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


158.  Textile  Markets  of  Bolivia,  Ecuador,  and  Peru,  by  W.  A,  Tucker 
(1918,  106  pages). 

159.  Shoe  and  Leather  Trade  in  Australia,  by  C.  E.  Bosworth  (1918,  39 
pages). 

160.  Construction  Materials  and  Machinery  in  Colombia,  by  W.  W.  Ewing 
(1918,  75  pages).  Specific  building  activities,  particular  materials  and  equip¬ 
ment,  commercial  practices  and  requirements. 

161.  Shoe  and  Leather  Trade  in  the  Philippine  Islands,  by  C.  E.  Bosworth 
(1918,  23  pages). 

162.  Colombian  Markets  for  American  Furniture,  by  Harold  E.  Everley 
(1918,  34  pages).  Special  factors  influencing  trade,  methods  of  entering  mar¬ 
kets,  market  for  particular  kinds  of  furniture. 

163.  Paper,  Paper  Products,  and  Printing  Machinery  in  Argentina,  Uru¬ 
guay,  and  Paraguay,  by  Robert  S.  Barrett  (1918,  165  pages). 

164.  Textile  Market  of  Chile,  by  W.  A.  Tucker  (1918,  52  pages). 

165.  Tanning  Materials  of  Latin  America,  by  Thomas  H.  Norton  (1918, 
32  pages).  Woods,  barks,  leaves,  roots,  bulbs,  fruits,  and  seeds. 

166.  Agricultural  Implements  and  Machinery  in  Australia  and  Nerv  Zea¬ 
land,  by  Juan  Homs  (1918,  195  pages). 

167.  Electrical  Goods  in  Bolivia  and  Chile,  by  Philip  S.  Smith  (1918,  94 
pages). 

168.  Wearing  Apparel  in  Chile,  by  W.  A.  Tucker  (1918,  76  pages). 

169.  Investments  in  Latin  America  and  the  British  West  Indies,  by  Fred¬ 
eric  M.  Halsey  (1918,  544  pages).  Port  and  harbor  improvements,  railway 
development,  industries,  public  utilities,  government  finances. 

170.  Motor  Vehicles  in  Japan,  China,  and  Harvaii,  by  Tom  O.  Jones  (1918, 
75  pages).  Position  of  the  American  motor  car,  roads. 

171.  Brazilian  Markets  for  Paper,  Paper  Products,  and  Printing  Machin¬ 
ery,  by  Robert  S.  Barrett  (1918,  77  pages). 

172.  Electrical  Goods  in  China,  Japan,  and  Vladivostok,  by  R.  A.  Lund- 
quist  (1918,  197  pages). 

173.  Shoe  and  Leather  Trade  of  China  and  Japan,  by  C.  E.  Bosworth 
(1918,  37  pages). 

174.  Markets  for  Boots  and  Shoes  in  Chile  and  Bolivia,  by  Herman  G. 
Brock  (1918,  192  pages).  Position  of  American  goods,  methods  open  to 
American  manufacturers,  needs  for  better  grades  of  footwear. 

176.  Construction  Materials  and  Machinery  in  Chile,  Peru,  and  Ecuador, 
by  W.  W.  Ewing  (1919,  205  pages).  Specific  building  activities,  particular 
materials  and  equipment. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


199 


176.  Furniture  Markets  of  Chile,  Peru,  Bolivia,  and  Ecuador,  by  Harold 
E.  Everley  (1919,  165  pages).  Market  for  partieular  kinds  of  furniture,  trade 
methods. 

177.  Boots  and  Shoes,  Leather  and  Supplies  in  Argentina,  Uruguay,  and 
Paraguay,  by  Herman  G.  Broek  (1919,  182  pages).  Requirements  of  the  mar¬ 
ket,  conduct  of  trade. 

179.  Boots  and  Shoes,  Leather,  and  Supplies  in  Brazil,  by  Herman  G. 
Brock  (1919,  69  pages). 

180.  Far  Eastern  Markets  for  Railway  Materials,  Equipment  and  Sup¬ 
plies,  by  Frank  Rhea  (1919,  339  pages).  Markets  in  China,  Japan,  Korea, 
Manchuria,  and  the  Philippine  Islands. 

181.  Jewelry  and  Silverware  in  Cuba,  by  S.  W.  Rosenthal  (1919,  78 
pages).  Charaeter  of  the  trade,  American  opportunity. 

182.  The  Lumber  Market  in  Italy  and  Reconstruction  Requirements,  by 
Nelson  Courtlandt  Brown  (1919,  184  pages).  Foreign  lumber  requirements, 
special  features  affecting  imports  of  lumber,  opportunities  for  developing 
trade  in  American  lumber. 

183.  Furniture  Markets  of  Argentina,  Uruguay,  Paraguay,  and  Brazil,  by 
Harold  E.  Everley  (1919,  165  pages). 

184.  Electrical  Goods  in  Argentina,  Uruguay,  and  Brazil,  by  Philip  S. 
Smith  (1919,  133  pages). 

186.  Chinese  Currency  and  Finance,  by  A.  W.  Ferrin  (1919,  57  pages). 

187.  Jewelry  and  Silverware  in  Chile,  Bolivia,  and  Peru,  by  S.  W.  Rosen¬ 
thal  (1919,  115  pages).  The  market  and  its  opportunities. 

188.  Construction  Materials  and  Machinery  in  Argentina  and  Bolivia,  by 
W.  W.  Ewing  (1920,  192  pages). 

189.  Construction  Materials  and  Machinery  in  Uruguay,  by  W.  W.  Ewing 
(1920,  69  pages). 

191.  Farm  Implements  and  Machinery  in  France  and  North  Africa,  by 
H.  Lawrence  Groves  (1920,  36  pages). 

192.  Construction  Materials  and  Machinery  in  Brazil,  by  W.  W.  Ewing 
(1920,  96  pages). 

193.  British  Industrial  Reconstruction  and  Commercial  Policies,  by  Fred 
W.  Powell  (1920,  88  pages).  Effeets  of  the  war,  raw  materials,  power,  quan¬ 
tity  production,  and  standardization. 

Miscellaneous  Series 

The  publications  of  this  series  are  monographs  dealing  with 
various  commercial  subjects  relating  to  foreign  and  domestic  trade. 


200 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


They  were  prepared  in  the  bureau  or  by  its  representatives  in  the 
United  States  and  foreign  countries.  Particular  attention  is  directed 
to  the  following,  all  of  which  were  published  by  the  Government 
Printing  Office. 

33.  Ports  of  the  United  States:  Report  on  terminal  facilities,  commerce, 
port  charges,  and  administration  at  sixty-eight  selected  ports,  by  Grosvenor 
M.  Jones  (1916,  431  pages). 

34.  The  Men’s  Factory-Made  Clothing  Industry:  Report  on  the  cost  of 
production  of  men’s  factory-made  clothing  in  the  United  States  (1916,  300 
pages). 

35.  Export  Trade  Suggestions  (1916,  141  pages).  Extracts  from  reports 
of  American  consular  officers  and  data  from  other  sources  dealing  with  the 
promotion  of  American  trade. 

36.  The  Shirt  and  Collar  Industries :  Report  on  the  cost  of  production  of 
men’s  shirts  and  collars  in  the  United  States  (1916,  178  pages). 

37.  The  Cotton-Spinning  Machinery  Industry:  Report  on  the  cost  of  pro¬ 
duction  of  cotton-spinning  machinery  in  the  United  States  (1916,  99  pages). 

39.  Peruvian  Markets  for  American  Hardrvare,  prepared  under  the  super¬ 
vision  of  the  commercial  attache  at  Lima  (1916,  64  pages).  Part  I,  general 
review  of  conditions;  part  II,  markets  for  particular  lines  of  hardware. 

40.  Consumption  Estimates  (1916,  12  pages).  Statistical  tables  showing 
production,  imports,  exports,  and  amounts  available  for  consumption  each 
year  from  1865  to  1915,  of  corn,  wheat,  cotton,  sugar,  coffee,  tea,  liquors, 
wines,  wool,  coke,  coal,  iron,  steel,  tin,  pulp-wood,  and  flaxseed. 

41.  Markets  for  American  Hardware  in  Chile  and  Bolivia,  by  Verne  L. 
Havens  (1916,  190  pages). 

42.  Australian  Markets  for  American  Hardware,  by  William  C.  Downs 
(1916,  105  pages). 

43.  Markets  for  American  Hardware  in  Argentina,  Uruguay,  and  Para¬ 
guay,  prepared  under  the  supervision  of  the  commercial  attache  at  Buenos 
Aires. 

44.  Trans-Pacific  Shipping,  by  Julean  Arnold  and  M.  D.  Kirjassoff  (1916, 
30  pages).  Deals  with  Pacific  shipping  as  it  was  affected  by  the  war  with 
special  reference  to  the  growth  of  Japanese  merchant  marine. 

46.  Russian  Market  for  American  Hardware,  by  Henry  D.  Baker  (1916, 
111  pages). 

47.  Brazilian  Markets  for  American  Hardware,  prepared  under  the  super¬ 
vision  of  the  commercial  attache  at  Rio  de  Janeiro  (1916,  89  pages). 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


201 


48.  Markets  for  American  Hardware  in  Germany,  the  Netherlands,  and 
Scandinavia,  by  Erwin  W,  Thompson  (1917,  126  pages). 

49.  Markets  for  American  Hardware  in  France,  Algeria,  and  Morocco,  pre¬ 
pared  under  the  supervision  of  the  commercial  attache  at  Paris  (1917,  61 
pages). 

50.  Far  Eastern  Markets  for  American  Hardware,  prepared  under  the  su¬ 
pervision  of  the  commercial  attache  at  Peking  (1917,  145  pages). 

51.  Lumber  Markets  of  the  Mediterranean  Region  and  the  Near  East,  by 
Raphael  Zon  (1917,  31  pages). 

52.  Wholesale  Prices  of  Leading  Articles  in  United  States  Markets,  Janu¬ 
ary,  1914,  to  December,  1916  (1917,  14  pages). 

53.  The  Cane  Sugar  Industry :  Agricultural,  manufacturing,  and  marketing 
costs  in  Hawaii,  Porto  Rico,  Louisiana,  and  Cuba  (1917,  462  pages). 

54.  Canned  Goods:  Modern  processes  of  canning  in  the  United  States,  gen¬ 
eral  system  of  grading,  and  description  of  products  available  for  export,  by 
A.  W.  Bitting  with  the  cooperation  of  the  National  Canners’  Association 
(1917,  79  pages). 

55.  Markets  for  American  Hardware  in  Italy,  Spain,  and  Portugal,  pre¬ 
pared  under  the  supervision  of  the  commercial  attache  at  Paris  (1917,  109 
pages). 

66.  Consumption  Estimates  (1917,  12  pages),  cf.  no.  40,  above. 

67.  German  Foreign-Trade  Organization,  by  Chauncey  Depew  Snow 
(1917,  182  pages).  Merchant  shipping,  government  assistance  to  foreign 
trade,  private  and  semipublic  trade  associations,  study  and  cultivation  of 
foreign  trade  and  foreign  markets. 

68.  International  Trade  and  Merchandising  Methods,  by  Edward  Ewing 
Pratt  (1917,  19  pages). 

59.  Methods  of  Computing  Values  in  Foreign  Trade  Statistics,  by  J.  J. 
Krai  (1917,  23  pages). 

60.  The  Glass  Industry:  Report  on  the  cost  of  production  of  glass  in  the 
United  States  (1917,  430  pages). 

61.  Commercial  Organizations  of  the  United  States  (1917,  116  pages).  A 
list  giving  the  address  of  the  secretary  of  each  organization,  number  of  mem¬ 
bers,  annual  income,  and  date  of  annual  meeting. 

62.  Argentine  Markets  for  Motor  Vehicles,  by  David  Beecroft  (1917,  27 
pages). 

63.  Trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  World,  1916-1917  (1918).  Part  I, 
imports  of  merchandise  into  the  United  States  by  countries  and  principal  arti¬ 
cles  (112  pages)  ;  part  II,  exports  (317  pages). 


202 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


64.  Wholesale  Prices  of  Leading  Articles  in  United  States  Market,  Janu¬ 
ary,  1916,  to  December,  1917  (1918,  14  pages). 

65.  German  Trade  and  the  War:  Commercial  and  industrial  conditions  in 
war  time  and  the  future  outlook,  by  Chauncey  Depew  Snow  and  J.  J.  Krai 
(1918,  236  pages). 

66.  Furniture  Imports  of  Foreign  Countries :  Quantities,  values,  and 
sources  of  furniture  imported  by  countries  whose  transactions  exceeded  $500,- 
000  in  value,  1913  and  1918,  by  Edward  Whitney  (1918,  31  pages). 

67.  The  Export  Lumber  Trade  of  the  United  States,  by  Edward  Ewing 
Pratt  (1918,  117  pages).  Defects  of  present  system  of  marketing  lumber 
abroad ;  development  of  the  export  lumber  trade. 

68.  Wearing  Apparel  in  Argentina,  by  Lew  B.  Clark  (1918,  158  pages). 

69.  Wearing  Apparel  in  Bolivia,  by  William  Montavon  (1918,  84  pages). 

70.  The  Conduct  of  Business  with  China  (1919,  47  pages).  Deals  pri¬ 
marily  with  the  methods  by  which  business  with  China  is  best  carried  on. 

71.  Wearing  Apparel  in  Brazil,  by  William  C.  Downs  (1918,  64  pages). 

72.  Consumption  Estimates  (1918,  14  pages). 

73.  Economic  Reconstruction  (1918,  74  pages).  An  analysis  of  main 
tendencies  in  the  principal  belligerent  countries  of  Europe  with  statistics  of 
production,  consumption,  and  trade  in  important  foodstuffs  and  industrial 
raw  materials. 

74.  Wearing  Apparel  in  Peru,  by  William  Montavon  (1918,  64  pages). 

76.  International  Trade  in  Footwear  other  than  Rubber,  by  Edward  Whit¬ 
ney  (1919,  93  pages).  Import  statistics  of  boots  and  shoes  for  countries  whose 
imports  exceeded  $300,000  in  value  and  export  statistics  of  countries  whose 
exports  exceeded  $3,000,000  in  value,  1908  and  1913. 

77.  Statistics  of  Austro-Hungarian  Trade,  1909  to  1913,  by  J.  J.  Krai 
(1919,  64  pages). 

78.  Trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  World,  1917-1918  (1919)  :  Part  I, 
imports  of  merchandise  into  the  United  States  by  countries  and  principal  ar¬ 
ticles  (112  pages);  part  II,  exports  (346  pages). 

79.  International  Trade  in  Cement,  by  Edward  Whitney  (1919,  76  pages). 
Statistics  of  exports  and  imports  for  1908,  1913,  and  the  latest  available 
year. 

80.  Wholesale  Prices  of  Leading  Articles  in  United  States  Markets,  Janu¬ 
ary,  1917,  to  December,  1918  (1919,  14  pages). 

81.  Selling  in  Foreign  Markets,  by  Guy  Edward  Snider  (1919,  638  pages). 
Selections  from  published  statements  of  business  men  and  reports  of  experts 
on  methods  employed  in  export  trade. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


203 


82.  Chemicals  and  Allied  Products  Used  in  the  United  States,  compiled  by 
E.  R.  Pickrell  (1919,  194  pages).  Imports  by  quantities,  values,  and  coun¬ 
tries  of  origin  during  the  fiscal  year  1913-1914  and  statistics  of  domestic 
production. 

86.  Brazil:  A  study  of  economic  conditions  since  191S,  by  Arthur  H.  Red- 
field  and  Helen  Watkins  (1920,  99  pages). 

88.  The  Economic  Position  of  Argentina  during  the  War,  by  L.  Brewster 
Smith,  Harry  T.  Collins,  and  Elizabeth  Murphy  (1920,  140  pages). 

90.  The  Economic  Position  of  Switzerland  during  the  War,  by  Louis  A. 
Rufener  (1919,  88  pages). 

91.  Economic  Aspects  of  the  Commerce  and  Industry  of  the  Netherlands, 
1912-1918 ,  by  Blaine  F.  Moore  (1919,  109  pages). 

92.  Stowage  of  Ship  Cargoes,  by  Thomas  Rothwell  Taylor  (1920).  Stow¬ 
ing  to  secure  maximum  weight  and  volume ;  stowing  to  secure  maximum  speed 
and  minimum  cost. 

95.  Consumption  Estimates  (1919,  14  pages). 

96.  The  Economic  Position  of  the  United  Kingdom,  1912-1918,  by  William 
A.  Paton  (1919,  160  pages). 

97.  Training  for  Foreign  Trade,  by  R.  S.  MacElwee  and  F.  G.  Nichols 
(1919,  195  pages). 

98.  Training  for  the  Steamship  Business,  by  R.  S.  MacElwee  (1920,  49 
pages). 

106.  Trade  of  the  United  States  with  the  World,  1918-1919  (1920):  Part 
I,  imports  of  merchandise  into  the  United  States  by  countries  and  principal 
articles  (103  pages)  ;  part  II,  exports  (456  pages). 

No  number.  Saving  of  Waste  Paper  Material  (1916,  8  pages). 

No  number.  Substitutes  for  Tin  Cans  (1917,  4  pages). 

Tariff  Series 

32.  Import  Duties  on  Textiles  in  South  America:  Part  I,  Argentina  (1916, 
34  pages). 

34.  Tariff  Systems  of  South  American  Countries  (1916,  308  pages). 

35.  Commercial  Travellers  in  Latin  America  (1916,  42  pages). 


Records 

The  bureau  maintains  a  central  correspondence  file  in  which  are 
preserved  all  incoming  letters,  carbons  of  replies  thereto,  carbons 


204 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


of  letters  originating  in  the  bureau,  and  some  economic  reports.  The 
material  is  indexed  but  is  regarded  as  confidential. 

Each  division  maintains  its  own  file,  where,  in  addition  to  car¬ 
bons  of  its  most  important  outgoing  letters,  are  preserved  reports 
and  clippings.  There  is  a  file  of  consular  reports  in  the  Editorial 
Division,  and  a  file  of  reports  of  foreign  representatives  in  the  For¬ 
eign  Service  Division.  In  the  regional  divisions  the  reports  of  con¬ 
suls  and  bureau  representatives  are  supplemented  by  reports  and 
statistics  from  other  sources,  and  by  cHppings  from  foreign  and 
domestic  periodicals.  Here,  too,  are  some  economic  studies  of  for¬ 
eign  countries,  by  the  Military  Intelligence  Division  and  by  the 
War  Trade  Board.  The  foreign-tarilfs  file  in  the  Division  of  For¬ 
eign  Tariffs,  is  the  most  complete  in  the  United  States. 

The  mimeographed  and  multigraphed  material  of  the  war  period 
consists  of  preliminary  statistical  reports  showing  the  trade  of  the 
United  States  with  foreign  countries,  commodity  bulletins,  special 
and  confidential  circulars,  and  press  releases.  A  few  titles  will  show 
the  character  of  the  more  important  of  the  reports : 

Chinese  Market  for  American  Machinery.  Far  Eastern  Division.  October 
5,  1918. 

Indian  Industries  and  American  Trade.  Far  Eastern  Division.  November 
2,1918. 

The  War  and  Brazilian  Foodstuffs.  Latin  American  Division.  October  31, 
1918. 

The  War  and  Chilean  Foodstuffs.  Latin  American  Division.  November  7, 
1918. 


BUREAU  OF  STANDARDS 

The  Bureau  of  Standards  had  its  genesis  in  a  Senate  resolution 
of  May  29,  1830,  which  directed  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to 
have  an  examination  made  of  the  weights  and  measures  in  use  at 
the  principal  customhouses.  It  was  formally  established  in  the 
Treasury  Department  by  act  of  Congress  of  March  3,  1901,  was 
transferred  to  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor  July  1, 
1903,  and  has  been  a  bureau  of  the  Department  of  Commerce  since 
the  separate  establishment  of  the  Department  of  Labor  in  1913. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE  205 

Functions 

The  bureau  is  charged  with  the  custody  of  the  standards  of 
measurement,  constants,  quality,  performance,  and  practice,  involv¬ 
ing  their  care  and  preservation  and  the  varied  researches  necessary 
to  maintain  their  constancy ;  the  comparison  of  the  standards  used 
in  scientific  investigations,  engineering,  manufacturing,  commerce, 
and  educational  institutions,  with  the  standards  adopted  or  recog¬ 
nized  by  the  government;  the  construction,  when  necessary,  of 
standards,  their  multiples  and  subdivision ;  the  testing  and  calibra¬ 
tion  of  standard  measuring  apparatus;  the  solution  of  problems 
arising  in  connection  with  standards ;  the  determination  of  physical 
constants  and  properties  of  materials,  when  such  data  are  of  great 
importance  to  scientific  or  manufacturing  interests,  and  are  not  to 
be  obtained  of  sufficient  accuracy  elsewhere ;  and  such  other  investi¬ 
gations  as  are  authorized  or  directed  by  Congress. 

Organization 

For  the  discharge  of  its  scientific  and  technical  functions  the 
bureau  is  organized  in  the  following  divisions: 

Division  of  Weights  and  Measures,  in  charge  of  matters  per¬ 
taining  to  standards  of  length,  mass,  time,  and  density,  whether 
they  arise  in  connection  wuth  the  precision  standards  used  in  scien¬ 
tific  investigation,  the  master  standards  of  manufacturers,  or  the 
ordinary  weights  and  measures  of  trade. 

Electrical  Division,  in  charge  of  electrical  problems,  whether  in 
connection  with  electrical  standards  of  measurement,  electrical  con¬ 
stants,  the  electrical  proportion  of  materials,  or  the  performance 
of  electrical  equipment. 

Division  of  Heat  and  Thermometry,  in  charge  of  heat  stand¬ 
ards,  the  testing  of  heat  measuring  apparatus,  the  determination 
of  heat  constants,  and  investigations  pertaining  to  quality  or  per¬ 
formance  where  heat  measurement  is  the  essential  and  predominat¬ 
ing  factor. 

Optical  Division,  in  charge  of  work  involving  spectroscopy,  po- 
larimetry,  color  measurement,  principles  of  optical  instruments,  and 
the  measurement  of  the  optical  properties  of  materials. 


206 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Chemical  Division,  in  charge  of  chemical  standards  and  ques¬ 
tions  arising  in  connection  with  chemical  work  generally,  especially 
in  the  industries. 

Division  of  Engineering  Physics,  in  charge  of  investigations  re¬ 
lating  to  mechanics,  sound,  and  the  properties  of  matter,  the  testing 
and  development  of  engineering  instruments,  experimental  develop¬ 
ment  and  testing  of  aeronautic  instruments,  and  aerodynamical 
testing  and  research. 

Structural  Engineering  and  Miscellaneous  Materials  Division, 
in  charge  of  the  investigation,  testing,  and  preparation  of  specifi¬ 
cations  for  miscellaneous  materials,  such  as  the  metals  and  their  al¬ 
loys,  stone,  cement,  concrete,  Hme,  clay  products,  paints,  oils,  paper, 
textiles,  and  rubber. 

Metallurgical  Division,  dealing  with  questions  pertaining  to  the 
manufacture,  specifications,  testing,  and  use  of  the  metals  and  their 
alloys. 

Division  of  Ceramics,  concerned  with  problems  in  connection 
with  clays  and  clay  products,  glass  manufacture,  refractory  mate¬ 
rials,  and  vitreous  enameled  ware. 

War  Worh 

Ordinarily  the  Bureau  of  Standards  occupies  a  position  with 
respect  to  the  manufacturing  interests  of  the  country  analogous  to 
the  position  which  the  bureaus  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
occupy  with  respect  to  the  agricultural  interests.  During  the  period 
of  hostilities  the  bureau  devoted  its  time  and  energy  primarily  to 
military  problems,  yet  never  before  had  the  industries  called  upon 
it  to  such  an  extent  for  advice  and  scientific  data  as  they  did  during 
the  war.  Many  questions  arose  out  of  the  manufacture  of  equipment 
and  material  of  a  military  nature,  and  requests  for  advice  and  as¬ 
sistance  came  from  manufacturers,  from  the  War  Industries  Board, 
and  from  various  commissions  having  to  do  vuth  the  production  and 
commercial  aspects  of  the  war.  The  bureau  cooperated  mth  such 
organizations  as  the  Aircraft  Board,  Emergency  Fleet  Corpora¬ 
tion,  National  Research  Council,  War  Industries  Board,  United 
States  Railroad  Administration,  American  Red  Cross,  Construc¬ 
tion  Division  of  the  War  Department,  Engineer  Corps,  Motor 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


207 


Transport  Corps,  Quartermaster  Corps,  Signal  Corps,  Ordnance 
Department,  and  several  bureaus  of  the  Navy  Department  in  se¬ 
lecting  from  the  great  mass  of  ideas  submitted,  those  which  ap¬ 
peared  to  possess  actual  value.  The  war  brought  about  a  rapid 
and  intensive  application  of  the  results  of  scientific  research  and  a 
study  of  the  effect  of  this  upon  the  industries  of  the  country  may 
well  begin  with  a  surve}’^  of  the  war  work  of  the  Bureau  of  Stand¬ 
ards.  This  feU  into  two  categories,  (1)  the  conduct  of  investiga¬ 
tions  and  experiments,  and  (2)  the  supply  of  information. 

Investigations  and  experiments  were  made  by  the  bureau  alone 
or  in  cooperation  with  the  army  and  navy,  other  branches  of  the 
government,  or  private  concerns,  relative  to  the  following  subjects: 
aeronautic  instruments,  aeronautic  power  plants,  aircraft  construc¬ 
tion,  aircraft  materials,  airplane  dopes,  balloon  gases,  calibration 
of  testing  machines,  chemical  investigations,  chromatic  camouflage 
and  chromatically  concealed  insignia,  coke  ovens,  concrete  and  ce¬ 
ment,  concrete  ships,  electric  batteries,  electric  blasting  appara¬ 
tus,  electric  tractors  and  trucks,  electrical  inductance  method  for 
location  of  metal  bodies,  gages,  illuminating  engineering,  inks  and 
ink  powders,  invisible  signaling,  invisible  writing  and  the  means  for 
its  detection,  leather,  magnetism,  manila  rope,  medical  supplies, 
metallurgy,  physical  tests  of  metals  and  metal  structures,  natural 
gas,  optical  glass  and  optical  instruments,  ordnance,  paper,  photog¬ 
raphy,  protective  coatings,  radio  communication,  radiometry, 
radium,  rubber,  safety  standards  for  military  industrial  establish¬ 
ments,  searchlights,  sound-ranging  apparatus,  sound  transmitted 
through  the  earth,  submarine  detection,  telephone  problems,  tex¬ 
tiles,  timepieces,  toluol  recovery,  wheels  (artillery,  truck,  and  air¬ 
plane),  and  X-rays. 

The  information  furnished  was  of  three  types  according  to 
whether  it  was  intended  for  (1)  the  bureau’s  ovti  staff  and  its  co¬ 
operating  organizations,  for  (2)  other  scientific  and  technologic 
workers,  or  for  (3)  general  dissemination.  In  every  line  of  investi¬ 
gation  experiments  were  followed  up  by  the  information  service, 
which  employed  the  most  convenient  or  suitable  mode  of  communi¬ 
cating  their  results — by  direct  conference,  by  memorandum,  by  let¬ 
ter,  by  mimeographed  material,  or  by  printed  report.  Some  of  the 
results  of  experiments  are  regarded  as  confidential. 


208  OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

Publications 

The  publications  of  the  bureau,  issued  by  the  Government  Print¬ 
ing  Office,  consist  of  scientific  papers,  technologic  papers,  circulars, 
and  miscellaneous  publications.  A  descriptive  list  of  all  except  the 
annual  reports  is  contained  in  Circular  No.  24  (6th  ed.),  entitled. 
Publications  of  the  Bureau  of  Standards  (1922,  182  pages).  Par¬ 
ticular  attention  is  directed  to  the  following : 

Miscellaneous 

46.  War  Work  of  the  Bureau  of  Standards  (1921,  299  pages).  De¬ 
scribes  the  war-time  investigations  “which  seem  most  likely  to  result  in 
permanent  benefit  not  only  to  the  military  departments,  but  also  to  the 
industries  and  public.” 

38.  Annual  Report  of  the  Director  Bureau  of  Standards  to  the  Secre¬ 
tary  of  Commerce  for  the  Fiscal  Year  ended  June  30,  1918  (1918,  206 
pages).  Relation  of  the  bureau’s  work  to  the  public,  to  the  government 
service,  to  work  for  military  purposes  in  connection  with  weights  and 
measures,  to  optical  glass,  to  durability  of  concrete  in  sea  water,  etc. 

40.  Annual  Report  of  the  Director  Bureau  of  Standards  .  .  .  June 
30,  1919  (1919,  293  pages).  Relation  of  the  bureau’s  work  to  the  pub¬ 
lic,  to  industries,  to  the  government,  and  to  the  military  services  during 
the  war. 

21.  Metric  Manual  for  Soldiers  (1918,  16  pages). 

Scientific  Papers 

318.  The  Application  of  Dicyanin  to  the  Photography  of  Stellar  Spectra, 
by  Paul  W.  Merrill  (1918,  19  pages). 

319.  Instruments  and  Methods  used  in  Radiometry :  III,  the  photoelectric 
cell  and  other  selective  radiometers,  by  W.  W.  Coblentz  (1918,  30  pages). 
Deals  with  the  application  of  certain  physical  and  chemical  properties  of 
matter  as  a  means  of  quantitatively  measuring  radiant  energy. 

326.  Electrical  Oscillations  in  Antennas  and  Inductance  Coils,  by  John  M. 
Miller  (1918,  20  pages).  An  application  of  the  theory  of  circuits  with  uni¬ 
formly  distributed  inductance  and  capacity  to  the  oscillations  in  antennas  and 
induction  coils. 

333.  Optical  Conditions  accompanying  the  Striae  which  appear  as  Imper¬ 
fections  in  Optical  Glass,  by  A.  A.  Michelson  (1919,  5  pages). 

334.  New  Forms  of  Instruments  for  showing  the  Presence  and  Amount  of 
Combustible  Gas  in  the  Air,  by  E.  E.  Weaver  and  E.  E.  Weibel. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


209 


337-  Constitution  and  Metallography  of  Aluminum  and  its  Light  Alloys 
with  Copper  and  Magnesium,  by  P.  D.  Merica,  R.  G.  Waltenberg,  and  J.  R. 
Freeman  (1919,  14  pages). 

338.  Some  Optical  and  Photoelectric  Properties  of  Molybdenite,  by  W.  W. 
Coblentz  and  H.  Kahler  (1919,  30  pages). 

341.  Airplane  Antenna  Constants,  by  J.  M.  Cork  (1919,  15  pages). 

342.  Reflecting  Power  of  Stellite  and  Lacquered  Silver,  by  W.  W.  Coblentz 
and  H.  Kahler  (1919,  3  pages). 

343.  Location  of  Flaws  in  Rifle-Barrel  Steel  by  Magnetic  Analysis,  by 
Raymond  L.  Sanford  and  William  B.  Kouwenhoven  (1919,  12  pages). 

347.  Heat  Treatment  of  Duralumin,  by  P.  D.  Merica,  R.  G.  Waltenberg, 
and  H.  Scott  (1919,  46  pages). 

363.  Preparation  and  Reflective  Properties  of  some  Alloys  of  Aluminum 
with  Magnesium  and  with  Zinc,  by  R.  G.  Waltenberg  and  W.  W.  Coblentz 
(1920, 6  pages). 


Technologic  Papers 

93.  Glasses  for  Protecting  Eyes  from  Injurious  Radiation,  by  W.  W.  Cob¬ 
lentz  and  W.  B.  Emerson  (2nd  ed.,  1918,  25  pages). 

117.  Toluol  Recovery,  by  R.  S.  McBride,  C.  E.  Reinicker,  and  W.  A. 
Dunkley  (1918,  60  pages). 

119.  Ultra-Violet  and  Visible  Transmission  of  Eye-Protective  Glasses,  by 
K.  S.  Gibson  and  H.  J.  McNicholas  (1918,  60  pages). 

125.  Viscosity  of  Gasoline,  by  Winslow  H.  Herschel  (1919,  18  pages). 

132.  Mechanical  Properties  and  Resistance  to  Corrosion  of  Rolled  Light 
Alloys  of  Aluminum  and  Magnesium  with  Copper,  with  Nickel,  and  with  Man¬ 
ganese,  by  P.  D.  Merica,  R.  G.  Waltenberg,  and  A.  N.  Finn  (1919,  11 
pages). 

137.  Coking  of  Illinois  Coal  in  Koppers  Type  Oven,  by  R.  S.  McBride  and 
W.  A.  Selvig  (1919,  51  pages).  A  report  of  a  test  which  demonstrated  that 
some  Illinois  coals  can  be  coked  in  Koppers  type  oven  without  radical  change 
in  operating  methods  for  producing  coke  for  use  in  blast  furnaces. 

139.  Some  Tests  of  Light  Aluminum  Casting  Alloys:  the  effect  of  heat 
treatment,  by  P.  D.  Merica  and  C.  P.  Karr  (1919,  31  pages). 

143.  A  Study  of  the  Deterioration  of  Nickel  Spark-Plug  Electrodes  in 
Service,  by  Henry  S.  Rawdon  and  A.  I.  Krynitsky  (1920,  16  pages). 

144.  Properties  of  American  Bond  Clays  and  their  use  in  Graphite  Cruci¬ 
bles  and  Glass  Pots,  by  A.  V.  Bleininger  (1920,  52  pages). 


210 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


145.  Direct  Determination  of  India  Rubber  by  the  Nitrosite  Method,  by 
John  B.  Tuttle  and  Louis  Yurow  (1919,  16  pages). 

147.  An  Apparatus  for  Measuring  the  Relative  Wear  of  Sole  Leathers,  and 
the  results  obtained  with  leather  from  the  different  parts  of  a  hide,  by  R.  W. 
Hart  and  R.  C.  Bowker  (1919,  10  pages). 

160.  Physical  Tests  of  Motor  Truck  Wheels,  by  Charles  P.  Hoffman 
(1920,  61  pages). 

161.  Load  Strain-Gage  Test  of  150-Ton  Floating  Crane  for  Bureau  of 
Yards  and  Docks,  U.S.  Navy  Department,  by  Louis  J.  Larson  and  Richard  L. 
Templin  (1920,  34  pages). 

152.  Investigation  of  Compressive  Strength  of  Spruce  Struts  of  Rectangu¬ 
lar  Cross  Section  and  Derivation  of  Formulas  Suitable  for  use  in  Airplane  De¬ 
sign  (1920,  43  pages). 

176.  Slushing  Oils,  by  Percy  H.  Walker  and  Lawrence  L.  Steele  (1920, 
23  pages). 

182.  Effect  of  Repeated  Reversal  of  Stress  on  Double  Reinforced  Concrete 
Beams,  by  W.  A.  Slater,  G.  A.  Smith,  and  H.  P.  Mueller  (1920,  61  pages). 

ClRCtri,AES 

27.  The  Testing  and  Properties  of  Optical  Instruments  (2nd  ed.,  1918,  41 
pages). 

68.  Public  Utility  Service  Standards  of  Quality  and  Safety.  (1917,  8 
pages).  Standards  for  electric  service,  standards  for  gas  service,  standard 
methods  of  gas  testing,  national  electrical  safety  code,  electrolysis  mitiga¬ 
tion. 

69.  Paint  and  Varnish  (1917,  85  pages).  Information  compiled  for  those 
interested  in  the  use  of  paint  and  varnish. 

74.  Radio  Instruments  and  Measurements  (1918,  330  pages).  Covers  the 
fundamental  theory  of  radio  and  the  more  important  instruments,  measure¬ 
ments,  and  formulas  employed  in  radio  work  performed  in  the  laboratories 
of  the  Bureau  of  Standards. 

75.  Safety  for  the  Household  (1918,  127  pages).  Describes  the  seriousness 
of  household  hazards  from  fire,  gas,  electricity,  and  lightning,  the  nature  of 
such  hazards,  and  the  precautions  necessary  to  safety. 

76.  Aluminum  and  its  Light  Alloys  (1919,  120  pages).  Describes  the 
physical  properties  of  aluminum  and  discusses  the  effect  of  temperature, 
manufacturing  operations,  and  impurities  upon  these  properties. 

77.  The  Table  of  Unit  Displacement  of  Commodities  (1919,  67  pages). 
Number  of  pounds  of  material  per  cubic  foot  when  packed  for  shipment; 
number  of  cubic  feet  of  space  required  for  a  ton;  manner  of  packing. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


211 


78.  Solders  for  Aluminum  (1919,  9  pages).  Discusses  the  use,  service¬ 
ability,  method  of  application,  and  composition  of  solders  of  aluminum.  The 
circular  was  issued  after  extensive  investigation  during  the  war  for  the  spe¬ 
cial  use  of  the  army. 

79.  Electrical  Characteristics  and  Testing  of  Dry  Cells  (1919,  44  pages). 
A  brief  historical  review  of  the  development  of  the  dry  cell  and  the  theory 
of  the  reactions  which  take  place  in  it. 

80.  Protective  Metallic  Coatings  for  the  Rustproofing  of  Iron  and  Steel 
(1919,  34  pages). 

81.  Bibliography  of  Scientific  Literature  relating  to  Helium  (1919,  21 
pages).  Prepared  at  the  request  of  the  War  Department. 

Several  reports  describing  work  performed  by  the  Bureau  of 
Standards  for  the  National  Advisory  Committee  for  Aeronautics 
are  published  in  the  fourth  and  fifth  Annual  Reports  of  that  Com¬ 
mittee  (Washington,  1920),  and  in  Gas  Age  (November  15,  1917) 
is  a  report  by  the  bureau  on  the  “Relation  of  the  Gas  Industry  to 
Military  Needs.” 

Records 

The  bureau  maintains  a  central  filing  system  and  has  an  accu¬ 
rate  check  for  the  location  of  each  letter.  Besides  correspondence 
the  records  of  the  Information  Section  and  the  divisions  contain 
special  reports  (in  part  confidential)  and  scientific  and  technologic 
data  that  were  assembled  in  the  course  of  investigations  and  ex¬ 
periments.  The  technical  data  on  radio  subjects,  for  example,  cover 
the  following;  principles  of  radio  waves  and  apparatus,  scientific 
and  commercial  data,  radio  organizations,  instructional  material, 
standard  symbols  and  terminology,  bibliographies,  applications  of 
radio  to  various  purposes,  and  various  technical  subjects  covered 
in  laboratory  work.  The  records  for  safety  standards,  compiled  for 
the  War  and  Navy  Departments,  cover  such  subjects  as  the  fol¬ 
lowing:  building  construction,  crane  construction,  elevators,  fire 
appliances  and  equipment,  toilets,  washrooms  and  locker  rooms, 
power  plants  and  prime  movers,  power  transmission  on  apparatus, 
machine  guarding,  remote-control  apparatus,  head  and  eye  protec¬ 
tion. 

Among  reports  are: 

The  compressibility  of  hydrogen. 

The  effect  of  oxj'gen  on  balloon  gas. 


212 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


The  influence  of  water  vapor  hydrogen  upon  the  lifting  power  of  the 
gas. 

A  series  of  separate  reports  relative  to  aeronautic  power  plants. 

Tables  of  temperature  corrections  for  altitude  instruments  and  alti¬ 
tude  corrections  for  air  speed  indicators  computed. 

Report  on  testing  methods  and  apparatus  to  be  used  in  testing,  made 
for  manufacturers  of  aeronautic  instruments. 

Report  on  fire-retarding  paints,  made  for  the  Bureau  of  Yards  and 
Docks,  Navy  Department. 

A  general  report  of  the  Radio  Laboratory,  dated  December,  1918, 
with  regard  to  radio  work  performed  for  the  Navy  Department. 

Report  on  the  Roberts  coke  oven.  May  23,  1918. 

Report  on  Koppers  oven  installation. 

Report  on  protective  coatings. 

Special  report  on  storage  batteries. 

Five  reports  relative  to  investigations  of  the  generation  of  hydrogen 
by  the  ferrosilicon  process. 

Nine  reports  relative  to  lists  of  acetylene  generators. 

“Fundamental  Principles  of  Natural  Gas  Production,  Service,  and 
Conservation,  with  Special  Reference  to  the  Natural  Gas  Situation  at 
Louisville,  Ky.,”  presented  August  20,  1918.  This  was  later  published 
as  No.  7  of  the  Mineral  Industries  of  the  United  States  series  of  the 
National  Museum. 

Specifications  for  glasses  for  soldiers  and  engineers  to  provide  pro¬ 
tection  against  glare  from  snow. 

Various  rubber  specifications. 

Report  on  searchlights,  made  to  Engineer  Corps,  January  23,  1918; 
and  another  to  the  American  Physical  Society,  April  23,  1919. 

Extension  of  the  telephone  system  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  pre¬ 
pared  for  the  Postmaster  General  and  submitted  in  April,  1919. 

There  are  several  mimeographed  or  multigraphed  circulars  called 
“Communications”  that  were  issued  by  the  Gage  Section  during  or 
soon  after  the  war. 


BUREAU  OF  CENSUS 

Prior  to  1900  the  Census  Office  was  established  each  decade  to 
take  and  publish  the  decennial  census.  Under  act  of  Congress, 
March  6,  1902,  the  office  was  made  permanent  July  1,  1902.  It  was 
transferred  from  the  Department  of  the  Interior  to  the  Department 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


213 


of  Commerce  and  Labor  July  1,  1903,  was  named  Bureau  of  the 
Census  at  that  time,  and  became  a  bureau  of  the  Department  of 
Commerce  March  4,  1913. 

Functions  and  Organization 

The  chief  function  of  the  bureau  is  to  take,  compile,  and  publish 
the  decennial  census,  which  covers  the  subjects  of  population,  agri¬ 
culture,  manufactures,  mines  and  quarries,  oil  and  gas  wells,  for¬ 
estry  and  forest  products.  This  work  is  begun  at  the  beginning  of 
the  last  fiscal  year  of  the  decade  and  is  completed  three  years  later. 
During  the  seven  years  intervening  between  the  thirteenth  and  four¬ 
teenth  decennial  censuses  the  bureau  was  collecting  cotton  statistics 
quarterly,  monthly,  and  semi-monthly ;  tobacco  statistics,  quarterly ; 
financial  statistics  with  regard  to  States  and  financial  and  general 
statistics  with  regard  to  cities  having  a  population  of  30,000  or 
more,  annually;  statistics  of  manufacturers  and  electrical  indus¬ 
tries  for  each  five  year  period ;  and  statistics  with  regard  to  wealth, 
public  indebtedness,  taxation,  transportation  by  water,  and  fisheries 
for  each  ten  year  period.  Other  statistics  collected  by  the  bureau 
are  less  pertinent  to  this  survey. 

During  the  period  of  the  war  the  bureau  was  organized  in  nine 
divisions,  an  Administrative  Division  and  the  following  eight  sta¬ 
tistical  divisions:  Population,  Vital  Statistics,  Manufactures,  Agri¬ 
culture,  Cotton  and  Tobacco,  Statistics  of  Cities,  Geography,  Re¬ 
vision  and  Results. 

War  Work 

Under  act  of  Congress  of  August  7,  1916,  the  bureau  collected 
and  published  statistics  for  the  years  1915  and  1916  relative  to  raw 
and  prepared  cotton  linters,  cotton  waste,  and  hull  fiber  consumed 
in  the  manufacture  of  guncotton  and  explosives,  and  absorbent  and 
medicated  cotton. 

During  the  period  in  which  the  United  States  was  engaged  in 
the  war  the  Division  of  Manufactures  assisted  in  the  mobilization 
of  economic  resources  for  military  purposes  in  the  following  ways: 
(1)  taking  a  census,  for  the  Council  of  National  Defense,  of  the 
production  and  capacity  of  plants  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
nitric  acid,  a  census  of  the  production  and  capacity  of  establish- 


214 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


merits  manufacturing  sulphuric  acid  and  materials  used  in  making 
acids  and  explosives,  and  a  census  of  the  distribution  of  caimon 
powder,  mobile  artillery  powder,  small  arms  powder,  trinitrotoluol, 
picric  acid,  ammonium  nitrate,  and  military  guncotton;  (2)  mak¬ 
ing  a  canvass,  for  the  Federal  Reserve  Board,  showing  the  produc¬ 
tion  of  dental  gold  by  States,  and  the  amounts  and  values  repre¬ 
senting  the  gross  consumption  and  exportation  of  this  commodity ; 
(3)  taking  a  census,  for  various  war  agencies,  of  production, 
consumption,  and  stocks  on  hand  of  such  war  materials  and  com¬ 
modities  as  iron  and  steel,  wool  machinery  and  woolen  manufac¬ 
tures,  kapok,  jute,  silk,  leather  stocks,  boots,  shoes,  other  manu¬ 
factured  leather  goods,  antimony,  and  graphite  crucibles ;  (4) 
preparing  a  list  of  shipbuilding  establishments  for  the  United 
States  Shipping  Board;  (5)  preparing  data,  for  the  United  States 
Fuel  Administration,  showing  the  kinds  and  quantities  of  coal  con¬ 
sumed  by  establishments  using  100  tons  or  more  per  annum,  and 
whether  such  establishments  generated  electricity  for  power. 

The  Division  of  Agriculture  took  a  census,  for  the  War  Indus¬ 
tries  Board,  of  commercial  greenhouses,  embracing  such  items  as 
area,  value  of  products,  and  quantities  of  fuel,  fertilizers,  insecti¬ 
cides,  and  fungicides  used. 

The  Division  of  Population  prepared,  for  the  Provost  Marshal 
General,  estimates  of  population  and  of  registrants  and  a  classifica¬ 
tion  of  occupations.  The  allocation  of  enlistments  in  the  army  was 
made  by  the  Division  of  Manufactures.  The  allocation  of  Naval 
and  Marine  Corps  enlistments  was  made  by  the  Division  of  Re¬ 
vision  and  Results.  Information  determining  the  ages  of  regis¬ 
trants  was  furnished  for  the  Department  of  Justice  and  local  regis¬ 
tration  boards  by  the  Geographer’s  Division. 

In  February  and  March,  1918,  the  bureau  prepared  a  number  of 
tables  for  the  use  of  the  Railroad  Wage  Commission  in  connection 
with  the  adjustment  of  the  wages  of  railroad  employees  by  the 
United  States  Railroad  Administration. 

Publications 

The  publications  of  the  Bureau  of  the  Census  are  listed  in  a  Cir¬ 
cular  of  Information  concerning  Census  Publications,  1790-1916 
(Washington,  1917,  124  pages),  and  a  supplement  entitled  Census 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


215 


Publications  Available  for  Distribution  by  the  Bureau  of  the  Census 
(Washington,  1921).  Particular  attention  is  directed  to  the  fol¬ 
lowing  : 

The  Story  of  the  Census  (Washington,  1916,  38  pages).  A  history  of 
of  the  bureau. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Census  to  the  Secretary  of  Com¬ 
merce  for  the  Fiscal  Year  ended  June  30,  1917  (Washington,  1917,  43 
pages).  Organization,  functions. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Census  .  .  .  June  30,  1918 
(Washington,  1918,  28  pages).  War  work. 

Census  of  War  Commodities :  Iron  and  Steel  Products  (Washington, 
1919,  16  pages).  Statistics  collected  from  10,494  establishments. 

Census  of  War  Commodities :  Statistics  of  Leather  (Washington, 
1918,  11  pages).  Shows  amount  and  distribution  of  leather  on  hand 
May  31,  1918. 

Census  of  War  Commodities :  Textile  Fibers  (Washington,  1919,  16 
pages).  Wool,  silk,  jute,  and  kapok. 

Census  of  War  Commodities:  Antimony  and  Graphite  Crucibles 
(Washington,  1918,  10  pages). 

Cotton  Production  and  Distribution,  Season  of  1916-1917,  Bulletin 
135  (Washington,  1918,  144  pages).  Production  by  States;  prices; 
ginning ;  consumption ;  exports  and  imports ;  fiber  consumed  in  explo¬ 
sives  and  absorbent  cotton. 

Cotton  Production  and  Distribution,  Season  of  1917-1918,  Bulletin 
137  (Washington,  1918, 133  pages). 

Cotton  Production  and  Distribution,  Season  of  1918-1919,  Bulletin 
140  (Washington,  1919,  133  pages). 

Cotton  Production  and  Distribution,  Season  of  1919-1920,  Bulletin 
145  (Washington,  1920, 135  pages). 

Stocks  of  Leaf  Tobacco,  1917,  Bulletin  136  (Washington,  1918,  44 
pages).  Production,  prices,  consumption,  exports,  and  imports. 

Stocks  of  Leaf  Tobacco,  1918,  Bulletin  139  (Washington,  1919,  46 
pages). 

Stocks  of  Leaf  Tobacco,  1919,  Bulletin  No.  143  (Washington,  1920, 
54  pages). 

Estimates  of  Population  for  the  Several  States  and  the  District  of 
Columbia,  for  Counties,  and  for  Cities  of  over  30,000,  Made  by  the 
Bureau  of  the  Census  ...  in  Pursuance  of  and  for  the  Purpose  Men¬ 
tioned  in  Section  2  of  an  Act  of  Congress  “To  Authorize  The  Presi¬ 
dent  to  Increase  Temporarily  the  Military  Establishment  of  the  United 
States,”  Approved  May  1,  1917  (Washington,  1917,  24  pages). 


216 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Estimates  of  Population  hy  the  Census  Bureau  Based  upon  the  Regis¬ 
tration  of  June  5,  1917,  for  Use  m  Apportionment  of  the  Forthcoming 
Draft  (Washington,  1917,  28  pages). 

Financial  Statistics  of  States,  1917  (Washington,  1918,  129  pages). 
Total  and  per  capita  receipts  of  States  from  revenues ;  total  and  per 
capita  payments  of  States  for  expenses,  interest  and  outlays ;  total  value 
of  state  properties ;  total  and  per  capita  indebtedness  of  States ;  total 
and  per  capita  assessed  valuation  of  property  subject  to  taxation. 
Financial  Statistics  of  States,  1918  (Washington,  1919,  123  pages). 
Financial  Statistics  of  States,  1919  (Washington,  1920,  119  pages). 
Financial  Statistics  of  Cities  Having  a  Population  of  Over  30,000, 

1917  (Washington,  1918,  373  pages).  Scope  the  same  as  that  of  the 
state  statistics. 

Financial  Statistics  of  Cities  Having  a  Population  of  Over  30,000, 

1918  (Washington,  1919,  357  pages). 

Financial  Statistics  of  Cities  Having  a  Population  of  Over  30,000, 

1919  (Washington,  1921,  355  pages). 

Municipal  Markets  in  Cities  Having  a  Population  of  Over  30,000, 
1918  (Washington,  1919).  Emergency  distribution  of  food,  due  pri¬ 
marily  to  the  high  cost  of  living;  community  markets. 

Transportation  hy  Water,  1916  (Washington,  1920,  230  pages). 
Steam  vessels,  unrigged  craft,  sailing  vessels,  schooner  barges,  ferry¬ 
boats,  yachts,  and  fishing  craft ;  character  of  ownership,  construction, 
tonnage,  valuation,  propelling  power,  freight,  passengers,  idle  vessels. 

Electric  Railways,  1917  (Washington,  1917,  177  pages).  Track  and 
rolling  stock,  power  equipment,  traffic,  capitalization,  financial  opera¬ 
tions. 

Special  Tables  of  Mortality  from  Influenza  and  Pneumonia  in  Indi¬ 
ana,  Kansas,  and  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (Washington,  1920,  181  pages). 
Covers  the  period  from  September  1  to  December  31,  1918. 

The  publications  of  the  fourteenth  decennial  census,  covering 
population,  agriculture,  manufactures,  mines  and  quarries,  com¬ 
prise  Bulletins,  State  Compendiums,  Final  Reports,  and  an  Ab¬ 
stract.  The  Bulletins  are  classified  as:  (1)  general  bulletins,  giving 
general  results  for  the  county  as  a  whole,  by  States,  and  w’^here  ap¬ 
plicable  by  the  larger  cities;  (2)  state  bulletins  giving  for  each 
State  detailed  results  of  the  census  in  each  of  its  four  main  branches ; 
(3)  special  bulletins  presenting  additional  data  and  discussion  re¬ 
garding  certain  selected  topics  of  which  only  the  more  general  sta¬ 
tistics  are  published  in  the  advance  bulletins.  Each  State  Compen- 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


217 


dium  contains  all  the  bulletins  relative  to  one  State.  The  Final 
Reports  consist  of  general  analyses  of  results  relative  to  the  country 
as  a  whole.  The  Abstract  is  a  summary  of  the  principal  statistics 
in  each  of  the  four  main  branches  of  the  census. 

BUREAU  OF  FISHERIES 

The  Bureau  of  Fisheries  originated  in  a  joint  resolution  of 
Congress  of  February  9,  1871,  which  provided  for  the  appoint¬ 
ment  of  a  Commissioner  of  Fish  and  Fisheries  to  investigate  the 
cause  of  the  alleged  diminution  of  fisheries  and  the  feasibility  of 
remedial  measures.  The  organization  created  by  the  commissioner 
was  recognized  by  Congress  in  June,  1878,  as  the  United  States 
Fish  Commission.  The  commission  became  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries 
of  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor  July  1,  1903,  and  as 
such  was  allocated  to  the  Department  of  Commerce  when  a  separate 
Department  of  Labor  was  created  March  4,  1913. 

Functions 

The  functions  of  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries  vdthin  the  scope  of 
this  survey  are:  (1)  propagation  of  useful  food  fishes,  including 
lobsters,  oysters,  and  other  shell  fish,  and  their  distribution  to  suit¬ 
able  waters;  (2)  inquiry  into  the  cause  of  decrease  of  food  fishes 
in  lakes,  rivers,  and  coast  waters  of  the  United  States;  (3)  study 
of  the  waters  of  the  coast  and  interior  in  the  interest  of  fish  cul¬ 
ture;  (4)  investigation  of  the  fishing  grounds  of  the  Atlantic,  Gulf, 
and  Pacific  coasts  to  determine  their  food  resources  and  to  promote 
the  development  of  the  commercial  fisheries;  (5)  study  of  the 
methods  of  the  fisheries  and  of  the  preservation  and  utilization  of 
fisheries  products;  (6)  administration  of  the  salmon  fisheries  of 
Alaska;  (7)  administration  of  the  law  for  the  protection  of  sponges 
off  the  coast  of  Florida;  (8)  advice  or  assistance  to  state  commis¬ 
sioners  in  the  drafting  of  state  fisheries  laws;  (9)  collection  and 
compilation  of  statistics  of  fisheries. 

War  Activities 

During  the  war  the  efforts  of  the  bureau  were  concentrated  more 
than  ordinarily  upon  the  conservation,  utilization,  and  increase  of 


218 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


the  economic  resources  of  the  fisheries.  Investigations  and  experi¬ 
ments  were  made  to  determine  the  causes  of  souring  and  rust  of  salt 
fish  in  warm  climates,  to  develop  methods  of  smoking  fish  as  a  means 
of  utihzing  them  for  food,  to  develop  methods  of  canning  surplus 
fish  in  the  home,  to  determine  the  nutritive  value  of  neglected  or 
little  used  fishery  products  with  a  view  to  encouraging  their  con¬ 
sumption,  to  develop  methods  of  preserving  or  curing  fishes  occur¬ 
ring  in  large  quantities  but  not  utilized  economically,  and  to  pro¬ 
duce  agar-agar  and  sizing  material  from  sea  weeds,  the  latter  as  a 
substitute  for  gum  and  similar  substances,  the  importation  of  which 
was  curtailed  or  entirely  cut  off  by  war  conditions. 

To  effect  the  utilization  of  fishes  normally  neglected  and  wasted, 
fisherman  were  provided  with  the  necessary  markets  or  instructed 
in  the  methods  of  curing.  The  pubhc  was  informed,  through 
publications  and  demonstrations,  of  the  qualities  of  these  fishes  and 
of  the  best  methods  of  preparing  them  for  the  table.  In  pursuance 
of  this  work  agents  of  the  bureau  were  placed  in  the  field  to  in¬ 
crease  production,  eliminate  waste,  and  utilize  all  fish  caught,  to 
give  practical  and  direct  assistance  in  caring  for  catches,  to  sup¬ 
ply  direct  information  as  to  location  of  potential  markets,  to  create 
markets  in  new  localities,  particularly  those  most  advantageously 
situated  in  respect  to  transportation  facilities,  to  direct  supplies 
of  fish  to  regions  inadequately  or  uneconomically  supplied,  and  to 
assist  wholesale  and  retail  dealers  in  selling  stocks  of  fish  ordered 
on  the  bureau’s  suggestion.  Particularly  effective  was  the  placing 
of  instructors  in  Alaska  in  1917  and  1918  to  demonstrate  the  Scotch 
method  of  curing  herring,  and  the  utilization  of  part  of  the  vast 
catches  of  menhaden  for  the  production  of  stock  and  poultry  food 
instead  of  solely  for  fertilizer. 

In  the  field  of  fish  culture  encouragement  was  given  to  land- 
owners  to  utilize  local  water  supplies  for  growing  food  fish  for  do¬ 
mestic  use,  and  the  rescue  of  fishes  imperilled  by  the  drying  up  of 
overflowed  lands  along  the  Mississippi  River  was  increased. 

Publications 
Annual  Reports 

Report  of  the  United  States  Commissioner  of  Fisheries  for  the  Fiscal 
Year  ended  June  30,  1916  (Washington,  1917,  114  pages).  Covers  the 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


219 


operations  of  the  Bureau  of  Fisheries.  Particularly  important  is  the  re¬ 
port  of  investigations  relative  to  commercial  fisheries. 

Report  of  the  United  States  Commissioner  of  Fisheries  for  the  Fiscal 
Year  1918  (Washington,  1920,  94  pages).  Modification  of  scientific 
work  on  account  of  the  war,  experiments  relative  to  the  preservation  of 
fishery  products,  utilization  of  fish  waste  and  waste  fish,  home  canning 
of  fish. 

Report  of  the  United  States  Commissioner  of  Fisheries  for  the  Fiscal 
Year  1919  (Washington,  1921,  57  pages).  Increasing  production  and 
consumption  of  fishery  products,  increasing  the  use  of  waste  products 
of  fisheries,  development  of  aquatic  sources  of  leather. 

Economic  Circulars 

The  publication  of  the  circulars  in  the  list  below  was  a  part  of 
the  government  program  for  effecting  food  conservation  and  in¬ 
crease  during  the  war.  They  were  issued  by  the  Government  Print¬ 
ing  Office  and  given  a  -nude  distribution. 

23.  The  Sablefish,  alias  Black  Cod,  an  introduction  to  one  of  the  best  and 
richest  of  American  food  fishes,  with  recipes  for  cooking  it,  by  H.  F.  Moore 
(1917,  6  pages). 

25.  The  Burbot:  a  fresh-water  cousin  to  the  cod,  by  H.  F.  Moore  (1917, 
4  pages). 

26.  The  Bowfin:  an  old-fashioned  fish  with  a  new-found  use,  by  R.  E.  Co¬ 
ker  (1918, 7  pages). 

27.  A  Practical  Small  Smokehouse  for  Fish:  How  to  construct  and  operate 
it,  by  J.  B.  Southall  (1917,  1st  ed.,  7  pages;  2nd  ed.,  12  pages). 

28.  Preserving  Fish  for  Domestic  Use,  by  H.  F.  Moore  (1917,  2  pages). 

29.  Why  and  How  to  Use  Salt  and  Smoked  Fish:  sixty-one  ways  of  cooking 
them,  by  H.  F.  Moore  (1917,  8  pages). 

30.  Possibilities  of  Food  from  Fish,  by  H.  F.  Taylor  (1917,  4  pages). 

31.  The  Carp:  a  valuable  food  resource;  with  twenty-three  recipes,  by 
H.  F.  Taylor  (1917,  7  pages). 

32.  The  Whiting:  a  good  fish  not  adequately  utilized,  by  H.  F.  Moore 
(1917,  4  pages). 

33.  The  Eulachon:  a  rich  and  delicious  little  fish,  by  H.  F.  Moore  (1917, 
4  pages). 

34.  Skates  and  Rays:  interesting  fishes  of  great  food  value,  with  twenty- 
nine  recipes  for  cooking  them,  by  H.  F.  Moore  (1918,  7  pages). 

35.  Sharks  as  food,  with  thirty  recipes,  by  Lewis  Radeliffe  (1918,  8 
pages). 

36.  Fish  Roe  and  Buckroe,  with  eighty-five  recipes,  by  Lewis  Radeliffe 
(1918,  11  pages). 


220  OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

37.  How  the  Angler  May  Preserve  His  Catch,  by  W.  C.  Kendall  (1918,  7 
pages). 

38.  Whales  and  Porpoises  as  Food,  with  thirty-two  recipes,  by  Lewis 
Radcliffe  (1918,  10  pages). 


Records 

The  records  pertinent  to  this  survey  consist  of  correspondence, 
memoranda,  and  scientific  and  practical  studies.  Much  of  the  cor¬ 
respondence  during  the  war  period  had  to  do  with  the  bureau’s  con¬ 
servation  program.  Among  mimeographed  and  multigraphed  rec¬ 
ords  are  memoranda  on  the  following  subjects;  Norwegian  method 
of  canning  sardines;  Scotch  method  of  curing  herring;  the  Nor¬ 
wegian  cure  of  herring;  pickling  sablefish;  preparation  of  hides  of 
sharks  for  the  tanner ;  salt  atkafish ;  canning  alewives,  roe  and  buck- 
roe  ;  time  required  to  soften  the  bones  of  various  fishes  by  canning 
in  pressure  cookers ;  use  of  whale  meat  for  food ;  and  preparation  of 
fish  eggs  for  food. 


BUREAU  OF  LIGHTHOUSES 
Functions  and  Organization 

The  Bureau  of  Lighthouses,  successor  to  the  United  States 
Lighthouse  Board,  was  organized  July  1,  1903.  In  time  of  peace 
the  bureau  is  charged  vdth  the  establishment  and  maintenance  of 
aids  to  navigation  along  the  seacoast  and  on  practically  all  the  im¬ 
portant  navigable  rivers  and  lakes  of  the  country.  It  is  organized  in 
three  operating  divisions:  Marine  Engineering,  Naval  Construc¬ 
tion,  and  Hydrographic.  For  administrative  purposes  the  country 
is  divided  into  nineteen  lighthouse  districts,  each  of  which  is  ia 
charge  of  a  Superintendent  of  Lighthouses.  Each  district  has  one 
or  more  lighthouse  depots  and  supply  vessels  or  tenders.  At  a  gen¬ 
eral  depot  on  Staten  Island  general  supplies  are  obtained,  certain 
special  apparatus  manufactured,  and  various  kinds  of  technical 
work  performed. 

During  the  war  the  bureau  functioned  primarily  as  an  agency  of 
national  defense.  By  executive  order  of  April  11,  1917,  thirty  light¬ 
house  tenders  were  transferred  to  the  War  Department,  and  fifteen 
lighthouse  tenders,  four  light  vessels,  and  twenty-one  light  stations 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


221 


were  transferred  to  the  Navy  Department.  The  tenders  transferred 
to  the  War  Department  and  one  additional  tender  were  subse¬ 
quently  transferred  to  the  Navy  Department.  The  tenders  thus 
transferred  continued  the  maintenance  of  aids  to  navigation  and 
oflBcers  of  the  Lighthouse  Service  cooperated  with  the  naval  and 
military  authorities  in  matters  of  navigation  as  well  as  coast  de¬ 
fense.  The  vessels  of  the  Lighthouse  Service  laid  the  defensive  sub¬ 
marine  nets,  removed  them  after  the  armistice  was  signed,  laid 
mines,  placed  buoys  and  marks  for  military  uses,  and  acted  as 
lookouts  and  reporting  stations.  By  breaking  ice  in  rivers  and  har¬ 
bors  they  assisted  in  keeping  navigation  open  for  coal  and  other  war 
materials.  Certain  aids  on  the  Great  Lakes  which  are  usually  re¬ 
moved  in  the  late  autumn  were  left  in  position  until  heavy  ice  had 
formed,  in  order  to  assist  the  merchant  fleet.  Officers  of  the  Marine 
Engineering  Division  assisted  the  United  States  Shipping  Board  in 
matters  respecting  the  design  and  sea  trials  of  various  types  of  ves¬ 
sels.  Aid  was  rendered  the  War  Industries  Board  with  respect  to  the 
standardization  and  allocation  for  iron  and  steel  chains  for  the  dif¬ 
ferent  activities  of  the  government  requiring  such  material.  The 
Commissioner  of  Lighthouses  served  as  the  representative  of  the 
department  on  the  Wage  Adjustment  Board  in  New  York  Harbor. 

Publications 

Annual  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Lighthouses  to  the  Secretary 
of  Commerce  for  the  Fiscal  Year  ended  June  30,  1917  (Washington, 
1917,  101  pages).  Aids  to  navigation,  cooperation  with  other  branches 
of  the  government  in  the  prosecution  of  the  war. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Lighthouses  .  .  .  1918 
(Washington,  1918,  83  pages).  Aids  to  navigation,  war  activities,  sta¬ 
tistics. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Lighthouses  .  .  .1919 
(Washington,  1919,  99  pages).  War  activities,  aids  to  navigation,  sav¬ 
ing  of  life  and  property. 

The  United  States  Lighthouse  Service,  1923,  by  John  S.  Conway, 
Deputy  Commissioner  of  Lighthouses  (Washington,  1923,  111  pages). 
National  defense  activities,  aids  to  navigation,  history  and  growth  of 
the  service,  fog  signals,  buoys,  river  lighting,  lighting  of  bridges,  saving 
of  life  and  property. 


222 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 
Records 


The  manuscript  records  of  the  Bureau  of  Lighthouses  consist  of 
correspondence,  instructions,  reports,  and  administrative  and  mis¬ 
cellaneous  papers.  Many  of  the  reports  sent  in  were  confidential 
during  the  duration  of  the  war  but  the  ban  of  secrecy  has  now  been 
removed. 


STEAMBOAT-INSPECTION  SERVICE 

The  Steamboat-Inspection  Service  originated  in  an  act  of  Con- 
gi’ess  of  July  7,  1838,  which  provided  for  the  inspection  of  the 
hulls  and  boilers  of  steam  vessels.  It  developed  under  several  minor 
amendments  and  two  important  acts  of  August  30,  1852,  and  Feb¬ 
ruary  28,  1871 ;  was  transferred  from  the  Treasury  Department  to 
the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor  July  1,  1903,  and  since 
1913  has  been  a  bureau  of  the  Department  of  Commerce. 

Functions  and  Organization 

The  service  is  charged  with  the  inspection  of  vessels,  the  inspec¬ 
tion  of  boilers  in  federal  buildings,  the  licensing  of  the  officers  of 
vessels,  and  the  administration  of  the  laws  relating  to  vessels  and 
their  officers  for  the  protection  of  life  and  property.  At  the  head 
of  the  service  is  the  Supervising  Inspector  General.  Under  him  are 
ten  supervising  inspectors.  Under  the  supervising  inspectors  are 
forty-six  boards  of  local  inspectors,  each  board  consisting  of  an  in¬ 
spector  of  hulls  and  an  inspector  of  boilers.  The  supervising  inspec¬ 
tors  and  local  boards  are  located  in  the  principal  cities.  The  ten 
supervising  inspectors  with  the  Supervising  Inspector  General  form 
the  Board  of  Supervising  Inspectors,  and  this  body  makes  the  regu¬ 
lations  for  the  government  of  the  service.  Blue  prints  or  dra^vings 
of  water-tube  and  coil  boilers  used  in  vessels  of  the  United  States 
merchant  marine  are  passed  upon  by  the  Board  of  Supervising  In¬ 
spectors,  while  designs  of  marine  boilers  of  other  types  are  passed 
upon  by  the  local  inspectors  having  original  jurisdiction.  Material 
that  is  subject  to  tensile  strain  if  used  in  the  construction  of  marine 
boilers  is  tested  by  an  inspector.  Inspectors  of  hulls  attend  to  the 
examinations  of  the  hulls  of  vessels  and  of  life-saving  equipment. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


223 


such  as  life  preservers,  lifeboats,  life  rafts,  and  davits.  Each  mem¬ 
ber  of  a  crew  of  a  merchant  vessel  and  every  lifeboatman  is  required 
to  have  a  certificate  relative  to  his  seamanship. 

War  Work 

During  the  period  of  the  war  the  Steamboat-Inspection  Service, 
in  close  cooperation  with  the  War  Department,  the  Navy  Depart¬ 
ment,  or  the  United  States  Shipping  Board,  attended  to  the  follow¬ 
ing  matters:  (1)  inspection  of  vessels  on  the  Great  Lakes  to  frus¬ 
trate  possible  intrigue  or  conspiracy  before  the  United  States 
entered  the  war  and  subsequently  for  protection  against  alien 
enemies;  (2)  guarding  vessels  passing  through  the  Cape  Cod  Canal 
in  order  to  prevent  any  action  being  taken  “designed  to  result  in  the 
stoppage  of  the  canal”;  (3)  inspection  of  interned  German  and 
Austrian  vessels,  reports  of  which  were  rendered  to  the  United  States 
Shipping  Board;  (4)  inspection  of  vessels  for  the  United  States 
Shipping  Board,  in  cooperation  with  the  American  Bureau  of  Ship¬ 
ping,  with  Lloyd’s,  and  with  all  classification  societies  doing  busi¬ 
ness  in  the  United  States;  (5)  licensing  of  watch  officers  of  foreign 
built  ships  admitted  to  American  registry  without  regard  to  the 
citizenship  of  such  officers,  under  the  act  of  Congress,  August  18, 
1914,  “to  provide  for  the  admission  of  foreign  built  ships  to  Ameri¬ 
can  registry  for  the  foreign  trade,  and  for  other  purposes” ;  (6) 
aid  to  the  navigation  and  engineering  schools  for  watch  officers  that 
were  established  by  the  Recruiting  Service  of  the  United  States 
Shipping  Board,  by  examining  the  experience  and  other  qualifica¬ 
tions  of  applicants,  in  the  Great  Lakes  region  and  on  the  seaboard, 
for  admission;  (7)  inspection  of  steel  plate  for  marine  boilers  and 
lowering  the  requirements;  (8)  investigation  of  alleged  disloyalty 
of  licensed  officers.  The  Supervising  Inspector  General  was  a  mem¬ 
ber  of  the  Ship  Protection  Executive  Committee  of  the  United 
States  Shipping  Board,  and  several  of  the  supervising  inspectors 
served  on  committees  having  to  do  with  war  problems. 

Publications 

Annual  Report  of  the  Supervising  Inspector  General,  Steamboat-In¬ 
spection  Service,  to  the  Secretary  of  Commerce  for  the  Fiscal  Year 


224 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


ended  June  30, 1917  (Washington,  1917,  42  pages).  War  conditions  and 
war  measures. 

Armual  Report  of  the  Supervising  Inspector  General  .  .  .1918 
(Washington,  1918,  38  pages).  War  activities. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Supervising  Inspector  General  .  .  .  1919 
(Washington,  1919,  43  pages).  Reconstruction, 

Amendments  of  Steamboat-Inspection  Rules  and  Regulations  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1917,  20  pages),  and  General  Rules  and  Regulations :  Ocean  and 
Coastwise  (Washington,  1918,  205  pages),  reflect  war  influence. 

Records 

With  the  exception  of  a  few  papers  in  the  offices  of  the  Super¬ 
vising  Inspectors  the  manuscript  records  of  the  service  are  pre¬ 
served  in  a  general  file  at  headquarters  in  Washington.  Those  perti¬ 
nent  to  this  survey  consist  of  general  and  special  correspondence, 
reports,  instructions,  card  records,  and  mimeographed  or  multi- 
graphed  circulars.  Particular  attention  is  directed  to  the  corre¬ 
spondence  in  February  and  March,  1917,  relative  to  the  “necessity 
for  the  exercise  of  all  possible  precautions”  against  intrigue  or  con¬ 
spiracy  on  the  Great  Lakes ;  to  papers  relative  to  the  admission  of 
foreign  built  ships  to  American  registry  under  act  of  August  18, 
1914 ;  to  the  card  record  of  inspection  of  vessels ;  and  to  such  cir¬ 
culars  of  instruction  as  were  issued  relative  to  emergency  war  meas¬ 
ures. 


BUREAU  OF  NAVIGATION 

The  Bureau  of  Navigation,  created  as  such  by  act  of  Congress 
of  July  5,  1884,  was  transferred  from  the  Treasury  Department 
to  the  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor  July  1,  1903,  and  since 
1913  has  been  a  bureau  of  the  Department  of  Commerce. 

Functions 

The  functions  of  the  Bureau  include  supervision  of  merchant 
seamen,  except  in  so  far  as  special  duties  are  assigned  to  the  Steam¬ 
boat-Inspection  Service  or  the  Public  Health  Service;  decision  of 
questions  relating  to  the  issue  of  registers,  enrolments,  and  licenses 
of  vessels,  and  the  filing  of  these  documents ;  preparation  and  pub¬ 
lication  of  lists  of  vessels  of  the  United  States;  decision  of  dis- 


DEPARTMENT  OF  COMMERCE 


225 


puted  questions  relating  to  the  movements  of  vessels  engaged  in 
foreign  trade  at  or  from  ports  of  the  United  States;  supervision 
of  laws  relating  to  the  admeasurement,  letters,  and  numbers  of  ves¬ 
sels;  decision  of  questions  relating  to  the  collection  and  refund  of 
tonnage  taxes;  enforcement  of  special  navigation  and  steamboat- 
inspection  laws  and  those  governing  radio  communications. 

War  Work 

Through  its  control  of  entry  and  clearance  of  vessels  in  coopera¬ 
tion  with  the  Treasury  Department  it  was  vdthin  the  province  of 
the  bureau  so  to  regulate  the  movements  of  merchant  vessels  as  to 
prevent  or  restrict  violations  of  the  neutrality  laws.  Its  investiga¬ 
tions  of  alien  enemy  ownership,  subsequent  to  the  entry  of  the 
United  States  in  the  war,  resulted  in  the  seizure  of  several  vessels 
by  the  Alien  Property  Custodian  and  the  British  Admiralty.  In  the 
joint  supervision,  exercised  by  the  bureau  and  the  Customs  Service, 
of  the  signing  on  and  discharge  of  seamen,  there  was  effected  the 
necessary  control  of  the  personnel  of  officers  and  crews  for  the  elimi¬ 
nation  of  alien  enemies.  Confidential  weekly  and  monthly  statements 
by  the  bureau  to  the  War  and  Navy  Departments  relative  to  mer¬ 
chant  vessels  suitable  for  transport,  coast  defense,  and  auxiliary 
military  service  have  been  continued  since  the  armistice  for  com¬ 
mercial  purposes. 

Publications 

The  following  publications  are  of  prime  importance  for  a  study 
of  shipping  and  shipbuilding  during  the  war. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Navigation  to  the  Secretary  of 
Commerce  for  the  Fiscal  Year  ended  June  30,  1918  (Washington,  1918, 
237  pages).  Changes  in  trade  since  1914,  gains  and  losses  during  the 
war,  statistical  comparison  of  American  merchant  marine  of  1917  and 
1918,  vessels  built  during  the  fiscal  years  1917  and  1918. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  N avigation  .  .  .  1919  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  216  pages).  General  conditions,  growth  of  American  ship¬ 
building,  marine  losses,  war  losses. 

Annual  List  of  Merchant  Vessels  of  the  United  States  .  .  .  for  the 
Year  ended  June  30, 1915  (Washington,  1915,  482  pages).  Tonnage,  di¬ 
mensions,  date  and  place  of  building,  and  home  port  are  given  for  each 
vessel. 


226 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Annual  List  of  Merchant  Vessels  of  the  United  States  .  .  .  1918 
(Washington,  1919,  532  pages). 

Annual  List  of  Merchant  Vessels  of  the  United  States  .  .  .  1919 
(Washington,  1920,  542  pages). 

American  Documented  Seagoing  Merchant,  Gas,  and  Sailing  Vessels 
of  1000  Gross  Tons  and  Over  (Washington,  1918,  12  pages).  This  was 
confidential  during  the  war.  It  was  issued  as  of  date  December  1,  1917. 
A  note  attached  to  a  volume  in  the  Bureau  of  Navigation  in  which  the 
above  list  and  monthly  lists  of  a  similar  and  expanded  character  are 
bound,  to  and  including  July  1,  1919,  is  as  follows:  “It  appeared  first 
in  March,  1917,  as  a  typewritten  statement,  and  was  followed  in  De¬ 
cember,  1917,  by  the  first  printed  number  in  this  volume.  It  has  since 
been  issued  monthly.”  Of  the  first  typewritten  lists  only  about  six  copies 
were  made.  The  last  number  marked  “Confidential”  was  that  of  June  1, 
1919.  In  1923  it  was  stiU  a  monthly  publication. 

Steel-Ship  Building  in  the  United  States  on  July  1,  1916  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1916,  13  pages). 

German  and  Austrian  Vessels  in  the  Ports  of  the  United  States,  a 
statement  prepared  by  the  Bureau  of  Navigation  and  published  as  Sen¬ 
ate  Document  No.  722,  64th  Congress,  2nd  Session. 

Records 

The  manuscript  records  include  general  correspondence,  instruc¬ 
tions,  memoranda,  special  reports,  and  mimeographed  or  multi- 
graphed  circulars.  Among  the  special  reports  are  lists  of  interned 
vessels  and  lists  of  vessels  destroyed  at  sea.  Alien  officers  on  Ameri¬ 
can  merchant  ships,  the  inspection  and  measurement  of  foreign 
built  ships,  and  seamen’s  certificates  of  nationality  are  some  of  the 
matters  relative  to  which  mimeographed  circulars  of  instruction 
were  issued. 

UNITED  STATES  COAST  AND  GEODETIC  SURVEY 

The  Director,  most  of  the  staff,  and  five  vessels  of  the  United 
States  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey  were  transferred  to  the  Army 
and  Navy  during  the  war. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOR  AND  WAR  LABOR 
ADMINISTRATION^ 


Organization  and  Development 

The  Department  of  Labor  was  established  in  1913,  when  the 
former  Department  of  Commerce  and  Labor  was  resolved  into  two 
separate  departments,  to  promote  the  welfare  of  the  wage  earners 
of  the  United  States.  Prior  to  the  war,  four  bureaus  had  been  es¬ 
tablished,  namely,  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics,  the  Bureau  of 
Immigration,  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization,  and  the  Children’s 
Bureau,  while  a  Division  of  Conciliation  exercised  the  powers  of 
mediation  in  labor  disputes  which  were  vested  in  the  secretary  by 
the  act  creating  the  department.  Within  nine  months  after  the 
United  States  had  entered  the  war,  four  war  emergency  services 
were  established,  the  United  States  Boys’  Working  Reserve,  the 
United  States  Public  Service  Reserve,  the  United  States  Employ¬ 
ment  Service,  and  the  President’s  Mediation  Commission. 

During  the  early  months  of  the  war  industrial  relations  were 
handled  for  the  government  separately  by  the  War  Department, 
the  Navy  Department,  the  Shipping  Board,  the  Emergency  Fleet 
Corporation,  the  Fuel  Administration,  and  other  federal  agencies. 
The  resulting  industrial  confusion  made  evident  the  need  of  a  more 
uniform  method  of  dealing  with  labor  problems  and  particularly 
for  some  central  agency  to  supervise  labor  in  war  production.  Fol¬ 
lowing  the  consideration  of  the  problem  in  informal  conference 
between  the  productive  departments  of  the  government  and  the 
Council  of  National  Defense,  the  President,  by  executive  order  of 

^  The  material  for  this  part  of  the  volume  was  compiled  by  Laura  A. 
Thompson,  librarian,  Department  of  Labor.  The  library  of  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Labor  contains  practically  all  the  publications  listed  hereunder, 
besides  a  collection  of  labor  journals  and  periodicals  of  the  war  period, 
much  mimeographed  material  issued  by  various  government  offices,  mis¬ 
cellaneous  periodical  articles  and  newspaper  clippings  relating  to  labor 
and  the  war,  and  two  extensive  mimeographed  bibliographies  on  recon¬ 
struction  compiled  by  the  librarian.  A  convenient  list  of  the  department’s 
publications  is  Publications  of  the  Department  of  Labor,  June  15,  1921 
(Washington,  1921,  30  pages). 


228 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


January  4,  1918,  appointed  the  Secretary  of  Labor  to  be  War 
Labor  Administrator.  The  Secretary  appointed  an  Advisory  Coun¬ 
cil  and  under  his  direction  and  that  of  the  council  a  War  Labor 
Administration  was  established  with  the  following  units:  War  La¬ 
bor  Conference  Board,  National  War  Labor  Board,  War  Labor 
Policies  Board,  Bureau  of  Industrial  Housing  and  Transporta¬ 
tion,  United  States  Housing  Corporation,  Division  of  Negro  Eco¬ 
nomics,  Information  and  Education  Service,  Investigation  and 
Inspection  Service,  United  States  Training  Service,  Woman  in  In¬ 
dustry  Service,  and  Working  Conditions  Service. 

Department  of  Labor — Permanent  Establishment 
Records  and  Functions 

All  the  permanent  bureaus  of  the  Department  of  Labor  and  the 
Division  of  Conciliation  engaged  in  war  emergency  work.  The  files 
for  the  war  period  form  part  of  the  regular  files  of  the  bureaus  and 
are  not  open  for  general  inspection.  This  is  true  also  of  the  records 
of  the  Employment  Service  and  Women’s  Bureau,  which  have  been 
continued  as  peace-time  organizations.  The  general  regulation  of  the 
department  regarding  access  to  records  is  as  follows: 

No  account,  letter,  record,  file,  or  other  document  or  paper  in  the 
custody  of  the  Department,  or  any  bureau,  office,  or  officer  thereof, 
shall  on  any  occasion  be  taken  or  withdrawal  by  any  agent,  attorney 
or  other  person  not  officially  connected  with  the  Department ;  no  ex¬ 
ception  will  be  made  without  the  written  consent  of  the  Secretary. 

Copies  of  accounts,  letters,  records,  files,  and  other  documents  or 
papers  shall  not  be  furnished  to  any  person  except  with  the  woritten 
consent  of  the  Secretary.  Such  written  consent  will  be  granted  only 
to  such  persons  as  may  have  a  personal  material  interest  in  the  sub¬ 
ject  matter  of  the  papers  or  at  their  request. 

The  Secretary  of  Labor  directs  the  collection  and  dissemination 
of  statistics  relating  to  the  conditions  of  labor  and  the  products  of 
labor,  collects  and  publishes  information  regarding  labor  interests 
and  labor  controversies  in  the  United  States  and  other  countries, 
appoints  commissioners  of  conciliation  in  labor  disputes,  is  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  immigration  laws  and  naturalization  laws, 
and  supervises  matters  pertaining  to  children.  During  the  war  he 


DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOR 


229 


was  a  member  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense  and  chairman  of 
the  President’s  Mediation  Commission.  With  the  aid  of  an  Advisory 
Council  and  the  War  Labor  Conference  Board  he  formulated  the 
national  war  labor  program  and  directed  the  administration  of  that 
program. 

Publications 

The  Fifth  Annual  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  Labor  for  the  Fiscal 
Year  ended  June  SO,  1917  (Washington,  1917,  159  pages).  Contains  a 
statement  relative  to  mediation  in  each  of  numerous  labor  disputes  under 
war  conditions,  reviews  the  war  work  of  the  United  States  Employment 
Service,  mentions  special  studies  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  with 
reference  to  the  war,  and  discusses  war-time  naturalizations. 

Sixth  Annual  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  Labor  .  .  .  June  30,  1918 
(Washington,  1918,  231  pages).  Mediation  in  labor  disputes ;  War  La¬ 
bor  Administration  (Advisory  Council,  National  War  Labor  Board, 
War  Labor  Policies  Board,  Women  in  Industry  Service,  Bureau  of  In¬ 
dustrial  Housing  and  Transportation,  Information  and  Education  Serv¬ 
ice,  Training  and  Dilution  Service,  Investigation  and  Inspection  Service, 
Working  Conditions  Service,  Division  of  Negro  Economics)  ;  special 
war  activities  of  the  Bureau  of  Immigration;  special  Americanization 
work  of  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization;  woman  labor  for  war  industries. 

Seventh  Annual  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  Labor  .  .  .  June  30, 1919 
(Washington,  1919,  304  pages).  Mediation  in  labor  disputes ;  War  La¬ 
bor  Administration ;  war  activities  of  the  United  States  Employment 
Service  and  the  Bureau  of  Immigration;  importation  of  laborers  for 
war  necessities. 

Eighth  Annual  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  Labor  .  .  .  June  30,  1920 
(Washington,  1920,  269  pages).  Contains  a  historical  review  of  the 
Department  of  Labor  prior  to  1920  with  special  reference  to  war-time 
activities. 

Labor's  Relation  to  the  World  War  (Washington,  1918,  28  pages). 
Address  by  W.  B.  Wilson,  Secretary  of  Labor,  an  appeal  to  labor  as  the 
determining  factor  in  the  war. 

BUREAU  OF  LABOR  STATISTICS 
Functions 

This  bureau  was  especially  concerned  during  the  war  with  the 
gathering  and  classification  of  data  bearing  on  war-time  neces¬ 
sities  and  policies,  such  as  wage  rates  and  retail  prices  in  com- 


230 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


munities  affected  by  the  expansion  in  industry,  types  of  collective 
bargaining,  industrial  hazards  from  accident  and  disease  and  the 
employment  of  women  in  men’s  occupations. 

Publications 

The  bureau  printed  its  data  currently  in  its  Monthly  Review 
(name  changed  to  Monthly  Labor  Review  with  the  July  issue, 
1918)  and  in  special  bulletins  forming  a  “Labor  as  affected  by 
the  war  series.”  The  studies  in  the  cost  of  living  published  hy  the 
bureau  formed  the  basis  of  many  of  the  wage  awards  of  the  vari¬ 
ous  labor  adjustment  boards,  while  a  series  of  pamphlets  descrip¬ 
tive  of  different  occupations  was  prepared  for  the  Employment 
Service. 

Articles  in  Monthly  Labor  Review: 

“Protection  of  labor  standards”  (May,  1917,  pp.  647-661).  Includes 
texts  of  recommendations  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense  and  of  its 
Committee  on  Labor  issued  in  April,  1917,  and  of  resolutions  of  the  Ameri¬ 
can  Association  for  Labor  Legislation. 

“Maintenance  of  existing  labor  standards”  (June,  1917,  pp.  807-809). 

“Methods  of  meeting  the  demands  for  labor”  (September,  1917,  pp.  74- 
84). 

“Compulsory  work  laws  and  laws  to  prevent  interference  with  employ¬ 
ment”  (September,  1917,  pp.  113-115). 

“Cost  of  Living  in  the  District  of  Columbia”  (October,  1917-April,  1918). 

“Prices  and  cost  of  living”  (October,  1917-December,  1921). 

“Dope  poisoning  in  the  manufacture  of  airplane  wings”  (October,  1917, 
pp.  18-25;  February,  1918,  pp.  37-64). 

“Plans  for  adjustment  of  disputes  in  shipyards  and  in  loading  and  un¬ 
loading  ships”  (October,  1917,  pp.  26-29). 

“Standards  of  labor  in  the  manufacture  of  army  clothing  in  the  United 
States”  (October,  1917,  pp.  30-33). 

“Labor  policy  of  the  War  Department”  (December,  1917,  pp.  51-53). 

“Wage  increases  in  the  navy  yards”  (December,  1917,  pp.  103-109). 

“Some  considerations  affecting  the  replacement  of  men  by  women  workers” 
(January,  1918,  pp.  56-64). 

“Award  of  board  of  arbitration  in  New  York  harbor  wage  adjustment” 
(January,  1918,  pp.  230-233). 

“Risk  and  avoidance  of  T  N  T  poisoning”  (February,  1918,  pp.  13-35). 

“Adjustment  of  shipbuilding  disputes  on  the  Pacific  coast”  (March, 
1918,  pp.  67-76).  Includes  texts  of  agreements  and  wage  scales. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOR 


231 


“Industrial  and  agricultural  labor  and  the  next  army  draft”  (April,  1918, 
pp.  105-108). 

“Women  street  railway  employees”  (May,  1918,  pp.  1-22). 

“Labor  award  in  the  packing-house  industries”  (May,  1918,  pp.  116-127). 

“Recent  awards  of  the  Shipbuilding  Labor  Adjustment  Board”  (May, 
1918,  pp.  127-142). 

“Order  of  Director  General  of  Railroads  fixing  wages  of  railroad  em¬ 
ployees”  (June,  1918,  pp.  1-21).  Includes  text  of  order  promulgated  May 
25,  1918  (General  order  No.  27)  ;  (for  supplementary  orders  see  September, 
1918,  pp.  131-134;  October,  1918,  pp.  130-139;  February,  1919,  pp.  163- 
166;  and  June,  1919,  pp.  146-164). 

“Labor  turnover  of  seamen  on  the  Great  Lakes”  (June,  1918,  pp.  46-53). 

“New  York  harbor  employees”  (July,  1918,  pp.  1-21). 

“Association  of  harbor  boat  owners  and  employees  in  the  port  of  New 
York”  (August,  1918,  pp.  46-62). 

“Training  of  women  for  war  work;  a  bibliography”  (August,  1918,  pp. 
164-171). 

“New  York  harbor  wage  adjustment”  (September,  1918,  pp.  1-26). 

“Labor  adjustment  and  the  payment  of  bonuses  at  coal  mines”  (Septem¬ 
ber,  1918,  pp.  186-188). 

“Emergency  suspensions  and  variations  of  labor  laws”  (September,  1918, 
pp.  266-270). 

“Classification  of  war  industries  to  facilitate  distribution  of  labor  and 
materials”  (October,  1918,  pp.  28-34). 

“Adjusting  wages  to  the  cost  of  living”  (November,  1918,  pp.  1-6). 

“Organization  of  production  committees  at  bituminous  coal  mines”  (No¬ 
vember,  1918,  pp.  36-38). 

“Proposed  legislation  on  reconstruction  in  the  United  States”  (Novem¬ 
ber,  1918,  pp.  48-63).  This  is  one  of  numerous  articles  in  this  and  subse¬ 
quent  numbers  of  the  Review  on  reconstruction  in  industry. 

“Wage  situation  in  anthracite  and  bituminous  coal  districts”  (November, 

1918,  pp.  166-170). 

“Problem  of  the  crippled  man  in  industry”  (December,  1918,  pp.  18-30). 

“New  wage  adjustment  in  shipbuilding  industry”  (December,  1918,  pp. 
197-212). 

“Relation  of  cost  of  living  to  the  public  health;  a  standard  minimum  of 
health  budget”  (January,  1919,  pp.  1-10). 

“Method  of  applying  wage  increases  to  pieceworkers  interpreted  by  Di¬ 
rector  General  of  Railroads”  (January,  1919,  pp.  167-171;  February,  1919, 
pp.  150-153). 

“Growth  of  employee’s  representation  and  collective  bargaining”  (March, 

1919,  pp.  163-162). 

“Work  of  Woman’s  service  section.  United  States  Railroad  Administra¬ 
tion”  (March,  1919,  pp.  209-212). 


232  OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

“Influence  of  the  war  on  accident  rates  in  machine  building”  (April,  1919, 

pp.  12-22). 

“Labor  provisions  in  the  Peace  treaty”  (August,  1919,  pp.  27-39). 

“A  study  of  rents  in  various  cities”  (September,  1919,  pp.  9-30). 

“Summary  of  increased  cost  of  living,  July,  1914i,  to  June,  1919”  (Octo¬ 
ber,  1919,  pp.  1-8). 

“Basic  rates  of  wages  in  government  arsenals  [1914-1919]”  (October, 
1919,  pp.  126-130). 

“National  Industrial  Conference,  Washington,  D.  C.”  (November,  1919, 
pp.  40-49). 

“The  bituminous  coal  strike”  (December,  1919,  pp.  61-78). 

“The  steel  strike”  (December,  1919,  pp.  79-94). 

“The  strike  of  the  longshoremen  at  the  port  of  New  York”  (December, 
1919,  pp.  96-116). 

Bulletins : 

No.  244.  Labor  legislation  of  1917  (430  pages). 

No.  267.  Labor  legislation  of  1918  (169  pages). 

No.  266.  Industrial  survey  in  selected  industries  in  the  United  States, 
1919  (609  pages). 

No.  269.  Wholesale  prices,  1890  to  1919  (206  pages). 

No.  270.  Retail  prices,  1913  to  December,  1919  (498  pages). 

No.  277.  Labor  legislation  of  1919  (409  pages). 

No.  283.  History  of  Shipbuilding  Labor  Adjustment  Board,  1917-1919 
(107  pages). 

No.  287.  History  of  the  War  Labor  Board  (334  pages). 

BUREAU  OF  IMMIGRATION 
Functions 

The  Bureau  of  Immigration,  as  its  principal  war  functions,  had 
the  care  of  certain  interned  aliens,  supervised  measures  for  main¬ 
taining  the  provisions  of  the  seamen’s  law,  enforced  passport  regu¬ 
lations,  assisted  in  the  enforcement  of  the  espionage,  trading  with 
the  enemy,  and  sabotage  acts,  and  controlled  the  importation  of 
laborers  for  war  necessities.  The  employment  work  begun  by  its 
Division  of  Information  was  taken  over  by  the  Employment  Service 
as  a  separate  organization  in  January,  1918. 

Publications 

Annual  Report  of  the  Commissioner  General  of  Immigration  .  .  . 
1917  (Washington,  1917,  231  pages).  Brief  review  of  the  bureau’s  part 


DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOR 


233 


in  the  war,  a  statement  relative  to  the  war  emergency  work  of  the  Divi¬ 
sion  of  Information,  and  statistics  of  immigration. 

Annu^il  Report  of  the  Commissioner  General  of  Immigration  .  .  . 

1918  (Washington,  1918,  322  pages).  Contains  an  account  of  the  Bu¬ 
reau’s  most  important  war  activities  and  discusses  the  subject  of  impor¬ 
tation  of  labor  for  war  necessities.  Appendix  I  contains  statistics  of 
immigration;  Appendix  III  contains  the  text  of  the  report  of  the  con¬ 
ference  of  steamship  interests  and  the  various  seamen’s  unions  held  in 
Washington  in  August,  1917,  at  the  call  of  the  Secretary  of  Commerce 
and  the  Secretary  of  Labor  acting  jointly. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Commissioner  General  of  Immigration  .  .  . 

1919  (Washington,  1919,  412  pages).  Contains  a  summary  of  the  bu¬ 
reau’s  activities  for  the  enforcement  of  travel-control  regulations  and  of 
activities  in  connection  with  the  importation  of  laborers  for  war  neces¬ 
sities.  Appendix  I  contains  statistics  of  immigration ;  Appendix  III  con¬ 
tains  a  brief  report  on  seamen’s  work. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Chief  of  the  Division  of  Information,  1918 
(Washington,  1919,  30  pages).  Historical  sketch  of  the  origin  and  early 
development  of  the  Employment  Service. 

BUREAU  OF  NATURALIZATION 

The  war  work  of  the  Bureau  of  Naturalization  had  to  do  prin¬ 
cipally  with  facilitating  the  naturalization  of  aliens  in  the  military 
and  naval  services  of  the  United  States  and  wdth  the  Americaniza¬ 
tion  of  the  foreign-born. 

Publications 

The  Annual  Reports  of  the  Commissioner  of  N aturalization  for  1917, 
1918,  and  1919  (Washington,  1917,  1918,  1919;  79  pages,  71  pages, 
111  pages),  contain  but  little  material  pertinent  to  this  survey  other 
than  a  statement  relative  to  military  naturalization  (^Report  for  1919) 
and  accounts  of  the  cooperation  of  the  bureau  with  the  public  schools 
in  Americanization  activities. 

CHILDREN’S  BUREAU 

Functions 

During  the  war  the  Children’s  Bureau  was  primarily  concerned 
with  conserving,  so  far  as  possible,  peace-time  standards  of  life  and 
labor  for  children  and  mothers,  particularly  the  keeping  of  children 


234 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


in  school  as  a  safeguard  against  child  labor  and  illiteracy,  and  as¬ 
suring  adequate  living  incomes  to  the  families  of  men  in  the  military 
service. 

Publications 

Annual  Report  of  the  Chief,  Children’s  Bureau,  to  the  Secretary  of 
Labor,  1917  (Washington,  1917,  50  pages).  Contains  a  “Brief  war¬ 
time  program”  and  an  account  of  “Studies  of  child  welfare  in  the  war¬ 
ring  countries  and  their  bearing  upon  war  conditions  in  the  United 
States.” 

Annual  Report  of  the  Chief ,  Children’s  Bureau  .  .  .1918  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1918,  27  pages).  Measures  of  the  President  and  the  War  Labor 
Policies  Board  with  regard  to  child  labor;  program  for  “Children’s 
Year.” 

Annual  Report  of  the  Chief,  Children’s  Bureau  .  .  .1919  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1919,  32  pages).  Results  of  “Children’s  Year”;  “Children’s  Year” 
follow-up ;  effects  of  the  child-labor  clause  in  government  contracts. 

Governmental  Provisions  in  the  United  States  and  Foreign  Countries 
for  Members  of  the  Military  Forces  and  their  Dependents,  by  S.  Herbert 
Wolfe  (Bureau  publication  No.  28,  Washington,  1917,  236  pages). 
This  is  a  study  that  was  undertaken  for  the  purpose  of  securing  sug¬ 
gestions  for  a  system  of  soldiers’  compensation  in  the  United  States 
which  was  regarded  as  “basic  to  the  consideration  of  child  welfare  in 
war  time.” 

Children’s  Year  Leaflets: 

No.  3.  Children’s  Year  Working  Program  (12  pages). 

No.  7.  Back-to-School  Drive  (8  pages). 

No.  8.  Suggestions  to  Local  Committees  for  the  Back-to-School  Drive  (8 
pages). 

No.  10.  Advising  Children  in  Their  Choice  of  Occupation  and  Supervising 
the  Working  Child  (14  pages). 

No.  13.  The  States  and  Child  Labor  (46  pages). 

Children’s  Year  Follow-up  Series: 

No.  3.  Every  Child  in  School:  a  Safeguard  against  Child  Labor  and  Illit¬ 
eracy  (15  pages). 

No.  4.  Children’s  Year:  a  Brief  Summary  of  Work  Done  and  Suggestions 
for  Follom-up  Work  (20  pages). 


Records 

The  files  of  the  bureau  contain  the  records  of  the  inspections 
made  in  connection  with  war  contracts  under  the  ruling  of  the  War 


DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOR 


235 


Labor  Policies  Board  that  all  government  contracts  should  meet  the 
minimum  requirements  of  the  federal  child  labor  act  which  the 
Supreme  Court  declared  unconstitutional  June  3,  1918.  A  report 
on  these  “Special  inspections  of  establishments  engaged  in  war 
production”  is  printed  in  Bureau  publication  No.  78:  Adminis¬ 
tration  of  the  First  Federal  Child-Labor  Law  (Washington,  1921, 
pp.  133-161). 


DIVISION  OF  CONCILIATION 

The  act  creating  the  Department  of  Labor  gave  the  Secretary 
“power  to  act  as  mediator  and  to  appoint  commissioners  of  concilia¬ 
tion  in  labor  disputes  whenever  in  his  judgement  the  interests  of 
industrial  peace  may  require  it  to  be  done.”  The  number  of  dis¬ 
putes  calling  for  government  mediation  increased  enormously  with 
the  beginning  of  the  war,  and  during  the  war  the  division  func¬ 
tioned  as  the  Labor  Adjustment  Service  in  the  war  labor  adminis¬ 
tration  of  the  Department  of  Labor.  Reports  of  its  activities  ap¬ 
pear  in  the  Monthly  Labor  Review  and  in  the  Annual  Reports  of 
the  Secretary  of  Labor.  The  files  for  the  war  period  form  part  of 
the  permanent  files  of  the  service. 


Department  of  Labor — Emergency  Services 

UNITED  STATES  BOYS’  WORKING  RESERVE 

Functions 

The  Boys’  Working  Reserve  was  organized  in  April,  1917,  for 
the  purpose  of  mobilizing  boys  over  sixteen  and  under  twenty-one 
years  of  age  for  war  work,  chiefly  in  food  production,  but  also  in 
the  manufacture  of  war-essential  material.  It  was  organized  in  three 
units:  (1)  agricultural,  (2)  industrial,  and  (3)  vocational,  and 
had  branches  in  every  State.  From  January,  1918,  to  June,  1919, 
it  functioned  as  a  division  of  the  United  States  Employment  Serv¬ 
ice. 

Publications 

Booklet  of  Information  (n.p.,  n.d.,  15  pages).  Organization  of  the 
service,  its  operations,  accomplishments,  and  plans. 


236 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Boy  Power  (monthly,  November,  1917,  to  June,  1919).  The  official 
bulletin  of  the  organization. 

Making  Boy  Power  Count  (Washington,  1919,  8  pages). 

“United  States  Boys’  Working  Reserve”  is  a  particularly  informing 
article  in  the  Monthly  [Zafeor]  Review  (June,  1917,  pp.  991-993).  An 
address  on  the  same  subject  by  H.  W.  Wells,  associate  director  of  the 
Reserve,  is  printed  in  the  Journal  of  the  National  Education  Associa¬ 
tion,  October,  1918,  pp.  113-115. 

UNITED  STATES  PUBLIC  SERVICE  RESERVE 

Fvmctions 

This  agency  was  organized,  June  14,  1917,  by  the  Secretary  of 
Labor,  for  the  registration  of  adult  male  citizens  who  desired  to 
offer  their  services  to  the  government  either  with  or  without  com¬ 
pensation,  to  work  either  directly  on  government  enterprises  or  in 
enterprises  engaged  in  service  for  the  government.  It  became,  in 
January,  1918,  the  recruiting  arm  of  the  United  States  Employ¬ 
ment  Service  in  securing  labor  for  war  industries. 

Publications 

The  Armual  Reports  of  the  Director  General,  United  States  Employ¬ 
ment  Service,  1918  and  1919  (Washington,  1919),  contain  brief  re¬ 
views  of  the  activities  of  the  Public  Service  Reserve. 

The  U.S.  Employment  Service  Bulletin  (January,  1918-February, 
1919),  contains  items  relative  to  the  Public  Service  Reserve. 

“Functions  of  the  United  States  Public  Service  Reserve  and  Its  Rela¬ 
tion  to  the  United  States  Employment  Service”  is  the  subject  of  an  ad¬ 
dress  by  its  director,  William  E.  Hall,  printed  in  the  Report  of  Pro¬ 
ceedings  of  the  National  Labor  Conference,  Washington,  June  13-15, 
1918  (Washington,  1918,  pp.  15-19). 

“Plans  of  the  U.S.  Public  Service  Reserve  to  put  the  right  man  in  the 
right  job  in  war  work  requiring  skilled  labor”  is  the  subject  of  an  arti¬ 
cle  in  the  United  States  Official  Bulletin  (January  28,  1918,  p.  4). 

The  purpose  of  the  agency  and  plan  of  operation  are  set  forth 
io.\he  Monthly  [Labor]  Review  (September,  1917,  pp.  77-79). 

Records 

The  records  of  the  agency  were  to  a  large  extent  of  temporary 


DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOR 


237 


value.  Such  material  as  has  been  preserved  forms  part  of  the  files 
of  the  United  States  Employment  Service. 


UNITED  STATES  EMPLOYMENT  SERVICE 

Functions 

A  public  employment  service  originated  in  1907  in  the  Division 
of  Information  of  the  Bureau  of  Immigration.  It  developed  rapidly 
after  the  outbreak  of  the  war  in  Europe  in  1914  and  on  January 
3,  1918,  was,  by  departmental  order,  established  as  the  United 
States  Employment  Service,  a  distinct  unit  in  the  office  of  the  Sec¬ 
retary  of  Labor.  It  absorbed,  as  divisions,  the  Public  Service  Re¬ 
serve  and  the  Boys’  Working  Reserve,  and  there  were  besides  a 
Farm  Service  Division,  a  Women’s  Division,  a  Division  of  Steve¬ 
dores  and  Marine  Workers,  a  Mining  Division,  and  a  Negro  Divi¬ 
sion.  The  United  States  was  divided  into  thirteen  districts  each 
having  a  number  of  employment  offices.  Each  district  was  in  charge 
of  a  superintendent  and  there  was  a  federal  director  in  each  State. 
By  presidential  proclamation,  dated  June  17,  1918,  the  Employ¬ 
ment  Service  was  made  the  central  recruiting  agency  for  unskilled 
labor  needed  in  all  war  industries.  After  the  signing  of  the  armis¬ 
tice  the  service  was  engaged  in  finding  employment  for  discharged 
soldiers  and  civilian  war  workers. 

Publications 

Annual  Report  of  the  Director  General,  U.S.  Employment  Service 
.  .  .  1918  (Washington,  1919,  59  pages).  A  summary  of  activities  of 
the  Public  Service  Reserve,  Boys’  Working  Reserve,  Farm  Service  Sec¬ 
tion,  Women’s  Division,  Skilled  Labor  Section,  and  Unskilled  Labor  Sec¬ 
tion. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Director  General,  U.S.  Employment  Service 
.  .  .  1919  (Washington,  1919,  174  pages).  War  activities  (pp.  5-17)  ; 
post-war  activities  (pp.  17-24). 

Annual  Report  of  the  Director  General,  U.S.  Employment  Service 
.  .  .  1920  (Washington,  1920,  43  pages).  Soldier  and  sailor  place¬ 
ments  (pp.  17-18)  ;  farm  and  harvest  work  (pp.  18-22)  ;  status  and 
future  of  the  U.S.  Employment  Service  (pp.  40-43). 

U.S.  Employment  Service  Bulletin  (weekly,  January  28,  1918,  to 


238 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


February  28,  1919).  Contains  information  relative  to  labor  and  labor 
conditions  throughout  the  United  States. 

Report  of  Proceedings  of  the  National  War  Labor  Conference  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1918,  91  pages).  This  was  a  conference  of  district  superintend¬ 
ents  and  state  directors  of  the  Employment  Service,  held  in  Washington, 
June  13-15,  1918,  to  discuss  employment  problems,  particularly  the  re¬ 
cruiting  and  distribution  of  unskilled  labor. 

Directory  of  Placement  Offices,  U.S.  Employment  Service  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1919,  24  pages).  Indicates  the  location  of  the  various  U.S.  Em¬ 
ployment  Service  offices  in  each  State. 

National  Labor  Recruiting  Program  (Washington,  1918,  4  pages). 
Contains  text  of  recommendations  of  the  War  Labor  Policies  Board  and 
statement  by  the  President  regarding  the  recruiting  of  civilian  workers 
for  war  industries. 

In  Hearings,  June  18-20,  1918,  before  the  subcommittee  of  the  Sen¬ 
ate  Committee  on  appropriations  on  the  sundry  civil  appropriation  biU, 
1919,  H.R.  12441  (Washington,  1918),  is  a  statement  by  John  B.  Dens- 
more  relative  to  the  work  of  the  U.S.  Employment  Service,  of  which  he 
was  the  Director  General  (pp.  134-155). 

Articles  in  the  Monthly  Labor  Review: 

“Federal  employment  work  of  the  Department  of  Labor”  (September, 

1917,  pp.  80-84). 

“How  the  United  States  Employment  Service  is  mobilizing  workers”  (May, 

1918,  pp.  191-205). 

“Activities  of  the  United  States  Employment  Service”  (July,  1918,  pp. 
133-137). 

“Federal  employment  service  and  demobilization  of  the  army  and  of  war 
workers”  (January,  1919,  pp.  119-125). 

“Reconstruction  activities  of  the  United  States  Employment  Service” 
(February,  1919,  pp.  117-123). 

“Review  of  the  activities  of  the  United  States  Employment  Service,  com¬ 
piled  from  articles  in  the  United  States  Employment  Service  Bulletin” 
(April,  1919,  pp.  140-145). 

“The  U.S.  Employment  Service  in  relation  to  the  Demobilization  of  La¬ 
bor,”  article  by  Nathan  A.  Smyth,  Assistant  Director  General  of  the  Service, 
in  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Political  Science  (February,  1919,  pp. 
179-187). 

The  library.  Department  of  Labor,  has  a  mimeographed  copy  of 
Weekly  Reports  on  Labor  Conditions  issued  by  the  U.S.  Employment 
Service  from  November,  1918,  to  June,  1919,  and  also  a  typewritten 
copy  of  the  Manual  of  the  United  States  Employment  Service. 


DEPARTMENT  OF  LABOR 


239 


THE  PRESIDENT’S  MEDIATION  COMMISSION 

Functions 

This  body  was  appointed  by  the  President  September  19,  1917, 
to  act  as  his  personal  representative  in  investigating,  composing 
differences,  allaying  misunderstandings,  and  ascertaining  the  real 
causes  of  labor’s  discontent  in  the  copper  districts  of  Arizona,  the 
oil  fields  of  California,  and  the  timber  districts  of  the  Northwest. 
Subsequently  the  Commission  visited  Chicago  where  a  strike  in  the 
meat-packing  establishments  was  threatened.  It  made  two  reports. 

The  text  of  the  President’s  memorandum  to  the  Secretary  of 
Labor,  naming  the  members  of  the  Commission  and  defining  its 
duties,  is  printed  in  the  United  States  Official  Bulletin  (September 
21,  1917,  p.  1). 


Publications 

President's  Mediation  Commission.  Report  on  the  Bishee  Deporta¬ 
tions  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  November  6,  1917  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1917,  7  pages).  Reprinted  in  full  in  the  Monthly  ^Lahor^  Review 
(January,  1918,  pp.  13-17). 

Report  of  the  President's  Mediation  Commission  to  the  President  of 
the  United  States  (Washington,  1918,  21  pages).  Contents:  mediation 
of  specific  difficulties ;  disputes  in  Arizona  copper  districts ;  California 
oil  fields  dispute;  Pacific  coast  telephone  dispute;  unrest  in  the  lumber 
industry  of  the  Pacific  Northwest;  packing  industry  dispute;  causes 
of  labor  difficulties ;  recommendations.  This  report,  accompanied  with 
recommendations  for  removing  the  causes  of  unrest,  is  reprinted  in  full 
in  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  Labor,  1918  (pp.  11-28).  An 
account  of  later  work  of  administrators  constituted  to  adjust  differ¬ 
ences  is  contained  in  the  Annual  Report  of  the  Secretary  of  Labor,  1919 
(pp.  20-24,  42-43). 

“Adjustment  of  Labor  Difficulties  in  Arizona  Copper  Region,”  arti¬ 
cle  in  [Labor]  Review  (December,  1917,  pp.  53-57). 

In  the  Matter  of  the  Arbitration  of  Six  Questions  concerning  Wages, 
Hours,  and  Conditions  of  Labor  in  certain  Packing  House  Industries, 
by  Agreement  Submitted  for  Decision  to  a  United  States  Administrator 
([Chicago,  1918],  15  pages).  Contains  the  wage  award  issued  by  the 
administrator;  it  is  reprinted  in  the  Monthly  [Labor'\  Review,  May, 
1918,  pp.  115-127. 


240 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


War  Labor  Administration 
ADVISORY  COUNCIL 

An  advisory  council,  composed  of  men  and  women  representative 
of  employers,  wage  workers,  and  the  general  public,  was  appointed 
by  the  Secretary  of  Labor  in  January,  1918,  to  assist  him,  as  War 
Labor  Administrator,  in  formulating  the  war  labor  program  and  in 
organizing  an  adequate  administration.  The  general  plan  involved 
not  only  a  reorganization  and  extension  of  the  existing  organiza¬ 
tions  within  the  Department  of  Labor  so  as  to  make  them  suitable 
for  war-emergency  purposes,  but  it  also  provided  for  additional 
services  and  a  means  by  which  they  could  be  brought  into  proper 
administrative  relations  with  bureaus  in  other  departments.^  The 
memorandum  submitted  by  the  council  and  the  chart  of  organiza¬ 
tion  showing  the  relationships  of  the  proposed  services  to  existing 
agencies  in  other  Departments  are  printed  in  the  Armual  Report  of 
the  Secretary  of  Labor,  1918  (pp.  95-97). 

WAR  LABOR  CONFERENCE  BOARD 

On  January  28,  1918,  upon  the  advice  of  the  Ad\’isory  Council, 
the  Secretary  of  Labor  provided  for  the  creation  of  a  War  Labor 
Conference  Board  to  be  composed  of  a  group  of  five  representative 
employers  nominated  by  the  National  Industrial  Conference  Board, 
and  a  group  of  five  oflficers  of  national  labor  unions  nominated  by 
the  American  Federation  of  Labor,  each  group  to  select  a  repre¬ 
sentative  of  the  public  to  serve  alternately  as  chairman.  On  March 
29,  1918,  the  War  Labor  Conference  Board,  thus  constituted,  sub¬ 
mitted  a  unanimous  report  recommending  the  creation  of  a  Na¬ 
tional  War  Labor  Board  to  be  composed  of  the  same  number  of 
members  and  to  be  selected  by  the  same  agencies  as  the  War  Labor 
Conference  Board.  It  further  set  forth  in  this  report  the  principles 
and  policies  that  should  govern  the  relations  between  workers  and 
employers  in  war  industries  for  the  duration  of  the  war.  This  im¬ 
portant  report  is  printed  in  the  United  States  Official  Bulletin 
(April  1,  1918,  pp.  1  and  7),  and  in  Government  Organization  in 
War  Time  and  After,  by  W.  F.  Willoughby  (New  York,  1919,  pp. 
227-231). 


WAR  LABOR  ADMINISTRATION  241 

Publications 

“Labor  Program  of  the  Department  of  Labor”  by  William  B.  Wilson, 
Secretary  of  Labor,  in  Proceedings  of  the  Employment  Managers'  Con¬ 
ference,  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  May  9-11,  1918,  published  as  Bulletin  No. 
247,  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  (Washington,  1919,  160-171),  briefly 
reviews  the  evolution  of  the  war  labor  policy. 

American  Labor  and  the  War,  by  Samuel  Gompers  (New  York, 
1919,  377  pages).  Part  I,  addresses,  1914-1918:  labor  and  the  war; 
labor  and  national  unity ;  labor’s  function  in  war  time.  Part  II,  labor’s 
official  war  record  written  at  labor  conventions,  1914-1918.  [Unofficial.] 

Labor  Problems  and  Labor  Administration  in  the  United  States  dur¬ 
ing  the  World  War,  by  Gordon  S.  Watkins  (Urbana,  1920,  247  pages). 
Economic  reorganization  and  the  labor  problem ;  attitude  of  American 
labor  toward  the  war ;  labor  conditions  in  relation  to  production ;  analy¬ 
sis  of  recent  industrial  unrest ;  decentralized  labor  administration ;  co¬ 
ordination  in  labor  administration.  [Unofficial.] 

The  following  articles  relative  to  the  War  Labor  Conference  Board 
appeared  in  the  Monthly  Labor  Review: 

“Uniformity  in  Federal  labor  poliey”  (February,  1918,  pp.  77-81). 

“War  Labor  Conferenee  Board”  (April,  1918,  pp.  103-105). 

“Organization  of  the  war  labor  administration  completed”  (August,  1918, 
pp.  63-71). 


NATIONAL  WAR  LABOR  BOARD 

Fu/nctions 

The  National  War  Labor  Board  was  appointed  by  the  Secre¬ 
tary  of  Labor  in  accordance  with  the  recommendation  of  the  War 
Labor  Conference  Board  of  March  29,  1918,  and  was  formally 
constituted  by  proclamation  of  the  President  of  April  8,  1918.  Its 
powers  and  duties  were  defined  in  the  proclamation  as  follows : 

The  powers,  functions,  and  duties  of  the  National  War  Labor  Board  shall 
be  to  settle  by  mediation  and  conciliation  controversies  arising  between  em¬ 
ployers  and  workers  in  fields  of  production  necessary  for  the  effective 
conduct  of  the  war,  or  in  other  fields  of  national  activity,  delays  and  obstruc¬ 
tions  in  which  might,  in  the  opinion  of  the  National  Board,  affect  detri¬ 
mentally  such  production;  to  provide,  by  direct  appointment  or  otherwise, 
for  committees  or  boards  to  sit  in  various  parts  of  the  country  where  con¬ 
troversies  arise  and  secure  settlement  by  local  mediation  and  conciliation; 
and  to  summon  the  parties  to  controversies  for  hearing  and  action  by  the 


242 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


National  Board  in  event  of  failure  to  secure  settlement  by  mediation  and 
conciliation. 

The  principles  to  be  observed  and  the  methods  to  be  followed  ...  in 
exercising  such  powers  and  functions  and  performing  such  duties  shall  be 
those  specified  in  the  .  .  .  report  of  the  War  Labor  Conference  Board  dated 
March  29,  1918  .  .  , 

The  National  Board  shall  refuse  to  take  cognizance  of  a  controversy  be¬ 
tween  employer  and  workers  in  any  field  of  industrial  or  other  activity  where 
there  is  by  agreement  or  Federal  law  a  means  of  settlement  which  has  not 
been  invoked. 

The  board  continued  to  function  for  some  months  after  the  armi¬ 
stice  but  was  practically  discontinued  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  in 
June,  1919.  On  August  12,  1919,  it  held  its  final  meeting  and  for¬ 
mally  dissolved. 

Publications 

National  War  Labor  Board  {Bulletin  No.  287,  Bureau  of  Labor 
Statistics,  Washington,  1922,  334  pages)  is  a  publication  of  funda¬ 
mental  importance  for  a  study  of  the  work  of  the  board.  It  is  a  his¬ 
tory  of  its  formation  and  activities  accompanied  by  the  more  impor¬ 
tant  documents,  and  contains  a  summary  and  analysis  of  its  awards. 

Report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  National  War  Labor  Board  to  the  Sec¬ 
retary  of  Labor  for  the  twelve  months  ending  May  31,  1919  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1920,  149  pages).  Origin  of  cases;  execution  of  awards,  hearings 
by  board  and  examiners ;  administration  of  awards.  Appendix  I  is  a 
special  report  on  public  utility  cases  (pp.  35-48)  ;  Appendix  II  is  an 
analysis  of  the  awards  (pp.  51-115). 

National  War  Labor  Board  Docket.  A  compilation  of  the  actions  of 
the  National  War  Labor  Board,  1918-1919  (Washington,  1919,  5 
volumes). 

Title  page,  table  of  contents,  and  some  of  the  docket  numbers  are 
typewritten,  other  docket  numbers  are  autographed  from  typewritten 
copy,  the  remainder  are  printed. 

Contents; — Vol.  1.  Docket  Nos.  1-150;  Bulletins  1  and  2;  letter  from  the 
President  of  the  United  States  to  manufacturers  at  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  Sep¬ 
tember  17,  1918;  letter  from  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  striking 
employees  at  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  September  13,  1918;  rulings  of  the  Na¬ 
tional  War  Labor  Board  in  the  Bridgeport  award;  organization  and  by¬ 
laws  for  collective  bargaining  committees  instituted  by  the  National  War 
Labor  Board  for  Bridgeport,  Conn.  Vol.  2.  Docket  Nos.  161-409.  Vol.  3. 
Docket  Nos.  410-770.  Vol.  4.  Docket  Nos.  771-1160.  Vol.  5.  Analysis  of 
awards  by  R.  P.  Reeder;  proclamation  of  the  President;  principles  and 


WAR  LABOR  ADMINISTRATION 


243 


rules  of  procedure;  organization  and  practice;  memorandum  report  of  the 
secretary  as  to  the  work  of  the  board  for  twelve  months  ending  May  31, 
1919;  index  to  docket  Nos.  1-1160. 

Aims  and  Purposes  of  the  National  War  Labor  Board  (Washington, 
1918,  15  pages).  A  bulletin  of  the  board;  consists  of  statements  by 
Frank  P.  Walsh,  joint  chairman,  printed  in  the  New  York  World  and 
St.  Louis  Post  Dispatch,  May  19,  1918. 

Proclamation  of  the  President  of  the  United  States  Creating  the  Na¬ 
tional  War  Labor  Board;  Its  Functions  and  Powers;  Principles  Govern¬ 
ing  Industry;  Methods  of  Presenting  Complaints  and  Procedure  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1918, 11  pages). 

Principles  and  Rides  of  Procedure  (Washington,  1919,  16  pages). 

Memorandum  on  the  Eight-Hour  Working  Day  for  the  members  of 
the  National  War  Labor  Board,  submitted  by  the  Secretary,  July  20, 
1918  (Washington,  1918,  104  pages).  Part  1,  recent  application  of 
the  eight-hour  day ;  Part  2,  application  of  the  federal  eight-hour  law 
in  war  time;  Part  3,  effect  of  the  reduction  of  hours  upon  output  in 
various  industries. 

Memorandum  on  the  Minimum  Wage  and  Increased  Cost  of  Living  for 
the  members  of  the  National  War  Labor  Board,  submitted  by  the  Secre¬ 
tary  July  12,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  148  pages).  Part  1,  digest  and 
critical  analysis ;  Part  2,  budgetary  studies  and  statements  relating 
thereto. 

In  Re  National  War  Labor  Board,  by  League  for  Industrial  Rights 
(New  York  [1918],  231  pages).  [UnofBcial.] 

Part  1,  principles  and  functions;  Part  2,  digest  of  decisions;  Part  3, 
extracts  from  brief  submitted  by  manufacturers  in  Bridgeport  case.  Supple¬ 
ment  No.  1:  Part  1,  digest  of  additional  decisions;  Part  2,  summary  of  re¬ 
quired  standards  and  recommendations  of  the  War  Labor  Policies  Board 
relating  to  the  employment  of  women.  Supplement  No.  2:  Part  1,  digest  of 
additional  decisions;  Part  2,  rulings  of  the  National  War  Labor  Board  in 
the  Bridgeport  award;  Part  3,  memorandum  on  manufacturer’s  appeal  from 
examiners’  ruling  in  Bridgeport  case;  Part  4,  organization  and  by-laws  for 
collective  bargaining  committees  in  Bridgeport,  instituted  by  the  National 
War  Labor  Board. 

The  Western  Union  and  the  War  Labor  Board  (New  York,  1918,  40 
pages).  Prime  facts  and  steps  taken;  reasons  for  the  company’s  posi¬ 
tion;  War  Labor  Board  report;  attitude  of  the  Post  Office  Department 
on  the  same  problem.  [Unofficial.] 

Organization  and  By-Laws  for  Collective  Bargammg  Committees,  in¬ 
stituted  by  the  National  War  Labor  Board  for  Bridgeport,  Conn. 


244  OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

(Bridgeport,  n.d. ;  reprinted  in  Monthly  Labor  Review,  May,  1919,  pp. 
192-200). 

War-Time  Strikes  and  Their  Adjustment,  by  Alexander  M.  Bing 
(New  York,  1921,  329  pages).  A  recital  of  the  labor  difficulties  which 
occurred  during  the  war  and  an  account  of  the  mediating  agencies  cre¬ 
ated  to  adjust  them.  [Unofficial.] 

Articles  in  the  Monthly  Labor  Review: 

“National  War  Labor  Board — its  purposes  and  functions”  (May,  1918, 
pp.  64-58). 

“President  sustains  National  War  Labor  Board’s  decision  in  telegraph 
dispute”  (July,  1918,  pp.  21-22).  Contains  text  of  President’s  letter  to  the 
telegraph  companies. 

“Basic  eight-hour  day  and  minimum  wage  involved  in  decisions  of  National 
War  Labor  Board”  (August,  1918,  pp.  72-75). 

“Awards  and  decisions  of  the  National  War  Labor  Board”  (September, 
1918,  pp.  27-37;  October,  1918,  pp.  19-28;  November,  1918,  pp.  29-36; 
January,  1919,  pp.  31-37;  April,  1919,  pp.  246-255). 

“National  War  Labor  Board  umpire’s  decision  in  Employees  vs.  Worthing¬ 
ton  Pump  and  Machinery  Corporation”  (February,  1919,  pp.  259-265). 

Records 

The  records  of  the  National  War  Labor  Board  are  in  the  cus¬ 
tody  of  the  Secretary  of  Labor  and  are  readily  accessible  to  the 
Conciliation  Service.  For  the  most  part  they  are  in  their  original 
filing  cases.  The  docket  group,  which  forms  the  main  part  of  the 
files,  is  arranged  by  docket  number,  with  a  card  index  to  the  cases, 
also  an  index  by  trade  and  occupation.  Here  are  filed  under  the 
docket  number  the  original  documents  in  each  case  with  copies  of 
complaints,  awards,  etc.  There  are  in  addition  two  book  records:  (1) 
the  appearance  docket  in  which  was  kept  a  chronological  record  of 
the  steps  relating  to  the  status  of  each  case  from  its  inception,  either 
by  original  complaint,  or  by  reference  from  some  other  governmental 
department;  (2)  the  permanent  docket  which  sets  forth  in  detail  all 
the  actions  described  in  the  appearance  docket,  all  awards  and  or¬ 
ders  of  the  board,  hearings,  resolutions  of  the  board,  and  other  mat¬ 
ters  necessary  for  a  full  and  complete  record  of  each  day’s  business. 

A  complete  file  of  all  awards  and  decisions,  arranged  by  docket 
and  number,  has  been  made  by  the  Department  of  Labor  Library 
and  bound  in  five  volumes  (see  above,  under  Publications).  With 


WAR  LABOR  ADMINISTRATION 


245 


them  is  bound  all  other  material  issued  in  connection  with  each  case 
and  an  analysis  of  awards  made  by  Robert  P.  Reeder. 

The  Library  of  Congress  and  the  Department  Library  have  each 
a  mimeographed  copy  of  a  “Summary  of  Awards  of  the  National 
War  Labor  Board  upon  Rights  to  Organize,  Women  in  Industry, 
and  Hours  of  Labor,”  by  Robert  P.  Reeder  (60  pages).  The  Li¬ 
brary  of  Congress  has  a  volume  of  sixty-one  mimeographed  reports 
— November  20,  1918,  to  March  4,  1919 — relative  to  the  National 
War  Labor  Board  that  were  prepared  from  press  clippings  by  the 
Division  of  Information  and  Files. 


WAR  LABOR  POLICIES  BOARD 
Functions  and  Publications 

As  recommended  by  the  Advisory  Council,  the  War  Labor  Policies 
Board  was  organized  by  the  Secretary  of  Labor,  May  13,  1918,  to 
harmonize  the  policies  of  the  numerous  government  bodies  dealing 
with  matters  affecting  labor.  It  was  made  up  of  representatives  from 
the  Department  of  Labor,  War  Department,  Navy  Department,  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture,  War  Industries  Board,  Shipping  Board, 
Emergency  Fleet  Corporation,  Food  Administration,  Fuel  Adminis¬ 
tration,  and  Railroad  Administration.  Its  principal  function  was  to 
determine,  directly  for  war  industries  and  indirectly  for  non-war  in¬ 
dustries,  questions  involving  the  distribution  of  labor,  wages,  hours, 
and  working  conditions.  Among  its  problems  were,  elimination  of 
labor  turnover,  adoption  of  uniform  standards  governing  working 
conditions,  granting  exemptions  from  the  draft  on  industrial 
grounds,  standardization  of  wages,  prevention  of  profiteering,  em¬ 
ployment  of  women,  and  child  labor.  The  execution  of  the  board’s 
decisions,  in  so  far  as  they  affected  war  industries,  was  left  to  the 
departments  or  other  government  agencies  represented  in  its  mem¬ 
bership.  In  non -war  industries  its  decisions  were  given  effect  through 
the  machinery  of  the  War  Industries  Board  which  controlled  the  flow 
of  raw  materials  to  all  industries. 

After  the  signing  of  the  armistice  the  War  Labor  Policies  Board 
was  concerned  with  devising  means  for  after-war  industrial  adjust¬ 
ment.  It  was  responsible,  too,  for  the  preparation  of  fourteen  pam¬ 
phlets  for  the  Peace  Conference  on  international  labor  standards 


246 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


and  the  labor  situation  in  several  European  countries.  The  board 
was  discontinued  in  March,  1919. 

For  the  functions  and  recommendations  of  the  War  Labor  Policies 
Board  in  various  matters  see  the  United  States  Official  Bulletin;  May 
17,  1918,  p.  13  (functions)  ;  June  15,  1918,  p.  10  (wages)  ;  June  25, 
1918,  p.  4  (wage  standards)  ;  July  1,  1918,  p.  11  (wage  regulation)  ; 
July  5,  1918,  p.  24  (standardization  of  labor)  ;  July  13,  1918,  p.  3 
(child  labor)  ;  July  17,  1918,  pp.  10,  13  (employment  of  women),  p. 
12  (stabilization  of  wages)  ;  July  20,  1918,  p.  15  (child  labor)  ;  July 
22,  1918,  p.  15  (changing  wages)  ;  July  25,  1918,  pp.  12,  15  (plan  for 
wage  standardization)  ;  September  30,  1918,  p.  15  (employment  of 
women)  ;  November  13,  1918,  p.  8  (labor  adjustment  problem). 

Articles  in  the  Monthly  Labor  Review: 

“Organization  and  functions  of  the  War  Labor  Policies  Board”  (July, 
1918,  pp.  23-27). 

“Standardized  contract  clause  for  government  purchases”  (November, 
1918,  pp.  38-40). 

“Conference  of  state  labor  officials,  Washington,  D.  C.,  September  30  and 
October  1,  1918”  (November,  1918,  pp.  40-46).  This  conference  was  called 
by  the  War  Labor  Policies  Board  to  discuss  effective  cooperation  in  carrying 
out  the  war  labor  program. 

Wages  and  the  War,  by  Hugh  S.  Hanna  and  W.  Jett  Lauck  (Cleve¬ 
land,  1918,  356  pages).  A  summary  of  wage  movements  from  1911  to 
1918.  [Unofficial.] 

The  War  Labor  Administration,  by  WUliam  L.  Chenery  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1918,  15  pages),  is  a  pamphlet  of  which  about  one-half  relates  to 
the  work  of  the  War  Labor  Policies  Board.  It  contains  the  clauses 
adopted  by  the  board  for  introduction  into  war  contracts. 

Records 

The  records  of  the  War  Labor  Policies  Board  have,  for  the  most 
part,  been  transferred  to  the  War  Department.  A  file  of  the  minutes 
of  the  meetings  of  the  board,  together  with  the  minutes  of  the  Con¬ 
ference  Committee  of  Labor  Adjustment  Agencies,  is  in  the  custody 
of  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics.  The  newspaper  clippings  col¬ 
lected  by  the  board,  a  file  of  the  Daily  Digest  of  Labor,  and  some 
general  papers  prepared  by  the  staff  of  the  board  are  in  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Labor  Library. 


WAR  LABOR  ADMINISTRATION 


247 


BUREAU  OF  INDUSTRIAL  HOUSING  AND  TRANSPORTA¬ 
TION;  UNITED  STATES  HOUSING  CORPORATION 

Organization  and  Functions 

One  of  the  most  pressing  problems  of  the  war  labor  administration 
was  that  of  housing  the  large  numbers  of  workers  that  gathered  in 
the  industrial  centers  far  in  excess  of  housing  facilities.  The  Bureau 
of  Industrial  Housing  and  Transportation,  Department  of  Labor, 
was  organized  in  February,  1918,  to  handle  the  problem.  Congress, 
by  acts  of  May  16,  June  4,  and  July  8,  1918,  made  $100,000,000 
available  “for  the  purposes  of  providing  housing,  local  transporta¬ 
tion  and  other  general  community  utilities  for  such  industrial 
workers  as  are  engaged  in  arsenals  and  navy  yards  and  in  indus¬ 
tries  connected  with  and  essential  to  the  national  defense,  and  their 
families.”  The  act  of  June  4  empowered  the  President  to  create  a 
corporation  or  corporations  to  take  charge  of  the  work.  The  Presi¬ 
dent,  by  executive  order  of  June  18,  1918,  vested  full  authority  in 
the  matter  in  the  Secretary  of  Labor.  The  United  States  Housing 
Corporation,  organized  by  the  Secretary  of  Labor,  was  incorporated 
July  9,  1918,  under  the  laws  of  New  York,  primarily  to  facilitate 
the  acquisition  of  land,  the  purchase  of  materials,  and  the  construc¬ 
tion  of  houses ;  and  with  the  exception  of  certain  minor  matters  this 
corporation  took  over  the  work  previously  begun  by  the  Bureau  of 
Industrial  Housing  and  Transportation. 

The  Housing  Corporation  was  organized  under  a  general  man¬ 
ager  in  thirteen  divisions:  Fiscal,  Legal,  Surveys  and  Statistics, 
Home  Registration  and  Information,  Industrial  Relations,  Operat¬ 
ing,  Transportation,  Town  Planning,  Architectural,  Engineering, 
Construction,  Requirements,  and  Real  Estate.  The  functions  which 
it  performed  in  the  pursuit  of  its  policy  were:  (1)  to  make  available 
to  the  utmost  such  housing  facilities  as  were  found  by  careful  in¬ 
vestigation  to  exist  in  or  near  the  communities  in  question;  (2)  to 
link  up,  through  improved  transportation,  the  places  where  labor 
was  needed  with  the  places  capable  of  housing  it;  (3)  to  stimulate, 
aid,  and  encourage  private  capital  to  undertake  building  opera¬ 
tions;  (4)  to  avoid  or  reduce  housing  congestion  by  aiding  in  the 
distribution  of  labor  and  in  the  placing  of  war  contracts;  (5)  to 
construct  and  operate  houses,  apartments,  and  dormitories. 


248 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


In  October,  1918,  a  Commission  on  Living  Conditions  was  ap¬ 
pointed  by  the  Secretary  of  Labor  as  an  adjunct  to  the  housing 
service.  Its  function  was  to  learn  where  bad  living  conditions  were 
a  factor  in  retarding  war  production  and  to  devise  ways  and  means 
of  improving  such  conditions.  It  adapted  its  plans  to  post-war  con¬ 
ditions  and  was  continued  until  June  30,  1919. 

Publications 

Report  of  the  United  States  Housing  Corporation,  December  3,  1918 
(Washington,  1919,  126  pages).  Organization  and  activities;  reports  of 
divisions  are  contained  in  appendices. 

Report  of  the  United  States  Housing  Corporation  (Washington, 
1919-1920,  2  volumes,  915  pages).  How  the  housing  of  labor  affected  the 
production  of  war  essentials ;  history  and  organization  of  the  United 
States  Housing  Corporation ;  general  policies ;  measures  adopted  to 
prevent  needless  construction;  acquisition  of  land;  management  of  the 
properties ;  report  of  Commission  on  Living  Conditions ;  housing  short¬ 
age;  investigating  the  trouble;  municipal  utilities.  Appended  to  this 
report  is  a  “Selected  Bibliography  of  Industrial  Housing  in  America 
and  Great  Britain  during  and  after  the  War,”  prepared  by  Theodore 
Kimball  (19  pages). 

Standards  recommended  for  Permanent  Industrial  Housing  Develop¬ 
ments  (Washington,  1918,  15  pages).  Standards  for  nine  types  of 
houses  which  were  adopted  by  the  Bureau  of  Industrial  Housing  and 
Transportation  in  consultation  with  the  secretary  of  the  National 
Housing  Association. 

To  Provide  Housing  for  War  Needs:  Hearings  before  the  House  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Labor  on  H.R.  February  11,  1918  (Washington,  1918, 

58  pages). 

Housing  Facilities  for  War  Needs,  Hearing  before  the  Senate  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds  on  H.R.  10265,  April  10  and  11, 
1918  (Washington,  1918,  65  pages). 

Operations  of  the  United  States  Housing  Corporation,  Hearings  be¬ 
fore  a  Senate  Subcommittee  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds  Pursuant 
to  Senate  Resolution  371,  December  6-17, 1918  (Washington,  1918,  291 
pages). 

United  States  Housing  Corporation,  Hearings  before  a  Senate  Sub¬ 
committee  on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds  Pursuant  to  Senate  Resolvr 
tion  210,  August  7-November  17, 1919  (Washington,  1919,  680  pages). 
Report  of  the  Committee  (45  pages). 


WAR  LABOR  ADMINISTRATION 


249 


An  Investigation  of  Housing  Conditions  of  War  Workers  in  Cleve¬ 
land,  by  the  Committee  on  Housing  and  Sanitation,  Cleveland  Chamber 
of  Commerce,  and  the  United  States  Home  Registration  Service  (Cleve¬ 
land,  1918,  46  pages). 

Preliminary  Report  on  a  Survey  of  Industrial  Housing  and  Transpor¬ 
tation  in  the  Southeastern  District  and  Indiana  Steel  Towns,  by  the 
Home  Registration  Service  Committee,  Illinois  State  Council  of  De¬ 
fense  ([1918],  29  pages).  Issued  by  authority  of  the  United  States 
Housing  Corporation. 

Articles  in  the  Monthly  Labor  Review: 

“Housing  by  the  United  States  Department  of  Labor”  (February,  1919, 
pp.  246-262). 

“Adjustment  of  rent  profiteering  cases  by  the  Department  of  Labor” 
(March,  1919,  pp.  283-286). 

“Lessons  from  housing  developments  of  the  United  States  Housing  Cor¬ 
poration,”  by  Frederick  Law  Olmsted  (May,  1919,  pp.  27-38). 

Records 

The  reference  library  of  the  Housing  Corporation,  with  its  files  of 
copies  of  instructions  to  field  officers  and  others,  news  clippings, 
photographs  and  plans  of  the  different  housing  projects,  and  col¬ 
lection  of  building  codes,  has  been  transferred  to  the  Department 
of  Labor  Library. 

DIVISION  OF  NEGRO  ECONOMICS 
Functions 

The  Division  of  Negro  Economics  was  estabhshed  by  the  Secre¬ 
tary  of  Labor  May  1,  1918,  to  advise  the  department  on  matters 
relating  to  negro  wage  earners  and  to  outline  and  promote  plans 
for  greater  cooperation  between  negro  wage  earners,  white  em¬ 
ployers  and  white  workers  in  agriculture  and  industry,  particularly 
during  the  war  emergency.  It  organized  cooperative  committees  of 
white  and  colored  citizens  in  States  and  localities  where  problems  of 
negro  labor  arose,  conducted  an  educational  campaign  to  promote 
good  feeling  among  the  races  as  well  as  to  secure  cooperation  of 
white  and  colored  workers  in  the  war-labor  program  of  the  depart¬ 
ment,  and  appointed  a  staff  of  negro  field  workers  to  assist  both 
in  effecting  better  racial  labor  relations  and  in  mobilizing  and 


250 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


stabilizing  negro  labor  for  winning  the  war.  It  was  discontinued  as 
a  separate  division  in  July,  1921. 

Publications 

The  Negro  at  Work  during  the  World  War  and  during  Reconstruc¬ 
tion  (Washington,  1921,  144  pages).  The  principal  report  by  the  divi¬ 
sion  of  its  organization  and  operation.  It  deals  with  negro  migration, 
white  and  negro  workers  in  basic  industries,  contains  several  statistical 
tables,  ten  state  reports,  the  texts  of  the  constitutions  of  three  state 
committees,  and  includes  a  survey  of  women  in  industry  made  by  the 
Women’s  Bureau  from  December,  1918,  to  June,  1919. 

Negro  Migration  in  1916-1917  (Washington,  1919,  158  pages).  Re¬ 
ports  of  negro  migration  from  Mississippi,  Alabama,  Gleorgia,  South 
Carolina,  and  North  Carolina,  and  a  report  on  the  negro  migrant  in 
the  North.  The  publication  was  issued  by  the  Division  of  Negro  Eco¬ 
nomics  although  the  reports  were  compiled  before  the  establishment  of 
that  division. 

INFORMATION  AND  EDUCATION  SERVICE 

Fvmctions 

The  Information  and  Education  Service  was  organized  as  a  part 
of  the  war  labor  administration  under  a  provision  of  the  sundry  civil 
appropriations  act  of  July  1,  1918.  Its  function  was  to  disseminate 
information  among  employers  and  wage  earners  concerning  the  work 
performed  by  the  various  branches  of  the  Department  of  Labor  and 
to  stimulate  the  morale  of  workers  and  employers.  This  work  was 
performed  through  the  press,  public  speakers,  motion  pictures, 
posters,  and  by  the  organization  of  government  committees  com¬ 
posed  of  employers  and  employees  in  industrial  plants.  During  the 
war  it  operated  through  the  following  divisions:  Educational,  In¬ 
formation,  Economics,  Industrial  Plants,  and  Poster.  After  the 
signing  of  the  armistice  the  Division  of  Public  Works  and  Con¬ 
struction  Development  was  added  to  stimulate  the  construction  of 
public  works  and  to  gather  and  distribute  information  of  use  to  in¬ 
dustry  in  changing  from  a  war  to  a  peace  basis.  The  Information 
and  Education  Service  was  responsible  for  the  sending  of  the  Em¬ 
ployers  Industrial  Commission  to  Europe  in  the  winter  of  1918  for 
a  study  of  labor  matters,  particularly  the  attitude  of  European  em- 


WAR  LABOR  ADMINISTRATION 


251 


ployers  toward  adjustments  of  labor  disputes  and  the  methods  and 
plans  of  the  governments  for  allaying  labor  unrest.  It  also  brought 
about,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  Labor,  the  conference 
of  governors  and  mayors  held  at  the  White  House  in  March,  1919. 
The  service  w'as  discontinued  June  30,  1919. 

Publications  and  Records 

Report  of  the  Information  and  Education  Service,  by  Roger  W.  Bab- 
son,  Director  General  (Washington,  1919,  47  pages).  Part  I,  the  war 
period,  from  July  1,  1918,  to  the  signing  of  the  armistice;  Part  II, 
reconstruction  period,  from  the  signing  of  the  armistice  to  June  30, 
1919. 

Report  of  the  Employers'  Industrial  Commission  of  the  United  States 
Department  of  Labor  on  British  Labor  Problems  (Washington,  1919, 
37  pages)  is  essentially  an  appendix  to  the  above,  as  is  also  the  fol¬ 
lowing. 

Proceedings  of  the  Conference  with  the  President  of  the  United  States 
and  the  Secretary  of  Labor  of  the  Governors  of  the  States  and  Mayors  of 
Cities,  March  3,  and  5,  1919  (Washington,  1919,  352  pages). 

Economics  of  the  Construction  Industry  (Washington,  1919,  263 
pages).  Data  compiled  by  the  Public  Works  and  Development  Division 
with  a  view  to  stimulating  construction  by  enabling  investors  to  deter¬ 
mine  what  building  investments  were  likely  to  be  profitable.  The  data 
are  classified  under  the  following  heads :  (1)  Decrease  in  the  purchasing 
power  of  money;  (2)  Cost  and  supply  of  construction  materials;  (3) 
Labor  and  wages  in  the  construction  industry;  (4)  Sources  and  supply 
of  capital  for  the  construction  industry;  (5)  Rents  and  land  values; 
(6)  Deferred  construction. 

The  more  important  of  several  pamphlets  and  leaflets  issued  by  the 
service  are : 

Points  for  War-Labor  Speakers  (1918,  30  pages). 

Human  Relations  in  Industry  (1918,  10  pages). 

Employment  Questions  (1918,  14  pages). 

The  Labor  Outlook  for  1919  (1919,  15  pages). 

Prices  during  the  War  and  the  Readjustment  Period  (1919,  10  pages). 

Horc  Much  Will  Prices  Fall?  A  Symposium  of  Statements  by  Some  of 
America's  Leading  Men  (1919,  8  pages). 

Suggestions  for  Own-Your-Home  Campaigns  (1919,  46  pages). 

Build  It  Now  (1919,  15  pages). 

Is  the  Cost  of  Construction  High?  (1919,  8  pages). 

Tentative  Draft  of  a  Bill  to  Promote  Home  Building  (1919,  27  pages). 


252 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


When  the  Information  and  Education  Service  was  discontinued 
its  files  were  transferred  to  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics,  but  they 
are  of  slight  value. 

INVESTIGATION  AND  INSPECTION  SERVICE 

This  service  was  organized,  under  a  provision  of  the  sundry  civil 
appropriations,  or  war  labor  administration  act  of  July  1,  1918,  as 
a  central  inspection  agency  for  the  various  branches  of  the  depart¬ 
ment,  with  a  view  to  making  quick  investigations  of  acute  industrial 
situations  and  reporting  the  facts  promptly  to  other  divisions  of  the 
government  authorized  to  deal  with  them.  To  some  extent  its  func¬ 
tions  overlapped  those  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  but  a  co¬ 
operative  working  agreement  between  the  two  was  arranged  which 
provided  that  the  Investigation  and  Inspection  Service  should  under¬ 
take  the  briefer  investigations  needed  to  secure  information  for  im¬ 
mediate  use.  It  did  not  make  investigations  on  its  own  initiative  but 
only  on  requests  from  the  office  of  the  Secretary,  the  Division  of 
Conciliation,  the  Employment  Service,  the  Division  of  Negro  Eco¬ 
nomics,  the  Bureau  of  Inunigration,  the  Training  Service,  the 
Women  in  Industry  Service,  and  the  Working  Conditions  Service. 
Extensive  investigations  were  made  also  for  the  War  Industries 
Board  and  the  Ordnance  Department  of  the  Army.  The  service  was 
discontinued  at  the  close  of  the  fiscal  year  1919. 

Most  of  its  investigations  were  of  a  confidential  nature  and  the 
only  report  of  an  investigation  by  it  that  has  been  published  is  one 
entitled  Circular  of  the  Investigation  .  .  .  relative  to  the  Wages 
Paid  to  Seamen  on  American  and  Foreign  Vessels  Trading  in  Ameri¬ 
can  Ports,  which  was  submitted  to  the  Senate  Committee  on  Com¬ 
merce,  66th  Congress,  1st  Session  (Washington,  1919, 15  pages). 

The  records  of  the  Investigation  and  Inspection  Service  were 
transferred  to  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics,  but  they  are  of  little 
value. 


UNITED  STATES  TRAINING  SERVICE 
Functions 

The  United  States  Training  Service,  originally  named  the  Train¬ 
ing  and  Dilution  Service,  was  provided  for  by  the  war  labor  ad- 


WAR  LABOR  ADMINISTRATION 


253 


ministration  act  of  July  1,  1918,  and  was  organized  July  16,  1918, 
to  secure  information  respecting  the  best  methods  used  in  various 
plants  for  training  persons  to  do  skilled  work,  to  ascertain  what 
industries  and  particular  plants  were  in  need  of  larger  numbers  of 
trained  workers,  to  determine  the  special  types  of  employment  in 
which  training  appeared  to  be  most  needed  to  meet  the  war  emer¬ 
gency,  to  bring  about  the  adoption  by  employers  of  the  most  prac¬ 
tical  and  useful  methods  of  training,  and  to  make  surveys  of  the 
war  industries  in  order  to  determine  occupations  within  such  indus¬ 
tries  where  the  available  supply  of  skilled  workers  was  so  limited  as 
to  necessitate  the  introduction  of  less  skilled  workers. 

The  service  operated  in  three  divisions:  (1)  Planning,  (2)  Ad¬ 
ministrative,  and  (3)  Training.  The  Training  Division  supervised 
a  field  service  by  districts,  twelve  in  number,  coterminous  in  each 
instance  with  those  into  which  the  country  was  divided  by  the  Ord¬ 
nance  Division  of  the  War  Department;  and  the  district  superin¬ 
tendents  were  instrumental  in  promoting  the  organization  of  train¬ 
ing  departments  in  numerous  industrial  establishments.  A  Dilution 
Division  to  effect  the  promotion  of  skilled  workers  and  the  employ¬ 
ment  of  less  skilled  workers  in  their  places  was  about  to  begin 
operations  when  the  signing  of  the  armistice  made  its  services  un¬ 
necessary.  The  other  divisions  of  the  service  were  discontinued  June 
30, 1919. 


Publications 

The  Training  Se^^^ce  issued  twenty-six  numbered  Bulletins  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919)  as  follows : 

1.  Horv  to  Start  a  Training  Department  in  a  Factory  (24  pages). 

2.  A  Successful  Apprentice  Toolmaker’s  School  (8  pages). 

3.  British  Methods  of  Training  Workers  in  War  Industries  (68  pages). 

4.  Training  Employers  for  Better  Production  (29  pages). 

6.  Training  Labor  for  Peace  Time  (12  pages). 

6.  Labor  Turnover  and  Industrial  Training  (7  pages). 

7.  Industrial  Training  and  Foreign  Trade  (12  pages). 

8.  Some  Advantages  of  Industrial  Training  (12  pages). 

9.  Seven  Million  Candidates  for  Training  (16  pages). 

10.  A  Business  Man’s  Experience  rvith  Industrial  Training  (12  pages). 

11.  Efficient  Training  in  a  Large  Plant  (13  pages). 

12.  Horn  Training  Departments  Have  Bettered  Production  (24  pages). 

13.  Industrial  Training  in  Representative  Industries  (16  pages). 


254 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


14.  Training  in  Industrial  Plants  (30  pages). 

15.  Training  in  the  Paper-Box  Industry  (75  pages). 

16.  Training  in  the  Men’s  Suit  and  Overcoat  Industry  (83  pages). 

17.  Training  Workers  in  the  Women’s  Cloak,  Suit  and  Skirt  Industry  (83 
pages). 

18.  Industrial  Training  in  the  Overalls  Industry  (57  pages). 

19.  Training  for  Shirt  Makers  (59  pages). 

20.  Training  in  the  Rubber  Industry  (75  pages). 

21.  Training  in  the  Shoe  Industry  (61  pages). 

22.  Courses  of  Instruction  in  Piano  Making  (65  pages). 

23.  Outline  Courses  for  Instruction  in  Lithography  and  Photolithography 
(23  pages). 

24.  Industrial  Training  for  Foundry  Workers  (68  pages). 

25.  Courses  of  Instruction  for  Workers  in  Cotton  Mills  (64  pages). 

26.  The  Foreman  (79  pages). 


WOMAN  IN  INDUSTRY  SERVICE 
Functions 

The  Woman  in  Industry  Service  was  organized  July  9,  1918,  to 
secure  information  on  all  matters  relating  to  women  in  industry  and 
to  put  such  information  into  useful  form,  to  develop  in  the  indus¬ 
tries  of  the  country  such  pohcies  and  methods  as  would  result  in  the 
most  effective  use  of  women’s  services  in  production  for  the  war  and 
at  the  same  time  prevent  their  employment  under  injurious  condi¬ 
tions,  to  coordinate  work  for  women  in  other  divisions  of  the  De¬ 
partment  of  Labor  and  in  industrial  service  sections  of  other  de¬ 
partments  of  the  federal  government,  and  to  cooperate  with  state 
departments  of  labor  for  bringing  about  united  action  by  the  States 
in  national  problems  relative  to  women’s  work.  The  service  organized 
a  Council  of  Women  in  Industry  which  was  composed  of  women 
representing  every  division  of  the  Department  of  Labor  and  other 
federal  departments  having  organized  work  related  to  problems  of 
women  in  industry,  and  this  body,  meeting  weekly,  discussed  such 
subjects  as  safeguards  to  be  established  in  new  occupations,  the  en¬ 
forcement  of  state  labor  laws,  the  regulation  of  night  work  under 
war  conditions,  the  recruiting  and  training  of  women  workers,  etc. 
A  Committee  on  Hazardous  Occupations  was  appointed  by  the  serv¬ 
ice  to  direct  work  for  determining  the  occupations  in  which  women 
might  be  employed  safely  as  well  as  practical  measures  for  elimi- 


WAR  LABOR  ADMINISTRATION 


255 


nating  danger.  The  Woman  in  Industry  Service  was  made  a  perma¬ 
nent  bureau,  the  Women’s  Bureau,  by  act  of  Congress  approved 
June  5, 1920. 

Publications  and  Records 

First  Annual  Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Woman  in  Industry  Serv¬ 
ice  for  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1919  (Washington,  1919,  29 
pages).  Material  relative  to  the  Council  of  Women  in  Industry;  re¬ 
cruiting  women  for  new  occupations ;  standards  governing  the  em¬ 
ployment  of  women  in  industries ;  hazardous  occupations ;  the  problem 
of  night  work;  state  labor  laws  during  the  war;  wages  and  industrial 
relations;  wages  after  the  war;  the  federal  government  as  an  employer 
of  women ;  displacement  of  women  workers. 

Second  Annual  Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Women’s  Bureau  .  .  . 
June  30,  1920  (Washington,  1920,  12  pages).  Woman’s  part  in  Ameri¬ 
can  industries  during  the  war;  effect  on  the  employment  of  women  of 
laws  regulating  their  hours  of  work;  general  industrial  conditions  for 
women  in  the  United  States. 

Several  Bulletins  have  been  issued  each  year.  Nos.  1  to  20  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1918-1922)  are  as  follows: 

1.  Proposed  Employment  of  Women  during  the  War  in  the  Industries  of 
Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.  (1918,  16  pages). 

2.  Labor  Larvs  for  Women  in  Industry  in  Indiana  (1918,  29  pages). 

3.  Standards  for  the  Employment  of  W omen  in  Industry  (1919,  7  pages). 
Printed  also  as  an  appendix  to  the  first  Annual  Report  of  the  director. 

4.  Wages  of  Candy  Mahers  in  Philadelphia  in  1919  (1919,  45  pages). 

6.  The  Eight-Hour  Day  in  Federal  and  State  Legislation  (1919,  19 
pages). 

6.  Employment  of  Women  in  Hazardous  Industries  in  the  United  States 
(1919,  8  pages). 

7.  Night-Work  Larvs  in  the  United  States  (1919,  6  pages). 

8.  Women  in  Government  Service  (1920,  37  pages). 

9.  Home  Work  in  Bridgeport,  Connecticut  (1920,  35  pages). 

10.  Hours  and  Conditions  of  Work  for  Women  in  Industry  in  Virginia 
(1920,  32  pages). 

11.  Women  Street  Car  Conductors  and  Ticket  Agents  (1921,  90  pages). 

12.  The  Nerv  Position  of  Women  in  American  Industry  (1920,  158  pages). 
Section  I.  The  New  Position  of  Women  in  American  Industry.  Section  II. 
Statistics  of  Women’s  Industrial  Employment  during  and  after  the  war. 
Section  III.  Eesults  of  Substitution  of  Women  on  Men’s  Work  during  and 
after  the  War. 

13.  Industrial  Opportunities  and  Training  for  Women  and  Girls  (1920,  48 
pages). 


256 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


14.  A  Physiological  Basis  for  the  Shorter  Working  Day  for  Women  (1921, 
20  pages). 

15.  Some  Effects  of  Legislation  Limiting  Hours  of  Work  for  Women 
(1921,  26  pages). 

16.  State  Laws  Affecting  Working  Women  (1921,  61  pages). 

17.  Women’s  Wages  in  Kansas  (1921,  104  pages). 

18.  Health  Problems  of  Women  in  Industry  (1921,  11  pages), 

19.  Iowa  Women  in  Industry  (1922,  73  pages). 

20.  Negro  Women  in  Industry  (1922,  65  pages). 

In  the  unpublished  records  of  the  Woman  in  Industry  Service  are 
minutes  of  the  meetings  of  the  Council  of  Women  in  Industry  and  of 
the  Committee  on  Hazardous  Occupations  besides  correspondence 
with  labor  oflScials  in  the  States. 


WORKING  CONDITIONS  SERVICE 
Functions 

The  Working  Conditions  Service,  established  in  July,  1919,  was 
directed  by  the  Secretary  of  Labor  to  examine  into  working  condi¬ 
tions  in  war  industries  to  determine  standards  of  conditions  which 
should  be  maintained  in  those  industries,  to  adopt  rules  embodying 
such  standards  and  explaining  them,  to  determine  the  best  means  of 
securing  the  adoption  and  maintenance  of  the  standards,  and  to  co¬ 
operate  with  state  authorities  in  these  matters.  It  was  organized  in 
three  divisions:  (1)  Industrial  Hygiene  and  Medicine  (the  person¬ 
nel  of  which  was  detailed  from  the  United  States  Public  Health 
Service),  to  improve  the  health  and  eflBciency  of  industrial  workers; 
(2)  Labor  Administration,  to  open  a  channel  through  which  the  best 
employment  policies  and  practices  of  the  country  might  pass  into 
more  general  usage;  (3)  Safety  Engineering,  to  reduce  injury  in 
industry.  The  service  was  discontinued  June  30,  1919. 

Publications 

Report  of  the  Working  Conditions  Service  for  the  fiscal  year  ended 
June  30,  1919  (Washington,  1919,  35  pages).  Describes  the  scope, 
functions,  and  activities  of  the  service. 

Treatment  of  Industrial  Problems  by  Constructive  Methods  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  15  pages).  Discusses  the  work  of  each  division  of  the 
Working  Conditions  Service. 


WAR  LABOR  ADMINISTRATION 


257 


Employment  Management,  Employment  Representation,  and  Indus¬ 
trial  Democracy  (Washington,  1919,  15  pages).  Discusses  welfare  or 
shop  committees,  employers’  unions,  danger  of  misconceptions  of  em¬ 
ployees’  representation,  the  labor  problem,  personal  relations,  eco¬ 
nomic  relations,  technical  problems. 

Seven  mimeographed  circulars  of  the  Division  of  Labor  Adminis¬ 
tration  treat  of  centralized  employment  departments,  industrial  medical 
service,  absenteeism,  absentee  record  forms,  plant  organs,  labor  rela¬ 
tions,  and  Americanization. 


INTERSTATE  COMMERCE  COMMISSION 


Organization  and  Functions 

The  Interstate  Commerce  Commission  was  created  by  section  12  of 
the  act  of  February  4,  1887,  to  regulate  commerce.  Originally  there 
were  five  members  and  the  duties  of  the  commission  were  chiefly  to 
inform  itself  with  regard  to  the  management  of  the  railroads,  and  to 
investigate  complaints  and  report  its  findings.  Prior  to  the  war,  the 
membership  was  increased  to  seven  and  the  commission  was  charged 
with  the  enforcement  of  acts  to  promote  the  safety  of  travellers  and 
employees,  with  the  determination  and  enforcement  of  rates,  and 
with  making  a  physical  valuation  of  railroad  property. 

Early  in  the  war  period  the  car-shortage  situation  became  so 
acute  as  to  demand  an  investigation  by  the  commission,  and  the 
outcome  of  this  was  the  act  of  May  29,  1917,  which  vested  in' the 
commission  broad  powers  for  the  regulation  of  car  service.  In  Au¬ 
gust  of  the  same  year,  its  membership  was  increased  to  nine.  On 
December  5,  1917,  the  commission  transmitted  to  Congress  a  special 
report  with  reference  to  transportation  conditions  as  affecting  and 
affected  by  the  war  {Thirty-Second  Annual  Report,  pp.  4-9)  in 
which  stress  was  laid  on  the  need  of  unification  of  the  operation  of 
railways  during  the  period  of  the  war.  Three  weeks  later  the  Presi¬ 
dent  issued  a  proclamation  establishing  federal  control  over  the 
railroads,  to  take  effect  December  28,  1917. 

During  the  period  of  federal  control  the  commission  cooperated 
with  the  Railroad  Administration.  It  was  authorized  by  the  federal 
control  act  of  March  21,  1918,  to  hear  complaints  with  regard  to 
the  reasonableness  of  rates  and  was  directed  to  ascertain  the  average 
annual  operating  income  for  a  three-year  period,  from  July  1, 1914, 
to  July  1,  1917,  called  the  “test  period,”  in  order  to  estabhsh  a 
basis  for  the  compensation  to  be  paid  the  carriers  for  the  use  of 
their  property  by  the  government.  Members  of  the  commission  con¬ 
ducted  investigations  at  the  request  of  the  Director  General  of  Rail¬ 
roads,  and  served  on  the  committee  which  drafted  the  standard  com¬ 
pensation  contract  provided  for  in  the  federal  control  act,  while  the 
services  of  the  bureaus  of  statistics,  tariffs,  carriers’  accounts,  valua- 


INTERSTATE  COMMERCE  COMMISSION  259 

tion,  and  car  service  were  also  utilized  by  the  Railroad  Adminis¬ 
tration. 

Shortly  after  the  armistice  the  prevaihng  opinion  of  the  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  commission,  expressed  in  a  statement  to  the  Senate  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Interstate  Commerce,  was  that  the  railroads  should  be 
returned  to  private  o^Tiership  with  a  “broadened,  extended,  and 
amplified  governmental  regulation.”  Following  this  recommenda¬ 
tion  Congress  passed  the  transportation  act  of  February  8,  1920, 
under  which  private  operation  was  resumed  March  1,  and  by  which 
the  powers  and  duties  of  the  commission,  its  membership  increased 
to  eleven,  were  greatly  enlarged.  The  provisions  of  that  act  which 
are  relevant  to  this  survey  made  it  the  duty  of  the  commission  to 
certify  as  to  the  reimbursement  of  carriers  for  the  use  of  carrier 
property  by  the  government  during  federal  control,  as  to  deficits 
incurred  by  roads  not  under  federal  control,  and  as  to  the  guarantee 
of  a  certain  minimum  income  for  six  months  succeeding  the  termina¬ 
tion  of  federal  control. 

The  commission  is  organized  to  function  as  a  whole,  in  five  divi¬ 
sions  of  three  or  more  commissioners  each,  and  through  twelve  bu¬ 
reaus.  Division  1  directs  the  work  of  the  Bureau  of  Valuation;  Divi¬ 
sion  2  disposes  of  applications  for  the  suspension  of  rates  and  fares ; 
Division  3  disposes  of  cases  not  orally  argued  which  are  not  al¬ 
lotted  to  a  commissioner  or  reserved  by  the  commission ;  Division  4 
has  charge  of  applications  for  security  issues,  and  certifies  as  to  the 
reimbursement  of  carriers  for  the  use  of  their  property  during  fed¬ 
eral  control,  for  the  income  guaranteed  for  the  first  six  months  after 
federal  control,  and  for  defraying  deficits  of  carriers  not  under  fed¬ 
eral  control;  Division  5  directs  the  work  of  the  Bureau  of  Car 
Service.  Besides  the  Bureaus  of  Valuation  and  Car  Service  there 
are  the  bureaus  of  Finance,  Accounts,  Statistics,  Informal  cases. 
Traffic,  Law,  Inquiry,  Service,  Safety,  and  Locomotive  inspection. 
The  Bureau  of  Finance  is  charged  primarily  with  the  administration 
of  those  provisions  of  the  transportation  act  which  relate  to  appli¬ 
cations  made  to  issue  railroad  securities ;  the  construction  of  a  new 
railroad  or  the  extension  of  an  old  one ;  the  acquisition  of  control  by 
one  railroad  over  another ;  the  collection  of  one-half  the  annual  net 
income  of  a  railroad  in  excess  of  six  per  cent  of  its  value,  and  the 
making  of  loans  to  railroads.  The  Bureau  of  Accounts  has  been 


260 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


charged  with  the  determination  of  the  operating  income  of  rail¬ 
roads  for  the  three  years  ended  June  30,  1917,  and  other  items 
necessary  to  an  adjustment  of  financial  matters  arising  from  federal 
control.  The  Bureau  of  Statistics  receives  and  examines  statistical 
reports  from  railway  corporations,  prepares  monthly  statements 
relative  to  operating  revenues  and  operating  expenses,  and  com¬ 
piles  wage  statistics  needed  for  the  adjustment  of  wages,  also  acci¬ 
dent  statistics. 


Publications 

Thirty-First  Annual  Report  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission, 
December  1,  1916  (Washington,  1917,  298  pages).  The  annual  re¬ 
ports  of  the  commission  contain  a  survey  of  its  activities,  statistical 
summaries,  and  a  list  of  points  decided  in  reported  cases.  The  report  for 
1917  discusses  transportation  conditions  arising  from  the  war  and  tells 
of  measures  taken  to  relieve  the  acute  situation  with  regard  to  car 
shortage. 

Thirty-Second  Annual  Report  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commis¬ 
sion,  December  1,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  188  pages).  Tells  of  the 
transition  to  federal  control  and  of  the  modifications  of  the  commis¬ 
sion’s  functions  under  federal  control. 

Thirty-Third  Annual  Report  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission, 
December  1,  1919  (Washington,  1919,  266  pages).  Informing  with  re¬ 
gard  to  the  return  of  the  railroads  to  their  owners. 

Thirty-F ourth  Annual  Report  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commis¬ 
sion,  December  1, 1920  (Washington,  1920,  291  pages).  Informing  with 
regard  to  the  adjustment  of  matters  arising  from  federal  control  and 
the  enlarged  functions  of  the  commission.  With  regard  to  the  reimburse¬ 
ment  of  deficits  during  federal  control  see  the  thirty-fifth  and  thirty- 
sixth  annual  reports. 

Interstate  Commerce  Commission  Reports,  1915-1922,  Vols.  36-66 
(Washington,  1916-1922).  These  volumes  contain  the  reports  of  cases 
coming  before  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  with  the  decisions 
of  the  commission.  Each  volume  has  a  table  of  the  cases  reported  therein, 
and  a  general  table  of  the  cases  in  Vols.  36-64  (July,  1915-December, 
1921)  has  been  printed  as  Second  Supplement  (Washington,  1922,  297 
pages)  of  Table  of  Cases  and  Opinions  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Com¬ 
mission. 

A  few  of  the  cases  and  decisions  of  the  commission  having  an  im¬ 
portant  bearing  upon  the  general  subject  of  this  suiwey  are  noted  be¬ 
low  as  illustrative  of  this  class  of  material. 


INTERSTATE  COMMERCE  COMMISSION 


261 


Car  supply  investigation.  Submitted  December  28,  1916.  Decided  January 
18,  1917  (Vol.  42,  pp.  657-706). 

The  fifteen  per  cent  case.  Proposed  increase  in  freight  rates  in  eastern, 
western,  and  southern  territories.  Submitted  June  12,  1917.  Decided  June 
27,  1917  (Vol.  45,  pp.  303-355).  Discussion  of  effects  of  the  war  on  rail¬ 
way  transportation. 

Consolidated  classification  case.  Submitted  January  19,  1919.  Decided 
July  3,  1919  (Vol.  54,  655  pages).  Argument  and  report  in  favor  of 
greater  uniformity  in  freight  classification. 

Perishable  freight  investigation.  Part  I,  protective  service  in  transporta¬ 
tion;  Part  II,  cost  of  service  and  proposed  charges.  Submitted  November  7, 
1919.  Decided  February  4,  1920  (Vol.  56,  pp.  449-671). 

Ex  parte  74.  In  the  matter  of  the  applications  of  carriers  in  official,  south¬ 
ern,  and  western  classification  territories  for  authority  to  increase  rates. 
Submitted  July  6,  1920.  Decided  July  29,  1920  (Vol.  58,  pp.  220-260). 

Increased  cost  of  railroad  fuel,  a  report  prepared  in  response  to  Senate 
Res.  No.  412,  December  27,  1920  (Vol.  61,  pp.  761-781).  Costs  in  1919 
compared  with  costs  in  1920. 

A  tentative  plan  of  the  Commission  for  the  consolidation  of  the  railway 
properties  of  the  United  States  into  a  limited  number  of  systems,  to  which 
is  appended  a  report  to  the  Commission  on  the  same  subject  by  William  Z. 
Ripley.  August  23,  1921  (Vol.  63,  pp.  456-600). 

Thirty-First  Annual  Report  on  Statistics  of  Railways  in  the  United 
States  for  the  Year  ended  December  31,  1917,  prepared  by  the  Bureau 
of  Statistics  (Washington,  1919,  533  pages).  This  report  and  those  for 
the  years  1918  and  1919  are  valuable  for  their  tables  relative  to  mileage, 
employees,  equipment,  valuation,  traffic  and  operation,  income,  profits 
and  losses,  and  receiverships. 

Thirty-Second  Annual  Report  on  Statistics  of  Railways  in  the  United 
States  .  .  .  December  31, 1918  (Washington,  1920,  807  pages). 

Thirty-Third  Annual  Report  on  Statistics  of  Railways  in  the  United 
States  .  .  .  December  31, 1919  (Washington,  1922,  819  pages). 


FEDERAL  TRADE  COMMISSION 


Functions 

The  Federal  Trade  Commission  was  created  by  the  act  of  Septem¬ 
ber  26,  1914,  replacing  the  former  Bureau  of  Corporations  of  the 
Department  of  Commerce.  Its  normal  functions  are:  (1)  to  prevent 
unfair  methods  of  competition  in  commerce;  (2)  to  investigate,  and 
to  compile  information  concerning  the  organization,  business,  con¬ 
duct,  practice,  and  management  of  corporations  engaged  in  com¬ 
merce;  (3)  upon  direction  of  the  President  or  by  either  house  of 
Congress,  to  investigate  alleged  violations  of  the  anti-trust  acts  by 
any  corporation;  (4)  to  investigate  trade  conditions  in  and  with 
foreign  countries  which  may  affect  the  foreign  trade  of  the  United 
States;  (5)  under  the  export  trade  act  of  April  10,  1918,  to  re¬ 
ceive  statements  and  reports  which  associations  engaged  solely  in 
export  trade  are  required  to  file,  and  to  investigate  any  acts  of  such 
associations  in  restraint  of  trade  within  the  United  States  or  in  re¬ 
straint  of  the  export  trade  of  any  particular  competitor. 

Under  the  trading  with  the  enemy  act  of  October  6,  1917,  and 
under  executive  orders  issued  in  accordance  therewith,  the  commis¬ 
sion  was  charged  with  (1)  the  gi’anting  of  licenses  to  apply  for 
letters  patent  or  the  registration  of  copyright  or  trademark  in  an 
enemy  country  or  in  the  country  of  an  enemy  ally,  and  (2)  the 
licensing  of  the  manufacture  in  the  United  States  of  articles  con¬ 
trolled  by  enemy  patents  or  trademarks.  For  the  performance  of 
these  functions  the  commission  was  organized  in  five  divisions :  Ad¬ 
ministrative,  Economic,  Legal,  Export  trade,  and  Enemy  trade. 

Records  and  Publications 

The  records  of  the  commission  are  regarded  as  confidential;  the 
Federal  Trade  Commission  act  prohibits  under  penalty  the  making 
public  of  any  information  obtained  by  the  commission,  except  by  its 
authority  or  upon  order  of  a  court. 

The  administrative  records  are  preserved  in  the  Mail  and  Files 
Section  of  the  Administrative  Division.  The  Docket  Section  of  the 
same  division  has  custody  of  the  records  of  complaints.  These  rec¬ 
ords  are  similar  to  those  in  the  office  of  a  clerk  of  court ;  they  con- 


FEDERAL  TRADE  COMMISSION 


263 


sist  of  applications  for  the  issuance  of  complaints,  correspondence, 
exhibits,  and  field  or  office  reports  relating  to  such  applications,  and 
the  record  of  all  formal  proceedings.  Each  Annual  Report  of  the 
commission  contains  an  abstract  of  all  proceedings  disposed  of  dur¬ 
ing  the  year  or  pending  at  its  close.  The  commission  publishes  its 
decisions:  Decisions,  Findings,  Orders,  and  Conference  Rulings,  vol¬ 
ume  I,  March  16, 1915-June  30, 1919  (1920,  631  pages),  edited  by 
Adrien  F.  Busick  and  Millard  F.  Hudson 

The  records  of  the  administration  of  the  export  trade  act  of 
April  10,  1917,  consist  chiefly  of  the  statements  and  reports  which 
the  export  associations  are  required  to  file.  The  forms  in  which  these 
are  required  to  be  made  are  printed  among  the  exhibits  in  the  An¬ 
nual  Reports  of  the  commission  for  1918,  1919,  1920,  etc.,  which 
also  contain,  under  the  heading  “Export  Trade  Division,”  accounts 
of  the  operation  of  the  law  and  lists  of  the  export  associations  which 
have  filed  statements.  The  commission  has  published,  as  “Foreign 
Trade  Series  No.  1,”  a  pamphlet  entitled  Discussion  of  and  Practice 
and  Procedure  under  the  Export  Trade  Act  (Webb-Pomerene  Law), 
1919. 

The  records  relating  to  enemy  trade  {cf.  Annual  Reports,  1918, 
1919,  1920,  under  “Enemy  Trade  Division”)  consist  of  the  follow¬ 
ing:  (1)  Records  of  licenses  issued  “to  citizens  of  the  United  States 
and  to  corporations  organized  within  the  United  States  to  make,  use, 
and  vend  articles  controlled  by  enemies  or  allies  of  enemies  through 
patents,  trademark,  and  copyright  registration.”  The  commission 
received  277  applications  for  such  licenses  and  issued  71  licenses, 
which  covered  all  but  62  of  the  applications.  The  licensees  were  re¬ 
quired  to  file  semi-annual  statements  with  the  commission  “of  the 
extent  of  the  use  and  enjoyment  of  the  license,  and  of  the  prices 
received  from  the  sale  or  use  of  the  subject  matter  of  it.”  The  most 
important  of  the  licenses  dealt  with  drugs,  dyestuffs,  certain  kinds 
of  machinery  and  apparatus,  tooth  paste,  and  operatic  productions. 
(2)  Records  of  licenses  “to  file  and  prosecute  in  the  country  of  an 
enemy  or  ally  of  an  enemy  applications  for  patents  or  for  registra¬ 
tion  of  trademarks,  prints,  labels,  or  copyrights,  or  to  pay  any 
taxes,  annuities,  or  fees  in  relation  thereto.”  The  authority  to  grant 
such  licenses,  vested  in  the  commission  by  executive  order  of  Octo- 


264 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


ber  12,  1917,  was  revoked  by  order  of  April  11,  1918.  During  the 
interim  about  1250  applications  had  been  made  and  licenses  issued. 
The  pending  applications,  about  900  in  number,  were  returned  to 
the  applicants.  The  authority  to  issue  licenses  was  restored  to  the 
commission  by  executive  order  of  November  25,  1919,  and  a  blanket 
license  was  then  issued.  (3)  Records  of  orders  of  secrecy  regarding 
inventions  issued  under  authority  vested  in  the  commission  by  the 
executive  order  of  October  12,  1917.  The  purpose  of  orders  of 
secrecy  was  to  prevent  the  divulgation  of  any  information  respecting 
inventions  which  might  be  “detrimental  to  the  public  safety  or  de¬ 
fense,  or  might  assist  the  enemy,  or  endanger  the  successful  prose¬ 
cution  of  the  war.”  About  1300  orders  of  secrecy  were  issued  relating 
to  over  1000  inventions;  they  were  lifted  after  the  signing  of  the 
armistice.  (4)  Records  of  enemy  control  of  corporations.  Under  au¬ 
thority  of  the  Federal  Trade  Commission  act,  questionnaires  were 
sent  to  about  600  corporations  calling  for  such  information  (names 
of  stockholders,  etc.)  as  would  reveal  the  real  ownership  or  control 
of  the  corporation  required  to  report.  Questionnaires  were  also  sent 
to  all  stockholders  whose  names  were  returned  by  these  corporations. 
Any  information  secured  in  this  way  which  revealed  enemy  interest 
was  reported  to  the  Alien  Property  Custodian,  the  War  Trade 
Board,  and  other  interested  branches  of  the  government. 

The  records  of  the  Economic  Division  are  most  important  from 
the  point  of  view  of  this  survey.  The  work  of  this  division  is  de¬ 
scribed  at  some  length  in  the  Annual  Reports  for  1918,  1919,  and 
1920.  The  chief  war-time  function  of  the  Economic  Division  and  of 
the  commission  as  a  whole  was  the  determination  of  costs  of  produc¬ 
tion  and  manufacture  of  the  most  important  commodities.  In  the 
performance  of  this  function  the  division  served  as  a  technical  agent 
of  those  branches  of  the  government  which  fixed  prices.  The  division 
secured  its  cost  data  from  special  or  periodical  reports  which  it  re¬ 
quired  from  manufacturers  and  producers,  and  also  from  examina¬ 
tions  of  their  books.  Confidential  reports,  several  hundred  in  number, 
were  made  by  the  division  to  other  governmental  agencies,  chiefly  to 
the  special  war  organizations.  They  show,  in  many  instances  for  dif¬ 
ferent  periods,  both  average  costs  and  ranges  of  cost  together  with 
the  aggregate  quantities  and  percentages  of  a  commodity  which  had 
been  produced  by  various  companies  at  or  below  various  specific 


FEDERAL  TRADE  COMMISSION 


265 


costs  per  unit.  Lists  of  some  250  of  the  more  important  of  these  confi¬ 
dential  reports  are  to  be  found  in  the  Annual  Reports  for  1918  (pp. 
29-30)  and  1919  (pp.  38-42).  The  principal  subjects  of  the  war¬ 
time  investigations  of  the  division  were  coal,  petroleum,  mineral 
building  materials,  lumber  and  lumber  products,  paper,  chemicals, 
raw  cotton,  wool  and  rags,  boots  and  shoes,  tobacco  products,  canned 
and  dried  foods,  meat,  grain  trade,  flour,  farm  operating  equipment, 
and  milk.  The  following  list  of  confidential  reports,  selected  from 
the  lists  printed  in  the  Annual  Reports,  serves  to  illustrate  this  cate¬ 
gory  of  the  records  of  the  Economic  Division. 

Reports  to  the  President 

Cost  of  producing  gasolene  and  fuel  oil  for  June,  1917,  September  7,  1917. 

Report  on  cost  of  steel  (second  report),  December  17,  1917. 

Reports  to  the  Department  of  War 

Cost  of  duck  on  army  order,  December  19,  1918. 

Cost  of  producing  bleaching  powder  (two  companies),  January  9,  1919. 

Cost  of  riprap  stone  (seven  companies),  January  25,  1919. 

Cost  of  locomotive  cranes  (five  companies),  April  2,  1919. 

Reports  to  the  Department  of  the  Navy 

Costs  of  Boston  lumber  dealers,  March  8,  1918. 

Cost  of  producing  “Grade  A”  zinc  during  1917  and  January-March,  1918, 
May  15,  1918. 

Cost  of  steel  wire  rope,  June  25,  1918. 

Cost  of  producing  sulphur,  July  2,  1918. 

Rail  costs  from  ore  to  finished  rails,  July  20,  1918. 

Cost  of  producing  forged  billets  of  company  supplying  Navy,  August  9, 
1918. 

Cost  of  producing  cast-iron  pipe,  November  29,  1918. 

Cost  of  producing  nickel  and  monel  steel,  year  ending  March  31,  1917,  and 
July,  1917,  November  30,  1918. 

Cost  of  gasolene  and  fuel  oil,  first  six  months  of  1918,  and  refinery  invest¬ 
ment  and  estimates  covering  the  fiscal  year  ended  June  30,  1918,  December 
26,  1918. 


Reports  to  the  War  Industries  Board 

Preliminary  report  on  steel  costs,  September  8,  1917. 
Cost  of  producing  sheet  steel,  November  17,  1917. 

Cost  of  producing  sole  leather,  July  12,  1918. 


266 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Cost  of  producing  copper  during  months  of  May,  1918,  and  January-May, 
1918,  August  6,  1918. 

Cost  of  producing  hemlock  lumber  in  Pennsylvania,  April-July,  1918,  Au¬ 
gust  12,  1918. 

Cost  of  producing  “Grade  A”  zinc,  sheet  and  plate,  April  and  May,  1918, 
August  17,  1918. 

Cost  of  producing  aluminum  products  first  six  months  of  1918  and  July, 
1918,  August  19,  1918. 

Cost  of  six  producers  of  chestnut  wood  extract,  August,  1918. 

Cost  of  coke,  pig  iron,  and  steel,  November,  1917,  and  April-June,  1918, 
September  13,  1918. 

Cost  of  production  of  steel  (preliminary),  September  17,  1918. 

Cost  of  producing  yellow  pine  lumber  and  timber — southern  pine  group — 
States  of  Alabama,  Arkansas,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  and  Texas,  May,  June, 
and  July,  1918,  September  17,  1918. 

Cost  of  producing  sulphuric  acid,  first  six  months  and  Jime  and  July,  1918, 
September,  1918. 

Cost  of  producing  yellow-pine  lumber  and  timbers,  Virginia-Florida  group, 
July,  1918,  September  20,  1918. 

Cost  of  producing  fir,  spruce,  and  hemlock  lumber  in  the  States  of  Wash¬ 
ington  and  Oregon,  May,  June,  and  July,  1918,  October  8,  1918. 

Tanning  costs  of  upper  leather,  October  8,  1918. 

Cost  of  producing  Portland  cement  for  seven  months,  1917,  and  April- 
June,  1918,  October  16,  1918. 

Cost  of  producing  gypsum  wall  board  (one  company),  October  21,  1918. 

Cost  of  cigarettes  and  tobacco  (four  companies),  November  18,  1918. 

Profits  from  tanning  leather,  November  9,  1918. 

Profits  of  shoe  manufacturers,  November  20,  1918. 

Wool  dealers’  profits,  November  24,  1918. 

Cost  per  pound  of  producing  copper,  August,  1918,  also  comparison  with 
cost  for  the  year  1917  and  months  March,  April,  May,  June,  and  July,  1918, 
November  29,  1918. 

Reports  to  the  Fuel  Administration 

Actual  yields  from  refining  companies  using  large  percentage  of  Gulf 
coast  crude  oil,  March  19,  1918. 

Cost  of  production  of  aviation  gasolene.  May  10,  1918. 

Anthracite  coal,  cost  of  production  tonnage  of  99  companies.  May  1917- 
1918,  August  6,  1918. 

Report  showing  in  detail  the  costs  of  each  coal  operator  in  the  central 
Pennsylvania  field,  by  months,  January-May,  1918,  November  4,  1918. 

Reports  to  the  Food  Administration 

Cost  of  crushing  cotton  seed,  July  16,  1918. 

Cost  of  ginning  cotton,  July  16,  1918. 


FEDERAL  TRADE  COMMISSION 


267 


Table  showing  number  of  animals  slaughtered  by  local  wholesale  slaugh¬ 
terers  in  1916  and  first  six  months  of  1917,  August  17,  1918. 

Cost  of  canned  salmon,  October  29,  1918. 

Report  to  the  Department  of  Agriculture 

Cotton  textiles,  December  14,  1918. 

Reports  to  the  Railroad  Administration 

Cost  of  producing  locomotives  on  government  order  of  company  supplying 
Railroad  Administration,  August  20,  1918. 

Cost  of  pig  iron  in  June,  1918,  in  certain  States,  September  13,  1918. 

Intercompany  profits  on  rails,  October  17,  1918. 

Cost  of  production  of  special  illuminating  gas,  December  24,  1918. 

Reports  to  the  Tariff  Commission 

Manganese  ore  in  Phillipsburg,  Montana,  district,  six  months  ending  De¬ 
cember  31,  1917,  six  months  ending  June  30,  1918,  and  three  months  ending 
September,  1918,  December  24,  1918. 

Manufacturing  costs  of  open-hearth  and  bessemer  standard  steel  rails,  Oc¬ 
tober,  1917-September,  1918,  February  3,  1919. 

Published  cost  reports.  Just  before  the  entry  of  the  United  States 
into  the  war  the  commission  was  directed  by  the  President  to  make  a 
comprehensive  investigation  of  the  food  industries  of  the  country, 
and  as  a  means  of  preventing  speculative  excesses  accompanying  the 
rising  prices  following  the  close  of  the  war  similar  investigations  of 
other  basic  industries  were  undertaken.  The  results  of  these  investi¬ 
gations  have  been  published  in  a  number  of  reports.  The  following  is 
a  list  of  such  of  them  as  seem  pertinent  to  the  present  survey. 

High  cost  of  living,  conference  with  delegates  appointed  by  governors  of 
States  in  re  food  and  fuel  supply  and  price,  Washington,  D.  C.,  April  30  and 
May  1,  1917  (1917,  119  pages).  Statements  of  the  delegates  regarding  the 
work  done  in  their  various  states  for  promoting  the  production  and  distribu¬ 
tion  of  food.  Organizations  and  surveys  described  in  connection  therewith. 

Food  investigation,  report  of  Federal  Trade  Commission  on  canned  foods, 
general  report,  and  canned  vegetables  and  fruits.  May  16,  1918  (1918,  103 
pages,  31  tables).  Based  on  a  study  of  books  of  important  companies,  can- 
ners,  brokers,  and  wholesale  grocers.  Discusses  conditions  surrounding  the 
industry,  costs,  profits,  prices ;  activities  of  canners’  associations ;  possible 
economies  in  manufacture  and  distribution.  Covers  years  of  1916-1917. 

Report  of  the  Federal  Trade  Commission  on  canned  foods,  1918;  corn,  peas, 
string  beans,  tomatoes,  and  salmon.  November  21,  1921  (1922,  86  pages). 
Costs  of  canned  foods  during  the  war. 


268 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Food  investigation,  report  ...  on  canned  foods;  canned  salmon  (1919,  83 
pages,  33  tables).  Based  on  schedules  sent  all  canners  and  on  examination  of 
the  books  of  the  most  important.  Report  describes  consumption,  cost  of  pro¬ 
duction,  and  profits  in  salmon-canning,  with  recommendations  for  the  protec¬ 
tion  of  the  industry  from  depletion  and  monopolization  by  rulings  of  the  Food 
Administration. 

Food  investigation,  report  ...  on  flour  milling  and  jobbing  (1918,  27 
pages).  Covers  years  1912-1917,  costs  and  profits  of  millers  and  distributors 
of  wheat  flour ;  marketing  conditions  and  practices  of  millers  and  distributors 
of  wheat  flour  (does  not  cover  conditions  and  practices  in  the  retail  flour 
trade). 

Food  investigation,  report  ...  on  meat-packing  industry:  Summary  and 
Part  1  (1919,  574  pages);  Part  2:  Evidence  of  combination  among  packers 
(1918,  290  pages)  ;  Part  3:  Methods  of  the  five  packers  in  controlling  meat¬ 
packing  industry,  June  28,  1919  (1919,  325  pages);  Part  4:  The  five  large 
packers  in  produce  and  grocery  foods  (1920,  390  pages)  ;  Part  5:  Profits  of 
packers  (1920,  110  pages);  Part  6:  Cost  of  growing  beef  animals;  Cost  of 
fattening  cattle;  Cost  of  marketing  live  stock  (1920,  183  pages)  ;  Prepared 
by  Farm  Management  OflSce,  Animal  Industry  Bureau,  and  Markets  Bureau. 

Maximum  profit  limitation  on  meat-packing  industry,  1919  (see  Senate  Doc. 
110,  66th  Cong.,  1st  Sess.,  179  pages).  Special  investigation  of  the  reason¬ 
ableness  of  the  maximum  profit  limitations  fixed  by  the  Food  Administration; 
hearings  before  the  Federal  Trade  Commission  at  Chicago  relative  to  meat 
packers’  profits,  June,  1918 ;  letters  purporting  to  show  disagreement  between 
Herbert  Hoover  and  chairman  W.  B.  Colver  as  to  the  recommendations  to  be 
made ;  reports  of  expert  accountants. 

Food  investigation,  report  ...  on  private  car  lines:  Part  1,  General  sur¬ 
vey  of  private  car  lines;  Part  2,  Packer  car  lines  and  their  relations  to  the 
public;  Part  3,  Nonpacker  car  lines  (1920,  271  pages,  105  tables).  Covers 
particularly  the  refrigerator  transportation  of  meats  and  other  perishable 
foods.  Recommendations  made  to  correct  present  irregularities  of  service  and 
rates  and  to  avoid  monopolistic  use  of  certain  types  of  cars. 

Food  investigation,  report  ...  on  wholesale  marketing  of  food  (1920,  268 
pages).  (1)  Urgency  of  food  problem  and  its  proposed  solution.  (2)  Present 
organization  of  the  wholesale  marketing  system.  (3)  Conditions  in  the  whole¬ 
sale  marketing  of  produce  which  make  for  losses.  (4)  Methods  of  handling 
wholesale  food  problem. 

Report  ...  on  commercial  wheat  flour  milling  (1920,  118  pages,  35 
tables).  General  survey  of  flour  milling  in  the  United  States,  and  a  discus¬ 
sion  of  changes  in  prices,  costs,  and  profits,  1913-1918,  based  on  data  col¬ 
lected  from  the  records  of  a  small  number  of  large  milling  companies  pro¬ 
ducing  a  large  part  of  the  flour  sold  in  the  United  States  markets;  milling 
situation  on  Pacific  coast  also  discussed  briefly. 

Report  of  Federal  Trade  Commission  on  grain  trade:  Vol.  1,  Country  grain 
marketing  (1920,  350  pages,  85  tables  in  text,  20  in  appendix).  A  detailed 


FEDERAL  TRADE  COMMISSION 


269 


description  of  the  mechanism  and  methods  employed  in  country  marketing; 
purchase  and  sale  of  grains  at  country  points;  various  conditions  and  cir¬ 
cumstances  affecting  this  trade.  Deals  principally  with  the  processes  of 
handling  grains  by  various  types  of  country  elevators.  Covers  years  1912- 
1918. 

Id.,  Vol.  2,  Terminal  grain  market  and  exchanges  (1920,  333  pages,  79 
tables).  Covers  17  markets,  10  of  which,  known  as  “primary  markets,”  re¬ 
ceive  bulk  of  grain  from  local  points  in  producing  territory;  describes  growth 
and  relative  importance  of  these  markets,  and  outlines  the  functions  exer¬ 
cised  and  rules  prescribed  by  these  grain  exchange  associations. 

Id.,  Vol  3,  Terminal  grain  marketing  (1922,  332  pages,  43  tables).  Car-lot 
movement  of  grain,  receiving  and  purchasing  from  country  points,  transpor¬ 
tation  and  railroad  terminal  facilities,  warehousing  and  storage  at  terminal 
points,  merchandising  and  shipping  business  in  terminal  markets,  operations 
of  cash  grain  brokers,  financing,  the  grain  bulletin,  scalping  in  the  cash 
markets. 

Id.,  Vol.  6,  Future  trading  operations  in  grain  (1920,  347  pages,  21  tables). 
Describes  the  technique  of  operations  of  future  trading,  including  the  fa¬ 
cilities  and  machinery  for  it  and  such  incidental  references  to  purpose  and 
functions  as  are  necessary  to  an  understanding  of  the  technique. 

Report  of  Federal  Trade  Commission  on  wheat  prices  for  1920  crop  (1921, 
91  pages,  16  tables).  Data  date  back  to  1911,  but  are  chiefly  for  the  year 
1920.  Investigation  of  dumping  of  Canadian  grain,  as  complained  against  in 
October,  1920,  by  growers  of  North  Dakota  and  adjacent  regions. 

Report  of  beet  sugar  industry  in  United  States  for  five  years  ending  with 
season  of  1913-191 J/.  (1917,  164  pages,  33  tables).  The  report  deals  chiefly 
with  the  costs  and  profits  of  growing  sugar  beets,  the  cost  of  manufacturing 
and  marketing  beet  sugar,  the  profits  in  the  manufacture  and  sale  of  beet 
sugar,  and  the  relation  between  sugar  beet  growers  and  beet-sugar  manu¬ 
facturers. 

Report  of  Federal  Trade  Commission  on  sugar  supply  and  prices  (1920, 
205  pages,  53  tables).  Covers  1919  and  early  1920;  conditions  in  the  produc¬ 
tion  and  distribution  of  sugar;  inquiry  into  prices  and  their  reasonableness, 
existing  supplies  and  causes  of  shortage ;  government  policy  in  relation  to 
1919-1920  Cuban  sugar  crop. 

Milk  and  milk  products,  summary  (1921,  19  pages).  Covers  1914-1918; 
information  regarding  the  production,  costs,  prices,  profits,  various  business 
practices  in  the  milk  and  milk  products  industries  during  the  war,  and  cer¬ 
tain  activities  of  the  Food  Administration  in  connection  therewith.  Covers 
the  years  1914-1918.  The  report  of  which  this  is  a  summary  has  234  pages. 

Southern  livestock  prices  (1920,  11  pages;  same  as  Senate  Doc.  209,  66th 
Cong.,  2nd  Sess.).  Object,  to  determine  whether  or  not  producers  of  live  stock 
in  southern  States  were  being  discriminated  against;  includes  (1)  comparison 
of  cattle  and  hog  prices  in  southern  with  those  in  northern  and  western  States ; 
(2)  similar  comparisons  for  beef  and  pork  products;  (3)  comparisons  of 


270 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


quality;  (4)  comparisons  of  live-stock  production  and  marketing  methods  in 
the  south  with  those  in  north  and  west. 

Commercial  feeds,  complete  report  (1921,  206  pages,  35  tables  in  text  and 
16  tables  in  appendix).  Covers  the  years  1913-1920;  the  principal  producing 
and  consuming  centers  of  animal  feeds  in  the  United  States  except  Pacific 
coast;  supply,  fluctuation  in  price,  extent  of  conversion  of  animal  feeds; 
combinations  or  understandings  between  feed  manufacturers,  wholesale  feed 
dealers,  and  retail  feed  dealers. 

Report  on  fertiliser  industry  (1916,  269  pages;  same  as  House  Doc.  551, 
64th  Cong.,  1st  Sess.,  74  tables,  6  diagrams).  Describes  conditions  of  pro¬ 
duction  and  sale  of  materials  used  in  fertilizers.  Also  special  study  of  whole¬ 
sale  price  fluctuations  and  relation  of  wholesale  prices  to  those  paid  by 
farmer. 

Report  ...  on  causes  of  high  price  of  farm  implements  (1920,  713  pages; 
177  tables  in  text,  44  in  exhibits).  Covers  the  years  1914-1918,  but  vtdth  em¬ 
phasis  on  1916-1918;  costs,  prices,  and  profits  of  implement  manufacturers; 
prices  and  profits  of  implement  dealers;  restraints  of  trade  between  manu¬ 
facturers  and  dealers ;  situation  of  the  farmer  with  respect  to  the  prices  paid 
for  implements  and  his  general  economic  position. 

Report  ...  on  Anthracite  and  Bituminous  Coal  (1917,  420  pages,  69 
tables;  same  as  Senate  Doc.  50,  65th  Cong.,  1st  Sess.  A  summary  giving 
the  principal  facts  in  answer  to  Senate  Res.  51,  65th  Cong.,  1st  Sess.,  and 
Senate  Res.  217,  64th  Cong.,  1st  Sess.).  Production;  cost;  distribution;  prices, 
in  anthracite  industry  for  fall  and  winter,  1916-1917.  Bituminous  coal  in¬ 
dustry  referred  to  only  incidentally. 

Cost  report  of  Federal  Trade  Commission:  Coal,  No.  1,  Pennsylvania,  bitu¬ 
minous  (1919,  103  pages).  This  and  the  six  following  reports.  Nos.  1-7,  re¬ 
late  particularly  to  costs  of  coal  during  the  war  period. 

Id.,  Coal,  No.  2,  Pennsylvania,  anthracite  (1919,  145  pages). 

Id.,  Coal,  No.  S,  Illinois,  bituminous  (1920,  127  pages). 

Id.,  Coal,  No.  Jf.,  Alabama,  Tennessee,  and  Kentucky,  bituminous  (1920, 
210  pages). 

Id.,  Coal,  No.  5,  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Michigan,  bituminous  (1920,  288 
pages). 

Id.,  Coal,  No.  6,  Maryland,  West  Virginia,  and  Virginia,  bituminous  (1920, 
286  pages). 

Id.,  Coal,  No.  7,  Trans-Mississippi  States,  bituminous  (1921,  459  pages). 

Preliminary  report  of  the  Federal  Trade  Commission  on  investment  and 
profit  in  soft-coal  mining.  Part  I,  May  31,  1922;  Part  II,  July  6,  1922  (1922, 
222  pages).  Important  for  the  effects  of  the  war  on  the  industry. 

Report  on  the  price  of  gasolene  in  1915  (1917,  224  pages,  37  tables  in  text, 
39  in  exhibits).  Demand  and  supply;  costs  and  margins;  earnings,  dividends, 
and  quotations  on  the  stocks  of  representative  refining  and  marketing  com¬ 
panies;  inequalities  in  competition  and  price;  retail  price  and  margins. 

Report  on  pipe-line  transportation  of  petroleum  (1916,  467  pages,  256 


FEDERAL  TRADE  COMMISSION 


271 


tables).  Deals  principally  with  pipe-line  transportation  of  crude  oil  from 
the  mid-Continent  field  (Kansas,  Oklahoma,  northern  Texas,  and  northern 
Louisiana)  to  refineries  or  connecting  pipe  lines.  Shows  total  investments  and 
total  earnings  in  the  systems,  investment  in  pipe  lines,  cost  of  transporting 
crude  oil  by  pipe  lines,  charges  and  regulations  imposed  by  owners  on  other 
shippers,  excess  of  such  charges  over  actual  cost,  and  other  phases  of  present 
conditions. 

Advance  in  price  of  petroleum  products,  letter  transmitting  report  in  re¬ 
sponse  to  resolution  directing  commission  to  make  immediate  inquiry  into 
cause  of  recent  advance  in  prices  of  all  petroleum  products  (June  1,  1920,  57 
pages;  same  as  House  Doc.  801,  66th  Cong.,  2nd  Sess. ;  26  tables).  Pro¬ 
duction,  consumption,  stocks,  imports,  exports,  prices  of  petroleum  products, 
chiefly  in  the  United  States,  for  years  1918-1920.  Some  tables  cover  1910- 
1920.  Discusses  production  in  foreign  countries,  giving  the  probable  na¬ 
tionality  of  the  interests  there  in  control.  Recommendations  for  the  relief 
of  the  situation  of  the  United  States  in  view  of  excess  of  present  consumption 
over  production. 

Pacific  coast  petroleum  industry,  complete  report,  1921.  Two  parts;  covers 
the  years  1914-1919.  Part  I:  Production,  ownership,  and  profits  (276  pages, 
61  tables).  Sources  of  supply;  effect  on  California  production  of  oil,  land 
withdrawals;  organization  and  operation  of  large  Pacific  coast  companies. 
Part  II:  Prices  and  competitive  conditions  (261  pages,  16  tables).  Methods  of 
marketing  crude  petroleum  and  petroleum  products ;  distribution  in  domestic 
and  export  markets  by  large  marketers ;  prices ;  competitive  conditions. 

Report  on  newsprint  paper  industry  (1917,  162  pages,  32  tables;  same  as 
Senate  Doc.  49,  65th  Cong.,  1st  Sess.).  Includes  investigations  of  prices, 
costs,  factors  of  supply  and  demand,  and  activities  of  manufacturers  and 
jobbers;  also  recommendations  for  government  supervision. 

Book-paper  industry,  reports,  1917.  Preliminary  report,  June  14,  1917  (11 
pages,  same  as  Senate  Doc.  45,  65th  Cong.,  1st  Sess.).  Final  report  August 
21,  1917  (125  pages,  34  tables).  Increases  in  cost,  price,  and  marginal 
profits,  1915-1916,  and  recommendations  looking  toward  limitation  of  same. 

Report  on  the  Petroleum  Industry  of  Wyoming  (1921,  54  pages).  The 
petroleum  industry  in  the  Rocky  Mountain  region ;  effects  of  the  war. 

Cost  reports  of  Federal  Trade  Commission:  Copper  (1919,  26  pages,  14 
tables).  Report  on  cost  of  producing  copper  in  the  United  States  for  1918 
and  also  in  Canada,  Mexico,  Cuba,  and  South  America;  undertaken  to  assist 
the  Price-Fixing  Committee  of  the  War  Industries  Board. 

Report  on  woolen  rag  trade  (1920,  90  pages,  21  tables).  Information  ob¬ 
tained  at  the  request  of  the  War  Industries  Board,  for  its  use  in  regulating 
the  prices  of  woolen  rags.  Includes  relation  of  manufacture  of  shoddy  to 
woolen  rag  trade;  development  of  woolen  rag  trade;  origin  and  kinds  of 
commodities  dealt  in;  nature  of  functions  performed  by  various  dealers; 
course  of  prices;  profits  of  dealers;  comprehensive  classification  of  grades 
adapted  to  use  in  the  trade. 


272 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Combed  cotton  yarns,  complete  report  (1921,  94<  pages,  96  tables,  11 
charts).  Covers  chiefly  the  years  1913-1920;  based  on  reports  of  14  leading 
firms.  Includes  statement  of  costs  and  prices,  showing  that  profits  of  1916 
and  succeeding  years  were  large  enough  to  equal  the  total  capital,  including 
borrowed  money  required  to  conduct  the  business. 

Report  on  leather  and  shoe  industries,  191^-1918  (1919,  180  pages,  47 
tables).  Deals  with  the  price  of  hides,  general  conditions  in  the  hide  mar¬ 
ket,  the  prices  of  certain  kinds  of  leather,  profits  in  the  tanning  industry, 
and  cost  of  tanning  certain  staple  leathers ;  cost  of  manufacturing  shoes ;  cost 
and  selling  prices  (wholesale  and  retail)  of  shoes ;  and  general  conditions  in 
the  hide,  leather,  and  shoe  business. 

Shoe  and  leather  costs  and  prices,  complete  report  (1921,  212  pages,  66 
tables  in  text  and  37  in  appendix).  Based  on  schedules  and  on  books  of 
companies.  Price  trends  of  hide,  leather,  and  shoes,  1913-1921,  with  special 
reference  to  prices,  1918-1919;  production,  consumption,  and  stocks  of  hides, 
leather,  and  shoes,  1918-1919;  costs  and  profits  per  unit  of  production  and 
with  respect  to  total  business  of  tanners,  shoe  manufacturers,  shoe  whole¬ 
salers  and  jobbers,  and  retailers,  1918-1919;  general  conditions  in  the  hide, 
leather,  and  shoe  industries. 

Cooperation  in  American  export  trade  (1916:  Part  I,  387  pages;  Part  II, 
597  pages).  Discussion  of  conditions  developed  by  the  war. 


UNITED  STATES  TARIFF  COMMISSION 


Functions  and  Records 

The  United  States  Tariff  Commission  was  created  by  title  VII  of 
the  revenue  act  of  September  8,  1916.  Its  chief  function  is  the  gath¬ 
ering  of  information  on  all  phases  of  the  tariff  question  for  the  use 
of  the  President  and  committees  of  Congress.  For  each  commodity 
mentioned  in  the  later  tariff  acts  it  gathers  and  records,  in  Tariff  In¬ 
formation  Surveys,  a  description  of  the  commodity,  its  uses,  methods 
and  processes  of  manufacture,  divergencies  between  American  and 
foreign  methods,  conditions  under  which  competition  occurs  between 
products  of  foreign  and  domestic  origin,  the  nature  and  sources  of 
supply  of  materials,  domestic  production  and  exports,  imports,  reve¬ 
nue  from  imports,  the  extent  to  which  imports  compete  with  domes¬ 
tic  production,  costs  of  manufacture  in  the  United  States  and  in 
foreign  countries,  and  references  to  sources  from  which  further  in¬ 
formation  may  be  obtained.  Correspondence  with  manufacturers, 
exporters,  and  dealers,  and  the  proceedings  of  conferences  held  with 
the  representatives  of  certain  industries  are  contained  in  auxiliary 
files. 

The  commodities  regarding  which  information  was  first  gathered 
were  those  that  w'ere  most  affected  by  the  war,  and  the  commission 
particularly  endeavored  to  secure  all  available  data  respecting  dis¬ 
turbance  to  industries  caused  by  the  war  and  the  conditions  likely  to 
follow  upon  its  close.  In  its  annual  reports  the  commission  enu¬ 
merates  and  briefly  describes  the  work  and  publications  completed 
during  the  year  under  review. 

Publications 

The  publications  of  the  commission  are:  (1)  annual  reports,  (2) 
reports  prepared  for  the  consideration  of  problems  arising  from  the 
war,  (3)  tariff  information  surveys,  which  describe  the  industrial 
and  commercial  conditions  and  tendencies  in  the  production  of  com¬ 
modities  enumerated  in  the  tariff  act,  (4)  a  tariff  information  series, 
which  is  an  outgrowth  of  the  work  on  the  tariff  information  surveys, 
(5)  special  reports  dealing  with  the  commercial  policies  of  the 


274 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


United  States  and  foreign  countries.  Particular  attention  is  di¬ 
rected  to  the  following : 

First  armual  report  of  the  United  States  Tariff  Commission,  1917  (26 
pages). 

Second  Annual  Report,  1918  (118  pages). 

Third  Annual  Report,  1919  (64  pages). 

Fourth  Annual  Report,  1920  (64  pages). 

List  of  principal  subjects  investigated  and  reported  upon  by  the  United 
States  Tariff  Commission  (1921,  34  pages). 

Subject  index  to  tariff  information  surveys  (^manuscript)  and  reports 
(printed)  (1920,  25  pages). 

Dyes  and  other  coal-tar  chemicals  (1919,  83  pages).  A  report  to  Congress 
recommending  a  revision  of  the  tariff  on  dyestuffs  to  meet  changes  in  the  dye 
industry  produced  by  the  war. 

The  dyestuff  situation  in  the  textile  industries  (1918,  28  pages).  A  study 
of  the  effect  of  the  shortage  of  dyestuffs  on  the  textile  industries. 

Census  of  dyes  and  coal-tar  chemicals,  1918  (1919,  103  pages).  History  of 
the  dye  industry  in  the  United  States  since  the  beginning  of  the  war,  with 
statistics  of  imports  and  exports. 

Cost  of  production  in  the  dye  industry,  1918  and  1919  (1920,  24  pages). 

Silk  and  manufacture  of  silk  (1918,  166  pages).  Statistical  tables;  war 
disturbances;  testimony  of  manufacturers. 

Cotton  Venetians :  import  trade  and  domestic  production  (1919,  83  pages). 
Development  of  American  trade  in  Venetians  prior  to  the  war;  future  of  the 
domestic  Venetian  and  its  competitive  strength  after  the  war;  government 
requisition  of  Venetians  for  army  use. 

Cotton  yarn:  import  and  export  trade  in  relation  to  the  tariff  (1920,  320 
pages).  Pre-war  position  of  the  United  States  as  an  exporter  of  cotton  yarn; 
development  of  the  yarn  export  trade  during  the  war;  outlook  for  retention 
of  expanded  export  trade. 

The  rvool-growing  industry  (1921,  592  pages).  Wool  control  during  the 
war ;  prices ;  wool  growing  in  the  United  States ;  wool  growing  in  foreign 
countries. 

Agricultural  staples  and  the  tariff  (1920,  190  pages).  Changes  effected  by 
the  war;  comparison  of  conditions  in  Canada  and  the  United  States. 

Costs  of  production  in  the  sugar  industry  (1919,  55  pages).  Pre-war  con¬ 
ditions  ;  war  conditions ;  costs  of  specific  items ;  relation  of  costs  and  prices. 

Refined  sugar:  costs,  prices,  and  profits  (1920,  43  pages).  Pre-war  prices 
and  profits ;  costs,  prices,  and  profits  during  the  war ;  government  regulation 
of  sugar. 

Survey  of  the  American  bean  industry  (1920,  32  pages).  Shortage  during 
the  war ;  competitive  conditions. 


UNITED  STATES  TARIFF  COMMISSION 


275 


Survey  of  the  American  peanut  industry  (1920,  32  pages).  Production  in 
the  United  States  and  foreign  countries ;  conditions  during  the  war. 

Survey  of  the  American  cottonseed  oil  industry  (1920,  26  pages).  Substi¬ 
tutes  and  competing  articles  during  the  war. 

Information  concerning  the  domestic  potato-product  industries ;  potato 
flour,  dried  or  dehydrated  potatoes,  potato  starch,  potato  dextrine  (1919,  28 
pages). 

The  button  industry  (1918,  125  pages).  Manufacture  of  buttons  in  the 
United  States ;  button  industry  and  trade  in  foreign  countries ;  statistics ; 
statements  of  manufacurers,  importers  and  exporters. 

The  glass  industry  as  affected  by  the  rear  (1918,  147  pages).  Pre-war 
trade;  increase  in  the  cost  of  materials;  war  disturbances  in  the  supply  of 
war  materials;  factors  depended  upon  for  holding  export  trade  after  the 
war. 

Information  concerning  the  potash  industry  (1919,  62  pages).  Significance 
of  potash  in  agriculture  and  in  chemical  industries;  development  of  the  in¬ 
dustry  during  the  war;  detailed  information  concerning  individual  salts; 
wholesale  prices. 

Information  concerning  the  pyrites  and  sulphur  industry  (1919,  31  pages). 
Summary  of  the  pyrite  and  sulphur  situation;  domestic  production;  foreign 
production ;  imports ;  prices. 

Information  concerning  zinc  ore  (1919,  45  pages).  Effects  of  the  war;  do¬ 
mestic  production ;  foreign  resources  and  foreign  production. 

Information  concerning  tungsten-bearing  ores  (1919,  47  pages).  Effect  of 
the  war  upon  the  tungsten  industry;  competitive  conditions. 

Information  concerning  manganese  ore  (1919,  28  pages).  Increased  pro¬ 
duction  in  the  United  States  during  the  war. 

Information  concerning  the  manganese  industry  (1919,  23  pages).  Effects 
of  the  war  upon  the  industry. 

Information  concerning  graphite  (1919,  28  pages).  Domestic  production; 
foreign  production ;  imports ;  prices ;  competitive  conditions ;  graphite  pro¬ 
ducers  by  States  (1917). 

Information  concerning  optical  glass  and  chemical  glassrvare  (1919,  35 
pages).  Establishment  and  development  of  the  industries  in  the  United  States 
during  the  war ;  their  status  at  the  close  of  the  war. 

Information  concerning  scientific  instruments  (1919,  36  pages).  The  do¬ 
mestic  industry ;  foreign  production ;  competitive  conditions ;  war  develop¬ 
ments. 

The  surgical  instrument  industry  in  the  United  States  (1918,  64  pages). 
The  American  industry  and  foreign  competition  before  the  war;  effects  of 
the  war  upon  the  industry  in  the  United  States. 

Industrial  readjustments  of  certain  mineral  industries  affected  by  the  mar 
(1920,  320  pages).  Antimony;  chromite;  graphite;  magnesite;  manganese; 
potash;  pyrites;  sulphur;  quicksilver;  tungsten. 


276 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Interim  legislation  (1921,  33  pages).  Discussion  of  tariff  problems  arising 
from  the  revenue  exigencies  of  the  war. 

Depreciated  exchange  and  international  trade  (1922,  118  pages).  Rates 
of  exchange;  foreign  and  domestic  prices  of  sundry  commodities;  wages  in 
the  United  States,  England,  and  Germany. 

Information  concerning  American  valuation  as  basis  for  assessing  duties  ad 
valorem  (1921,  39  pages).  Discussion  of  proposal  to  substitute  home  valua¬ 
tion  for  foreign  market  value  of  imported  commodities  as  a  means  of  pre¬ 
venting  the  “dumping”  of  inferior  goods  into  the  United  States. 

Japan:  Trade  during  the  war  (1919,  147  pages).  A  study  of  the  effect  of 
war  conditions  upon  the  foreign  trade  of  Japan,  with  particular  reference  to 
changes  in  the  trade  between  Japan  and  the  United  States. 

Summary  of  tariff  information  relative  to  H.R.  7^56  (Fordney  Bill),  pre¬ 
pared  pursuant  to  a  request  by  the  Senate  Committee  on  Finance  (1922,  1625 
pages).  Descriptive  and  economic  data  on  commodities  mentioned  in  the  bill. 

Commercial  Policy  in  War  Time  and  After,  by  William  Smith  Culbertson 
(New  York,  1919,  479  pages).  Surveys  the  influences  of  the  war  on  American 
and  foreign  industrial  conditions ;  discusses  the  various  commercial  problems 
of  the  United  States ;  emphasizes  the  permanent  changes  caused  by  the  war. 
[Unofficial.] 


FEDERAL  RESERVE  BOARD 


Functions 

The  Federal  Reserve  Board  is  charged  with  the  administration  of 
the  Federal  Reserve  banking  system  which  was  created  by  act  of  De¬ 
cember  23,  1913,  entitled,  “An  act  to  provide  for  the  establishment 
of  Federal  Reserve  banks,  to  furnish  an  elastic  currency,  to  alford 
means  of  rediscounting  commercial  paper,  to  establish  a  more  effec¬ 
tive  supervision  of  banking  in  the  United  States,  and  for  other  pur¬ 
poses.”  In  supervising  the  Federal  Reserve  banks,  the  board  directs 
the  policy  of  the  system  as  a  whole,  with  special  reference  to  the 
reserve,  discount,  and  note-issue  functions.  During  the  war  the 
hoard’s  chief  concern  was  so  to  administer  the  system  that  it  could 
meet  the  heavy  demands  and  extraordinary  conditions  of  war  fi¬ 
nance.  As  special  war  functions  it  took  over  control  of  security 
issues,  foreign  exchange,  gold  and  silver,  and  the  export  of  bullion, 
coin,  and  paper  currency. 


Publications 

Fourth  Annual  Report  of  the  Federal  Reserve  Board,  . 
operations  for  the  year,  1917  (Washington,  1918,  621  pages).  Part  I: 
discount  policy  in  connection  with  war  financing ;  war  finance  and  bank¬ 
ing;  discount  rates  and  war  financing;  curtailment  of  unnecessary 
credit.  Part  II,  reports  from  districts :  Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia, 
Cleveland,  Richmond,  Atlanta,  Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Minneapolis,  Kansas 
City,  Dallas,  and  San  Francisco. 

Fifth  Annual  Report  of  the  Federal  Reserve  Board  .  .  .  1918  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  913  pages).  Effect  of  war  financing  upon  the  Federal  Re¬ 
serve  banks ;  export  of  gold,  bullion,  and  currency ;  regulation  and  con¬ 
trol  of  foreign  exchange;  Capital  Issues  Committee;  reports  from 
districts. 

Sixth  Armual  Report  of  the  Federal  Reserve  Board  .  .  .  1919  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1920,  553  pages).  Financial  exigencies  of  the  war;  movement  of 
the  principal  assets  and  liabilities  of  Federal  Reserve  banks ;  foreign 
trade  and  foreign  credits;  regulation  and  control  of  foreign  exchange; 
exports  of  coin,  bullion,  and  currency ;  reports  from  districts. 

Federal  Reserve  Bulletin  (Washington,  1915 - ).  A  monthly  pub¬ 

lication  by  the  Federal  Reserve  Board.  An  Index-Digest  to  Vols.  1-6 


278 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


(1915-1920)  was  published  in  1921.  For  the  years  1917  and  1918  par¬ 
ticular  attention  is  directed  to  the  following  topics : 

“War  loans  to  foreign  countries”  (January,  1917,  Vol.  3,  pp.  10-19). 
“Collaboration  with  the  Federal  Trade  Conunission”  (January,  1917,  Vol. 
3,  pp.  21-23). 

“Business  conditions  throughout  the  Federal  Reserve  districts”  (February, 
1917,  Vol.  3,  pp.  119-134). 

“Investments  in  foreign  loans”  (April,  1917,  Vol.  3,  pp.  239-240). 

“War  financing”  (May,  1917,  Vol.  3,  pp.  340-344). 

“Foreign  war  loans”  (May,  1917,  Vol.  3,  p.  349). 

“German  war  loans”  (May,  1917,  Vol.  3,  pp.  350-351). 

“National  banks  and  the  war”  (May,  1917,  Vol.  3,  pp.  351-352). 

“The  progress  of  inflation”  (May,  1917,  Vol.  3,  pp.  375-377). 

“Foreign  exchange  rates  in  belligerent,  neutral,  and  silver-standard  coun¬ 
tries”  (May,  1917,  Vol.  3,  pp.  404-406). 

“Transactions  with  alien  enemies”  (June,  1917,  Vol.  3,  pp.  431-432). 
“Cooperation  of  American  Bankers’  Association  in  connection  with  Liberty 
Loan”  (June,  1917,  Vol.  3,  pp.  438-439). 

“Export  licenses  in  the  foreign  trade”  (August  1,  1917,  Vol.  3,  pp.  582- 
585). 

“Loans  to  cattle  raisers”  (September  1,  1917,  Vol.  3,  p.  659). 
“Regulations  governing  export  of  coin,  bullion,  and  currency”  (October, 

1917,  Vol.  3,  pp.  736-739). 

“War-savings  certificates”  (December,  1917,  Vol.  3,  pp.  925-929). 

“Credit  needs  of  farmers”  (December,  1917,  Vol.  3,  pp.  937-938). 
“Changes  in  principal  assets  and  liabilities  of  the  New  York  clearing 
banks  since  April,  1917”  (January,  1918,  Vol.  4,  p.  28). 

“Capital  Issues  Committee  of  the  Federal  Reserve  Board”  (February, 

1918,  Vol.  4,  pp.  77-79). 

“Curtailment  of  unnecessary  credit”  (April,  1918,  Vol.  4,  pp.  260-263). 
“War  expenditures,  war  debts,  and  increase  in  note  circulation  of  principal 
countries”  (April,  1918,  Vol.  4,  pp.  267-284). 

“Indexes  of  business  conditions”  (June,  1918,  Vol.  4,  p.  491). 

“Work  of  the  Capital  Issues  Committee”  (June,  1918,  Vol.  4,  pp.  494- 
495). 

“Control  of  coin,  bullion,  and  currency  movement”  (June,  1918,  Vol.  4, 
pp.  499-501). 

“Movement  of  prices”  (June,  1918,  Vol.  4,  pp.  504-505). 

“Indexes  of  business  conditions”  (July,  1918,  Vol.  4,  pp.  597-600). 
“Indexes  of  wholesale  prices”  (September,  1918,  Vol.  4,  pp.  810-812). 
“Discount  and  interest  rates  prevailing  in  various  cities”  (September, 
1918,  Vol.  4,  pp.  812-815). 

“Loans  for  relief  of  banks  and  individuals  in  crop-raising  sections  of  the 
West  and  Southwest”  (September,  1918,  Vol.  4,  pp.  828-832). 


FEDERAL  RESER^HE  BOARD 


279 


"Conservation  of  productive  power  and  credit”  (October,  1918,  Vol.  4, 
pp.  931-937). 

“Condition  of  the  savings  institutions  in  the  United  States”  (October, 
1918,  Vol.  4,  pp.  952-964). 

“Statement  by  War  Trade  Board  relative  to  curtailment  of  less  essential 
productive  activities”  (November,  1918,  Vol.  4,  p.  1078). 

“Business  conditions  throughout  the  Federal  Reserve  districts”  (Decem¬ 
ber,  1918,  Vol.  4,  pp.  1220-1237). 


UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD 


Organization  and  Functions 

The  United  States  Shipping  Board  was  created  by  the  shipping  act 
of  September  7,  1916,  and  was  formally  organized  on  January  30, 
1917.  It  is  a  permanent  establishment  and  its  normal  peace-time 
functions  are:  (1)  the  regulation  of  rates  and  practices  of  common 
carriers  by  water  engaged  in  interstate  and  foreign  commerce;  (2) 
to  encourage  the  development  of  a  merchant  marine  and  a  naval 
auxiliary  and  reserve  by  constructive  recommendations  made  upon 
the  basis  of  investigations  into  such  matters  as  comparative  costs  of 
shipbuilding  and  operation,  systems  of  marine  insurance,  regulation 
of  shipping,  and  methods  of  attracting  investment  in  American 
shipping;  (3)  the  acquisition  by  construction,  purchase,  lease,  or 
charter  of  vessels,  and  their  disposition,  through  sale,  lease,  or  char¬ 
ter,  for  service  in  the  merchant  marine  of  the  United  States. 

The  war-time  functions  of  the  board  were  greatly  extended  by 
legislation  and  executive  orders  issued  under  authority  thereof.  They 
included  the  acquisition  of  vessels  by  requisition,  commandeering, 
and  seizure,  the  maintenance  and  operation  of  vessels,  their  assign¬ 
ment  or  allocation,  and  the  regulation  of  shipping  and  shipbuilding, 
including  wages  and  hours  and  conditions  of  labor.  Other  incidental 
and  auxiliary  functions  were  the  improvement  of  port  and  terminal 
facilities,  the  building  of  dry  docks  and  repair  yards,  the  coordina¬ 
tion  of  maritime  with  land  transportation,  the  recruiting  for  the 
merchant  service,  the  housing  and  transportation  of  shipyard  em¬ 
ployees,  etc.  Many  of  these  war-time  functions,  especially  the  con¬ 
struction  and  operation  of  vessels,  were  performed  by  the  United 
States  Shipping  Board  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation,  which  was 
created  by  the  board  on  April  16,  1917,  under  authority  of  section 
11  of  the  shipping  act  of  September  7, 1916. 

A  summary  of  the  legislation  affecting  the  Shipping  Board  is  to 
be  found  in  its  Second  Annual  Report  (December  1,  1918,  pp.  13- 
16).  A  convenient  compilation  of  laws,  proclamations,  and  executive 
orders,  revised  to  January  1, 1919,  was  published  by  the  board:  The 
Shipping  Act  {as  amended)  and  the  Emergency  Shipping  Act 
with  other  laws  relating  to  the  Shipping  Board  and  Emergency  Fleet 


UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD 


281 


Corporation,  with  the  Proclamations  and  Executive  Orders  pertain¬ 
ing  thereto  (Washington,  1919,  87  pages).  A  later  edition,  revised 
to  July  1,  1920,  is  Shipping  Act  and  Merchant  Marine  Act,  1920, 
Suits  in  Admiralty  Act,  Emergency  Shipping  Legislation  and  other 
Laws,  Proclamations,  and  Executive  Orders  relating  to  the  Shipping 
Board  and  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation  (Washington,  1920,  151 
pages).  The  board  also  compiled  and  published,  April  1,  1919,  Ap¬ 
propriation  laws  of  the  Shipping  Board  and  Emergency  Fleet  Cor¬ 
poration  (Washington,  1919,  26  pages). 

The  organization  of  the  Shipping  Board  was  subject  to  an  almost 
constant  process  of  development  and  modification  during  the  war 
period.  A  series  of  organization  charts  in  the  files  of  the  historian  of 
the  board  shows  the  organization  at  various  times.  The  chart  of 
November,  1918,  represents  the  fully  developed  war  organization  of 
the  board,  while  that  of  April,  1919,  is  the  most  elaborate  and  com¬ 
plete.  The  Second  Annual  Report  contains  a  good  general  account 
of  the  various  divisions  and  their  functions  as  of  1918.  The  more 
important  offices  and  divisions  for  the  purposes  of  this  survey  were 
as  follows: 


Shipping  Board 

Office  of  the  secretary — where  were  preserved  the  minutes  of  the 
board,  the  weekly  reports  of  divisions,  the  general  files,  and  the  files 
of  the  historian. 

Division  of  planning  and  statistics — dealing  with  inventory  and 
movement  of  vessels,  studies  of  trade  and  commodities,  studies  of 
ocean  freight  rates  and  relative  costs  of  operation,  estimate  of  op¬ 
portunities  for  employment  of  tonnage,  etc. 

Law  division — handling  all  legal  matters,  except  litigation,  such 
as  commandeering  of  vessels  under  construction,  acquisition  of  Dutch 
vessels,  negotiations  for  neutral  tonnage,  etc. 

Marine  and  dock  industrial  relations — dealing  with  labor  ques¬ 
tions  arising  in  the  handling  of  ships,  including  loading  and  un¬ 
loading. 

National  adjustment  commission — for  the  adjustment  of  wages, 
hours,  and  conditions  of  labor,  etc.,  of  longshoremen. 

Port  and  harbor  facilities  commission — for  the  preparation  and 


282 


OFFICIAI.  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


distribution  of  information  respecting  the  ports  of  the  United  States 
and  of  the  world,  and  the  survey  and  development  of  the  port  fa¬ 
cilities  of  the  United  States. 

Recruiting  service — for  recruiting  and  training  officers  and  men 
for  the  merchant  marine  service. 

Committee  on  assignment  of  vessels. 

Ship  protection  committee — ^which  passed  on  all  protection  de¬ 
vices  for  merchant  vessels. 

Ocean  advisory  committee — for  the  appraisal  of  requisitioned 
and  lost  vessels  in  order  that  just  compensation  might  be  made  for 
them. 

Division  of  regulation — for  hearing  complaints  respecting  rates 
and  practices  of  common  carriers  by  water. 


Emergency  Feeet  Corporation 

Ship  construction  division — for  the  administration  of  ship  con¬ 
tracts,  the  inspection  of  ship  construction,  and  for  general  technical 
and  engineering  service. 

Shipyards  plant  division — for  the  supervision  of  construction  and 
maintenance  of  shipyard  plants,  drydocks,  industrial  plants,  storage 
yards,  etc. 

Passenger  transportation  and  housing  division — for  the  super¬ 
vision  of  the  development  of  housing  and  transportation  for  ship¬ 
yard  labor  and  other  employees. 

Supply  division — for  the  purchase  of  ship  materials  and  parts. 

Special  staff — dealing  with  contracts,  cancellations,  claims,  sal¬ 
vage,  and  industrial  relations. 

Division  of  operation — the  operation  and  management  of  vessels 
directly  and  through  private  operators,  including  matters  of  con¬ 
struction  and  repair,  commercial  and  foreign  relations,  personnel, 
employment,  rates  and  claims,  contracts,  ship  intelligence,  alloca¬ 
tions,  etc.  Under  this  was  a  field  organization  in  districts  as  follows : 
New  England,  North  Atlantic,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  South  At¬ 
lantic,  Gulf,  Great  Lakes,  Pacific  Coast. 


UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD  283 

Publications 

The  majority  of  the  publications  of  the  Shipping  Board  and  of 
the  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation  were  educational,  technical,  or 
inspirational.  There  were,  however,  a  large  number  which  are  of 
great  value  for  the  purposes  of  this  survey,  the  more  useful  of 
which  are  listed  below.  The  library  of  the  Shipping  Board  has  a  col¬ 
lection  of  all  the  publications. 

First  Annual  Report  of  the  United  States  Shipping  Board  (Decem¬ 
ber  1, 1917,  36  pages). 

Second  Annual  Report  of  the  United  States  Shipping  Board  (Decem¬ 
ber  1,  1918,  212  pages).  Contains  summary  of  legislation,  detailed  ac¬ 
count  of  organization,  tables  showing  summary  and  classification  of 
vessels  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  board,  etc. 

Third  Annual  Report  of  the  United  States  Shipping  Board  (June  30, 
1919,  213  pages).  Contains  statistical  tables  showing  changes  in  United 
States  sea-going  merchant  marine  during  the  World  War,  acquisitions, 
losses,  etc. 

Fourth  Annual  Report  of  the  United  States  Shipping  Board  (June 
30,  1920,  295  pages).  Statistical  tables,  charts,  etc.;  chart  showing 
gross  tonnage  of  United  States  merchant  marine,  from  April,  1917,  to 
June,  1921. 

Operations  of  the  United  States  Shipping  Board  and  United  States 
Shipping  Board  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation  from  September  7,  1916, 
to  January  1, 1921,  by  Joseph  N.  Teal  (mimeographed,  February,  1921, 
29  pages). 

Report  of  Director  General  Charles  Piez  to  the  Board  of  Trustees  of 
the  United  States  Shipping  Board  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation  (April 
30,  1919,  220  pages).  Contains  programs  and  statistics  with  regard  to 
construction. 

Report  of  E.  N.  Hurley,  President  of  the  U.S.  Shipping  Board  Emer¬ 
gency  Fleet  Corporation  to  the  Board  of  Trustees  (August  1,  1919,  84 
pages).  Tells  of  construction  and  operating  activities  and  offers  a  plan 
for  future  governmental  policy  regarding  the  merchant  marine. 

Report  of  Port  and  Harbor  Facilities  Commission  of  the  United  States 
Shipping  Board  (January  11, 1919,  86  pages).  A  survey  of  the  capacity 
of  such  ports  as  were  adequately  provided  with  inland  rail  facilities  to 
handle  the  requisite  amount  of  shipping. 

Report  of  the  Committee  on  Classification  and  Rating  of  Vessels 
(mimeographed,  1919,  45  pages).  Contains  information  for  protection 
against  fraud  in  the  construction  of  vessels. 


284 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Register  of  Ships  owned  hy  the  United  States  Shipping  Board  (Feb¬ 
ruary,  1919,  96  pages;  2nd  ed.,  April,  1919,  121  pages;  3rd  ed.,  July, 

1919,  131  pages;  4th  ed.,  January,  1920,  135  pages;  5th  ed.,  August, 

1920,  137  pages).  Compiled  by  the  Department  of  Shipping  Informa¬ 
tion,  Division  of  Operations. 

Trade  and  Shipping  between  the  United  States  and  the  Principal  Re¬ 
gions  of  the  World  in  1914-  a,nd  1918  (1919-1920,  6  parts).  These  are 
published  as  numbered  reports  of  the  Division  of  Planning  and  Statis¬ 
tics.  They  show  imports  and  exports  in  long  tons  and  their  shipping  re¬ 
quirements  in  deadweight  tons,  and  contain  estimates  of  the  probable 
cargo  movement  in  1919.  The  regions  included  are  East  Asian,  South 
American,  Middle  American,  Australasian,  British  Indian  and  East 
Indian,  and  West  African. 

Report  of  United  States  Shipping  Board  on  vessels  trading  with  the 
United  States  .  .  .  These  reports  were  prepared  by  the  Division  of 
Planning  and  Statistics  and  were  issued  monthly  from  November,  1918, 
to  January,  1919.  They  contain  tables  of  employment  of  vessels,  their 
turn-around,  space  and  weight  employment,  etc. 

Control  and  Employment  of  Vessels  Trading  with  the  United  States. 
Six  reports  of  the  Division  of  Planning  and  Statistics,  issued  monthly, 
March  1-August  1,  1919.  They  contain  tables  relating  to  vessels  of  500 
gross  tons  and  over  and  also  show  status  of  the  construction  program  of 
the  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation. 

Bulletins  of  the  Department  of  Shipping  Information,  Division  of 
Operations.  These  were  printed  periodically  and  circulated  confiden¬ 
tially,  in  the  following  series : 

“Ships  in  Port/’  showing  arrival  and  clearance  at  American  ports  of  ships 
in  foreign  trade. 

“Exact  Location  of  all  Ships  in  which  the  Shipping  Board  is  Interested.’’ 

“Assignment  Chart,”  showing  distribution  of  ships  in  various  trades. 

“Expected  Deliveries  of  Steel  and  Wood  Steamships.” 

“List  of  American  Ships  under  requisition  to  the  United  States  Shipping 
Board.” 

“Foreign  Ships  under  Charter  to  the  Shipping  Board.” 

“Charters  approved  by  the  Chartering  Committee  of  the  United  States 
Shipping  Board.” 

“Deliveries  of  Steel  Seagoing  Steamships  from  Great  Lakes  Yards.” 

“List  shovdng  Ships  removed  from  Owner’s  Service  or  assigned  to  Operat¬ 
ing  Companies.” 

Steamship  Fuel  Stations  in  Foreign  Countries  and  N on-Contiguous 
United  States  Territories,  compiled  under  the  direction  of  W.  0. 


UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD 


285 


Scroggs  (2nd  ed.,  revised,  September  1,  1919,  49  pages).  This  is  a 
publication  of  the  Division  of  Planning  and  Statistics ;  the  first  edi¬ 
tion  was  issued  May  1, 1919. 

Terminal  Charges  at  United  States  Ports.  Report  prepared  under  di¬ 
rection  of  C.  O.  Ruggles  (February,  1919,  181  pages). 

Ocean  Rates  and  Terminal  Charges,  by  Emory  R.  Johnson  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  84  pages).  Report  of  an  investigation  made  by  the  Divi¬ 
sion  of  Planning  and  Statistics,  in  1918;  includes  Requisition  rates. 
Ocean  charter  and  freight  rates.  Terminal  services  and  charges.  Costs 
and  rates.  Rate  making  and  rate  control  by  the  Shipping  Board,  Rate 
regulation  by  the  Shipping  Board. 

Discussion  of  conditions  affectmg  ship  production,  with  estimates  of 
ship  deliveries,  steel  and  wood,  AprU-December,  1918,  by  S.  M.  Evans 
(Washington,  1919,  52  pages). 

Report  of  Conference  held  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  on  May  19,  1919, 
between  Shipbuilders  from  Great  Lakes,  Atlantic  and  Gulf  Coast  Dis¬ 
tricts  and  United  States  Shipping  Board  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation 
(Washington,  1919,  “confidential,”  78  pages).  Stenographic  report  of 
conference  the  purpose  of  which  was  “to  discuss  with  the  shipbuilders 
in  what  way  the  cost  of  ships  (contracted  for),  where  the  keels  have 
not  yet  been  laid  down,  may  be  reduced  in  order  to  justify  the  board 
in  asking  Congress  to  appropriate  the  necessary  money  to  complete 
these  contracts.” 

Report  of  Conference  held  in  W ashington,  D.  C.,  on  May  22,  23, 
1919,  between  the  United  States  Shipping  Board  Emergency  Fleet  Cor¬ 
poration  and  Representatives  of  Shipowners,  Manufacturers,  Bankers, 
and  Farmers  Association  (Washington,  1919,  “confidential,”  143 
pages).  Stenographic  report  of  discussion  on  best  methods  of  promot¬ 
ing  the  American  merchant  marine. 

History  of  the  Shipbuilding  Labor  Adjustment  Board,  1917  to  1919, 
by  WiUard  E.  Hotchkiss  and  Henry  R.  Seager  (Bulletin  of  U.S.  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Labor  Statistics,  No.  283,  1921,  107  pages).  This  board  was 
not  an  organic  part  of  the  Shipping  Board,  but  included  a  representa¬ 
tive  of  that  body.  Its  jurisdiction  extended  to  disputes  “concerning 
wages,  hours,  or  conditions  of  labor  in  the  construction  or  repair  of 
shipbuilding  plants  or  of  ships  in  shipyards  under  the  United  States 
Shipping  Board  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation,  or  under  said  Shipping 
Board,  or  under  contract  with  said  corporation  or  with  said  board.”  It 
extended  also  to  disputes  in  connection  with  work  for  the  Navy  Depart¬ 
ment  in  private  shipyards. 

Codification  of  the  Shipbuilding  Labor  Adjustment  Board  Awards, 


286  OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

Decisions,  and  Authorizations,  compiled  by  J.  Caldwell  Jenkins  (1921, 
341  pages). 

Decision  as  to  Wages,  Hours,  and  other  Conditions  in  Atlantic  Coast, 
Gulf,  and  Great  Lakes  Shipyards  (October  1,  1918,  27  pages).  By  the 
Shipbuilding  Labor  Adjustment  Board. 

Decisions  as  to  Wages,  Hours,  and  other  Conditions  m  Pacific  Coast 
Shipyards  (October  1,  1918).  By  the  Shipbuilding  Labor  Adjustment 
Board. 

National  Adjustment  Commission,  Chairman's  Report  for  the  Period 
ending  December  31,  1918  (Washington,  1919,  174  pages).  Mediation 
and  decisions  in  disputes  involving  wages,  and  hours  and  conditions  of 
labor  of  longshoremen.  Report  contains  Rules  of  procedure,  and  Report 
of  awards  rendered. 

Marine  and  Dock  Labor,  Work,  Wages,  and  Industrial  Relations 
during  the  Period  of  the  War.  Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Marine 
and  Dock  Industrial  Relation's  Division,  United  States  Shipping  Board, 
December  31,  1918.  By  Robert  P.  Bass,  prepared  by  Horace  B.  Drury 
(Washington,  1919,  203  pages). 

Report  of  Shipyard  Employment  Managers'  Conference  (1918,  62 
pages).  Held  under  the  auspices  of  the  Industrial  Service  Department, 
Division  of  Construction,  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation,  in  Washing¬ 
ton,  D.  C.,  November  9,  10,  1917. 

Traming  of  Shipyard  Workers  (1919,  88  pages).  Report  on  the  work 
of  the  Education  and  Training  Section,  Industrial  Relations  Division, 
Emergency  Fleet  Corporation.  Tells  of  the  plan  and  scope  of  training 
and  contains  statistical  tables  exhibiting  costs  and  results. 

Report  of  Neze>  England  Shipbuilding  Conference  (1917,  52  pages). 
Held  at  Boston,  October  1,  1917,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Industrial 
Service  Department,  Division  of  Construction,  Emergency  Fleet  Cor¬ 
poration.  Discussion  of  problems  of  wages,  distribution  of  talent,  shop 
instruction,  etc. 

Joint  Shipping  Industrial  Conference  held  in  Washington,  June  4-5, 
1919  (1919,  133  pages).  Discussion  of  means  of  adjusting  labor  issues 
and  promoting  the  efficiency  and  industrial  harmony  of  the  merchant 
marine. 

Social  Service  in  the  United  States  Merchant  Marine,  by  Alice  S. 
Howard  (1919, 15  pages).  Report  by  the  chief  of  the  Social  Service  Bu¬ 
reau,  U.S.  Shipping  Board  Recruiting  Service,  on  the  welfare  activities 
of  the  Bureau. 

Emergency  Fleet  News.  A  weekly  newspaper  issued  from  February, 


UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD 


287 


1918,  to  January,  1919,  and  distributed  to  shipyards,  industrial  plants, 
and  office  employees. 

Building  the  Emergency  Fleet,  by  W.  C.  Mattox  (Cleveland,  1920, 
279  pages).  A  historical  narrative  of  the  problems  and  achievements 
of  the  United  States  Shipping  Board  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation  by 
the  former  head  of  the  publications  section  of  the  corporation. 

Records^ 

There  was  at  no  time  a  complete  or  even  an  approximate  centrali¬ 
zation  of  the  records  of  the  Shipping  Board,  although  there  was  a 
“general  file”  in  the  oflSce  of  the  secretary.  It  is  therefore  neces¬ 
sary,  in  the  case  of  many  searches  for  information,  to  go  to  the  divi¬ 
sional  files.  By  a  study  of  some  general  account  of  the  board,  as,  for 
instance,  that  in  the  Second  Annual  Report,  an  understanding  of  the 
functions  of  the  various  divisions  may  be  obtained  and  this  will  serve 
to  indicate  the  particular  place  in  the  board’s  records  where  desired 
information  is  likely  to  be  found. 

OFFICE  OF  THE  SECRETARY 

Minutes.  The  Secretary’s  oflSce  preserved  the  verbatim  reports  of 
the  proceedings  of  the  board  and  the  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation, 
and  has  all  the  minutes  of  the  board  together  with  excellent  indexes 
to  them.  Originals  of  reports  and  various  documents  submitted  to  the 
board  were  kept  by  the  secretary.  Some  of  this  material  is  regarded 
as  confidential. 

Historian’s  files.  Though  no  history  of  the  board  was  contem¬ 
plated,  the  functions  of  the  historian  were  extensive.  The  main 
burden  of  this  oflBce  was  to  maintain  comprehensive  informational 
files  covering  all  phases  of  the  activities  of  the  board  and  to  pre¬ 
pare  the  annual  report  to  Congress.  In  addition,  a  number  of  special 
tasks  were  performed,  such  as  drawing  up  organization  charts,  pre¬ 
paring  material  for  the  Historical  Branch  of  the  General  Staff, 
writing  many  reports  covering  special  phases  of  the  board’s  work, 
preparing  bibliographies,  compiling  the  policies  and  precedents  of 
the  board,  studying  the  participation  of  merchant  ships  in  the  war, 
cooperating  with  the  Historical  Branch  of  the  navy  and  the  Naval 

^  This  report  on  the  records  of  the  Shipping  Board  was  prepared  in  1920 
by  Professor  J.  G.  Randall,  who  was  historian  of  the  Board  in  1918-1919. 


288 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Consulting  Board,  handling  part  of  the  secretary’s  and  chairman’s 
correspondence,  and  writing  articles  from  time  to  time  for  publica¬ 
tion.  The  current  routine  of  the  office  included  the  examination  of 
many  sources  in  the  preparation  of  summaries  for  the  informational 
files.  No  particular  key  to  these  files  is  necessary,  for  everything  is 
topically  classified  and  the  topics  are  arranged  alphabetically. 

Weekly  Reports.  In  the  secretary’s  office  there  may  also  be  found 
a  complete  set  of  weekly  reports  covering  the  activities  of  the  various 
sections  of  the  board  and  of  the  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation,  as¬ 
sembled  and  compiled  by  the  historian.  The  most  inclusive  are  those 
of  the  Division  of  Planning  and  Statistics  and  of  the  Marine  and 
Dock  Industrial  Relations  Division.  Every  part  of  the  board’s  or¬ 
ganization  was  expected  to  present  a  weekly  report. 

General  Files.  As  the  records  of  the  board  were  not  fully  cen¬ 
tralized,  the  “general  files”  contain  only  a  part  of  them;  even  so, 
they  are  of  great  volume,  since  they  include  the  correspondence  of 
the  chairman,  commissioners,  secretary,  and  other  officers  of  the 
board,  reports  submitted  to  the  chairman,  inter-office  memoranda, 
and  similar  material.  There  is  an  arrangement  of  out-going  letters 
by  date  as  well  as  a  topical  classification.  The  more  important  topics 
are  as  follows : 

Transshipments. 

Correspondence  touching  adjustments,  shipments,  collisions,  claims,  dam¬ 
ages,  etc. 

Enemy  interned  ships. 

Newspapers,  publications,  advertisements. 

Shipbuilding  materials. 

Policy  regarding  operation  and  ownership  of  the  American  merchant 
marine. 

Cancellation  of  shipbuilders’  contracts. 

Relations  with  the  Treasury  Department,  State  Department,  War  De¬ 
partment,  etc. 

Relations  with  Great  Britain. 

Exhibition  trip  to  South  America. 

Correspondence  touching  legislation. 

Requisitioned  Dutch  ships. 

Congressional  investigations. 

Charter  hire  and  rates  of  passenger  and  cargo  ships. 

Steamship  companies. 

Shipbuilding  companies. 


UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD 


289 


Passenger  and  freight  service  to  South  America. 

Foreign  agencies  of  the  Board. 

Requisitioning  of  ships. 

Agency  agreements. 

Inspection,  classification,  and  rating  of  vessels. 

Insurance. 

Transfer  of  registry. 

Strikes  and  labor  troubles. 

Liner  service. 

Port  and  harbor  facilities. 

Bunkering. 

Sale  of  ships. 

Appropriations. 

Freight  rates. 

Weekly  reports. 

Correspondence  with  foreign  countries. 

MARINE  AND  DOCK  INDUSTRIAL  RELATIONS  DIVISION 

Files.  The  report  of  this  division  on  its  work  has  been  noted  in  the 
section  on  publications,  above.  Its  files  are  grouped  under  the  follow¬ 
ing  headings : 

A.  Analysis  of  Work:  duties,  methods  of  work,  organization  of  crews,  etc. 

C.  Cost  of  Living. 

D.  Directory:  addresses,  lists  of  people,  time  tables,  etc. 

Df.  Definitions. 

E.  Employment:  demand,  supply,  employment  policies  and  methods,  spe¬ 

cial  problems. 

Ee.  Employees’  Associations. 

Er.  Employers’  Associations. 

G.  Government  Agencies. 

I.  Insurance,  Benefits,  Pensions:  compensation  for  loss  of  effects,  injury, 
and  death. 

L.  Legislation,  Judicial  decisions.  Administrative  acts. 

M.  Miscellaneous. 

R.  Relations — Employers  and  Employees:  conferences,  strikes,  constitu¬ 
tion  of  industry,  policies  and  attitudes  of  labor,  employers,  and 
government. 

T.  Training. 

V.  Vessels  and  their  operation:  tonnage,  trafiic,  charters,  finance,  methods 

of  operation,  etc. 

W.  Wages  and  working  rules:  rules  governing  subsistence,  overtime,  etc. 
We.  Welfare:  health,  sanitation,  living  quarters  and  conditions,  food,  rec¬ 
reation,  effect  of  work  and  occupation  on  worker. 


290 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


DIVISION  OF  PLANNING  AND  STATISTICS 

The  student  of  economic  history  will  find  the  records  of  the  Divi¬ 
sion  of  Planning  and  Statistics  very  useful.  The  large  personnel  of 
the  division  included  many  highly  qualified  research  experts,  and 
their  attention  was  concentrated  upon  vital  problems  of  tonnage 
conservation.  The  origin  and  functions  of  the  division  were  thus  ex¬ 
plained  in  the  Second  Annual  Report  of  the  board  (pp.  74-76). 

In  order  to  act  upon  the  best  scientific  guidance  in  the  conservation  and 
maximum  utilization  of  tonnage  for  essential  war  purposes,  the  Shipping 
Board  on  May  13,  1917,  ordered  that  information  should  be  compiled  as  to 
the  needs  for  tonnage  of  the  various  commodities  coming  into  the  United 
States,  and  that  data  should  be  gathered  showing  the  supplies  of  each  kind 
of  article  available  for  shipment  and  for  use  in  the  United  States,  the  vessels 
engaged  in  such  trades,  and  similar  facts. 

By  the  end  of  1917  it  became  evident  that  considerable  tonnage  must  be 
diverted  from  commercial  to  military  use  and  that  such  as  remained  in  trade 
must  be  utilized  to  maximum  efliciency  for  the  carrying  of  such  commodities 
as  are  most  essential  to  the  Nation  under  war  conditions. 

This  program  required  the  close  cooperation  of  various  governmental 
agencies,  especially  the  War  Trade  Board,  the  Shipping  Board,  the  War 
Industries  Board,  the  War  and  Navy  Departments,  the  Department  of 
State,  the  Treasury  Department,  and  the  Food  Administration.  Since  the 
departments  directly  concerned  were  the  War  Trade  Board,  which  has  au¬ 
thority  by  its  licensing  system  to  prohibit  or  restrict  imports,  and  the 
Shipping  Board,  which  controls  the  tonnage,  a  Division  of  Planning  and 
Statistics  was  established  by  the  Shipping  Board  on  February  11,  1918,  to 
secure  the  necessary  information,  and  the  director  of  this  division  was  made 
a  member  of  the  War  Trade  Board. 

The  duties  of  this  division  are  to  keep  a  record  of  the  movements  and 
characteristics  of  ships  and  to  plan  voyage  schedules  so  that  the  Board  may 
use  all  ships  to  the  limit  of  capacity;  to  obtain  from  available  figures  and 
through  the  advice  of  experts  and  business  men,  knowledge  of  the  com¬ 
modities  imported,  their  essential  uses,  substitutes,  possible  sources  of  sup¬ 
ply,  and  their  relation  to  the  prosperity  of  this  and  other  nations,  so  that 
the  ships  left  in  commercial  service  after  the  Army  needs  are  satisfied  might 
be  assigned  by  the  Board  to  the  most  essential  trade  routes.  The  services  of 
statistical  experts  were  engaged  for  the  Board  as  well  as  experts  familiar 
with  commodities,  sources  of  supply,  trade  routes,  and  shipping. 

The  statistics  compiled  on  ships  and  their  movement  cover  a  wide  variety 
of  facts.  The  division  has  on  file  special  information  derived  from  the  sources 
concerning  the  number  and  types  of  vessels,  their  age,  draft,  size,  cargo 
capacity,  speed,  motive  power,  material  of  construction,  number  of  decks. 


UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD 


291 


holds,  hatches,  fuel  consumption,  etc.  Records  are  kept  of  the  daily  move¬ 
ments  of  ships  in  all  parts  of  the  world,  of  the  dates  and  ports  of  entry 
and  departure,  and  the  tonnage  employed  in  the  different  trade  regions. 
Charts  and  diagrams  are  prepared  to  show  the  assignment  of  vessels  to 
given  trades,  the  length  of  voyages  and  stays  in  port,  the  performance  of 
vessels  engaged  in  carrying  specified  commodities,  etc. 

Files.  The  above  account  will  serve  to  indicate  the  general  charac¬ 
ter  of  the  records  of  the  division,  but  because  of  their  importance,  and 
also  in  order  to  illustrate  the  methods  of  filing  in  use  for  the  records 
of  many  of  the  war  administrations  a  considerable  section  is  here  re¬ 
produced  from  the  “Subject  Classification”  of  the  division  files. 

030  Organizations  of  interest  to  Shipping  Board 
031  History 

032  Aircraft  production  and  training 
033  National  Shipping  Associations 
036  Lists  of  data  available  in  other  organizations 
037  Railway  transportation 
.1  Tunnels 
.2  Car  ferry 
.3  Electric  railways 
038  Army  organization 

.1  Requirements — discussion  on 
040  Education 

044  Education  for  foreign  trade 
045  Training  for  shipping  service 

.4  Shipping  Board  merchant  marine 
060  Statistical  Abstracts 
080  War  Service  Agencies 

.1  Executive  orders  creating  and  specifying  authority 
.2  Optical  industries 
081  War  Trade  Board 

.01  Censorship  notes. 

.02  Personnel 

.03  Activities  reports 

.031  Research  Bureau 
.037  Tabulation  and  Statistics  Bureau 
.04  General  instructions 
.05  Journal 
.06  Data  in  files 

.061  Research  Bureau 

.1  Minutes  (not  analytical  excerpts;  these  are  filed  by  sub¬ 
ject) 

.19  Correspondence 


292 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


.2  Confidential  digest  of  news  for  Chairman 
.25  Daily  digest  of  news  and  comment 
.3  Cablegram  section,  methods  and  developments 
.4  Foreign  representation 

.42  News  letter  (Confidential) 

.5  Organization 

.56  Bureau  of  Research 
.57  Tabulation  and  Statistics  Bureau 
.6  Cooperation  in  work  of  other  boards 
.61  Division  of  information 
.8  Current  news  of  war  boards 
082  Review  of  war  service  agencies 
083  War  News 

.1  Munitions  and  offensive  devices 
.12  Tanks 
.13  Gas 

.131  Gas  defense 
.2  Submarines 

.25  Submarine  destroyers,  etc. 

.3  Pay  of  army 
.4  Custody  of  prisoners 
.5  German  and  pro-German  press 
.6  War  indemnities 

.7  Economic  condition  of  warring  countries 

.76  Political  situation  of  warring  countries 
.8  Labor  and  the  war 
.9  Reconstruction 
084  A.M.T.C.  Material 
087  War  Labor  Policies  Board 
088  After-the-War  Plans 

.1  Peace  Conference 
.2  Shipping  plans 
.3  France 

.4  Great  Britain’s  industrial  plans 
.5  German  industrial  plans 

.52  German  shipping  plans 
.54  German  merchant  marine 
.6  Industries 

089  War  Industries  Board 
.  1  Personnel 

.3  Commodity  organization 
.5  Charts  of  organization 
.7  Statistical  Division 

.71  Weekly  staff  conferences 
.72  Activities  reports 


UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD 


293 


.9  Conservation  Division 
.91  Monthly  reports 
.92  Minutes  of  division  meetings 
095  Reports  of  Shipping  Board 

.01  Surveys,  comparisons  with  other  organizations,  etc. 
.1  Ship  construction 
.2  Chartering  committees 
.3  Division  of  operations 

.4  Legal  information  on  and  by  Shipping  Board 
.41  Creation  of  Shipping  Board 
.6  Industrial  service 
.9  Allied  plans — other  than  A.M.T.C. 

097  Intra-Shipping  Board  organizations 
098  Publicity  of  Shipping  Board 
.1  Press  release 
.2  Convention  speeches,  etc. 

.6  Posters 

.9  Correspondence,  suggestions,  etc. 

099  Information  on  Division  of  Planning  and  Statistics 
.2  Tonnage  inventory 

.25  Material  in  files 
.3  Weekly  reports 
.5  Charts  of  organizations,  etc. 

.51  Library  organization 
.6  Bibliographies — data  in  files,  lists,  etc. 

100  Personnel 


200  Ships  and  Shipping 

201  Marine  dictionaries 

.5  Navy  magazines 

202  Registers  and  rating  schemes  for  vessels 

.8  Newspaper  clippings  and  copy  registering  vessels 

204  Shipping  efficiency 

.9  Correspondence 

205  Lists  of  vessels  awarded  official  numbers  {e.g.  Weekly  List  of 
Navigation  Bureau) 

.5  Tables  showing  tonnage  of  these  vessels 
.9  Correspondence 

206  Losses  of  U.S. 

.1  Enemy  action 
.2  Marine  risk 
.3  Abandonment 
.4  Sales 

.49  Correspondence 


294  OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


.6  Reconveyance  to  former  owners 
.61  Requisitioned  vessels 
.7  Tonnage  balance  between  losses  and  gains 
.9  Correspondence 

207  Commissioner  of  Bureau  of  Navigation  reports  (Commerce  De¬ 
partment) 

.5  Steamboat  inspection  service 
.61  Pilot  rules 

208  Standards  of  suitability  and  suitability  tables 

.1  Troop  transports 

.11  Tonnage  for  A.E.F. 

.2  Cargo  transports 
.21  War  zone 

.22  Ocean  service  outside  war  zone 
.23  Coastwise  service  only 
.3  Tanker  transports 
.4  Refrigerating  ships 
.6  Sailing  vessels 
.6  Steamers 

.64  Trade  regions 
.7  Barges 

.9  Correspondence  re  suitability 

209  General  correspondence  on  shipping 

210  Lists  of  completed  and  accepted  vessels  (both  requisitioned  and 
contract  wood  and  steel  vessels) 

.6  Licenses  and  applications  for  licenses  for  vessels 
.9  Correspondence 

211  Lists  of  completed  and  accepted  steel  vessels  (both  requisitioned 
and  contract) 

.5  Schedules  for  completion  of  steel  vessels 
.9  Correspondence 

212  Lists  of  completed  and  accepted  wood  vessels  (composite  and 
concrete,  inch) 

216  Ship  movements 

.1  U.S.  to -  (alph.  by  destination) 

.11  Vessels  clearing  foreign 
.2  Reports  on  vessels  entering  foreign 
.4  Assignments 
.6  Position  of  vessels 
.6  Delays  and  causes  for  delays 

216  Pilot  and  sailing  directions 

217  Steamship  companies 

218  Steamship  lines 

.1  Passenger  trade 

219  Mail — Schedule  of  ships  carrying  mail 


UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD 


295 


220  Tonnage 

.1  Tonnage  owned  by  U.S.S.B. 

.3  Measurements  of  vessels 
.33  For  Panama  Canal 
.5  Conferences  of  tonnage  staff 
.7  Ballast 

.71-  Minerals  as  ballast 
.8  Conservation  of  shipping  and  tonnage 
.9  Correspondence 

221  Space  requirements  of  merchandise:  stowage 

.6  Packing  methods 
.8  Dunnage 

222  Government  assurances 

.1  Wheat 

.5  Hides,  leather,  skins,  fur  skins,  etc. 

223  Cargo  reports  (General) 

.1  Additions  to  and  revision  of  commodities  for  which  reports 
are  required 

.2  Cargo  reports,  special  forms  for 
.28  Owner  forms 

.3  Periodical  tables  from  cargo  reports 
.4  Outgoing 

.41  Special  reports  on  the  basis  of  cargo  reports  in  which 
vessel  is  not  named 

.42  Special  reports  on  the  basis  of  cargo  reports  in  which 
vessel  is  named 

.5  Reports  on  commodities  made  up  from  cargo  reports 
.6  Cablegrams  on  cargoes  of  designated  commodities 
.61  Ships  sailing  (in  ballast) 

.67  Ship  movement  cablegrams  (no  cargo  mentioned) 

.69  Correspondence  re  cabling 

224  Estimated  requirements  and  studies  on  requirements  of  tonnage 

.1  Tonnage  savings,  tables,  etc. 

.5  Trans-Pacific  tonnage  requirements,  estimates,  etc. 

225  Tonnage  of  individual  vessels  (alphabetical  by  vessel) 

226  Bunkering  priorities  and  requirements 

.5  Requirements  of  fuel  for  bunkering 
.9  Correspondence 

227  Lighterage 

.8  Newspaper  clippings 
.9  Correspondence 

229  Special  kinds  of  merchant  ships  (tonnage) 

.1  Tankers 

.19  Correspondence  on  tankers 


296 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


.2  Sailing  and  steamships 
.21  Sailing  tankers 
.22  Steamships 

230  Vessel  control 

.1  Assignments  to  army 
.2  Assignments  to  other  nations  (alph.) 

.3  Assignments  to  navy 
.4  Assignments  to  relief 

231  Transports  for  troops  and  supplies 

.1  Needs  for  (Press  and  articles) 

.8  Cablegrams  on  tonnage  required 

232  Blockades  and  internment  and  seizure 

233  Transfers  to  and  from  U.S.  flag 

234  General  ship  control  of  S.B. 

.6  Caribbean  committee — vessel  control 

.7  Tonnage  inventory  section — reports  on  vessels  controlled 
by  S.B. 

.9  Correspondence 

235  Vessels  chartered  to  special  individuals  (not  necessarily  by  War 
Department) 

.1  Lists  of  charterers 
.2  Approvals  and  disapprovals 
.3  Alphabetical  file  of  charters  by  vessels 
.4  Charter  form  by  name  of  firm 
.41  Charter  parties 
.5  Chartered  to  S.B. 

.6  Agreements  between  S.B.  and  companies  chartering  re  car¬ 
goes,  etc. 

.8  Charter  agreements  with  other  nations 
.83  War  risk  insurance 

236  Tonnage  exchange 

.6  Rates  by  land 

237  Sale 

238  Rates  for  transportation 

.1  By  water 

.2  Insurance  against  marine  risk 

.5  Agency  fees 

.6  Rates  by  land  (freight) 

240  Tonnage  requirements  specifications 

.2  Shipping  Board,  P.  and  S.  Division 
.9  Correspondence 

241  Tonnage  requirements  for  U.S.  imports  from — 

.6  Allocation  of  shipping  for  this  need 
.69  Correspondence 


UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD 


297 


242  Tonnage  requirements  by  localities 

.3  Distribution  of  tonnage  by  ports 

.6  Allocation  of  shipping  for  other  countries’  needs 

.9  Correspondence 

243  Studies  of  tonnage  required  in  parallel  or  comparative  routings 

260  Acquisitions 

.1  Surveys,  estimates,  etc.,  of  potentially  available  tonnage 

261  Construction  and  delivery 

.04  E.F.C.  Summary  of  employment  in  shipyards 
.041  Steel 

.042  Wood  composite  and  concrete 
.0422  Concrete  alone 
.043  Fabricated 
.1  Steel 

.2  Wood,  composite  and  concrete 
.3  Machinery 

.31  Turbine 
.36  Engines 

.38  Trade  catalogs  of  shipbuilding  machinery 
.4  Contractors 
.6  Delivery  estimates 
.61  Steel 

.611  E.F.C.  lists,  alphabetically  by  yards  for  spe¬ 
cial  yards 

.62  Wood 
.6  Launching 

.61  E.F.C.  lists 
.7  Reconveyance 
.8  Clippings 

.9  Yards  and  plants  for  shipbuilding 
.901  Shipbuilding  policy 
.903  Warehouses 

.906  Smaller  shipyards:  building  of  lighters,  tugs,  barge 
hulls,  trawlers,  etc. 

.92  Labor  in  shipyards 
.96  Ways  and  berths 
.961  Steel  ships 
.962  Wood  ships 

262  Steel  vessels  building,  contracts 

263  Requisitioned  vessels 

.1  Steel 

.2  Wood,  composite,  etc. 

.7  Reconveyance 

.8  Of  foreign  vessels  (alphabeted  by  country) 


298 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


264 

265 

256 

257 

258 


269 

260 


261 

262 

263 


264 


Charter  (Building  contracts  for  chartered  vessels) 

.8  Foreign  vessels 
Commandeering 

.5  Auxiliary,  coastwise  and  smaller  vessels  commandeered 
Repairs 

Purchase  of  ships 
.8  Foreign  vessels 
.86  Japan 

Negotiations  and  contracts  with  foreign  countries  for  shipbuild¬ 
ing,  American  account 

.6  Japanese  shipbuilding  contracts 

.62  Shipbuilding  material  for  Japan 
.7  Chinese  shipbuilding  contracts 
Disposition 

Ports  and  port  facilities 
.1  United  States 

.13  Southern  (surveys,  etc.) 

.131  Working  papers 

.2  Far  East 

.21  Japan 
.24  Persia 
.3  Mediterranean 
.4  French 
.6  British 
.6  South  America 

.7  Statistics  of  trade  of  certain  ports  and  general  descriptions 
.71  Carloads  of  traific  at 
.8  Africa 

Port  designation  for  import  licenses 

.3  Official  numbers  assigned  to  ports  by  W.T.B. 

Tables  of  distances  to  ports  and  from  ports 
Study  of  port  receipts  (F.  H.  Dixon  collection) 

.1  Goods  in  customs  storehouses 

.2  Examination  and  search  of  vessels  in  port  for  cargoes,  etc. 

(alphabeted  by  country) 

.3  Goods  in  transit 

.5  Ready  for  export  at  ports  (cumulation  of  freight  waiting 
shipment) 

.6  Import  distribution 

Coal  bunkering,  oil  bunkering  and  repair  stations  (bunkering  fa¬ 
cilities)  speed  and  fuel  of  ships 
.3  Coal  and  coaling  stations 
.313  Southern  ports 
.5  Oil 
.7  Repair 


UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD 


299 


266  Harbors,  docks,  etc. 

266  Canals 

.3  Panama 

.31  Tolls 
A  England 

267  Port  Code 

270  Requisitioned  vessels 
.02  Wood 

.1  Program  of  S.B.  as  to  requisitions 
.2  Rates  on  requisitioned  vessels 
.22  Wood 

272  Steel  requisitioned  vessels 

273  Wood  requisitioned  vessels 

280  Foreign  vessels 

.08  Interpretation  and  definitions  as  to  the  nationality  of  ves¬ 
sels 

.1  South  American 
.12  Brazil 
.2  France 
.3  Denmark 
.4  Great  Britain 

.44  Great  Britain,  merchant  marine 

.445  Shipping  of  Great  Britain’s  merchant  marine 
.5  Germany 

.54  German  merchant  marine 
.6  Japan 

.64  Japanese  merchant  marine 
.7  Greece 

.74  Greek  merchant  marine 
.8  Norway 

.84  Norwegian  merchant  marine 

.845  Shipbuilding  of  merchant  marine 
.9  Correspondence  re  ship  information 

281  Applications  for  licenses 
283  Chartered  to  America 

285  Allied  and  neutral 

286  Losses  of  foreign  vessels 

.3  Danish 
.4  Great  Britain 
.6  Germany 
.6  Japanese 
.8  Norwegian 

290  Shipping  inquiries  on  special  companies 

291  Inquiries  on  special  vessels 

292  Earnings 


300 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


294  Inquiries  re  shipping  facilities  between  U.S,  and — 

.6  South  Africa 

295  Inquiries  re  shipping  facilities  to  and  from  certain  ports  and 
countries 

297  Inquiries  on  vessel  acquisitions  from  special  sources  {e.g..  State 
of  Washington) 

300  Commodities 

301  Exports  (Lists  of,  on  different  commodities;  Specific  commodity 
goes  with  the  subject) 

.4  Initial  file  (alphabeted  by  commodity) 

302  Investigative  methods,  questionnaires,  etc. 

.1  Necessary  imports,  estimates,  requirements,  etc. 

.18  Donald  Scott’s  requirements  memoranda  and  notes 
.2  Classifications 

.25  Industries  (and  manufacturers — manufactured  arti¬ 
cles) 

.27  Geographical  classification  for  commodities  studies 
.29  Correspondence 
.4  Minerals 

.41  Committee  on  imports  and  exports 
.5  Conferences  on  commodities 
.59  Correspondence 

.7  Classification  of  countries  for  imports  and  exports 
.9  Correspondence 

303  General  plans  re  work  of  commodity  sections 

304  Stocks  and  productions  census  (alphabeted  by  subject) 

305  Miscellaneous  army  requirements,  supplies,  and  Q.M. 

.3  Rations 
.4  Army  uniforms 

.5  Contracts  for  purchase  of  army  and  navy  supplies 
.52  Advance  payments 
.6  Specifications  on  imported  goods 

306  Miscellaneous  navy  requirements 

307  Commodity  specifications  and  requirements  by  government 
agencies 

.5  Food  Administration  commitments  , 

.59  Correspondence 
.7  Index  plan 

308  Special  commodities  on  other  bases  than  cargo  reports 

309  Control  of  the  commodities 

.2  Control  of  industries 

310  Combined  lists  of  minerals  and  non-minerals  (alphabeted  by 
source) 

.1  Compilations  from  ten-day  reports 


UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD 


301 


.11  Ten-day  report  summaries  covering  imports  of  88 
designated  commodities  by  port  of  entry  (customs 
district),  and  country  of  origin 
.12  Consolidated  monthly  reports  on  idem 
.17  Status  at  the  end  of  each  ten-day  period  as  to  the  im¬ 
port  of  these  designated  commodities  compared  for 
the  schedule  of  1918 

.2  Tables,  Lists  of  vessels  made  up  from  ten-day  reports 
311  Priorities 

.2  Minerals 
.3  Non-minerals 

A  Preferential  list  for  passage  through  canals,  etc. 

.5  Production  and  manufacture.  Priorities  in 
.6  Export  priority  list 
.7  Imports  from — ,  Priorities  on 
.9  Correspondence 

•  •••••• 

380  Current  U.S.  production  literature 
388  Foreign  production 

390  Conservation  recommendations  and  methods 

.2  Minerals 

.25  Coal  and  fuel  in  general 
.4  Foodstuffs 
.46  Meat 
.6  Laws 

391  Delivery  systems 

392  Publishing  business 

393  Reduced  consumption 
400  Foreign  Trade 

401  Report  of  Department  of  Commerce 

402  Steamship  facilities 

403  Commercial  treaties 

404  Disputes  as  to  authority  in  deciding  questions  of  license,  etc. 

407  Navigation  clauses 

410  Exports  and  imports  of  U.S.  and  trade  of  U.S.  with  foreign 
countries 

.06  Foreign  trade  magazine 

.6  Comparison  U.S.  foreign  trade  with  that  of  another  country 
.9  Correspondence 

411  U.S.  Customs  Service 
.2  Collector  of  Customs 

.9  Correspondence  in  general  of  customs  collectors  (alpha- 
beted  by  port) 

Special  agents  series  of  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Com¬ 
merce 


412 


302 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


414  Trade  promotion  with  neutrals 

416  Trading  with  the  enemy  and  enemy  trading  lists 
.3  Violations 

.5  Alien  property  custodian — ship 
.9  General  correspondence 

416  General  trade  restrictions 

.7  General  trade  restrictions — Allocation 

418  American  firms’  branch  offices  in  neutral  countries 
.2  Export  licenses  from  central  office 
.3  Licenses  to  trade  with  the  enemy 

420  Imports  of  U.S. 

.1  Survey  by  commodities 

.15  Mineral  commodities 
.2  Survey  by  trade  regions 
.21  Countries 
.4  Foodstuffs 

.46  Breadstuffs 
.6  Consumption 

.66  Survey  by  commodities 

421  Tariff  on  imports 

423  Import  licenses 

424  Import  of  non-essentials 

425  Required  by  Food  Administration  and  other  deciding  agencies 

.1  Necessary  imports  (alphabeted  by  country  of  source) 

.5  General  list  of  essential  imports;  also  balance  sheet  of 
necessary  imports  and  balance  to  be  lifted 
.51  Non-mineral 
.52  Minerals 
.59  Correspondence 

426  Restricted  imports 

.05  Relaxation  of  import  restrictions 
.1  Foreign  embargo  on  export 
.11  Canada 

.2  Broken  freight  contracts 
.3  Minerals 
.4  Non-minerals 

.49  Correspondence 
.5  Revenue  reductions 
.6  Temporary 
.7  Violations 

.8  Definitions  and  interpretations 
.81  Canada 
.89  Correspondence 

.9  Correspondence  about  work  on  subject 


UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD 


303 


427  Exceptions  to  restrictions  of  necessary  imports  on  these  lists 
(lists  by  commodities) 

429  Maps  showing  imports,  and  keys  to  maps 

.2  Seasonal  variations 

430  Exports  of  U.S. 

.3  By  trade  regions 
.31  By  countries 

.39  Correspondence  in  general  re  exports  by  geographical 
units 

.4  Foodstuffs 

.46  Breadstuffs 

431  Exports  of  U.S.  to  Canada 

432  Shipping  details 

.1  Bill  of  lading 
.3  Congestion 

433  Export  licenses 

.01  Form 

.1  Details  as  to  requirements,  changes,  etc. 

.13  Draft  of  War  Trade  Board  and  War  Industries 
Board 
.2  Declarations 

.4  Shipping  merchandise  to  soldiers  and  sailors  abroad 

434  Exports  of  U.S.A.  to  South  America 

.6  Exports  of  Platte  River  district 

.7  Exports  to  Brazil,  Argentine,  and  Uruguay,  due  on  17th  of 
each  month 

436  Export  restrictions 

.2  Foreign  embargo  on  imports 
.4  Export  conservation  list 

437  Exceptions  to  restrictions  of  imports 

.4  Exports  by  mail 

440  Trade  regions 

.1  Ocean  trade  routes 
.3  Free  zones 
.9  Correspondence 

441  Trade  currents 

442  Turn-arounds 

.9  Correspondence 

450  Trade  balances 

.9  Correspondence  re  balance  of  trade  study 

451  Exchange 

460  Imports  (alone)  of  other  countries  (alphabeted  by  country) 

.3  By  commodities 
.338  Rubber 
.361  Wheat 


304  OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


A  United  Kingdom 
.41  England 

470  Exports  (alone)  of  other  countries  (alphabeted  by  country) 

.2  Far  East 
.3  By  commodities 
.338  Rubber 
.4  United  Kingdom 
.41  England 
.5  Netherlands 
.51  Holland 
.6  Spain 

471  Canada  to  U.S. 

480  Foreign  trade  of  special  countries  (both  imports  and  exports), 
alphabeted  by  locality 

.1  Economic  conditions 

481  Agricultural  prospects  as  bases  of  foreign  trade 

482  Markets 

486  Foreign  control  of  trade  (i.e.,  combined  imports  and  exports) 

.4  British  control  of  trade 

490  Allied  shipping  agreements  to  supply  war  needs 

.1  Program  making  committee  for  allied  imports 
.11  War  Trade  Board  participation 
.3  Munitions  Council 

491  Miscellaneous 

.2  Committee  of  Restrictions  of  Food  Supplies  and  Commerce 
of  the  Enemy 

.29  Correspondence 

492  Agreements  between  Allied  countries  to  supply  minerals 

493  Idem  to  supply  non-mineral  raw  materials 

494  Idem  to  supply  foodstuffs 

.4  Agreements  of  Great  Britain  and  U.S.  to  furnish  foodstuffs 

495  Idem  to  supply  manufactured  goods 

496  Idem  to  supply  agricultural  products 

.2  Agreements  to  furnish  grain 

.26  Agreements  to  furnish  cereals 

497  Idem  to  supply  miscellaneous  chemicals 
500  Banking  and  Finance 

507  Accounting 

.1  Cost  accounting 

508  Credit 

.1  Trade  acceptances 
510  American 

.1  Treasury  Department 
.6  Federal  Reserve  Board 
.8  Revenue 


UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD 


305 


511  Income  Statistics 

618  War  Finance  of  U.S.A. 

.6  Agreements  with  other  countries  (alphabeted  by  countries) 

620  Foreign 

.1  National  Mon.  Commission  reports 

521  Japanese  finance 

.1  Japanese  financial  relations  to  China 

622  Chinese  finance 

523  France’s  finance 

624  Great  Britain’s  finance 
.3  Canada 

525  Germany’s  finance 

.8  German  war  finance 
600  Trade  Arrangements 

610  Domestie  governmental  direction 

611  Price  Control 

.5  Market  reports,  etc. 

.6  Price-fixing  committee 
.7  Price  Section  summaries 
.723  Iron  and  steel 
.725  Coal 

.7287  Non-ferrous  metals 
.7315  Rags 
.734  Lumber 
.738  Rubber 
.75  Price  Section  Charts 
.7530  Paper 
.75  Building  material 
.754  Hides,  skins,  and  leather 
.76  Price  Section  reports 
.76  Textiles  and  fibers 
.77  Chemicals  and  explosives 
.774  Fertilizers 
.9  Correspondence 

612  Minimum  wage  and  wage  control 

620  Railroad  Administration  and  regulations 

650  Agreements  with  foreign  countries 

651  Allied  war  arrangements 

.1  Reciprocity  with  neutrals 
.2  Franco-American  bureaus 
.6  Boycott 

653  German  and  anti-Ally  agreements  and  German  agreements  re 
shipping 

665  Ex-German  vessels 
.2  Safe  conducts 


306 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


.5  German  agreements  with  neutrals 
.9  Correspondence 
700  Statistical  Methods 

702  Conferences 

.1  Staff  conference  of  Planning  and  Statistics  Division 
.3  Reports  of  conference  of  statistical  group  of  War  Indus¬ 
tries  Board,  War  Trade  Board,  and  Shipping  Board 
.5  Conference  to  form  a  cooperative  statistical  bureau 

703  Methods  of  filing  statistical  data 

705  Lists  of  statistical  data  in  files 

706  Cooperative  schemes 

.1  War  Trade  Board;  War  Industries  Board;  Shipping  Board 
.2  Clearing  House  on  Statistics 

A  War  Trade  Board  and  other  organizations,  relating  to 
A.M.T.C.  material 

.7  Census  Bureau  cooperating  with  Shipping  Board 

707  Supplies 

708  Terminology 

710  Criticism  and  discussion  of  methods 

.2  Shipping 
.3  Commodities 
A  Foreign  trade 

.43  Export  studies 
.9  Of  special  organizations 

711  Discussion  of  10-day  data  as  compiled 

713  Graphic  methods  on  shipping  situation 

714  Metric  system  as  applied  to  shipping 

715  Computers’  work 

718  Statistical  work  about  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation  production; 
supplies,  costs,  employment,  etc. 

.9  Correspondence 

719  Inter-departmental  and  outside  memoranda.  Correspondence  of 
statistical  service  section  about  details 

720  Tonnage  inventory.  Shipping  inventory 

.3  Inter-departmental  correspondence  on  how  to  furnish  and 
develop  information ;  methods  of  coding  for  files,  etc. 

.9  Correspondence,  inter-office  memoranda,  etc. 

.91  Reports  of  data  sent  from  Tonnage  Section  to  E.  F. 
Gay’s  office  and  other  agencies 

721  Master  file 

.9  Correspondence  on 
724  Methods  of  tabulation  on  repair  work 
.9  Correspondence  on 

730  Commodity  section 

731  Cargo  reports 


UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD 


307 


732  Original  ten-day  report 

.1  Monthly  reports 

.9  Correspondence  re  above 

733  Methods  of  taking  trade  censuses 

EMERGENCY  FLEET  CORPORATION 

The  Division  of  Operations  was  that  portion  of  the  Emergency 
Fleet  Corporation  which  was  responsible  for  the  operation  of  ships 
under  government  ovmership  or  control.  Its  duties  covered  every 
phase  of  vessel  management,  and  its  vast  daily  business  involved 
relations  with  other  government  departments,  foreign  governments, 
and  many  private  shipping  concerns.  Besides  the  general  oflSce  lo¬ 
cated  in  the  Shipping  Board  building  at  Washington,  there  was  an 
extensive  field  force  of  district  and  local  agents  reaching  into  every 
port.  For  the  period  of  the  war,  the  “General  Files”  {i.e.  the  rec¬ 
ords  contained  in  one  great  filing  office)  are  fairly  complete  for  all 
the  activities  of  the  division.  After  the  war,  on  account  of  the  re¬ 
organization  and  rapid  expansion  of  the  division,  departmental  files 
were  maintained  in  addition  to  the  central  files.  In  January,  1920, 
the  “general  files”  were  abolished  for  future  material,  all  the  rec¬ 
ords  being  thenceforth  kept  by  the  departments  of  the  division,  but 
the  then  existing  general  files  were  kept  intact.  These  voluminous 
records  cover  the  movement  and  history  of  every  vessel  owned,  requi¬ 
sitioned,  or  controlled  by  the  board,  as  well  as  a  vast  amount  of  busi¬ 
ness  touching  the  operating  end  of  the  board’s  activities.  Besides  a 
general  topical  arrangement  of  material,  the  correspondence  is  ar¬ 
ranged  chronologically  and  also  topically,  and  a  special  file  under 
each  particular  ship  is  kept.  Special  mention  should  be  made  of  the 
Department  of  Shipping  Information  of  the  Division  (at  one  time 
called  the  “Department  of  Maritime  Intelligence”)  which  performed 
important  statistical  work.  This  work  did  not  consist  of  research 
bearing  upon  tonnage  problems  such  as  was  conducted  by  the  Divi¬ 
sion  of  Planning  and  Statistics,  but  rather  took  the  form  of  tabula¬ 
tions  of  data  covering  each  particular  ship,  indicating  the  number 
and  type  of  the  ships,  the  assignment  and  allocation  of  vessels,  the 
amount,  season,  and  importance  of  the  commerce  in  which  they  were 
engaged,  and  similar  information. 


308 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


The  following  are  some  of  the  more  important  titles  indicating 
material  to  be  found  in  the  records  of  the  Division  of  Operations: 

Powers,  duties,  and  functions  of  the  Division  of  Operations 

New  York  Managing  Agency 

Shipping  Control  Committee 

Chartering  Committee 

Ship  Protective  Committee 

Foreign  agencies 

Radio  operators  and  apparatus 

Pay  and  bonus  to  crews 

Recruiting  and  education 

Coastwise  trade 

Coastwise  permits 

Port  facilities 

Ships  general  (alphabetically  arranged  according  to  last  name) 

Danish  ships 
Dutch  ships 

French  sailing  vessels  (exchange  with  United  States) 

Neutral  tonnage,  control  of 
Norwegian  ships 

Russian  ships  (Russian  Volunteer  Fleet) 

Scandinavian  sailing  vessels 
Swedish  ships 

German  ships  in  U.S.  ports  and  in  foreign  ports 
Wooden  ships 

Protection  of  ships  (armament  and  armed  guard.  Ship  Protection  Com¬ 
mittee,  Devices  for  protection  against  submarine,  etc.) 

Requisitioning  of  ships 

Sale  of  ships  to  the  Shipping  Board 

Assignments  to  managers  and  operators 

Ship  movements,  general  (statistical  information) 

Ship  supplies  and  equipment,  general 

Coal  (relations  with  Fuel  Administration,  bunkering  contracts,  shortage 
of  coal  handling  devices,  etc.) 

Fuel  oil 

Bunkering  stations 

Marine  insurance 

Labor  and  labor  affairs 

Foreign  governments,  relations  with 

The  Division  of  Construction  was  located  in  Philadelphia  and 
had  charge  of  the  enormous  task  of  emergency  shipbuilding.  The 
organization  of  the  division  was  very  elaborate  and  was  constantly 
changing,  being  greatly  reduced  after  the  war.  Important  statis- 


UNITED  STATES  SHIPPING  BOARD 


309 


tics  regarding  construction  were  received  and  published  by  the  Divi¬ 
sion  of  Planning  and  Statistics  in  Washington.  Besides  ships  and 
shipbuilding  the  records  of  the  division  for  the  war  period  cover 
finance  and  accounting,  supplies,  labor  affairs,  etc.  A  series  of  file 
headings  indicating  their  character  would  fill  a  hundred  pages. 
The  war  time  records  are  for  the  most  part  considered  obsolete  and 
have  been  transferred  to  Washington. 


FEDERAL  BOARD  FOR  VOCATIONAL 
EDUCATION 


Functions 

The  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education  was  created  by  Sec¬ 
tion  6  of  the  Smith-Hughes  act  of  February  23,  1917,  entitled,  “An 
act  to  provide  for  the  promotion  of  vocational  education,  to  provide 
for  cooperation  with  the  States  in  the  promotion  of  such  education 
in  agriculture  and  the  trades  and  industries,  to  provide  for  co¬ 
operation  with  the  States  in  the  preparation  of  teachers  of  voca¬ 
tional  subjects,  and  to  appropriate  money  and  regulate  its  expendi¬ 
ture.”  By  this  act  financial  aid  is  given  to  the  States  in  the  work  of 
vocational  education  and  the  work  is  directed  and  supervised  by  a 
Federal  Board.  The  members  of  the  board  are  the  Secretary  of 
Agriculture,  the  Secretary  of  Commerce,  the  Secretary  of  Labor, 
the  United  States  Commissioner  of  Education,  and  three  citizens 
appointed  by  the  President,  one  of  them  representing  manufactur¬ 
ing  and  commercial  interests,  one  representing  agricultural  inter¬ 
ests,  and  one  representing  labor.  The  directing  function  of  the 
board  is  derived  from  its  obhgation  “to  make,  or  cause  to  have  made 
studies,  investigations,  and  reports,  with  particular  reference  to 
their  use  in  aiding  the  States  in  the  establishment  of  vocational 
schools  and  classes  and  in  giving  instruction  in  agriculture,  trades 
and  industries,  commerce  and  commercial  pursuits,  and  home  eco¬ 
nomics.”  The  supervising  function  is  derived  from  its  authority  to 
approve  or  disapprove  plans  of  state  boards  with  regard  to  kinds 
of  vocational  education,  kinds  of  schools  and  equipment,  courses  of 
study,  methods  of  instruction,  qualifications  of  teachers,  and  plans 
of  training  teachers — an  authority  which  has  its  sanction  in  the 
board’s  obligation  annually  to  “ascertain  whether  the  several  States 
are  using,  or  are  prepared  to  use,  the  money  received  by  them  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of  this  Act.” 

Shortly  after  the  board  was  organized  appeals  were  made  to  it 
by  the  War  Department  and  by  the  United  States  Shipping  Board 
for  assistance  in  training  skilled  workmen,  and  until  the  close  of  the 
war  the  Federal  Board  cooperated  with  state  boards  in  training  men 
for  service  in  the  more  essential  war  industries.  When  the  vocational 


BOARD  FOR  VOCATIONAL  EDUCATION 


311 


rehabilitation  of  disabled  soldiers  and  sailors  became  a  problem  of 
the  board,  the  Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insurance,  and  other  organiza¬ 
tions,  Congress  passed  the  vocational  rehabilitation  act  of  June  27, 
1918,  which  made  it  the  duty  of  the  board  to  furnish  vocational  re¬ 
habilitation  to  every  person  disabled  while  serving  in  the  army  or 
navy.  An  amendment  of  July  11,  1919,  transferred  the  responsi¬ 
bility  for  determining  the  eligibility  of  disabled  men  for  training 
and  for  maintenance  from  the  Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insurance  to 
the  board,  but  when,  by  the  Sweet  act  of  August  9,  1921,  the  Bu¬ 
reau  of  War  Risk  Insurance  was  transformed  into  the  independent 
Veteran’s  Bureau  the  board  was  relieved  of  its  vocational  rehabilita¬ 
tion  work.  In  the  meantime,  by  an  act  of  June  2, 1920,  provision  was 
made  for  vocational  rehabilitation  of  persons  disabled  in  industry, 
the  States  to  bear  one-half  the  expense  of  the  training  and  the  Fed¬ 
eral  Board  to  determine  who  were  entitled  to  it. 

Organization 

The  organization  of  the  board  has  varied  vdth  developments  and 
changing  functions.  In  1920,  while  the  vocational  rehabilitation  of 
disabled  soldiers,  sailors,  and  marines  was  still  one  of  its  functions, 
there  were  at  headquarters  the  members  of  the  board,  a  secretary,  a 
chief  clerk,  an  editor  and  statistician,  and  an  executive  staff,  con¬ 
sisting  of  a  director  and  three  assistant  directors,  each  of  whom  was 
chief  of  a  division.  The  divisions  were:  (1)  the  Vocational  Educa¬ 
tion  Division,  for  the  promotion  of  vocational  education  in  the 
States;  (2)  the  Rehabilitation  Division,  for  vocational  rehabilita¬ 
tion  and  return  to  civil  employment  of  disabled  soldiers,  sailors,  and 
marines;  (3)  the  Industrial  Rehabilitation  Division,  for  the  voca¬ 
tional  rehabilitation  and  return  to  employment  of  persons  disabled 
in  industry  or  otherwise. 

The  Vocational  Education  Division  embraced  four  services:  in¬ 
dustrial  education,  agricultural  education,  home  economics  educa¬ 
tion,  and  commercial  education,  and  for  purposes  of  administration 
and  supervision  the  country  was  divided  into  four  regions:  North 
Atlantic,  Southern,  Central,  and  Pacific. 

The  Vocational  Rehabilitation  Division  embraced  the  central  office 
at  Washington,  fourteen  district  offices,  and  more  than  one  hundred 
local  offices.  In  the  central  office  were  the  assistant  director,  a  chief 


312 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


of  the  training  service,  a  chief  of  the  industrial  relations  service,  a 
chief  medical  oflScer,  a  legal  officer,  a  superintendent  of  allowances, 
a  statistician,  and  an  eligibility  officer.  The  last  of  these  assigned 
eligibility  officers  to  districts  and  was  responsible  for  their  general 
supervision.  Each  district  office  was  administered  by  three  or  more 
assistant  district  vocational  officers  who  were  heads  of  sections:  (1) 
assistant  district  vocational  officer  in  charge  of  training;  (2)  as¬ 
sistant  district  vocational  officer  in  charge  of  industrial  relations  and 
local  offices;  (3)  assistant  district  vocational  officer  in  charge  of  co¬ 
operation.  There  were  also  a  medical  officer  and  his  staff,  an  ehgi- 
bility  officer,  and  an  adjustment  board.  Each  local  office  was  in 
charge  of  a  supervisor  and  one  or  more  assistants,  and  was  respon¬ 
sible  for  the  induction  of  eligibles  into  training,  for  remitting  their 
subsistence  pay,  for  supervision  and  control  of  their  training,  and 
for  securing  employment  for  them. 

Publications 

Animal  Report  of  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education,  1917 
(Washington,  1917,  32  pages).  Training  conscripted  men,  training  men 
for  skilled  labor  in  the  shipyards,  vocational  reeducation  of  disabled 
soldiers  and  sailors,  studies  and  investigations  in  progress,  allotment  of 
funds  to  states. 

Second  Annual  Report  of  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Educa¬ 
tion,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  172  pages).  Summary  of  progress,  war 
problems,  war  training,  vocational  rehabilitation  of  disabled  soldiers  and 
sailors,  home  economics,  statistical  tables. 

Third  Annual  Report  of  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education, 
1919  (Washington,  1919).  Vol  1,  Vocational  Education  (256  pages); 
Vol.  2,  Vocational  Rehabilitation  (56  pages). 

Fourth  Armual  Report  of  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Educa¬ 
tion,  1920  (Washington,  1920,  542  pages).  Section  II,  Vocational  re¬ 
habilitation  and  return  to  civil  employment  of  disabled  soldiers,  sailors, 
and  marines. 

The  Vocational  Summary,  May,  1918-July,  1921.  A  small  monthly 
magazine  published  by  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education  to 
inform  the  public  regarding  its  activities  in  vocational  education,  voca¬ 
tional  rehabilitation  of  disabled  soldiers,  sailors,  and  marines,  and  in¬ 
dustrial  rehabilitation. 

Bulletins.  From  September,  1917,  to  June,  1922,  the  board  published 


BOARD  FOR  VOCATIONAL  EDUCATION 


313 


76  bulletins  containing  chiefly  the  results  of  its  researches.  Special  at¬ 
tention  is  directed  to  the  following: 

1.  Statement  of  Policies  (32  pages;  rev.  ed.,  1922,  98  pages). 

2.  Training  Conscripted  Men  for  Service  as  Radio  and  Buzzer  Operators 
{International  Code)  in  the  United  States  Army  (15  pages). 

3.  Emergency  Training  in  Shipbuilding,  Evening  and  Part-time  Classes 
for  Shipyard  Workers  (71  pages). 

4.  Mechanical  and  Technical  Training  for  Conscripted  Men  {Air  Division, 
U.S.  Signal  Corps)  (47  pages). 

6.  Vocational  Rehabilitation  of  Disabled  Soldiers  and  Sailors.  A  Prelimi¬ 
nary  Study  (112  pages). 

6.  Training  of  Teachers  for  Occupational  Therapy  for  the  Rehabilitation 
of  Disabled  Soldiers  and  Sailors  (76  pages). 

7.  Emergency  War  Training  for  Motor-Truck  Drivers  and  Chauffeurs  (75 
pages). 

8.  Emergency  War  Training  for  Machine-Shop  Occupations,  Blacksmith- 
ing,  Sheet-Metal  Working,  and  Pipe  Fitting  (48  pages). 

9.  Emergency  War  Training  for  Electricians,  Telephone  Repairmen,  Line¬ 
men,  and  Cable  Splicers  (31  pages). 

10.  Emergency  War  Training  for  Gas-Engine,  Motor-Car,  and  Motor-Cy¬ 
cle  Repairmen  (79  pages). 

11.  Emergency  War  Training  for  Oxy-Acetylene  Welders  (86  pages). 

12.  Emergency  War  Training  for  Airplane  Mechanics  (59  pages). 

13.  Agricultural  Education — Organization  and  Administration  (43  pages). 

15.  The  Evolution  of  National  Systems  of  Vocational  Reeducation  for  Dis¬ 
abled  Soldiers  and  Sailors  (319  pages). 

16.  Emergency  War  Training  for  Radio  Mechanics  and  Radio  Operators 
(75  pages). 

17.  Trade  and  Industrial  Education — Organization  and  Administration 
(125  pages). 

18.  Evening  Industrial  Schools  (55  pages). 

19.  Part-Time  Trade  and  Industrial  Education  (52  pages). 

21.  The  Home  Project  as  a  Phase  of  Vocational  Agricultural  Education 
(43  pages). 

25.  Ward  Occupations  in  Hospitals  (58  pages). 

46.  The  Turnover  of  Labor  (60  pages). 


AMERICAN  NATIONAL  RED  CROSS 


Organization 

A  Red  Cross  War  Council  of  seven  members  was  appointed  by  the 
President  May  10,  1917,  and  to  this  body  was  delegated,  by  the 
executive  committee  of  the  American  National  Red  Cross,  full  con¬ 
trol,  management,  and  administration  of  Red  Cross  affairs  con¬ 
nected  with,  or  incident  to,  operations  arising  out  of  the  war.  Its 
chairman  was  the  chief  executive  officer  of  the  Red  Cross  during 
the  period  of  the  war  or  until  the  resignation  of  the  council  March  1, 
1919.  Serving  the  council  in  an  advisory  capacity  were  the  Woman’s 
Advisory  Committee,  the  National  Committee  on  Red  Cross  Medical 
Service,  the  National  Committee  on  Red  Cross  Nursing  Service,  a 
Committee  on  Cooperation,  and  an  Insurance  Advisory  Committee. 

The  headquarters  organization  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  embraced 
ten  departments,  each  with  several  bureaus:  (1)  Department  of 
Military  Relief,  with  bureaus  of  medical,  sanitary,  camp,  construc¬ 
tion,  motor,  and  canteen  service;  (2)  Department  of  Civilian  Re¬ 
lief,  with  bureaus  of  information,  delayed  allowances  and  allot¬ 
ments,  after-care  of  discharged  disabled  soldiers,  training  for  home 
service,  camps  and  camp  sites,  health  resources  for  home  service, 
and  home  service  correspondence;  (3)  Department  of  Nursing,  with 
bureaus  of  enrollment  of  Red  Cross  nurses,  field  nursing  service, 
public  health  nursing,  instruction  and  nurses  aids,  dietitian  service, 
and  nursing  survey;  (4)  Department  of  Development  with  bureaus 
of  chapter  organizations  and  membership  extension,  junior  member¬ 
ship  and  school  activities,  chapter  production,  entertainments  and 
benefits,  conservation,  sales  for  interned  allied  prisoners,  and  special 
campaigns  for  funds  and  membership;  (5)  Department  of  Law 
and  International  Relations,  with  bureaus  of  prisoners’  relief,  com¬ 
munication,  foreign  relations,  insurance,  and  cables;  (6)  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Supplies,  with  bureaus  of  stores,  purchase,  invoices,  and 
transportation;  (7)  Department  of  Publicity,  with  bureaus  of  gen¬ 
eral  publicity  news,  and  literature;  (8)  Department  of  Foreign  Re¬ 
lief,  representing  the  Red  Cross  commissions  to  France,  Italy,  Great 
Britain,  Belgium,  Serbia,  Palestine,  Switzerland,  Roumania,  Greece, 


AAIERICAN  NATIONAL  RED  CROSS 


315 


and  Russia;  (9)  Department  of  Accounts;  (10)  Department  of 
Personnel. 

To  meet  the  growth  of  Red  Cross  activities  within  the  United 
States  the  country  was  divided  into  Red  Cross  Divisions — Atlantic, 
Central,  Gulf,  Lake,  Mountain,  New  England,  Northern,  North¬ 
western,  Pacific,  Pennsylvania,  Potomac,  Southern,  and  Southwest¬ 
ern,  each  of  which  had  an  organization  similar  to  that  at  the  na¬ 
tional  headquarters,  directed  by  a  division  manager  who  received 
general  directions  from  the  general  manager  at  Washington.  A 
fourteenth  division  had  charge  of  activities  in  the  territorial  and 
insular  possessions  and  in  foreign  countries  not  within  the  theaters 
of  war.  Within  each  division  was  a  group  of  chapters  which,  under 
the  supervision  of  the  division  organization  and  largely  through 
committees,  performed  nearly  all  the  Red  Cross  work  within  the 
United  States.  During  the  period  of  the  war  the  number  of  chapters 
increased  to  a  total  of  3,742. 

Publications 

The  American  National  Red  Cross  Annual  Report,  for  the  year  ended 
June  30,  1918  (1919,  178  pages).  Reorganization  on  a  war  basis  and 
report  of  operations. 

The  Arnerican  National  Red  Cross  Annual  Report  .  .  .  June  30, 1919 
(1919,  303  pages).  Adjustment  of  the  war  program  and  transition  to  a 
peace  program. 

The  American  National  Red  Cross  Annual  Report  .  .  .  June  30, 1920 
(1920,  242  pages).  Reorganization  for  a  peace  program;  problems  of 
adjustment  and  reconstruction. 

Home  Service  and  the  Disabled  Soldier  or  Sailor,  by  the  Director 
General,  Department  of  Civilian  Relief,  American  Red  Cross  (1918, 
106  pages).  Principles  and  program,  treatment,  training,  employment, 
compensation,  public  opinion,  after-care,  medical  problems. 

Handbook  of  Information  for  Home  Service  Sections,  by  the  Director 
General,  Department  of  Civilian  Relief,  American  Red  Cross  (1918, 
114  pages). 

The  Red  Cross  Bulletin  (beginning  March  31,  1917,  5  volumes).  Is¬ 
sued  by  the  Bureau  of  Publications  for  the  dissemination  of  news  to  the 
chapters  and  their  members. 

The  Work  of  the  American  Red  Cross  during  the  War,  a  Statement  of 
Finances  and  Accomplishments  for  the  Period  July  1, 1917,  to  February 
28,  1919  (Washington,  1919,  90  pages).  Summary  of  financial  opera- 


316 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


tions,  membership  and  war  drives,  work  in  the  United  States,  work  in 
France,  work  elsewhere  overseas. 

The  WorTc  of  the  American  Red  Cross;  Report  hy  the  War  Council  of 
appropriations  and  activities  from  outhreaTc  of  war  to  November  1, 
1917  (Washington,  1917,  14!4  pages).  Summary  of  organization  and 
operations  of  all  services  and  details  of  expenditure  of  appropriations. 

The  Work  of  the  American  Red  Cross;  No.  2;  Financial  statement  of 
Red  Cross  War  Fund,  March  1,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  127  pages). 
Details  of  the  various  activities  through  which  the  war  fund  was 
distributed. 

The  Work  of  the  American  Red  Cross;  No.  3;  a  statement  of  its  war¬ 
time  activities  throughout  the  world  (Washington,  December  1, 1918,  67 
pages).  Summary  of  Red  Cross  war  service  from  its  inception  to  the 
armistice. 

The  American  Red  Cross  in  the  Great  War,  by  Henry  P.  Davison, 
Chairman  of  the  War  Council  of  the  American  Red  Cross  (New  York, 
1919,  303  pages).  War  Council,  divisions  and  chapters,  production  of 
chapters,  supplies  and  transportation,  motor  corps  service,  canteen 
workers,  hospital  ships,  home  service,  the  disabled  soldier.  Junior  Red 
Cross. 

Records 

Each  of  the  3742  chapters  of  the  Red  Cross  was  asked  in  1919 
to  prepare  a  history  of  its  war  achievements.  About  2000  chapters 
responded  and  their  histories  range  in  size  from  two  pages  to  a 
book  of  four  hundred  pages.  A  copy  of  each  is  kept  in  the  archives 
at  national  headquarters,  a  second  copy  is  in  the  division  files,  and 
a  third  is  retained  by  the  chapter.  As  the  local  chapters  of  the  Red 
Cross  during  the  war  took  part  in  almost  every  movement  concerned 
with  winning  the  war,  the  chapter  history  is,  to  a  large  extent,  a 
history  of  the  community  during  the  war  period. 

Other  records — chapter,  division,  and  national  headquarters — 
consist  mainly  of  general  correspondence  and  case  correspondence, 
that  is,  letters  about  a  soldier  or  soldier’s  family,  and  regarding  al¬ 
lotments,  allowances,  insurance,  casualties,  the  welfare  of  the  family, 
etc. 


COUNCIL  OF  NATIONAL  DEFENSE 


Functions 

The  Council  of  National  Defense  was  established  as  an  advisory 
body  by  a  clause  in  the  army  appropriations  act  of  August  29, 
1916,  to  coordinate  industries  and  resources  for  the  national  se¬ 
curity  and  welfare,  to  create  relations  which  would  render  possible 
the  immediate  concentration  and  utilization  of  the  resources  of  the 
nation,  or,  more  specifically,  to  direct  investigations  and  make  recom¬ 
mendations  to  the  President  and  the  heads  of  executive  departments 
relative  to  such  matters  as  the  mobilization  of  military  and  naval 
resources,  the  increased  production  of  materials  essential  to  the  sup¬ 
port  of  armies  and  the  maintenance  of  the  civilian  population,  the 
utilization  of  inland  waterways,  the  development  of  sea-going  trans¬ 
portation,  the  coordination  of  military,  industrial,  and  commercial 
requirements,  especially  with  regard  to  transportation;  to  furnish 
data  as  to  amounts,  location,  methods,  and  means  of  production; 
and  to  give  information  to  producers  and  manufacturers  relative  to 
the  classes  and  quantities  of  supplies  needed  by  the  military  and 
other  services  of  the  government.  The  council  was  formally  organized 
in  October,  1916,  but  its  permanent  organization  was  not  effected 
until  March,  1917. 

For  several  months  following  the  entry  of  the  United  States  into 
the  war,  during  the  period  of  transition  from  a  peace  basis  to  a  war 
basis,  the  council  endeavored  to  bring  to  bear  the  intelligence  and 
effort  of  American  industrial  and  professional  life  upon  such  prob¬ 
lems  as  the  following:  (1)  the  development  of  new  sources  of  sup¬ 
ply  of  raw  materials  and  of  finished  products;  (2)  the  coordination 
of  purchases  of  supplies  for  executive  departments  of  the  govern¬ 
ment;  (3)  the  introduction  and  adoption  of  standardized  specifi¬ 
cations  in  the  manufacture  of  munitions;  (4)  the  cooperative  or¬ 
ganization  of  transportation;  (5)  the  formulation  of  an  aircraft 
program;  (6)  the  rendering  of  assistance  to  business  in  meeting  the 
demands  of  war  without  impairing  the  essential  service  of  trade;  (7) 
the  organization  of  the  coal  industry  for  increased  production  and 
more  effective  distribution;  (8)  the  direction  of  the  activities  of  the 
several  States ;  (9)  the  organization  of  the  leaders  of  American  la- 


318 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


bor,  of  representative  employers,  and  of  civic  and  industrial  leaders 
for  the  effective  enlistment  of  the  labor  forces  of  the  country;  (10) 
the  organization  of  the  medical,  engineering,  and  other  professions 
for  war  service;  (II)  the  promotion  of  scientific  research;  (12)  the 
direction  of  the  efforts  of  women. 

Several  of  the  most  important  war  agencies  of  a  later  date  origi¬ 
nated  in  the  council  during  this  early  period,  and  as  they  became  in¬ 
dependent  or  separate  establishments  they  reduced  in  a  notable  way 
the  functions  of  the  council  itself. 

During  the  latter  part  of  the  war  the  principal  activities  of  the 
council  were  the  direction  of  the  state,  county,  and  municipal  coun¬ 
cils  of  defense,  the  direction  of  the  war  activities  of  women,  the 
study  of  reconstruction  problems,  the  promotion  of  a  more  efficient 
use  of  the  highways  for  transportation  purposes,  and  the  considera¬ 
tion  of  general  policies. 

With  the  exception  of  the  Reconstruction  Research  Division  the 
council  practically  ceased  to  function  June  30,  1919.  That  division 
continued  active  until  April  1,  1920,  when  it  was  transformed  into  a 
research  staff.  Although  the  law  by  which  it  was  created  was  not 
repealed  there  was  no  appropriation  for  the  maintenance  of  the 
council  subsequent  to  June  30,  1921. 

Organization 

The  members  of  the  council  were  the  Secretary  of  War,  chairman, 
the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  the  Secre¬ 
tary  of  Agriculture,  the  Secretary  of  Commerce,  and  the  Secretary 
of  Labor.  There  was  an  Advisory  Commission  of  seven  members, 
each  of  whom  was  chosen  for  his  special  knowledge  of  some  indus¬ 
try  or  public  utility,  his  development  of  some  natural  resource,  or 
other  special  qualification.  The  director  of  the  council  was  director 
of  the  Advisory  Commission.  It  was  the  duty  of  the  council  to  pro¬ 
vide  for  the  work  of  the  commission  to  the  end  that  the  commission’s 
special  knowledge  might  be  developed  by  suitable  investigation,  re¬ 
search,  and  inquiry  and  made  available  in  conference  and  report  for 
the  use  of  the  council. 

During  the  period  of  transition  from  a  peace  basis  to  a  war  basis 
both  council  and  commission  organized  a  number  of  boards,  divi¬ 
sions,  sections,  and  committees,  which,  their  duties  and  jurisdictions 


COUNCIL  OF  NATIONAL  DEFENCE 


319 


at  first  only  vaguely  prescribed,  were  the  origins  of  separate  war 
agencies  or  parts  of  such  agencies.  Among  such  were  the  Aircraft 
Production  Board,  Commercial  Economy  Board,  Munitions  Stand¬ 
ards  Board,  General  Munitions  Board,  War  Industries  Board,  Sta¬ 
tistics  Division,  Stored  Materials  Division,  Industrial  Inventory 
Section,  Industrial  Service  Section,  Inland  Traffic  Section,  Auto¬ 
motive  Transport  Committee,  Cooperative  Committee  on  Cars,  In¬ 
terdepartmental  Committee,  Committee  on  Coal  Production,  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Emergency  Construction,  Committee  on  Engineering  and 
Education,  Committee  on  Housing,  Conunittee  on  Inland  Water 
Transportation,  Committee  on  Raw  Materials,  Minerals,  and 
Metals,  Committee  on  Shipping,  Committee  on  Storage  Facilities, 
Committee  on  Supplies,  Committee  on  Telegraphs  and  Telephones, 
and  Committee  on  Transportation  and  Communication. 

The  more  permanent  divisions  of  the  Council  were:  the  State 
Councils  Section,  the  Woman’s  Committee,  the  Field  Division,  the 
Committee  on  Labor,  the  Medical  Section,  the  Highways  Trans¬ 
port  Committee,  the  Department  of  Science  and  Research,  and  the 
Reconstruction  Research  Division. 

State  Councils  Section.  A  council  of  defense  was  created  in  every 
State  in  the  Union  either  by  appointment  by  the  governor  or  by  act 
of  the  legislature.  In  most  instances  this  was  done  at  the  suggestion 
of  the  Council  of  National  Defense,  and  the  State  Councils  Section 
was  created  to  ( 1 )  guide  the  growth  and  work  of  the  state  councils ; 

(2)  afford  to  each  of  them  the  benefit  of  the  experience  of  the  others ; 

(3)  act  as  the  communicating  agency  to  bring  the  Council  of  Na¬ 
tional  Defense  and  the  other  federal  departments  and  war  adminis¬ 
trations  in  touch  with  the  state  councils;  and  (4)  make  the  services 
of  the  state  councils  fully  available  to  the  federal  government.  As 
the  recognized  agency  of  the  national  council  each  state  council  was 
requested  to  (1)  create  and  direct  local  councils  of  defense;  (2) 
centralize  and  coordinate  the  war  work  of  the  State;  (3)  inaugu¬ 
rate  independent  activities  for  state  defense  work;  and  (4)  assist 
the  national  council,  the  federal  departments,  and  the  war  adminis¬ 
trations  in  their  various  programs  relative  to  military  affairs,  pub¬ 
licity,  production  and  conservation  of  food  and  fuel,  labor,  trans¬ 
portation,  industry,  financial  activities,  and  health. 

Woman’s  Committee.  The  Woman’s  Committee  was  appointed 


320 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


April  21,  1917,  to  coordinate  and  centralize  the  organized  and  un¬ 
organized  forces  of  women  throughout  the  country.  It  was  organized 
in  eleven  departments  as  follows : 

(1)  State  Organization,  to  direct  the  organization  of  the  women 
of  each  State  into  state,  county,  city,  and  town  units  and  to  promote 
coordination  between  these  and  the  councils  of  defense. 

(2)  Registration  for  Service,  to  direct  the  registration  of  women 
for  voluntary  service  so  as  to  procure  definite  information  as  to  what 
service  the  women  of  the  country  were  able  and  willing  to  render. 

(3)  Food  Production  and  Home  Economics,  to  cooperate  with  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  in  efforts  to  increase  food  production, 
conserve  food,  and  promote  general  household  thrift. 

(4)  Food  Administration,  to  further  the  program  of  the  United 
States  Food  Administration  by  bringing  it  to  the  attention  of  as 
many  women  as  possible  and  by  educating  them  with  regard  to  its 
provisions. 

(5)  Women  in  Industry,  to  interpret  to  the  women  of  the  country 
the  policy  of  the  government  regarding  the  maintenance  of  stand¬ 
ards  for  women  in  employment,  chiefly  in  cooperation  with  the 
Women  in  Industry  Service  of  the  Department  of  Labor. 

(6)  Child  Welfare,  to  labor  for  the  enforcement  of  child  labor 
laws,  full  schooling  for  all  children  of  school  age,  proper  recreation 
for  children,  public  protection  of  maternity  and  infancy,  and 
mother’s  care  for  elder  children. 

(7)  Maintenance  of  Existing  Social  Service  Agencies,  to  give 
stimulus  and  support  to  efforts  to  maintain  peace-time  standards  of 
social  service  activities. 

(8)  Health  and  Recreation,  to  cooperate  with  the  Commission  on 
Training  Camp  Activities  in  providing  for  the  protection  of  health 
and  for  facilities  for  recreation  in  camps  and  camp  vicinities  for  men 
in  military  and  naval  service,  and  for  young  women  as  well. 

(9)  Educational  Propaganda,  to  further  the  general  understand¬ 
ing  of  the  more  important  questions  involved  in  the  war  by  means  of 
addresses  at  state,  county,  and  community  meetings,  by  the  distri¬ 
bution  of  literature,  by  pageants,  by  parades,  and  through  the  regu¬ 
lar  school  channels. 

(10)  Liberty  Loan,  to  assist  in  the  sale  of  Liberty  bonds  and  war 
savings  stamps. 


COUNCIL  OF  NATIONAL  DEFENCE 


321 


(11)  Home  and  Foreign  Relief,  to  assist  the  Red  Cross  and  other 
war-relief  agencies. 

Field  Division.  This  division  was  created  in  August,  1918,  to 
amalgamate  the  State  Councils  Section  and  the  Woman’s  Commit¬ 
tee  into  a  single  connecting  link  between  the  council,  the  other  fed¬ 
eral  departments  and  administrations  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  state 
councils  and  state  divisions  of  the  Woman’s  Committee  on  the  other, 
and  further  to  unify  the  war  work  of  the  men  and  women  of  each 
State.  The  division  was  organized  in  eight  sections:  (1)  Federal 
Agencies  Section;  (2)  Organization  and  Information  Section;  (3) 
News  Section;  (4)  Child  Conservation  Section;  (5)  Americanization 
Section;  (6)  Speakers’  Section;  (7)  Field  Section;  and  (8)  Office 
Management  Section. 

Committee  on  Labor.  The  business  of  this  committee  was  to  for¬ 
mulate  policies  wdth  regard  to  labor,  to  promote  cooperation  in 
regard  to  the  conservation  and  welfare  of  the  workers  in  the  indus¬ 
tries,  and  to  suggest  means  of  adjusting  employment  problems  with¬ 
out  interruption  of  industry.  It  was  organized  with  several  subcom¬ 
mittees,  such  as  (1)  the  National  Committee  on  Welfare  Work,  with 
a  section  on  housing  and  a  section  on  Industrial  Training  for  the 
War  Emergency;  (2)  the  Committee  on  Women  in  Industry;  (3) 
the  Committee  on  Maintenance  of  Labor  Standards;  (4)  the  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Foreign-Labor  Relations;  (5)  the  National  Committee  on 
Wages  and  Hours,  etc.  Close  cooperation  with  the  United  States 
Food  Administration  was  effected  by  the  assistant  to  the  chairman 
of  the  Committee  on  Labor  through  service  as  head  of  the  Division 
of  Labor  of  the  Food  Administration. 

Medical  Section,  This  section  directed  efforts  to  arouse  the  in¬ 
terest  of  women  in  nursing  as  a  profession,  enrolled  physicians  for 
war  service  in  the  Medical  Reserve  Corps  and  the  Volunteer  Medical 
Service  Corps,  was  instrumental  in  standardizing  essential  medical 
and  surgical  supplies,  assembled  the  necessary  data  for  the  classifi¬ 
cation  of  all  hospitals  in  the  United  States,  and  conducted  a  cam¬ 
paign  for  the  medical  care  and  sanitation  of  industrial  workers. 

Highways  Transport  Committee.  The  highways  transport  com¬ 
mittee  was  appointed  in  November,  1917,  to  increase  and  render 
more  effective  all  transportation  over  the  highways  as  a  means  of 


322 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


strengthening  the  transportation  system  and  relieving  the  railroads. 
Its  program  provided  for  assistance  to  the  War  Department  in  the 
operation  of  its  motor-truck  convoy  service  to  save  freight  cars ;  as¬ 
sistance  to  the  Railroad  Administration  to  reduce  terminal  conges¬ 
tion  by  developing  “store-door  delivery”;  the  establishment  of  re¬ 
turn-load  bureaus  to  eliminate  the  running  of  empty  vehicles;  the 
development  of  rural  motor  express  routes  from  agricultural  areas 
to  consuming  centers  or  shipping  points ;  the  encouragement  of  the 
removal  of  snow  from  the  main  highways;  and,  during  the  recon¬ 
struction  period,  a  study  of  economic  phases  of  highway  transport 
dealing  with  the  short  haul  and  problems  arising  out  of  competition 
on  the  part  of  various  forms  of  transportation,  due  to  the  entrance 
of  the  motor  truck  into  conunercial  life.  In  July,  1918,  the  country 
was  divided  into  eleven  districts,  each  with  a  regional  chairman. 

Department  of  Science  and  Research  (National  Research  Coun¬ 
cil).  In  April,  1916,  the  National  Academy  of  Sciences  olfered  to 
the  President  of  the  United  States  its  services  in  organizing  the  sci¬ 
entific  resources  of  the  country.  The  offer  was  accepted  and  the  Acad¬ 
emy  created  the  National  Research  Council  comprising  the  chiefs  of 
the  technical  bureaus  of  the  army  and  navy,  the  heads  of  govern¬ 
ment  bureaus  engaged  in  scientific  research,  and  scientists  in  edu¬ 
cational  institutions  and  research  foundations.  By  a  resolution 
passed  February  28,  1917,  the  Council  of  National  Defense  re¬ 
quested  the  Research  Council  to  cooperate  with  it  in  matters  per¬ 
taining  to  scientific  research  for  national  defense,  and  from  that  date 
the  Research  Council  served  as  the  Department  of  Science  and  Re¬ 
search.  During  the  period  of  transition  from  a  peace  basis  to  a  war 
basis  the  work  of  the  Research  Council  was  performed  as  advisory 
agent  of  the  Signal  Corps,  through  membership  in  the  General  Mu¬ 
nitions  Board,  in  cooperation  with  the  Naval  Consulting  Board,  and 
by  a  number  of  committees,  such  as  the  military  committee  and  com¬ 
mittees  on  foreign  service,  navigation  and  nautical  instruments, 
medicine  and  hj'^giene,  chemistry,  engineering,  physics,  and  agricul¬ 
tural  research.  By  executive  order  of  May  11,  1918,  the  National 
Research  Council  was  established  on  a  war  basis  with  duties  defined 
as  follows : 

1.  In  general,  to  stimulate  research  in  the  mathematical,  physical,  and  bio¬ 
logical  sciences,  and  in  the  application  of  these  scienees  to  engineering,  agri- 


COUNCIL  OF  NATIONAL  DEFENCE 


323 


culture,  medicine,  and  the  useful  arts,  with  the  object  of  increasing  knowl¬ 
edge,  of  strengthening  the  national  defense,  and  of  contributing  in  other  ways 
to  the  public  welfare. 

2.  To  survey  the  larger  possibilities  of  science,  to  formulate  comprehensive 
projects  of  research,  and  to  develop  effective  means  of  utilizing  the  scientific 
and  technical  resources  of  the  country  for  dealing  with  these  proj  ects. 

3.  To  promote  cooperation  in  research  at  home  and  abroad  in  order  to 
seeure  concentration  of  effort,  minimize  duplication,  and  stimulate  progress; 
but  in  all  cooperative  undertakings  to  give  encouragement  to  individual  ini¬ 
tiative  as  fundamentally  important  to  the  advaneement  of  science. 

4.  To  serve  as  a  means  of  bringing  American  and  foreign  investigators  into 
aetive  cooperation  with  the  scientific  and  technical  services  of  the  War  and 
Navy  Departments  and  with  those  of  the  civil  branches  of  the  government. 

5.  To  direct  the  attention  of  scientific  and  technical  investigators  to  the 
present  importance  of  military  and  industrial  problems  in  connection  with  the 
war  and  to  aid  in  the  solution  of  these  problems  by  organizing  specific  re¬ 
searches. 

6.  To  gather  and  collate  scientific  and  technical  information  at  home  and 
abroad  in  cooperation  with  governmental  and  other  ageneies  and  to  render 
such  information  available  to  duly  accredited  persons. 

For  the  discharge  of  these  duties  the  following  divisions  were  or¬ 
ganized  :  ( 1 )  Division  of  General  Relations,  with  a  section  on  indus¬ 
trial  research  and  a  section  to  promote  the  cooperation  of  educational 
institutions  and  the  research  committees  in  the  several  States  with  the 
Research  Council  and  wdth  the  other  research  agencies  of  the  gov¬ 
ernment;  (2)  Military  Division;  (3)  Division  of  Engineering;  (4) 
Division  of  Physics,  Mathematics,  and  Geophysics;  (5)  Division  of 
Medicine  and  Related  Sciences;  (6)  Division  of  Chemistry  and 
Chemical  Technology;  (7)  Division  of  Geology  and  Geography; 
(8)  Division  of  Agriculture,  Botany,  Forestry,  Zoology,  and 
Fisheries. 

Reconstruction  Research  Division.  This  division,  created  Febru¬ 
ary  3,  1919,  undertook  four  tasks:  (1)  to  ascertain  what  conditions 
in  the  United  States  most  demanded  readjustment  and  offered  the 
largest  opportunity  for  activities  of  reconstruction;  (2)  to  discover 
what  activities  were  planned  or  carried  on  in  the  States,  and  by  the 
federal  government,  by  foreign  governments,  and  by  voluntary 
agencies  for  meeting  the  problems  of  readjustment  and  reconstruc¬ 
tion  ;  (3)  to  collect  and  study  the  opinions  of  the  leaders  in  thought, 
of  prominent  men  of  affairs,  and  of  conferences  and  congresses  for 


324 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


aid  in  the  formulation  of  reconstruction  policies;  (4)  to  act  as  a 
clearing  house  of  information  for  state  councils  of  defense,  state 
reconstruction  boards,  or  other  state  agencies  active  in  readjust¬ 
ment. 

Publications 

First  Annual  Report  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense,  for  the  fiscal 
year  ended  Jume  30,  1917  (Washington,  1917,  130  pages).  Creation 
and  organization  of  the  Council  and  Advisory  Commission.  Activities 
of  boards,  sections,  and  committees. 

Second  Annual  Report  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense  .  .  .  dime 
30,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  275  pages).  Activities  of  the  numerous 
boards,  sections,  and  committees. 

Third  Annual  Report  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense  .  .  .  June 
30,  1919  (Washington,  1919,  160  pages).  Analysis  of  duties  and  func¬ 
tions,  organization  charts.  State  Councils  Section,  Woman’s  Committee, 
Field  Division,  National  Research  Council,  Medical  Section  and  General 
Medical  Board,  Committee  on  Labor,  Highways  Transport  Committee, 
and  Reconstruction  Research  Division. 

Fourth  Annual  Report  of  the  United  States  Council  of  National  De¬ 
fense  .  .  .  June  30,  19W  (Washington,  1920,  108  pages).  Finances, 
organization,  activities,  and  records. 

Industrial  America  in  the  World  War,  by  Grosvenor  B.  Clarkson 
(Boston  and  New  York,  1923,  573  pages).  The  author  was  secretary, 
and  later  director,  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense  and  of  the  Ad¬ 
visory  Commission,  and  the  book  contains  first-hand  information  rela¬ 
tive  to  those  bodies.  [Unofficial.] 

A  Tribute  and  a  Look  into  the  Future,  by  Grosvenor  B.  Clarkson 
(Washington,  1919, 15  pages).  A  statement  of  the  work  of  the  state  and 
territorial  councils  of  defense  and  the  state  and  territorial  divisions  of 
the  Woman’s  Committee  throughout  the  war. 

The  Nation  at  War,  by  James  A.  B.  Scherer  (New  York,  1918,  285 
pages).  A  record  of  the  personal  experience  of  a  field  agent  of  the 
State  Councils  Section,  Council  of  National  Defense,  and  an  attempt 
to  give  the  reader  some  general  idea  of  what  the  state  councils  did  as  a 
whole.  [Unofficial.] 

An  Analysis  of  th^  High  Cost  of  Living  Problem  (Washington,  1919, 
23  pages).  Prepared  under  direction  of  Grosvenor  B.  Clarkson  by  the 
Reconstruction  Research  Division.  It  comprises  a  summary  of  findings, 
statistical  facts  regarding  the  high  cost  of  living,  and  a  discussion  of 
the  causes  of  the  high  cost  of  living  and  of  remedial  measures. 


COUNCIL  OF  NATIONAL  DEFENCE 


325 


Report  of  the  W Omari’s  Committee,  Council  of  National  Defense, 
Covering  a  Year’s  Activities  to  April  21,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  54 
pages).  A  report  on  the  organization  of  the  committee  and  the  work  of 
each  of  its  departments. 

The  Woman’s  Committee,  United  States  Council  of  National  Defense, 
an  Interpretative  Report,  April  21,  1917,  to  February  27,  1919,  by 
Emily  Newell  Blair  (Washington,  1920,  150  pages).  Creation  of  the 
committee ;  relationship  to  federal  departments ;  relationship  of  state 
divisions  to  state  councils  ;  departments  of  work ;  special  work ;  achieve¬ 
ments  of  state  divisions  ;  where  the  armistice  found  the  committee ;  post¬ 
armistice  period. 

American  Women  and  the  World  War,  by  Ida  Clyde  Clarke  (New 
York,  1918,  545  pages).  The  Woman’s  Committee;  state  organizations  ; 
war  relief  organizations;  food  conservation;  child  welfare;  health  and 
recreation ;  patriotic  education ;  the  Liberty  loan ;  women  in  industry  ; 
the  Red  Cross.  [Unofficial.] 

Agencies  for  the  Sale  of  Cooked  Foods  without  Profit,  a  Survey  of 
Their  Development  xoith  Particular  Reference  to  Their  Social  and  Eco¬ 
nomic  Effect  (Washington,  1919,  75  pages).  Prepared  by  Iva  Lowther 
Peters  under  the  direction  of  the  Food  Production  and  Home  Economics 
Department  of  the  Woman’s  Committee.  A  review  of  pre-war  experi¬ 
ments  in  communal  feeding,  national  kitchens  in  Great  Britain,  and  the 
American  situation. 

The  Committee  on  Labor  published  the  following: 

Committee  on  Labor:  Organization  of  the  Committee,  Scope  and  Ob¬ 
jects,  Preliminary  Activities,  Outline  of  Plans  of  Subcommittees,  Mem¬ 
bership  List  (Washington,  1917,  20  pages). 

British  Labor’s  War  Message  to  American  Labor  (Washington, 
1917,  100  pages;  Senate  Doc.  84,  65th  Cong.,  1st  Sess.).  Addresses 
and  discussions  at  a  meeting  of  the  Committee  on  Labor  held  in  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  May  15,  1917. 

How  the  Shortage  of  Skilled  Mechanics  is  being  Overcome  by  Training 
the  Unskilled  (Washington,  1918,  63  pages).  A  review  of  intensive 
training  provided  by  each  of  several  large  manufacturing  companies. 

Sanitation  of  Rural  Workmen’s  Areas  with  Special  Reference  to 
Housing  (Washington,  1918,  35  pages).  A  report  by  a  committee  on 
welfare  work  of  the  Committee  on  Labor;  housing  wage  earners  in  la¬ 
bor  camps ;  permanent  housing. 

Code  of  Lighting  for  Factories,  Mills,  and  Other  Work  Places  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1918,  26  pages).  A  report  of  the  Divisional  Committee  on 


326 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Lighting,  Section  on  Sanitation,  Committee  on  Welfare  Work,  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Labor. 

Requirements  and  Standards  upon  Heating  and  Ventilation  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  22  pages).  A  report  of  the  Divisional  Committee  on 
Heating  and  Ventilation,  Section  on  Sanitation,  Committee  on  Welfare 
Work,  Committee  on  Labor. 

WoTuen  Workers  in  the  Philadelphia  Naval  Aircraft  Factory,  by  the 
subcommittee  on  Women  in  Industry  (1918,  47  pages).  The  labor 
force;  processes  of  manufacture;  training  women  for  aircraft  produc¬ 
tion  ;  wages  and  hours. 

The  Medical  Section  published  one  report : 

Report  of  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Medicine  and  Sanitation 
(Washington,  1918,  46  pages).  Survey  of  hospitals  and  sanatoria; 
plans  for  cantonments  and  camp  sites ;  reconstruction  of  maimed  and 
crippled;  child  welfare;  industrial  medicine  and  surgery;  nursing. 

The  Highways  Transport  Committee  published  five  bulletins  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1918-1919) : 

1.  Return-loads  bureaus  to  save  waste  in  transportation  (6  pages). 

2.  The  rural  motor  express  to  conserve  foodstuffs  and  labor  and  to  supply 
rural  transportation  (6  pages). 

3.  Return  loads  to  increase  transport  resources  by  avoiding  waste  of  empty 
vehicle  running  (4  pages). 

4.  Address  by  ..  .  Secretary  of  Commerce  at  conference  of  regional  chair¬ 
men  of  the  Highways  Transport  Committee  (8  pages). 

5.  Address  by  ..  .  Secretary  of  the  Interior  at  conference  of  regional 
chairmen  of  the  Highways  Transport  Committee  (8  pages). 

This  committee  also  published  the  Organization,  Administration,  and 
Operation  of  the  District,  County,  and  Community  Committees  of  the 
State  Highways  Transport  Committees  of  the  State  Council  of  Defense 
(Washington,  1918,  6  pages). 

The  publications  of  the  National  Research  Council  are  rather 
technical  for  the  purpose  of  this  survey.  Attention  is  directed  only 
to  its  second  Annual  Report  (Washington,  1918,  27  pages),  its 
third  Annual  Report  (Washington,  1919,  74  pages),  and  to  three 
of  its  Bulletins  (Washington,  1919-1920)  : 

1.  The  National  importance  of  scientific  and  industrial  research  (43 
pages). 

2.  Research  laboratories  in  industrial  establishments  of  the  United  States 
of  America  (86  pages). 

4.  North  American  forest  research  (145  pages). 


COUNCIL  OF  NATIONAL  DEFENCE 


327 


The  Reconstruction  Research  Division  published  Readjustment 
and  Reconstruction  Information  (Washington,  1919)-  Part  I,  Re¬ 
adjustment  and  Reconstruction  Activities  in  Foreign  Countries  (188 
pages) ;  Part  II,  Readjustment  and  Reconstruction  Activities  in  the 
States  (371  pages) . 

Among  a  number  of  circulars  and  small  publications  issued  by  sub¬ 
ordinate  units  of  the  council  are  the  following: 

Community  circulars,  1,  2,  3,  and  4  (Washington,  1918)  relative  to  the 
development  of  community  councils. 

Two  circulars  (Washington,  1918)  relative  to  the  activities  of  the  Field 
Division. 

Industrial  fatigue,  preliminary  report  of  Divisional  Committee,  on  Indus¬ 
trial  Fatigue,  Section  on  Sanitation,  National  Committee  on  Welfare  Work, 
Committee  on  Labor  (Washington,  1918,  13  pages). 

Manufacture  and  loading  of  high  explosives,  a  report  of  Divisional  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Industrial  Diseases,  Poisons  and  Explosives,  Section  on  Sanitation, 
Committee  on  Welfare  Work,  Committee  on  Labor  (Washington,  1918,  19 
pages). 

Suggestions  for  the  utilization  of  ..  .  proposed  uniform  highway  traffic 
regulations  and  directions,  submitted  by  the  Highways  Transport  Committee 
(Washington,  1919,  4  pages). 

Mimeographed  Material 

The  Library  of  Congress  has  a  mimeographed  copy  of  each  of  the 
following : 

Directory  of  Auxiliary  War  Organizations,  prepared  by  the  Division  of 
Statistics  (November  1,  1917,  133  pages).  Organization,  functions,  person¬ 
nel,  and  other  data  relative  to  each  auxiliary  war  agency  that  had  been  estab¬ 
lished  when  it  was  compiled. 

A  Report  from  the  Director  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense  and  of  its 
Advisory  Commission  to  the  Chairman  of  the  Council  (May  28,  1917,  48 
pages).  A  statement  of  the  organization  and  accomplishments  of  the  council, 
commission,  boards,  sections,  and  committees. 

Report  on  Organization  and  Activities  of  State  Councils  of  Defense,  by  the 
State  Councils  Section  (June  18,  1917,  49  pages).  Letters  and  bulletins; 
state  organization ;  committees ;  local  organization ;  finances ;  coordination  of 
clubs  and  societies ;  military  establishment ;  relief ;  home  defense ;  aliens ; 
transportation ;  industrial  activities ;  engineering  activities ;  labor ;  supply  and 
conservation  of  food. 

Reconstruction  Information  (January  23,  1919,  99  pages).  Extracts  and 
digests  of  articles  in  official  and  private  periodicals  concerning  readjustment 
and  reconstruction  activities  in  foreign  countries. 


328 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Daily  Digest  of  Reconstruction  News  (December  12,  1918,  to  February  17, 
1921,  13  volumes).  A  daily  chronicle  in  digest  form  of  executive  proclamations 
and  orders,  legislative  enactments,  departmental  statements,  reports  and  other 
material  emanating  from  federal  bureaus  and  offices,  together  with  a  resume 
of  news  items  bearing  upon  scientific,  economic,  and  industrial  problems  in  the 
United  States  and  foreign  countries. 

Records 

The  Council  of  National  Defense  ceased  to  function  June  30, 
1921,  and  on  the  following  day  its  records  together  with  those  of 
the  War  Industries  Board  and  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Infor¬ 
mation  were  transferred  to  the  office  of  the  Assistant  Secretary  of 
War  in  conformity  with  an  executive  order  of  April  21,  1921.  Sub¬ 
sequently  those  of  the  Highways  Transport  Committee  were  trans¬ 
ferred  to  the  Bureau  of  Public  Roads,  Department  of  Agriculture, 
pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  section  3  of  the  post  roads  act  of  No¬ 
vember  9, 1921. 

Council  and  Advisory  Commission.  The  minutes  of  the  meetings 
of  the  council  and  of  the  Advisory  Commission,  December  6,  1916, 
to  February  21,  1921  (4  volumes),  constitute  an  important  body  of 
records,  especially  for  the  early  period  of  the  war.  Here,  too,  are 
records,  indexed  by  agencies  and  by  topics,  of  the  activities  of  fed¬ 
eral  agencies,  and  of  private  organizations,  and  records  containing 
information  gathered  by  private  organizations. 

State  Councils  Section.  Information  upon  which  the  decisions  of 
this  section  were  based  was  furnished  principally  by  the  state  coun¬ 
cils,  but  was  also  obtained  from  printed  reports,  magazines,  and 
clippings.  All  this  material  is  arranged  in  duplicate  files,  by  States 
and  by  subjects.  Particularly  important  records  are: 

(1)  Bulletins;  general  letters,  weekly  information  circulars,  and 
circulars  on  general  topics,  issued  by  the  section,  many  of  them  be¬ 
ing  requests  from  federal  departments,  or  special  war  bureaus  for 
certain  activities  to  be  undertaken  by  the  state  councils. 

(2)  Reports  prepared  by  the  section  covering  the  responses  of 
state  councils  to  particular  queries  or  proposals. 

(3)  Monthly  questionnaires. 

(4)  Weekly  memoranda  prepared  for  the  use  of  the  section,  re¬ 
viewing  the  activities  of  the  States. 


COUNCIL  OF  NATIONAL  DEFENCE 


329 


(5)  Minutes  and  reports  of  state  council  meetings. 

(6)  Minutes  of  the  first  and  second  state  council  conference. 

(7)  Annual  and  final  reports  by  state  councils. 

Woman’s  Committee.  The  records  of  this  committee  comprise 
general  correspondence  with  the  state  divisions,  circulars  issued  by 
the  committee,  bimonthly  reports  of  the  state  divisions,  and  weekly 
memoranda  prepared  for  the  use  of  the  committee  from  informa¬ 
tion  received  concerning  the  state  divisions. 

Committee  on  Labor.  The  minutes  of  the  meetings  of  this  com¬ 
mittee  are  preserved  in  one  bound  volume.  Other  records  comprise 
the  general  correspondence  of  the  committee  and  its  subcommittees ; 
reports  of  subcommittees;  data  relative  to  compensation,  housing, 
and  training  for  w'ar  emergency ;  and  news  clippings  relative  to  la¬ 
bor  conditions. 

Medical  Section.  Such  records  of  this  section  as  are  pertinent  to 
this  survey  consist  of  correspondence  filed  under  the  following  sub¬ 
jects  ;  state  activities,  hospital  matters,  nursing,  hygiene  and  sanita¬ 
tion,  child  welfare.  Red  Cross,  and  standardization. 

Highways  Transport  Committee.  The  records  of  this  committee 
consist  almost  wholly  of  its  correspondence  with  regional  chiefs, 
state  committees,  chambers  of  commerce,  good-roads  organizations, 
manufacturers,  motor  industries,  and  motor  truck  operators. 

Reconstruction  Research  Division.  There  are  records  in  this  divi¬ 
sion  under  each  of  the  following  subjects : 


Administrative  reorganization 
Aliens  in  public  service 
Americanization 

Assistance  for  families  of  service  men 
Assistance  for  service  men 
“Back-to-School”  drive 
Bar  examinations  for  service  men 
Bonuses  for  service  men 
Boys’  Working  Reserve 
Building  activity 
Business  re-adjustment 
“Buy  Now”  campaign 
Centralization  of  power  in  the  Execu¬ 
tive 


Clearing  house  for  social  needs 
Chain  of  wayside  inns  on  highways 
Coal  at  reduced  prices 
Commission  on  Public  Welfare 
Committee  on  Public  Safety 
Committee  on  Readjustment 
Community  councils 
Community  houses 
Community  organization 
Community  welfare 
Compensation  to  state  employees 
Cooperation  for  price  reduction 
Cooperative  distribution 
Cotton  acreage 


330 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Demobilization  committees 
Demobilization  of  service  men 
Development  plans 
Dismissal  of  women  war  workers 
Education  of  returned  service  men 
Employment 

English  language  at  public  meetings 

English  language  in  schools 

Farm  and  Industrial  Council 

Food  production 

Food  control 

Food  situation 

Foreign  languages  in  schools 

Foreign  trade 

High  cost  of  living 

Highways 

Home  for  disabled  service  men 
Home  building 
Home  bureaus 
Home  gardens 
Housing  accommodations 
Industrial-economic  survey 
Information  service  for  returned 
service  men 

Labor  participation  in  business  man¬ 
agement 

Labor  standards  for  women 
Land  reclamation 
Loans  to  service  men 
Marketing  products 
Minimum  wage  law 
Moratorium  for  service  men 
Motor  transport  service 
Organization  for  sheep  production 
Payments  to  war  work  organizations 
Pensions  for  service  men 
Port  facilities 

Preference  to  service  men  in  land  en¬ 
tries 

Preference  to  returned  service  men  in 
public  employment 
Price  fixing 

Probation  officers  to  cooperate  in 
post-war  problems 
Profiteering,  public  works 


Reconstruction  Association 
Reconstruction  Board 
Reconstruction  campaign 
Reconstruction  Commission 
Reconstruction  Committee 
Reconstruction  Conference 
Reconstruction  Congress 
Reconstruction  Convention 
Reconstruction  expenditures 
Reconstruction  legislation 
Reconstruction  measures 
Reconstruction  plans 
Reconstruction  policies 
Reconstruction  problems 
Reconstruction  progress 
Reconstruction  recommendations 
Rehabilitation  of  disabled  service 
men 

Reinstatement  of  returned  service 
men  in  retirement  system 
Revolutionary  organizations 
Revolutionary  propaganda 
Rights  and  privileges  of  service  men 
and  their  families 
Roadside  markets 
Rural  planning 
School  gardens 
Shipbuilding 
Shipping  lines 

State  ownership  of  business  enter¬ 
prises 

State  supervision  of  transportation 
Street  improvement 
Stimulation  of  food  production 
Tax  exemption  for  service  men  and 
for  their  widows 
Trade  with  Russia  and  Siberia 
Use  of  government  harbor  improve¬ 
ments  for  commerce 
Utilization  of  war  materials 
Veterans’  Welfare  Commission 
Vocational  education 
Vocational  reeducation  for  disabled 
service  men 

Wage  scales  and  hours  of  labor 


COUNCIL  OF  NATIONAL  DEFENCE 


331 


War  Veterans’  Association 
Wasteful  services 
Water  resources 
Welfare  Commission 


Welfare  councils 
Welfare  of  returned  service  men 
Woman’s  Committee 
Workingmen’s  and  Soldiers’  Council 


Committee  on  Coal  Production.  The  records  of  the  activities  of 
this  committee,  which  were  curtailed  by  the  establishment  of  the 
United  States  Fuel  Administration  and  terminated  February  25, 
1918,  comprise  minutes  of  its  meetings,  correspondence  with  coal- 
producing  companies  and  railroads  with  regard  to  the  movement  of 
coal  from  the  mines,  and  correspondence  with  the  United  States  Geo¬ 
logical  Survey  and  other  cooperating  agencies. 

Committee  on  Transportation  and  Communication.  This  com¬ 
mittee  was  dissolved  December  26,  1917,  by  the  creation  of  the 
United  States  Railroad  Administration.  Its  records  include  corre¬ 
spondence  of  the  committee  and  its  subcommittees,  and  particularly 
requests  for  priority  allotments  of  cars. 

Committee  on  Supplies.  This  committee  was  transferred  to  the 
Quartermaster  Department  of  the  Army  in  January,  1918.  A  rec¬ 
ord  of  its  activities  prior  to  that  date  is  contained  in  correspondence 
with  the  Quartermaster  Department  and  with  firms  submitting  bids 
on  equipment  and  subsistence.  Records  of  contracts  are  listed  by 
commodities. 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


Evolution  and  Dissolution 

The  War  Industries  Board  had  its  genesis  in  the  Committee  on  In¬ 
dustrial  Preparedness  of  the  Naval  Consulting  Board  which  in  1916 
listed,  described,  and  classified  some  27,000  of  the  more  important 
industrial  establishments  of  the  country.  In  the  meantime  potential 
provision  for  industrial  mobilization  was  made  in  section  2  of  the 
army  appropriation  act  of  March  29,  1916,  which  established  the 
Council  of  National  Defense.  In  January,  1917,  a  member  of  the 
advisory  commission  of  this  council  was  authorized  to  continue 
his  consultations  with  the  leaders  in  the  steel  and  metal  industries 
for  the  purpose  of  determining  how  their  resources  could  be  got 
together  so  as  to  be  operated  as  a  unit.  A  month  later,  at  a  joint 
meeting  of  the  council  and  advisory  commission,  a  resolution  was 
passed  which  provided  for  the  calling  of  a  series  of  conferences  with 
the  leading  men  in  each  industry  fundamentally  necessary  to  the 
defense  of  industry  in  the  event  of  war,  at  which  conferences  these 
men  should  be  asked  to  organize  themselves  so  as  to  deal  with  the 
council  through  one  man  or  through  a  committee  of  not  more  than 
three  men.  Pursuant  to  this  resolution  each  member  of  the  advisory 
commission  was  made  chairman  of  a  committee,  the  other  members 
of  which,  designated  by  the  chairman,  were  from  either  govern¬ 
mental  or  civil  life,  or  both.  Three  of  these  committees,  subsequently 
merged  in  whole  or  in  part  into  the  War  Industries  Board,  were 
the  Committee  on  Raw  Materials,  Minerals,  and  Metals,  the  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Munitions,  Manufacturing,  and  Industrial  Relations,  and 
the  Committee  on  Supplies.  By  a  resolution  adopted  March  31, 
1917,  the  council  created  the  General  Munitions  Board,  composed 
of  representatives  of  the  army,  navy,  and  advisory  commission,  to 
coordinate  the  buying  for  the  several  departments,  to  assist  in  the 
acquirement  of  raw  materials  and  manufacturing  facilities,  and  to 
make  recommendations  as  to  precedence  of  orders.  The  new  board 
appointed  committees  the  functions  of  which  interfered  with  the 
functions  of  the  advisory  commission.  Reorganization  became  im¬ 
perative,  and  after  considering  the  matter  for  six  weeks  the  council, 
on  July  8,  1917,  voted  to  establish  the  War  Industries  Board. 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD  333 

The  duties  of  the  new  board  were  defined  in  general  terms  as 
follows : 

The  board  will  act  as  a  clearing  house  for  the  war-industry  needs  of  the 
government,  determine  the  most  effective  ways  of  meeting  them,  and  the  best 
means  and  methods  of  increasing  production,  including  the  creation  or  exten¬ 
sion  of  industries  demanded  by  the  emergency,  the  sequence  and  relative  ur¬ 
gency  of  the  needs  of  the  different  government  services,  and  consider  price 
factors  and,  in  the  first  instance,  the  industrial  and  labor  aspects  of  problems 
involved  and  the  general  questions  affecting  the  purchase  of  commodities. 

The  full  exercise  of  these  functions  meant  that  the  War  Indus¬ 
tries  Board  should  be  as  supreme  in  industry  as  the  army  and  navy 
were  in  war,  but,  like  the  council  by  which  it  was  created,  it  was  as 
yet  only  an  advisory  body.  Its  weakness  from  this  position  developed 
until,  in  the  face  of  a  demand  for  a  reconstruction  of  the  central  war 
control,  the  President,  by  a  letter  of  March  4  and  an  executive  order 
of  May  28,  1918,  made  it  independent  of  the  council  and  endow^ed 
it  with  ample  executive  authority  emanating  from  his  powers  as  com¬ 
mander-in-chief  of  the  army  and  navy. 

After  the  signing  of  the  armistice  the  War  Industries  Board 
rapidly  removed  its  restrictions  on  industry.  The  chairman  tendered 
his  resignation  the  29th  of  November,  and  an  executive  order  of 
December  31,  1918,  directed  that  the  board  should  dissolve  January 

1. 1919,  save  and  excepting  for  the  winding  up  of  its  affairs  and  the 
inventorying  of  its  records  and  effects  by  a  liquidating  officer ;  that 
the  Price  Fixing  Committee  should  continue  to  function  until  the 
expiration  of  all  periods  for  the  operation  of  fixed  prices ;  that  the 
Wool  Division  should  be  transferred  to  the  Bureau  of  Markets,  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture,  for  the  settlement  of  claims ;  and  that  the 
Division  of  Planning  and  Statistics  should  be  transferred  to  the 
War  Trade  Board.  The  liquidating  officer  completed  his  work  July 

22. 1919,  and  on  that  day  the  records  in  his  custody  were,  by  execu¬ 
tive  order,  turned  over  to  the  Council  of  National  Defense. 

Functions 

The  War  Industries  Board,  when  established  as  a  separate  ad¬ 
ministrative  agency,  was  charged  with  the  task  of  procuring  an 
adequate  flow  of  materials  for  the  War  Department,  the  Navy  De¬ 
partment,  the  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation,  and  the  Railroad  Ad- 


334 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


ministration ;  with  the  task  of  providing  for  the  military  needs  of  the 
allies ;  with  the  task  of  providing  commodities  required  by  neutrals 
in  exchange  for  materials  essential  to  the  United  States ;  and,  in  al¬ 
liance  with  the  Food,  Fuel,  and  Labor  Administrations,  with  the 
task  of  providing  for  the  country’s  civilian  needs.  These  tasks  were 
performed  mainly  by  stimulating  and  expanding  the  production  of 
those  materials  essential  to  the  war  program  and  by  depressing  and 
curtailing  the  production  of  those  things  not  of  a  necessary  nature. 
Commodities  of  which  there  was  or  was  likely  to  be  a  deficit  were 
allocated,  their  increased  production  was  encouraged  by  price-fixing, 
and  their  orderly  flow  into  channels  most  conducive  to  the  purposes 
of  the  war  was  regulated  by  priority  rulings.  The  demands  of  the 
government,  of  the  allies,  and  of  the  public  were  analyzed,  meas¬ 
ured,  and  often  restrained.  The  extent  to  which  and  the  manner  in 
which  the  supplies  could  meet  the  requirements  were  ascertained  so 
far  as  possible  in  order  to  determine  what  action  should  be  taken. 

In  the  board’s  charter,  contained  in  the  President’s  letter  of 
March  4,  1918,  its  functions  are  stated  as  follows: 

(1)  The  creation  of  new  facilities  and  the  disclosing,  if  necessary,  the 
opening  up  of  new  or  additional  sources  of  supply ; 

(2)  The  conversion  of  existing  facilities,  where  necessary,  to  new  uses; 

(3)  The  studious  conservation  of  resources  and  facilities  by  scientific, 
commercial,  and  industrial  economies ; 

(4)  Advice  to  the  several  purchasing  agencies  of  the  government  vrith 
regard  to  the  price  to  be  paid ; 

(6)  The  determination,  wherever  necessary,  of  priorities  of  production  and 
of  delivery  and  of  the  proportion  of  any  given  article  to  be  made  immediately 
accessible  to  the  several  purchasing  agencies  when  the  supply  of  that  article 
is  insufficient,  either  temporarily  or  permanently ; 

(6)  The  making  of  purchases  for  the  allies. 


Organization 

Subsequent  to  its  reorganization  in  March,  1918,  the  board  was 
composed  of  a  chairman,  vice-chairman,  the  priorities  commissioner, 
chairman  of  the  price-fixing  committee,  the  commissioner  of  finished 
products,  a  representative  of  the  army,  a  representative  of  the  navy, 
chairman  of  the  labor  division,  the  steel  administrator,  a  technical 
adviser,  a  general  counsel,  and  a  secretary.  The  functional  divisions 
of  the  hoard  were  the  Requirements  Division,  Conservation  Division, 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


335 


Labor  Division,  Priorities  Division,  Price  Fixing  Committee,  and  the 
Allied  Purchasing  Commission. 

Chairman.  The  duties  of  the  chairman  as  prescribed  in  the  Presi¬ 
dent’s  letter  of  March  4,  1918,  were  as  follows: 

(1)  To  act  for  the  joint  and  several  benefit  of  all  the  supply  depart¬ 
ments  of  the  government. 

(2)  To  let  alone  what  is  being  successfully  done  and  interfere  as  little 
as  possible  with  the  present  normal  processes  of  purchase  and  delivery  in 
the  several  departments. 

(3)  To  guide  and  assist  wherever  the  need  for  guidance  or  assistance  may 
be  revealed;  for  example,  in  the  allocation  of  contracts,  in  obtaining  access  to 
materials  in  any  way  preempted,  or  in  the  disclosure  of  sources  of  supply. 

(4)  To  determine  what  is  to  be  done  when  there  is  any  competitive  or  other 
conflict  of  interest  between  departments  in  the  matter  of  supplies;  for  ex¬ 
ample,  when  there  is  not  a  sufficient  immediate  supply  for  all  and  there  must 
be  a  decision  as  to  the  priority  of  need  or  delivery,  or  when  there  is  competi¬ 
tion  for  the  same  source  of  manufacture  or  supply,  or  when  contracts  have 
not  been  placed  in  such  a  way  as  to  get  advantage  of  the  full  productive  ca¬ 
pacity  of  the  country. 

(5)  To  see  that  contracts  and  deliveries  are  followed  up  where  such  as¬ 
sistance  as  is  indicated  under  (3)  and  (4)  above  has  proved  to  be  necessary. 

(6)  To  anticipate  the  prospective  needs  of  the  several  supply  depart¬ 
ments  of  the  government  and  their  feasible  adjustment  to  the  industry  of 
the  country  as  far  in  advance  as  possible,  in  order  that  as  definite  an  outlook 
and  opportunity  for  planning  as  possible  may  be  afforded  the  business  men  of 
the  country. 

The  chairman  was  vested  with  the  ultimate  decision  of  all  ques¬ 
tions  except  the  determination  of  prices,  the  other  members  of  the 
board  acting  in  a  cooperative  and  advisory  capacity.  In  the  deter¬ 
mination  of  prices  he  was  governed  by  the  advice  of  the  price  fixing 
committee. 

Requirements  Division.  The  vice  chairman  of  the  board  was 
chairman  of  this  division.  The  other  members  were:  the  chairman 
and  the  technical  adviser  of  the  board,  the  priorities  commissioner, 
the  commissioner  of  finished  products,  the  chairman  of  the  conser¬ 
vation  division,  the  director  of  the  chemicals  division,  the  director  of 
the  steel  division,  the  chief  of  the  non-ferrous  metals  section,  two 
representatives  each  of  the  army  and  the  navy,  and  one  representa¬ 
tive  each  of  the  allies,  the  Department  of  Commerce,  the  Emer¬ 
gency  Fleet  Corporation,  the  Railroad  Administration,  the  Food 


336 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Administration,  the  Fuel  Administration,  the  Capital  Issues  Com¬ 
mittee,  the  Marine  Corps,  and  the  Red  Cross. 

The  division  was  charged  with  the  duty  of  elfecting  such  a  dis¬ 
tribution  of  those  materials  and  supplies  of  which  the  production 
was  less  than  the  demand  that  they  might  be  utilized,  so  far  as 
practicable,  by  those  industries  that  were  most  essential  to  the  war ; 
with  the  development  of  new  sources  of  production;  and,  wherever 
feasible,  with  the  conversion  of  existing  facilities  to  more  essential 
uses. 

Most  of  the  work  was  done  through  commodity  sections  estab¬ 
lished  for  the  various  raw  materials  or  finished  products  that 
required  investigation  or  allocation.  Each  of  these  commodity  sec¬ 
tions,  with  a  chief  and  representatives  of  the  army,  navy.  Emer¬ 
gency  Fleet  Corporation,  Railroad  Administration,  and  other  gov¬ 
ernmental  agencies,  studied  the  particular  commodity  intrusted  to 
its  care  and  determined  whether  allocation  was  necessary,  and  if  so, 
how  the  material  should  be  allotted  among  the  several  departments 
of  the  government  and  the  extent  to  which  manufacturers  and  others, 
whether  making  war  supplies  or  not,  should  be  supplied.  Each  com¬ 
modity  chief  was  the  government  agent  for  dealing  with  the  industry 
or  industries  for  which  his  section  was  responsible,  and  centered  in 
him  was  the  task  of  gathering,  chiefly  by  means  of  questionnaires, 
information  about  such  industries  as  were  in  the  province  of  his 
section. 

Relative  to  resources  and  industrial  conversions  the  division  gath¬ 
ered  information  covering:  (1)  existing  facilities  for  meeting  di¬ 
rect  and  indirect  war  needs,  in  both  raw  materials  and  finished  prod¬ 
ucts;  (2)  the  extent  to  which  those  facilities  were  occupied  with 
unfilled  orders  and  the  extent  to  which  they  could  take  on  addi¬ 
tional  orders;  (3)  if  overloaded,  the  feasibility  and  extent  of  ex¬ 
pansion  necessary  to  relieve  such  overloading,  or  in  the  alternative 
the  extent  of  transferring  the  overload  to  other  facilities;  (4)  exist¬ 
ing  facilities  not  employed  on  war  work,  but  capable  of  undertaking 
such  work;  (5)  facilities  whose  production  was  curtailed  because  of 
war  conditions  and  the  extent  to  which  they  were  susceptible  of  con¬ 
version  for  the  production  of  war  needs;  the  existence  of  available 
labor,  of  new  sources  of  supply  of  raw  materials,  of  unused  power 
facilities,  of  available  transportation  facilities,  etc.,  which  might  be 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


337 


available  to  relieve  congestion  or  the  overloading  of  facilities  in 
other  districts.  For  procuring  this  information  the  country  was  di¬ 
vided  into  twenty  regions,  in  each  of  which  an  organization  effected 
by  chambers  of  commerce  and  other  business  men’s  organizations 
familiar  with  local  conditions  cooperated  with  a  regional  adviser, 
appointed  by  the  War  Industries  Board,  in  making  a  thoroughgoing 
survey  of  industrial  resources. 

A  special  survey  of  power  plants  was  made  to  determine  the  ex¬ 
pediency  of  uniting  through  transmission  lines,  groups  of  inde¬ 
pendent  plants  in  congested  districts  in  order  to  secure  the  benefit  of 
diversity  and  increase  the  potential  power  of  the  groups.  Close  con¬ 
tact  was  maintained  with  the  War  Finance  Corporation  in  matters 
pertaining  to  the  necessity  or  desirability  for  the  expansion  of  power 
plants  and  the  discouragement  or  prevention  of  new  construction 
which  would  not  contribute  directly  or  indirectly  to  the  winning  of 
the  war.  A  survey  of  existing  and  potential  facilities  to  supply  the 
direct  and  indirect  war  requirements  of  the  country  was  pending 
when  the  armistice  was  signed. 

Conservation  Division.  This  division  took  over  the  conservation 
work  of  the  Commercial  Economy  Board  of  the  Council  of  National 
Defense.  Its  functions  were  performed  in  part  by  the  chairman  of 
the  division  and  nine  associates  and  in  part  by  the  chiefs  of  the  com¬ 
modity  sections.  The  conservation  programs  both  of  the  division  and 
of  the  commodity  sections  were  for  the  purpose  of  determining  in 
each  industry  the  uses  to  which  labor,  materials,  equipment,  and 
capital  were  put  which  could  be  dispensed  with  so  that  they  could  be 
released  for  more  essential  uses.  To  this  end  activities  were  particu¬ 
larly  directed  to  the  accomplishment  of :  ( 1 )  the  reduction  of  the 
number  of  styles,  varieties,  sizes,  and  colors  of  manufactured  com¬ 
modities  and  especially  the  elimination  of  styles  and  varieties  of  arti¬ 
cles  which  violated  the  principle  of  economy;  (2)  the  elimination  of 
certain  adornments;  (3)  the  substitution  of  articles  and  materials 
which  were  plentiful  for  those  which  were  scarce  and  difficult  to 
produce;  (4)  the  reduction  of  the  consumption  of  commodities  for 
unimportant  purposes;  (5)  the  reduction  of  the  waste  of  materials 
in  manufacturing  processes;  (6)  an  economy  in  the  use  of  samples 
for  selling  purposes;  (7)  an  economy  in  packing  and  delivery. 

Labor  Division.  The  chairman  of  this  division  represented  the 


338 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


War  Industries  Board  on  the  War  Labor  Policies  Board,  was  a 
member  of  the  committee  of  the  latter  board  on  the  relation  of  mih- 
tary  to  industrial  man  power,  was  a  member  of  the  Price  Fixing 
Committee  of  the  War  Industries  Board,  was  chairman  of  the 
United  States  War  Industries  Badge  Board,  and  a  member  of  the 
pennant-award  committee  of  the  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation.  He 
was  constantly  in  touch  with  the  officers  of  the  American  Federation 
of  Labor  and  the  general  officers  and  representatives  of  the  various 
•  unions  whose  members  were  employed  in  war  industries.  Within  his 
division  of  the  War  Industries  Board  he  organized  the  War  Prison 
Labor  and  National  Waste  Reclamation  Section  with  a  membershin 

X 

as  follows :  the  chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  National 
Committee  on  Prisons  and  Labor;  the  chief  of  the  Office  of  Farm 
Management,  Department  of  Agriculture;  a  representative  of  the 
Reclamation  Division,  United  States  Army;  the  Commissioner  of 
Immigration,  Department  of  Labor ;  the  secretary  of  the  union  label 
trades  department,  American  Federation  of  Labor ;  the  assistant  di¬ 
rector  of  research.  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education;  the 
Assistant  Secretary,  Department  of  Commerce ;  a  representative  of 
the  navy ;  and  a  representative  of  the  adjutant  general’s  office.  The 
section  operated  along  the  following  lines:  (1)  securing  cooperation 
of  government  and  organizations  in  reclamation  of  man  power  and 
waste  material;  (2)  utilization  of  the  labor  of  prisoners;  (3)  re¬ 
education  by  vocational  training  of  crippled  soldiers  and  sailors, 
together  with  those  injured  in  industry  to  enable  them  to  become 
self-sustaining;  (4)  organization  and  direction  of  a  national  waste 
reclamation  system  with  the  county  as  a  unit;  (5)  standardization 
of  industries  and  occupations  in  penal  institutions  for  producing 
materials;  (6)  national  road  work  system  for  prisoners;  (7)  devel¬ 
opment  of  war  prisoners’  division  in  the  army;  (8)  induction  into 
industry  and  agriculture  of  discharged  or  paroled  prisoners;  (9) 
army  and  navy  waste  reclamation;  (10)  development  of  camp 
gardens. 

Priorities  Division.  The  Priorities  Division  was  administered  by  a 
priorities  commissioner  assisted  by  a  Priorities  Board,  a  Priorities 
Committee,  a  Labor  Section,  and  a  Non -war  Construction  Section. 
The  priorities  commissioner  was  a  member  of  the  War  Industries 
Board,  a  member  of  its  Requirements  Division,  and  chairman  both 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


339 


of  the  Priorities  Board  and  the  Priorities  Committee.  The  other 
members  of  the  Priorities  Board  were  the  chairman  of  the  War  In¬ 
dustries  Board  and  representatives  of  the  army,  navy,  Shipping 
Board,  Railroad  Administration,  Food  Administration,  Fuel  Ad¬ 
ministration,  War  Trade  Board,  War  Labor  Policies  Board,  and 
Allied  Purchasing  Commission.  The  other  members  of  the  Priorities 
Committee  were  representatives  of  the  army,  navy.  Shipping  Board, 
Railroad  Administration,  engineering,  and  business. 

The  pro\dnce  of  the  Priorities  Division  was  wholly  within  those 
industries  in  which  the  production  or  supply  was  short  of  the  de¬ 
mand.  Within  that  province  it  determined  the  proportions  of  any 
given  article  which  were  to  be  made  accessible  to  the  various  and 
varying  demands  for  it  as  well  as  the  sequence  in  which  materials 
should  be  manufactured  and  orders  filled.  The  priorities  commis¬ 
sioner  was  charged  wdth  the  final  decision  in  all  priority  matters, 
this  authority  having  been  delegated  to  him  by  the  chairman  of  the 
War  Industries  Board.  The  Priorities  Board  formulated  general 
plans  for  the  coordination  of  the  military  and  industrial  programs. 
It  defined  those  activities  that  were  to  be  accorded  preferential 
treatment  because  of  their  war  or  civilian  importance,  and  certified 
its  classifications  to  the  Fuel  Administration,  the  Railroad  Adminis¬ 
tration,  the  Employment  Service,  and  the  industrial  advisers  to 
district  draft  boards  for  use  and  guidance  in  distributing  fuel,  fur¬ 
nishing  transportation  and  labor,  and  passing  on  cases  of  industrial 
and  occupational  deferment.  The  Priorities  Committee  determined 
priorities  in  production,  and  to  this  end  each  member  specialized  in 
one  or  more  of  the  commodities  or  purposes  for  which  priorities  in 
production  were  granted.  The  Labor  Section  cooperated  wnth  the 
Labor  Division  of  the  War  Industries  Board,  the  United  States 
Employment  Service,  the  War  Labor  Policies  Board,  and  other 
governmental  agencies  dealing  with  labor  problems,  in  rendering 
assistance  in  the  administration  of  priorities  in  labor.  The  Non-war 
Construction  Section  had  charge  of  a  program,  inaugurated  as  a 
war  measure,  to  effect  the  deferment  of  all  building  construction 
that  was  not  needed  for  war  purposes  or  that  was  not,  for  any  other 
purpose,  clearly  in  the  pubbc  interest. 

Price  Fixing  Committee.  The  chairman  of  the  Price  Fixing  Com¬ 
mittee  was  a  member  of  the  War  Industries  Board.  The  other  mem- 


340 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


bers  were  the  chairman  of  the  War  Industries  Board,  the  chairman 
of  the  Labor  Division,  the  chairman  of  the  Federal  Trade  Commis¬ 
sion,  the  chairman  of  the  Tariff  Commission,  the  Federal  Fuel  Ad¬ 
ministrator,  one  representative  each  of  the  army  and  the  navy,  and 
an  ex-governor  of  Virginia. 

Particular  prices  were  fixed  during  the  war  for  aluminum,  cement, 
copper,  cotton  fabrics,  cotton  linters,  hides,  leather,  hemp,  lumber, 
platinum,  rags,  sand,  gravel,  crushed  stone,  steel,  wool,  and  zinc. 
Usually  the  prices  (maximum  prices)  were  fixed  by  agreement  after 
a  study  of  costs  by  the  Federal  Trade  Commission.  The  prices  were 
fixed  both  for  the  government  and  the  public  when  government  pur¬ 
chases  were  so  large  as  to  disturb  market  conditions,  but  if  there  was 
no  promise  of  market  disturbance  the  prices,  as  fixed,  were  only  the 
maximum  prices  which  the  government  should  pay. 

Allied  Purchasing  Commission.  Through  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  representing  the  United  States,  arrangements  were  made 
with  the  governments  of  Great  Britain,  France,  Italy,  Belgium, 
Russia,  and  Serbia  by  which  all  purchases  made  by  these  govern¬ 
ments  in  the  United  States  should  be  handled  through  or  with  the 
consent  of  a  commission  to  be  known  as  the  Allied  Purchasing  Com¬ 
mission.  As  originally  constituted,  August  27,  1917,  the  members  of 
the  commission  were  members  of  the  War  Industries  Board,  and  by 
the  President’s  letter  of  March  4,  1918,  reorganizing  the  board,  the 
commission  was  made  a  component  part  of  it,  with  the  chairman  of 
the  board  chairman  of  the  commission. 

Fifty-seven  commodity  sections  supplied  the  functional  divi¬ 
sions  with  indispensable  statistical  and  expert  information,  were  an 
important  medium  of  communication  with  the  industries  and  pur¬ 
chasing  agencies,  and  directed  the  enforcement  of  the  board’s  regu¬ 
lations.  Contact  with  the  industries  was  further  facilitated  by  more 
than  two  hundred  and  fifty  war  service  committees  under  the  super¬ 
vision  of  the  United  States  Chamber  of  Commerce.  Each  committee 
represented  an  industry  or  branch  of  an  industry  and  when  occasion 
required  the  various  units  composing  a  particular  industry  joined 
in  appointing  some  one  committee  to  act  as  spokesman  in  negotiating 
with  the  government. 

Division  of  Planning  and  Statistics.  This  division,  operating  in 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


341 


six  sections,  served  chiefly  as  a  central  statistical  bureau.  (I)  The 
Section  on  Price  Statistics,  working  in  close  cooperation  with  the 
Price  Fixing  Committee,  prepared  a  number  of  special  reports.  The 
work  of  the  section  was  expanded  immediately  after  the  armistice 
and  in  1919  its  studies  were  published  in  a  series  of  fifty-seven  bulle¬ 
tins  under  the  general  title.  History  of  Prices  during  the  War.  (2) 
The  War  Contracts  Section  collected  some  information  on  war  con¬ 
tracts  and  deliveries  and  issued  some  bulletins  based  on  partial  re¬ 
turns.  (3)  The  Section  on  War  Industries  Abroad  searched  foreign 
publications  and  foreign  ofiicial  documents  for  such  information  as 
would  be  of  interest  to  the  board.  (4)  The  Editorial  Section  issued  a 
series  of  bulletins  for  the  information  of  war  agencies  relative  to  the 
status  of  the  supply  program  and  changes  in  the  industrial  condi¬ 
tions  affecting  it.  (5)  The  Commodity  Statistics  Section  assisted  the 
commodity  sections  in  tabulating  and  charting  data.  In  some  in¬ 
stances  it  organized  and  installed  a  complete  statistical  service  for  a 
commodity  section.  In  other  instances  it  cooperated  in  establishing 
joint  statistical  offices  representing  commodity  sections  of  the  board 
and  other  war  agencies.  (6)  The  Questionnaire  Section  was  charged 
with  the  task  of  affording  relief  to  manufacturers  from  the  growing 
burden  of  answering  questionnaires.  An  order  of  August  12,  1918, 
required  that  all  questionnaires  sent  out  by  any  branch  of  the  board 
should  first  be  submitted  to  the  section.  A  special  service  of  the  divi¬ 
sion  was  the  preparation  for  the  President  of  a  conspectus  of  prog¬ 
ress  in  the  accomplishment  of  the  supply  program,  with  weekly 
supplements. 


Publications 

American  Industry  in  the  War,  a  Report  of  the  War  Industries 
Board,  by  Bernard  M.  Baruch,  Chairman  (Washington,  1921,  421 
pages).  An  official  record  of  the  activities  of  the  board  with  expla¬ 
nations  of  the  principles  and  policies  by  which  it  functioned,  together 
with  a  discussion  of  the  place  occupied  in  the  war  by  each  of  the  lead¬ 
ing  industries.  The  numerous  appendices  contain  lists  of  the  war  service 
committees  and  of  their  personnel,  and  much  documentary  and  statisti¬ 
cal  material. 

Industrial  America  in  the  World  War,  by  Grosvenor  B.  Clarkson 
(Boston  and  New  York,  1923,  573  pages).  The  author  was  appointed 
secretary  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense  in  March,  1917,  and 


342 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


subsequently  became  the  director  of  that  body.  His  volume  is  a  re¬ 
view  of  the  evolution,  organization,  and  operation  of  the  board  and  its 
divisions.  [Unofficial.] 

The  United  States  War  Industries  Board,  an  Outline  of  the  Board's 
Origin,  Functions,  and  Organization  (Washington,  1918,  52  pages). 
Contains  an  organization  chart. 

Members  of  the  War  Industries  Board  Organization  (Washington, 
1919,  39  pages).  Part  I  lists  the  members  alphabetically,  with  position 
in  the  board  and  former  business  of  each  stated  opposite  his  name.  Part 
II  lists  the  members  by  States  and  cities. 

Directory  of  the  War  Industries  Board  (Washington,  1918,  46 
pages).  Part  I,  the  board  and  its  main  divisions;  part  II,  commodity 
and  miscellaneous  sections ;  part  III,  alphabetical  personnel  section ; 
part  IV,  alphabetical  commodity  and  materials  sections ;  part  V,  clear¬ 
ance  schedule. 

Rules  and  Regulations  of  the  Priorities  Division,  September  21,  1917, 
to  December  20,  1918,  are  contained  in  a  series  of  sixty  circulars,  and 
these  are  preserved  in  a  bound  volume  in  the  Library  of  Congress. 

Schedule  of  Maximum  Prices,  Hides,  and  Shims  (Washington,  1918, 
23  and  28  pages)  is  the  title  of  two  pamphlets  issued  by  the  Hide, 
Leather,  and  Tanning  Materials  Section.  The  one  contains  the  schedule 
of  prices  for  August,  September,  and  October,  1918 ;  the  other,  the 
schedule  for  November  and  December,  1918,  and  January,  1919. 

The  fifty-seven  price  bulletins  prepared  by,  or  in  cooperation 
with,  the  Division  of  Planning  and  Statistics  and  published  under 
the  general  title  of  History  of  Prices  during  the  War  are  as  fol¬ 
lows  : 

1.  Summary,  by  Wesley  C.  Mitchell  (96  pages). 

2.  International  Price  Comparisons,  by  Wesley  C.  Mitchell,  Margaret  L. 
Goldsmith,  and  Florence  K.  Middaugh  (395  pages). 

3.  Government  Control  over  Prices,  by  Paul  Willard  Garrett,  Isador  Lu- 
bin,  and  Stella  Stewart  (834  pages).  Part  I,  the  problems  that  led  the  gov¬ 
ernment  into  price  control;  part  II,  the  administration  of  price  controls  dur¬ 
ing  the  war:  the  Food  Administration,  the  Fuel  Administration,  the  War 
Industries  Board,  the  War  Trade  Board,  the  War  Department,  the  Navy  De¬ 
partment,  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  the  Federal  Trade  Commission, 
and  the  basis  for  determining  a  fixed  price. 

4.  Prices  of  Foods,  by  Murray  S.  Wildman  (19  pages). 

5.  Prices  of  Clothing,  by  John  M.  Curran  (20  pages). 

6.  Prices  of  Building  Materials,  by  Homer  Hoyt  (19  pages). 

7.  Prices  of  Chemicals,  by  F.  E.  Breithut  (31  pages). 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


343 


8.  Prices  of  Feed  and  Forage,  by  Lloyd  W.  Maxwell  (21  pages). 

9.  Prices  of  Wheat  and  Wheat  Products,  by  Paul  E.  Peltason  (22  pages). 

10.  Prices  of  Corn  and  Corn  Products,  by  Harry  F.  Bruning  (19  pages). 

11.  Prices  of  Oats,  Rice,  Buckwheat,  and  their  Products,  by  Harley  R.  Wil¬ 
lard  (23  pages). 

12.  Prices  of  Barley,  Hops,  Rye,  and  their  Products,  by  Lloyd  W.  Maxwell 
(17  pages). 

13.  Prices  of  Sugar  and  Related  Products,  by  Frank  F.  Anderson  (23 
pages). 

14.  Prices  of  Vegetables  and  Truck,  by  Murray  S.  Wildman  (18  pages). 

15.  Prices  of  Edible  Vegetable  Oils.  Anonymous  (16  pages). 

16.  Prices  of  Fruits,  Nuts,  and  Wine.  Anonymous  (15  pages). 

17.  Prices  of  Spices  and  Condiments,  by  Debora  E.  Wood  (12  pages). 

18.  Prices  of  Tea,  Coffee,  and  Cocoa,  by  Lloyd  L.  Shaulis  (18  pages). 

19.  Prices  of  Tobacco  and  Tobacco  Products,  by  Lloyd  L.  Shaulis  (20 
pages). 

20.  Prices  of  Live  Stock,  Meats,  and  Fats,  by  William  A.  Barber  (44 
pages). 

21.  Prices  of  Poultry  and  Dairy  Products,  by  William  A.  Barber  (35 
pages). 

22.  Prices  of  Fish  and  Oysters,  by  Irma  H.  Hotehkiss  (20  pages). 

23.  Prices  of  Cotton  and  Cotton  Products,  by  James  Harvey  Rogers, 
Graee  M.  Fairchild,  and  Florence  A.  Dickinson  (57  pages). 

24.  Prices  of  Wool  and  Wool  Products,  by  Katharine  Snodgrass  (53 
pages). 

25.  Prices  of  Silk  and  Silk  Products,  by  Oscar  B.  Ryder  (49  pages). 

26.  Prices  of  Hides  and  Skins  and  their  Products,  by  A.  E.  James  and 
L.  B.  Kagan  (49  pages). 

27.  Prices  of  Hatter’s  Fur  and  Fur  Felt  Hats,  by  J.  Linden  Heacock  (13 
pages). 

28.  Prices  of  Hair,  Bristles,  and  Feathers,  by  J.  Linden  Heacock  (19 
pages). 

29.  Prices  of  Buttons,  by  J.  M.  Curran  (22  pages). 

30.  Prices  of  Rubber  and  Rubber  Products,  by  Isador  Lubin  (35  pages). 

31.  Prices  of  Paper,  by  W.  A.  Averill  (25  pages). 

32.  Prices  of  Fibers  and  Fiber  Products,  by  Jane  Coates  (29  pages). 

33.  Prices  of  Iron,  Steel,  and  their  Products,  by  Walter  W.  Stewart  (46 
pages). 

34.  Prices  of  Ferroalloys,  Non-ferrous  and  Rare  Metals,  by  H.  R.  Aldrich 
and  Jacob  Schmuckler  (92  pages). 

35.  Prices  of  Coal  and  Coke,  by  C.  E.  Lesher  (115  pages). 

36.  Prices  of  Petroleum  and  its  Products,  by  Joseph  E.  Pogue  and  Isador 
Lubin  (55  pages). 

37.  Prices  of  Matches,  by  Mary  L.  Danforth  (9  pages). 

38.  Prices  of  Clay  Products,  by  Homer  Hoyt  (20  pages). 


344 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


39.  Prices  of  Sand  and  Gravel,  by  W.  J.  Kotsrean  (8  pages). 

40.  Prices  of  Quarry  Products,  by  Homer  Hoyt  (15  pages). 

41.  Prices  of  Cement,  by  Homer  Hoyt  (11  pages). 

42.  Prices  of  Glass,  by  Viva  B.  Boothe  (11  pages). 

43.  Prices  of  Lumber,  by  R.  C.  Bryant  (112  pages). 

44.  Prices  of  Paints  and  Varnishes,  by  Arthur  Minnick  (25  pages). 

45.  Prices  of  Mineral  Acids,  by  H.  L.  Lewenberg  (18  pages). 

46.  Prices  of  Heavy  Chemicals,  by  H.  L.  Lewenberg  (20  pages). 

47.  Prices  of  Miscellaneous  Inorganic  Chemicals,  by  W.  B.  Meldrum  (24 
pages). 

48.  Prices  of  Fertilizers,  by  H.  L.  TrumbuU  (21  pages). 

49.  Prices  of  Soaps  and  Glycerin,  by  H.  L.  Trumbull  (20  pages). 

50.  Prices  of  Essential  Oils,  Flavoring  and  Perfumery  Materials,  by  W.  B. 
Meldrum  (21  pages). 

51.  Prices  of  Wood  Distillation  Products  and  Naval  Stores,  by  P.  W. 
Carleton  (16  pages). 

52.  Prices  of  Natural  Dyestuffs  and  Tanning  Chemicals,  by  P.  W.  Carle- 
ton  (15  pages). 

53.  Prices  of  Coal-Tar  Crudes,  Intermediates,  and  Dyes,  by  Webster  N. 
Jones  and  F.  W.  Cassebeer  (32  pages). 

54.  Prices  of  Drugs  and  Pharmaceuticals,  by  W.  Lee  Lewis  and  F.  W. 
Cassebeer  (24  pages). 

55.  Prices  of  Proprietary  Preparations,  by  W.  Lee  Lewis  and  F.  W.  Casse¬ 
beer  (13  pages). 

56.  Prices  of  Explosives,  by  C.  L.  Fry  (26  pages). 

57.  Prices  of  Miscellaneous  Organic  Chemicals,  by  Arthur  Minnik  (18 
pages). 


Mimeographed  Material 

The  Library  of  Congress  has  assembled  a  small  body  of  mimeo¬ 
graphed  material  which  embraces  the  following. 

Weekly  Review.  The  nine  numbers  of  this  paper,  issued  each  Tuesday  from 
September  28  to  November  23,  1918,  by  the  secretary’s  office,  constitute  a  vol¬ 
ume  of  97  pages.  Each  number  contained  an  announcement  of  policies  and  a 
summary  of  the  more  important  activities  of  the  board,  its  divisions,  and  sec¬ 
tions.  The  paper  was  primarily  for  confidential  use  within  the  offices  of  the 
board  organization  and  for  other  departments  of  the  government  whose  work 
brought  them  in  contact  with  the  board. 

Advice  Sheet.  The  advice  sheet  was  devoted  to  information  and  instruc¬ 
tions.  It  was  issued,  as  occasion  required,  by  the  Requirements  Division  to 
the  chiefs  of  the  commodity  sections.  Numbers  1  to  45,  only  one  of  more 
than  one  page,  were  issued  from  May  24  to  November  23,  1918. 

Bulletins  to  Regional  Advisors.  These  bulletins  contained  information  rela¬ 
tive  to  policies  as  well  as  requirements  and  occasional  suggestions  for  the 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


345 


direction  of  industries.  They  were  issued,  numbers  1  to  39,  by  the  Re¬ 
sources  and  Conversion  Section  of  the  Requirements  Division  from  Septem¬ 
ber  4  to  November  16,  1918. 

Industrial  Conversions.  Two  reports,  one  dated  July  6,  1918,  and  the  other 
October  24,  1918,  contain  lists  of  industrial  conversions  from  normal  business 
to  war  work.  Column  1  contains  names  and  addresses,  in  column  2  the  normal 
business  of  each  is  stated,  and  in  column  3  the  war-time  conversion. 

Office  Review.  Thirty-one  numbers  of  this  review,  dated  from  February  28 
to  November  11,  1918,  and  making  a  volume  of  214  pages,  were  issued 
through  the  office  of  the  Executive  Secretary,  Priorities  Division,  to  dissemi¬ 
nate  information  that  would  be  of  assistance  in  administering  priorities,  to 
acquaint  members  of  the  board  organization  with  the  decisions  reached  in 
order  to  insure  uniformity  of  action,  to  preserve  for  reference  a  concise, 
accurate  record  of  the  decisions  and  activities  of  the  division,  and  to  sum¬ 
marize  and  review  the  several  Office  Bulletins. 

Office  Bulletins.  These  bulletins  constitute  a  body  of  rules  and  regulations 
of  the  Priorities  Committee.  Twenty-six  of  them  were  issued  from  December 
27,  1917,  to  May  3,  1918. 

Price-Fixing  Bulletins.  A  series  of  thirteen  bulletins,  by  the  Price  Section 
of  the  Bureau  of  Planning  and  Statistics,  designed  to  keep  interested  persons 
informed  concerning  the  price-fixing  actions  of  the  government.  Each  bulletin 
contains  a  condensed  tabular  statement  and  the  detailed  schedules  of  prices 
adopted  by  the  various  price-fixing  agencies. 

1.  Non-ferrous  Metals  (August,  1918,  22  pages). 

2.  Rubber  (August,  1918,  8  pages). 

3.  Chemicals  and  Explosives  (September,  1918,  23  pages). 

4.  Rags  (September,  1918,  20  pages). 

6.  Lumber  and  Building  Materials  (September,  1918,  64  pages). 

6.  Manganese  (September,  1918,  6  pages). 

7.  Platinum  Metals  (October,  1918,  6  pages). 

8.  Textiles  and  Fibers  (October,  1918,  49  pages). 

9.  Paper  (October,  1918,  10  pages). 

10.  Iron  and  Steel  (November,  1918,  8  pages). 

11.  Fuels  (November,  1918,  36  pages). 

12.  Hides,  Skins,  Leather,  and  Tanning  Extracts  (December,  1918,  51  pages). 

13.  Food  (December,  1918,  21  pages). 

Wholesale  Price  Bulletins.  These  constitute  another  series  of  bulletins  by 
the  Priee  Section  of  the  Bureau  of  Planning  and  Statisties.  They  contain 
wholesale  market  quotations  by  months,  quarters,  and  years,  1913-1918,  upon 
groups  of  eommodities  within  which  there  was  price  regulation,  and  show  the 
relation  of  war  priees  to  pre-war  priees. 

1.  Non-ferrous  Metals  (August,  1918,  23  pages). 

2.  Rubber  (August,  1918,  12  pages). 

3.  Chemicals  (September,  1918,  37  pages). 

4.  Rags  (September,  1918,  20  pages). 

6.  Iron  and  Steel  (November,  1918,  66  pages). 


346 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


6.  Building  Materials  (other  than  lumber)  (November,  1918,  27  pages). 

7.  Cordage  Fibers  (November,  1918,  20  pages). 

8.  Fertilizer  (November,  1918,  33  pages). 

9.  Wool  and  Woolen  Goods  (December,  1918,  44  pages). 

10.  Fluctuations  of  Controlled  and  Uncontrolled  Prices  (December,  1918,  64  pages). 

Boots  and  Shoes  (December,  1918),  by  the  Price  Section,  is  a  bulletin  of 
somewhat  different  content.  Part  I  reviews  the  price  regulations  and  other 
government  control  of  boots  and  shoes  in  the  United  States  during  the  war. 
Part  II  reviews  the  war-time  control  of  the  industry  in  Great  Britain,  France, 
Italy,  Switzerland,  Holland,  Germany,  and  Austria  Hungary. 

A  Comparison  of  Prices  during  the  Civil  War  and  Present  War  (No¬ 
vember,  1918),  by  the  same  section,  makes  comparisons  by  single  com¬ 
modities  and  commodity  groups,  briefly  discusses  the  economic  factors 
affecting  prices  during  the  two  wars,  and  summarizes  what  the  compari¬ 
son  shows. 

Records^ 

Each  of  the  eighty-odd  units  of  the  War  Industries  Board  kept  its 
files  in  its  own  way,  and  there  was  no  central  file  for  the  board  or¬ 
ganization  as  a  whole.  Some  papers  were  filed  alphabetically,  others 
were  filed  numerically.  Some  units  kept  a  subject  file ;  others  kept  a 
combination  of  alphabetic,  numerical,  and  subject  files.  In  the  alpha¬ 
betic  files  sometimes  the  writer  and  sometimes  the  addressee  supplied 
the  file  key.  In  the  performance  of  their  functions  there  was  fre¬ 
quently  a  complicated  inter-relation  between  finished  products  and 
raw  materials,  commodity  units  and  functional  units,  and  as  a  conse¬ 
quence  of  this  inter-relation  there  was  reference  of  correspondence 
from  one  unit  to  another  until  the  papers  constituting  contributory 
evidence  in  a  particular  case  were  scattered  through  the  files  of  many 
units.  However  satisfactorily  the  records  may  have  operated  while 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  individual  units,  they  became  an  inco¬ 
herent  mass  of  approximately  3,000,000  pieces  when  those  units 
ceased  functioning  and  the  file  operators  had  departed. 

Prior  to  the  dissolution  of  the  War  Industries  Board  the  records 
of  the  Aircraft  Production  Board,  of  the  Wood  Chemicals  Section, 

^  For  a  brief  survey  of  the  records  of  the  War  Industries  Board  see  the 
fourth  Annual  Report  of  the  United  States  Council  of  National  Defense 
(Washington,  1920,  pp.  74-88).  Material  for  the  survey  which  follows  in  this 
volume,  as  comprehensive  as  conditions  would  permit,  was  compiled,  through 
the  courtesy  of  officers  of  the  War  Department,  by  Miss  Adelaide  R.  Hasse, 
who  from  1919  to  1923  had  charge  of  the  organization  of  the  records. 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


347 


and  of  the  Supplies  Committee  were  transferred  to  different  services 
of  the  War  Department.  Those  of  the  Wool  Division  were  trans¬ 
ferred  to  the  Bureau  of  Markets,  Department  of  Agriculture,  by 
the  executive  order  of  December  31,  1918,  dissolving  the  board.  In 
conformity  with  the  same  order  practically  all  other  extant  records 
of  the  board  were  assembled  in  the  custody  of  the  liquidating  officer, 
where  they  remained  until  July  22,  1918,  when,  by  executive  order, 
the  President  directed,  “that  all  records  and  files  of  the  War  Indus¬ 
tries  Board  now  in  the  custody  of  the  liquidating  officer  of  the 
board  be  turned  over  to  the  Council  of  National  Defense  to  be  cata¬ 
logued  so  that  a  permanent  record  can  be  made,  particularly  with 
regard  to  their  bearing  on  Council  of  National  Defense  matters, 
and  that  a  distribution  of  these  records  shall  then  be  made  to  the 
permanent  departments  most  directly  interested  in  them.”  The 
Council  of  National  Defense  ceased  to  function  June  30,  1921,  and 
the  following  day  the  records  of  the  board  were  placed  in  the  cus¬ 
tody  of  the  Assistant  Secretary  of  War  in  accordance  with  an  execu¬ 
tive  order  of  April  21, 1921. 

The  problem  of  “cataloguing”  or  organizing  the  files  “so  that  a 
permanent  record  can  be  made”  involved  mainly  the  effecting  of  such 
coordination  that  all  the  correspondence,  reports,  etc.,  concerning 
a  given  matter  might  be  located  by  means  of  segregation  and  a  card 
index. 


General  Administrative  File 

The  administrative  file,  by  far  the  most  important  of  the  board’s 
files,  contains  a  large  body  of  records  particularly  pertinent  to  this 
survey.  It  includes  minutes  of  meetings,  rulings,  questionnaires,  form 
communications,  bulletins,  final  reports,  weekly  and  monthly  reports, 
special  reports,  industrial  surveys,  reconstruction  data,  office  memo¬ 
randa,  circulars,  and  other  administrative  matter  issuing  from  divi¬ 
sions,  sections,  and  committees. 

Minutes  of  Meetings.  The  meetings  for  which  minutes  were  kept 
number  nearly  2000  and  cover  the  period  from  February  4,  1917,  to 
February  27,  1919.  They  were  of  two  kinds:  (1)  unit  meetings  and 
(2)  meetings  with  representatives  of  some  trade  or  industry.  The  min¬ 
utes  of  the  General  Munitions  Board  (April  4  to  August  9,  1917)  are 
in  two  volumes ;  those  of  the  War  Industries  Board  (August  1,  1917,  to 
January  23,  1919)  are  in  5  volumes;  and  those  of  the  Price  Fixing 


348 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Committee  (March  14  to  February  27,  1919)  are  in  11  volumes.  Trade 
customs,  trade  stimulation,  conversion,  fuel,  and  raw-material  require¬ 
ments  were  topics  of  discussion,  and  the  meetings  were  a  large  factor  in 
shaping  the  conclusions  of  the  War  Industries  Board  units  relative  to 
rulings.  The  minutes  are  card-indexed  in  triplicate :  by  originating  unit, 
by  date,  and  by  subject. 

Rulings.  Other  executive  and  administrative  agencies  published  their 
war-time  rulings,  but  those  of  the  War  Industries  Board,  with  the  ex¬ 
ception  of  those  of  the  Priorities  Division,  were  not  so  much  as  as¬ 
sembled  until  after  the  close  of  the  war.  The  administrative  file  now 
(1923)  has  a  collection  that  is  nearly  complete. 

Questionnaires.  The  questionnaires  of  the  War  Industries  Board 
were  chiefly  for  the  purpose  of  gathering  information  relative  to  the 
consumption  of  raw  materials  in  the  manufacture  of  war  essentials  and 
facilities  for  such  manufacture.  About  five  hundred  of  them  have  been 
assembled  and  the  returns  to  some  of  them  are  very  bulky. 

Form  Communications.  Many  of  these  were  not  so  perfunctory  as 
the  term  implies.  They  consist  of  both  letters  and  telegrams  but  tele¬ 
grams  are  the  more  numerous.  Some  of  them  amounted,  in  effect,  to 
allocations.  Those  sent  out  by  the  chief  of  the  Machine  Tool  Section 
inaugurated  the  production  of  certain  tools  for  war  purposes,  and  they 
show  which  manufacturers  were  called  upon  for  such  production. 

Bulletins.  Besides  the  bulletins  mentioned  under  mimeographed  mate¬ 
rial  in  the  Library  of  Congress  are  five  series  of  commodity  bulletias 
that  were  issued  monthly:  (1)  Non-ferrous  metals,  August  and  Septem¬ 
ber,  1918;  (2)  Minerals,  November  and  December,  1918;  (5)  Textiles 
and  fibers,  October,  1918;  (6)  Lumber,  August  and  September,  1918; 
(8)  Rubber,  August  and  November,  1918.  Series  3,  4,  and  7  were  not 
issued.  Two  series  of  bulletins  of  a  statistical  nature  were  issued  by  the 
Joint  Office  on  Chemical  Statistics  in  which  the  War  Department  and 
Navy  Department  as  well  as  the  War  Industries  Board  were  repre¬ 
sented. 

Final  Reports.  Each  major  and  minor  unit  of  the  War  Industries 
Board  submitted  a  final  report  of  its  activities  and  the  contents  of  these 
reports  constitute  a  body  of  material  of  prime  importance. 

Weekly  and  Monthly  Reports.  The  great  majority  of  units  made 
reports  of  this  nature.  In  effect,  they  are  minutes,  constituting  a  cur¬ 
rent  record  of  activities.  It  is  from  these  reports  that  the  origin  and 
conclusion  of  much  of  the  unit  activity  can  be  traced. 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


349 


Special  Reports.  There  are  special  reports  by  various  units  that 
were  based  upon  particular  investigations,  and  there  are  special  reports 
on  various  subjects  by  the  several  commodity  sections  that  were  made 
at  the  request  of  the  functional  divisions.  Particular  attention  is  di¬ 
rected  to  the  following: 

1.  Power  Reports  by  the  Power  Section.  These  exist  in  manuscript  only, 
but  have  been  used  in  the  report  by  Colonel  Charles  Keller  on  The  Power 
Situation  during  the  War  (Washington,  1921,  300  pages).  A  partial  list  of 
these  reports  embraces : 

California:  Great  Western  Power  Co.,  Pacific  Gas  and  Electric  Co.,  San 
Joaquin  Light  and  Power  Corporation,  Sierra  and  San  Francisco  Power  Co., 
Southern  California  Edison  Co. 

Illinois:  Central  Illinois  Public  Service  Co.,  East  Saint  Louis  Light  and 
Power  Co.,  Power  Situation  of  Peoria,  Properties  Owned  and  Controlled  by 
Illinois  Traction  System. 

Iowa:  Power  Situation  of  Keokuk. 

Maryland:  Power  Situation  of  Baltimore  and  Vicinity. 

Missouri:  Laclede  Gas  Light  Co.,  Union  Electric  Light  and  Power  Co. 

New  England:  Distribution  of  Steam,  Electric,  and  Hydro-Electric  Power 
in  New  England,  New  England  Power  Situation. 

New  York:  Power  Situation  in  the  Niagara-Buffalo  District,  Power  Situa¬ 
tion  at  Utica  and  Adjacent  Territory. 

North  Carolina  and  South  Carolina:  Carolina  Power  and  Light  Co.,  Caro¬ 
lina  Gas  and  Electric  Co.,  North  Carolina  Electrical  Power  Co.,  Southern 
Power  Co.,  Yadkin  River  Power  Co. 

Ohio:  Power  Situation,  Lima  District. 

Pennsylvania:  Duquesne  Light  Co.,  Paupack  Water  Power  Project,  Phila¬ 
delphia  and  Suburban  Gas  and  Electric  Co.,  Power  Situation  at  Erie,  West 
Pennsylvania  Power  Co. 

2.  Commodity  Reports  by  the  Division  of  Planning  and  Statistics: 

(a)  Mineral  Balance  Sheets.  These  were  commenced  as  a  monthly  issue. 
They  show  for  each  mineral  the  1917  deliveries,  sources  of  supply,  and  the 
1918  deliveries  through  July.  They  were  actually  issued  only  in  October  and 
November,  1918. 

(b)  Special  Reports  for  the  Price  Fixing  Committee.  These  are  a  series 
of  twenty-nine  special  studies  for  the  use  of  the  committee  only:  (1)  Sand 
and  gravel;  (2)  Spruce  lumber;  (3)  Packer  hides;  (4)  Bleaching  powders; 
(5)  Chestnut  extraet ;  (6)  Carbon  tetrachloride;  (7)  Caustic  soda;  (8)  Soda 
ash;  (9)  Sulphur;  (10)  Formaldehyde;  (11)  Nitric  acid;  (12)  Acetic  acid; 
(13)  Fluorspar;  (14)  Wood  alcohol;  (15)  Mohair;  (16)  Supplement  to  No. 
13;  (17)  Iron  and  steel;  (18)  Southern  pine;  (19)  Cotton  manufactures; 
(20)  Brick;  (21)  Quicksilver;  (22)  Douglas  fir;  (23)  Wool  grease;  (24) 
Rags;  (25)  Rosin;  (26)  Turpentine;  (27)  Hemlock;  (28)  Lumber;  (29) 
Wire  rope. 


350 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


(c)  Miscellaneous  Commodity  Price  Reports.  Nineteen  of  these  were  is¬ 
sued  at  irregular  intervals:  (1)  Casein;  (2)  Imported  cigarette  paper;  (3) 
Light  Mexican  crude  oil;  (4)  Hemlock  lumber;  (5)  Side  leather;  (6) 
Egyptian  cotton;  (7)  Tobacco,  cigarettes,  and  snuff;  (8)  Soda  nitrate;  (9) 
Sea-island  cotton;  (10)  Rags;  (11)  Flax  seed;  (12)  Cocoanut;  (13)  Bur¬ 
lap;  (14)  Spruce;  (15)  Lumber;  (16)  Paper;  (17)  Wool  and  woolen  goods; 
(18)  Comparison  of  prices  during  the  Civil  War  and  present  war;  (19) 
Comparison  of  governmental  fixed  prices  with  current  market  quotations  on 
price  regulated  commodities. 

(d)  Miscellaneous  Series  Reports.  These  consist  of  twenty-one  reports  on 
various  studies :  ( 1 )  Supply  and  requirements  for  commodities  entering  into 
the  military  program  (the  “Stettinius  Report”).  In  this  document  sixty-five 
commodities  are  included  and  tabulated  as  to  consumption  from  1913  to 
1917,  inclusive,  the  situation  in  1918  as  to  stocks,  the  military  requirements 
of  the  United  States  and  the  allies,  and  the  probable  production.  (2)  Schedule 
of  information  requested  from  each  country  by  the  Program  Committee  on 
Paper.  (3)  Preliminary  report  on  the  automobile  industry.  This  shows  the 
extent  to  which  the  industry  entered  the  war  program  and  lists  seventy-one 
articles  other  than  automobiles  that  were  produced  for  war  purposes  by 
automobile  manufacturers.  (4)  Soft  drink  industry.  (5)  Memorandum  re¬ 
garding  wrist  watches  purchased  in  Switzerland.  (6)  Organization  of  a 
thrift  campaign.  (7)  Data  on  the  Swiss  Agreement.  (8)  Distribution  of 
rosin.  (9)  Iron  and  steel  requirements.  (10)  Finished  products  of  iron  and 
steel,  (ll)  Second  report  of  progress  of  subcommittee  on  non-essential  in¬ 
dustries.  (12)  Memorandum  on  naval  stores.  (13)  Iron  and  steel  production 
and  requirements.  (14)  Production  of  building  materials  for  civilian  consump¬ 
tion.  (16)  Production  of  lumber  for  civilian  consumption.  (16)  The  Swiss 
Agreement.  (17)  Final  memorandum  on  curtailment  of  industries.  (18)  Iron 
and  steel  products.  (19)  Cars  and  locomotives  and  the  world  situation.  (20) 
Commodity  Survey — chemicals,  a  comprehensive  report  covering  ninety-one 
of  the  principal  articles  handled  by  the  Chemical  Division  of  the  War  Indus¬ 
tries  Board.  (21)  Report  on  the  Demand  for  Labor. 

3.  Reports  on  Special  Subjects  by  the  Statistical  Division  (predecessor  of 
the  Division  of  Planning  and  Statistics).  These  reports  are  numbered  1  to 
88  but  only  the  following  have  been  located:  (13)  On  Locomotive  Plants; 
(21)  List  of  Iron  and  Steel  Producers  and  Annual  Capacity  of  Each;  (25) 
Mineral  Supplies  of  the  Central  Powers;  (27)  Minimum  Necessary  Imports 
of  Copper  and  Quicksilver;  (30)  Do.  of  Lead,  Zinc,  Antimony,  and  Tin; 
(32)  Do.  of  Molybdenum,  Tungsten,  Nickel,  and  Cobalt;  (33)  Do.  of  Abra¬ 
sives,  Fullers  Earth,  Clay,  and  Mineral  Waters;  (34)  Do.  of  Nitrates,  Fer¬ 
tilizers,  Sand,  Gypsum,  Salt,  Magnesite,  Stone,  and  Lime;  (64)  Enemy  Aliens 
in  Munitions  Factories;  (62)  Claims  of  Increased  Wage  Cost  of  Harness; 
(63)  Quicksilver  Situation;  (65)  Clothing  Contracts;  (69)  Distribution  of 
2381  Firms  Holding  War  Contracts;  (70)  Essential  Articles  Purchased  by 
Army  Corps;  (71)  Distribution  of  Outstanding  War  Orders  for  Trucks  and 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


351 


Automobiles  Placed  by  the  United  States  and  the  Allies;  (74)  Raw  Mate¬ 
rials  Situation  in  the  United  States  on  December  28,  1917;  (75)  Conflict  of 
Interest  between  the  United  States  and  the  Allies  in  Mineral  Raw  Mate¬ 
rials;  (76)  British  Industries  Converted  to  Meet  War  Needs;  (77)  Smoke¬ 
less  Powder  Requirements  and  Probable  Production;  (78)  Essential  Indus¬ 
tries  in  Great  Britain  during  the  War;  (84)  Industrial  Conversion  in  France 
during  the  War;  (85)  Concerning  War  Contracts  in  France;  (87)  Wood¬ 
working  Industries  in  England,  France  and  Germany  and  Their  Conversion 
to  Meet  War  Needs;  (88)  British,  French,  and  German  Industries  Con¬ 
verted  to  Meet  War  Needs. 

4.  Cost  of  Production  or  Operation  Reports.  These  were  based  on  studies 
for  the  War  Industries  Board  by  the  Federal  Trade  Commission  and  other 
government  agencies.  Among  the  commodities  covered  are  aluminum,  alka¬ 
line  chemicals,  army  duck,  birch  veneer,  brick,  building  tile,  cartridge  cloth, 
cast-iron  pipe,  charcoal,  chestnut-wood  extract,  cigarettes  and  tobacco,  coke, 
pig  iron  and  steel,  copper,  copper  castings,  cotton  compression,  cotton  goods, 
cotton  linters,  cypress  lumber,  fir,  gypsum,  plaster  board,  hardware,  hemlock 
lumber,  leather,  millwork,  mohair,  paper,  pine,  portland  cement,  sand,  gravel 
and  crushed  stone,  spruce  lumber,  steel  rails,  soda  ash,  sulphuric  acid,  wood 
chemicals,  woolen  goods,  wool  grease,  and  zinc. 

5.  Condition  of  Industry  Report.  This  report  was  made  pursuant  to  a 
notice  of  the  Requirements  Division  of  July  9,  1918,  printed  in  its  Advice 
Sheet  No.  S5.  The  notice  was  the  result  of  a  request  emanating  from  the 
chairman  of  the  War  Industries  Board  and  made  at  a  meeting  of  commodity 
chiefs  held  July  8,  1918.  It  was  desired  that  each  commodity  chief  submit 
a  report  respecting  the  industry  with  which  he  was  concerned  as  to  its  present 
condition,  the  present  and  prospective  needs  of  the  government,  normal  pro¬ 
duction,  present  stoeks,  prospective  condition,  and  civilian  needs.  The  chiefs 
of  the  following  commodity  sections  responded:  Acids  and  Heavy  Chemicals, 
Artificial  and  Vegetable  Dyes,  Chain,  Chemical  Glass  and  Stoneware,  Cotton 
Goods,  Electrical  and  Power  Equipment,  Electrodes  and  Abrasives,  Felt, 
Hardware  and  Hand  Tools,  Harness,  Jute,  Hemp  and  Cordage,  Knit  Goods, 
Medical,  Mica,  Military  Optical  Glass,  Non-ferrous  Metals,  Paint  and  Pig¬ 
ment,  Railway  Equipment,  Refractories,  Tanning  Materials,  Technical  and 
Consulting,  Tin,  Tobacco,  Toluol,  Vehicle,  Agricultural  Implements  and 
Wood  Products,  and  Woolens. 

6.  Status  of  Industry  Report  (“Legge  Report”).  In  October,  1918,  the 
chairman  of  the  Requirements  Division,  Mr.  Alex  Legge,  went  abroad  to 
confer  with  the  members  of  the  War  Industries  Board’s  Foreign  Mission. 
Before  his  departure  he  requested  each  commodity  chief  to  provide  him  with 
a  report  on  the  status  of  the  industry  with  which  he  was  concerned,  in  order 
that  the  members  of  the  mission  might  have  recent  and  complete  information. 
The  chiefs  of  forty-six  of  the  commodity  sections  responded  and  their  re¬ 
ports  are  quite  specific  as  to  the  industrial  situation.  They  comprise  informa¬ 
tion  on  such  factors  as: 


352 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Capacity,  production,  uses,  distribution,  and  shortage  concerning  the  fol¬ 
lowing:  sulphuric  acid,  acetylene,  ammonia,  benzol,  carbon  dioxide,  caus¬ 
tic  soda,  chlorine  compounds,  cyanamide,  hydrogen,  oxygen,  rare  gases, 
saccharine,  toluol,  xylol,  creosote,  ethyl  alcohol,  cobalt,  chromite,  ferro- 
silicon,  manganese,  molybdenum,  tungsten,  vanadium,  zirconium,  chemical 
glass,  chemical  stoneware,  asbestos,  magnesia,  rutile,  electrodes,  abrasives, 
white  arsenic,  bromine,  camphor,  metallic  magnesium,  mica,  shellac,  varnish 
gums,  rosin,  flax  seed,  linseed  oil,  platinum,  clays,  fluorspar,  sulphur,  barium 
chlorate,  glycerin,  acetate  of  lime,  wood  alcohol,  acetic  acid,  insecticides, 
chloroform,  motor  trucks,  copper  and  brass  manufactured  products,  terra 
cotta,  asphalt,  brick,  gypsum,  cement,  chains,  cotton  linters,  cotton  goods, 
cranes,  electric  wire  and  cable,  smokeless  powder  and  guncotton,  ammonium 
nitrate,  nitrate  of  soda,  TNT,  felt,  hides  and  skins,  manila  rope,  kapoc, 
military  optical  glass,  high-pressure  cylinders,  forgings,  pig  iron,  shell  steel, 
steel  plates  and  sheets,  structural  steel,  tin  plates,  tubes,  barbed  wire,  wire 
rope,  paper,  pig  tin,  tobacco,  wood  products,  wool,  and  woolens. 

7.  “Business  as  Usual”  Report  (October,  1918).  When  the  “business  as 
usual”  charge  was  made  Mr.  Alex  Legge  asked  the  unit  chiefs  to  provide 
him  with  reports  with  which  to  refute  it.  The  chiefs  of  the  following  divi¬ 
sions  and  sections  responded:  Allied  Purchasing  Commission,  Steel,  Chemi¬ 
cals,  Acids  and  Heavy  Chemicals,  Alkali  and  Chlorine,  Artificial  Dyestuffs, 
Chemical  Glass  and  Stoneware,  Coal-gas  Products,  Creosote,  Electrodes  and 
Abrasives,  Ferro-alloys,  Fine  Chemicals,  Platinum,  Tanning  Materials,  Sul¬ 
phur  and  Pyrites,  Mica,  Woolens,  Technical,  and  Consulting. 

8.  Controlled  Industries  Report.  The  secretary  of  the  War  Industries 
Board,  in  August  and  again  in  October,  1918,  issued  a  memorandum  to 
commodity  chiefs  requesting  them  to  provide  him  with  copies  of  agreements 
made  with  industries  and  with  a  list  of  such  industries  under  their  particu¬ 
lar  jurisdiction  as  had  been  put  on  the  control  list.  The  chiefs  of  the  follow¬ 
ing  units  responded:  Crane,  Hide,  Leather  and  Leather  Goods,  Fine  Chemi¬ 
cals,  Finished  Products,  Medical,  Building  Materials,  Felt,  Hardware  and 
Hand  Tool,  Harness  and  Saddlery,  Inland  Traffic,  Military  Optical  Glass, 
Platinum,  and  Rubber.  A  mimeographed  summary  of  the  replies  is  filed  with 
the  report. 

9.  New  Industries  Report.  At  the  request  of  the  United  States  Chamber 
of  Commerce,  the  director  of  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Com¬ 
merce,  Department  of  Commerce,  called  upon  the  various  units  of  the  War 
Industries  Board,  in  November,  1918,  for  assistance  in  the  preparation  of  a 
report  on  articles  produced  on  a  commercial  scale  in  the  United  States  which 
were  not  so  produced  prior  to  1915.  The  chiefs  of  the  following  units  re¬ 
sponded:  Dye,  Automotive,  Chain,  Explosives,  Military  Optical  Glass,  Paint 
and  Pigment,  Vehicle,  Agricultural  Implements  and  Wood  Products,  Textile, 
Rubber  and  Rubber  Goods,  Hardware  and  Hand  Tool,  Industrial  Gases,  and 
Lumber. 

10.  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Industries  Reports.  These  are  statements  in 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


353 


the  nature  of  interviews,  one  for  each  of  several  industries,  conducted  for 
the  Requirements  Division. 

11.  A  report  by  Rear  Admiral  Frank  F.  Fletcher,  navy  representative  on 
the  War  Industries  Board,  on  the  functioning  of  the  board  with  the  Navy 
Department. 

Industrial  Surveys.  These  surveys  comprise  data,  assembled  by 
States  and  cities,  exhibiting  the  capacity  and  producing  equipment  of 
some  30,000  plants.  A  summary  tabulation  of  18,654)  firms,  classified 
geographically  and  by  equipment,  contains  such  items  as  union  or  non¬ 
union  shops,  number  of  employees,  enrollment  of  skilled  labor,  labora¬ 
tory  facilities,  shipping  facilities,  and  attitude  toward  possible  future 
contracts.  Several  locality  surveys  comprise  data  relative  to  manufac¬ 
turing  and  housing  facilities  and  labor  conditions.  Among  them  are  those 
of  Atlanta,  Ga.,  South  Bend,  Ind.,  Pontiac,  Mich.,  Minneapolis,  Minn., 
Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.,  Monroe,  N.  C.,  Akron,  Cincinnati,  Hamilton, 
Portsmouth,  and  Toledo,  O.,  Portland,  Ore.,  Erie  and  Wilkes-Barre, 
Pa.,  Charleston,  S.  C.,  Alexandria,  Va.,  Seattle  and  Spokane,  Wash., 
and  Racine,  Wis. 

“Calder  Resolution”  Correspondence.  On  September  11, 1918,  the 
chairman  of  the  War  Industries  Board  addressed  a  letter  to  the  mayor 
of  New  York,  suggesting  that  as  a  war  expediency,  the  construction  of 
new  school  buildings  be  postponed.  The  letter  was  the  occasion  of  a 
resolution  introduced  in  the  United  States  Senate  on  September  13, 
1918,  by  Senator  Calder,  challenging  the  authority  of  the  board  to  is¬ 
sue  orders  affecting  the  building  industry.  The  correspondence  arising 
out  of  the  incident  is  filed  with  the  records  of  the  chairman’s  office. 

Reconstruction  Program.  Early  in  November,  1918,  the  chairman 
of  the  War  Industries  Board  asked  the  chiefs  of  divisions  and  sections 
for  expressions  of  opinion,  respecting  the  functions  of  the  board  during 
the  readjustment  period.  The  heads  of  the  following  units  responded: 
Chemicals,  Acids  and  Heavy  Chemicals,  Alkali  and  Chlorine,  Artificial 
Dyes  and  Intermediates,  Fine  Chemicals,  Miscellaneous  Chemicals,  Auto¬ 
motive  Products,  Electrodes  and  Abrasives,  Felt,  Ferro-alloys,  Finished 
Products,  Chemical  Glass  and  Stoneware,  Coal-gas  Products,  Creosote, 
Conservation,  Cotton  Goods,  Hardware  and  Hand  Tool,  Hide  and 
Leather,  Iron  and  Steel  Scrap,  Lumber,  Medical,  Mica,  Military  Opti¬ 
cal  Glass,  Navy  Department,  Paint  and  Pigment,  Planning  and  Statis¬ 
tics,  Platinum,  Priorities,  Pulp  and  Paper,  Refractories,  Steel,  Textile 
and  Rubber,  Tanning  Materials,  Technical  and  Consulting,  Tobacco, 
Vehicle,  Agricultural  Implements  and  Wood  Products,  Resources  and 


354 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Conversion,  and  the  regional  advisers  at  Boston,  Philadelphia,  Pitts¬ 
burgh,  Rochester,  Cincinnati,  Atlanta,  Birmingham,  Chicago,  Mil¬ 
waukee,  St.  Louis,  and  Seattle. 

Office  Memoranda.  In  the  files  of  the  secretary  of  the  War  Indus¬ 
tries  Board  are  twenty-three  office  memoranda  of  one  or  two  pages  each 
on  the  following  subjects : 

(1)  August  19,  1918,  cooperation  between  commodity  sections  and  the  Re¬ 
sources  and  Conversion  Section;  (2)  August  26,  organization  and  functions 
of  the  Facilities  Division;  (3)  August  29,  appointment  of  certifying  officers 
for  furloughing  of  labor  and  others  engaged  in  important  war  work;  (4) 
September  9,  responsibility  of  section  chiefs  relative  to  prices;  (6)  Septem¬ 
ber  10,  registration  for  the  draft;  (6)  September  13,  applications  for  prefer¬ 
ential  treatment;  (7)  September  17,  appointment  of  “space  officer”;  (8) 
September  18,  conflict  in  times  of  meeting;  (9)  September  20,  trade  meet¬ 
ings;  (10)  September  23,  requesting  commodity  section  data;  (11)  Sep¬ 
tember  27,  digests  of  meetings  and  weekly  reports;  (12)  October  2,  con¬ 
trolled  industries;  (13)  October  7,  on  commodity  chiefs,  meetings;  (14) 
October  14,  cancellation  of  meetings;  (15)  October  16,  commodity  chiefs, 
meeting;  (16)  October  25,  U.S.  Official  Bulletin;  (17)  October  28,  distribu¬ 
tion  of  section  minutes  and  weekly  reports;  (18)  November  18,  preservation 
of  records;  (19)  November  22,  photograph  of  executives  of  the  War  Indus¬ 
tries  Board  organization;  (20)  November  25,  record  of  personnel;  (21)  No¬ 
vember  30,  preservation  of  records;  (22)  Not  located;  (23)  No  date,  final 
historical  report. 


Unit  Files 

Allied  Purchasing  Commission 

Upon  the  termination  of  the  Allied  Purchasing  Commission  its  offi¬ 
cial  files  were  transferred  to  the  Treasury  Department,  but  a  consider¬ 
able  quantity  of  material  subsequently  found  in  various  unit  files  of  the 
War  Industries  Board  has  been  assembled  in  the  administrative  file  and 
so  far  as  feasible  classified  by  commodity  under  each  of  the  alHed  powers. 
Particular  attention  is  directed  to : 

Minutes  of  meetings  with  representatives  of  the  allied  missions,  the  Pri¬ 
orities  Committee,  the  United  States  Treasury,  the  War  Trade  Board,  and 
certain  commodity  sections. 

Circulars,  Nos.  1  to  9. 

(1)  October  30,  1917.  Forms  of  recommendation  for  use  in  handling  allied 
orders  (1  page). 

(2)  February  13,  1918.  (Not  located.) 

(3)  March  25,  1918.  Forms  of  contracts  (2  pages). 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


355 


(4)  May  13,  1918.  Forms  of  contracts  as  related  to  export  licenses  (4 
pages). 

(5)  May  15,  1918.  Forms  covering  export  shipments  to  allies  (1  page). 

(6)  May  27.  Instructions  relative  to  procedure  for  handling  applications 
of  allies  for  permission  to  purchase  (3  pages). 

(7)  August  24.  Procedure  to  be  followed  in  case  of  inquiries  regarding 
price  and  delivery  (2  pages). 

(8)  September  16.  Outline  of  information  pertaining  to  applications  (8 
pages). 

(9)  October  1.  Change  in  procedure  of  handling  applications  of  allies  for 
permission  to  purchase  (2  pages). 

Schedules  of  contracts:  Belgian,  British,  French,  Italian,  and  Russian. 
Memoranda. 

Cost  reports  by  the  Steel  and  Hide  and  Leather  divisions  and  by  the  Chain, 
Cotton  and  Cotton  Products,  Hardware  and  Hand  Tool,  Crane,  Lumber,  and 
Non-ferrous  Metals  sections. 

Final  report  (4  pages). 

Acids  and  Heavy  Chemicals  Section 

Minutes  of  weekly  meetings.  June  27  to  November  8,  1918. 

Minutes  of  three  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Minutes  of  three  special  meetings. 

Minutes  of  three  informal  meetings. 

Minutes  of  a  meeting  of  a  subcommittee. 

Weekly  reports.  August  2  to  December  3,  1918. 

Condition  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Requirements  and  procurement  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  Industry  report  (9  pages).  Status  of  capacity,  production,  re¬ 
quirements,  and  distribution  of  sulphuric  and  nitric  acid. 

Business  as  usual  report  (1  page). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (20  pages). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (1  page). 

Final  report  (22  pages).  Price-fixing  policy,  capacity  survey  of  acid  pro¬ 
duction,  labor  situation  at  acid  plants,  and  future  of  the  industry. 

Alkali  and  Chlorine  Section 

Minutes  of  weekly  meetings.  July  3  to  November  10,  1918. 

Minutes  of  five  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Questionnaires. 

Weekly  reports.  August  2  to  December  7,  1918. 

Requirements  report  (2  pages). 

Requirements  and  procurement  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  Industry  report  (2  pages).  Situation  as  to  military  requirements. 


356 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


shortages,  etc.,  of  caustic  soda,  bicarbonate  of  soda,  carbon  tetrachloride,  liq¬ 
uid  chlorine,  bleaching  powder,  chemical  lime,  and  potash. 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (20  pages). 

Business  as  usual  report  (1  page). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (2  pages). 

Final  report  (13  pages).  The  substance  of  this  report  is  well  covered  in  the 
final  Report  of  the  War  Industries  Board  (pp.  166-170). 

Artificial  Dyes  and  Intermediates  Section 

Minutes  of  three  meetings  of  the  section.  October  29  to  November  26,  1918. 
Minutes  of  three  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Weekly  reports.  August  2  to  November  23,  1918. 

Condition  of  industry  report  (1  page). 

Requirements  report  (4  pages). 

Requirements  and  procurement  report:  “Section  has  no  information  upon 
which  to  draw  for  a  report.” 

Business  as  usual  report  ( 1  page) . 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (14  pages). 

New  industries  report  (3  pages). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (2  pages). 

Final  report  (9  pages). 

Automotive  Products  Section 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  September  6,  1918,  to  November  20, 
1918. 

Questionnaires. 

Weekly  reports.  July  20  to  November  27,  1918. 

Requirements  report  (2  pages). 

Status  of  industry  report  (16  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (16  pages). 

New  industries  report  (1  page). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (15  pages). 

Final  report  (16  pages). 

Brass  Section 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  June  4  to  December  2,  1918. 

Minutes  of  meeting  with  trade  representatives.  August  29,  1918. 

Rulings. 

Weekly  reports.  August  31  to  November  30,  1918. 

Status  of  industry  reports.  October  21,  1918  (7  pages)  ;  October  26,  1918 
(3  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (18  pages). 

Final  report  (13  pages). 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


357 


Building  Materials  Division 

Agreements  and  eorrespondence  relative  to  the  disposal  of  surplus  stocks. 
Form  communications. 

Form  letters  to  war  service  committees.  August,  1918,  to  March,  1919. 
List  of  commodities  handled  (1  page). 

Minutes  of  some  ninety  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 
Questionnaires. 

Rulings. 

Summary  tabulations. 

Weekly  reports.  August  5  to  December  31,  1918. 

Report  of  the  Specifications  Section  (4  pages). 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Condition  of  industry  report  (6  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (45  pages). 

Final  report  (126  pages). 


Chain  Section 

Diary  and  memoranda.  June  6  to  December  5,  1918. 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  weekly  meetings  of  the  section.  May  29  to  November  27,  1918. 
Minutes  of  twelve  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Questionnaires. 

Rulings. 

Condition  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Status  of  industry  report  (1  page). 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Special  report  on  transmission  chain  (4  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (27  pages). 

New  industries  report  (1  page). 

Final  report  (16  pages). 


Chemicals  Division 

List  of  commodities  handled. 

Minutes  of  semi-weekly  meetings  of  the  division.  May  28  to  December  31, 
1918. 

Special  reports. 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Business  as  usual  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (4  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (19  pages). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (5  pages). 

Final  report  (10  pages). 


358 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

Chemical  Glass  and  Stoneware  Section 

ISIinutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  September  19  to  October  30,  1918. 
Questionnaires. 

Weekly  reports.  August  2  to  November  30,  1918. 

Condition  of  industry  report  (3  pages). 

Requirements  report  (2  pages). 

Business  as  usual  report  (1  page). 

EfFect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (20  pages). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (3  pages). 

Final  report  (23  pages). 

Clearance  Committee 

Circular  letters. 

Clearance  list. 

Clearance  forms. 

Memoranda. 

Minutes  of  meetings.  May  28  to  July  3,  1918. 

Weekly  reports.  September  24  to  October  19,  1918. 

Monthly  reports.  February  to  May,  1918. 

Final  report  (6  pages). 

Coal-Gas  Products  Section 

List  of  commodities  handled. 

Weekly  reports.  August  2  and  9,  1918. 

Cotton  and  Cotton  Linters  Section 

Bulletins. 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  meetings.  June  5  to  December  19,  1918. 

Rulings. 

Questionnaires. 

Weekly  reports.  August  3  to  December  7,  1918. 

Monthly  reports.  September  to  November,  1918. 

Condition  of  industry  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (5  pages). 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Requirements  and  procurement  report  (1  page). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (20  pages). 

Final  report  (10  pages). 

Cotton  Goods  Section 

Form  communications. 

Digests  of  fourteen  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


359 


Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  June  11  to  November  13,  1918, 

Daily  reports.  April  1  to  December  4,  1918. 

Weekly  reports.  July  13  to  November  23,  1918. 

Requirements  report  (5  pages). 

Status  of  industry  reports.  October  23,  1918  (2  pages);  October  24,  1918 
(2  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (17  pages). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (2  pages). 

Final  report  (16  pages). 


Crane  Section 

Circular  letters. 

List  of  commodities  handled. 

Rulings. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  May  28  to  November  26,  1918. 
Minutes  of  three  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Weekly  reports.  June  1  to  December  14,  1918. 

Monthly  reports.  June  to  August,  1918. 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Requirements  and  procurement  report  (2  pages). 

Status  of  industry  report  (3  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (20  pages). 

Final  report  (10  pages). 


Creosote  Section 

Circular  letters. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  August  8  to  October  26,  1918. 
Weekly  reports.  May  17  to  October  26,  1918. 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Business  as  usual  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (1  page). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (35  pages). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (2  pages). 

Final  report  (6  pages). 

Electrical  and  Power  Equipment  Section 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  June  21  to  November  8,  1918. 
Minutes  of  six  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 
Questionnaires. 

Weekly  reports.  July  9  to  November  23,  1918. 

Requirements  and  procurement  report  (1  page). 

Condition  of  industry  report  (3  pages). 


360 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Status  of  industry  report  (6  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (71  pages). 

Final  report  (20  pages). 

Electric  Wire  and  Cable  Section 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  August  23,  1918. 
Questionnaires. 

Weekly  reports.  August  24  to  November  23,  1918. 

Status  of  Industry  report  (2  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (18  pages). 

Final  report  (11  pages). 

Electrodes  and  Abrasives  Section 

Circular  letters. 

Minutes  of  two  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 
Weekly  reports.  August  2  to  November  30,  1918. 
Condition  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Business  as  usual  report  (2  pages). 

Status  of  industry  report  (4  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (23  pages). 
Reconstruction  program  report  (5  pages). 

Final  report  (26  pages). 

Emergency  Construction  Committee 

Form  communications. 

Questionnaires. 

Final  report  (47  pages). 

Ethyl  Alcohol  Section 

Weekly  reports.  October  18  to  November  30,  1918. 

Status  of  industry  report  (1  page). 

Final  report  (3  pages). 


Explosives  Section 

Minutes  of  meetings.  August  16  to  December  12,  1918. 
Weekly  reports.  October  19  to  November  23,  1918. 
Status  of  industry  report  (8  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (22  pages). 
New  industries  report  (1  page). 

Final  report  (2  pages). 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


361 


Felt  Section 

Form  communications. 

Bulletins. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  July  23  to  December  3,  1918. 

Minutes  of  six  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Questionnaires. 

Rulings. 

Weekly  reports.  August  2  to  December  6,  1918. 

Requirements  report  (2  pages). 

Requirements  and  procurement  report  (2  pages). 

Condition  of  industry  report  (5  pages). 

Status  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (9  pages). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (3  pages). 

Final  report  (20  pages). 

Hatters’  Felt  Department 
Circulars. 

Minutes  of  meetings  and  conferences  with  regard  to  condition  of  industry, 
August  14  to  November  6,  1918. 

Questionnaires. 

Conservation  pledge. 

Rulings. 

Weekly  reports.  August  22  to  November  20,  1918. 

Paper  Mahers’  Felt  Department 
Circular  letters. 

Minutes  of  meetings  and  conferenees  with  regard  to  condition  of  industry. 
August  19  to  October  31,  1918. 

Questionnaires. 

Rulings. 

Weekly  reports.  September  7  to  November  21,  1918. 

Reconstruction  program  report  (1  page). 

Ferro-alloys  Section 

Circular  letters. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  July  25  to  November  14,  1918. 
Questionnaires. 

Weekly  reports.  August  22  to  November  23,  1918. 

Requirements  and  procurement  report  (2  pages). 

Business  as  usual  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (5  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (21  pages). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (2  pages). 

Final  report  (7  pages). 


362  OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

Fine  Chemicals  Section 

Minutes  of  Meetings  of  the  section.  October  2  to  16,  1918. 

Weekly  reports.  July  30  to  November  16,  1918. 

Business  as  usual  report  (9  pages). 

Status  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (9  pages). 

Reconstruction  program  reports.  November  8,  1918  (1  page);  November 
13,  1918  (2  pages). 

Final  report  (4  pages). 

Finished  Products  Division 

Form  communications. 

Form  letters  regarding  war  service  committees. 

Office  memoranda. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  division.  July  17  to  October  2,  1918. 

Weekly  reports.  September  14  to  December  28,  1918. 

Reconstruction  program  report  (1  page). 

Final  report  (2  pages). 

Fire  Prevention  Section 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  twelve  meetings  with  trade  representatives.  First  report  of  the 
fire  apparatus  and  protective  device  industry  (12  pages). 

Weekly  reports.  August  24  to  November  23,  1918. 

Final  report  (37  pages). 

Flax  Products  Section 

Circular  letters. 

Weekly  reports.  August  24  to  November  16,  1918. 

Status  of  industry  report  (l  page). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (18  pages). 

Final  report  (4  pages). 


General  Munitions  Board^ 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  meetings.  April  13  to  July  25,  1917  (2  volumes). 
Questionnaires. 

Weekly  reports.  May  19  to  July  30,  1917. 

The  predecessor,  with  the  Munitions  Standards  Board,  of  the  W.I.B.; 
only  a  small  section  of  its  records  have  been  card-indexed. 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


363 


Hardware  and  Hand  Tool  Section 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  June  1  to  November  21,  1918. 

Minutes  of  forty-two  meetings  with  trade  representatives.  June  6  to  Octo¬ 
ber  24,  1918. 

Questionnaires. 

Conservation  schedule. 

Reports  by  members  of  the  section.  August  29  to  November  23,  1918. 
Weekly  reports.  August  16  to  November  23,  1918. 

Condition  of  industry  report  (3  pages). 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Requirements  and  procurement  report  (3  pages). 

Status  of  industry  report  (4  pages). 

Effeet  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (38  pages). 

New  industries  report  (1  page). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (9  pages). 

Final  report  (91  pages). 

Hide,  Leather,  and  Leather  Goods  Division 

Form  eommunications. 

List  of  commodities  handled. 

Minutes  of  weekly  meetings  of  sections.  July  11  to  November  21,  1918. 
Minutes  of  twenty-two  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Rulings. 

Monthly  reports.  August  and  September,  1918. 

Weekly  reports.  September  to  November,  1918. 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (10  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (31  pages). 

Reconstruetion  program  report  (4  pages). 

Final  report  (83  pages). 

Belting  Section 

Form  communications. 

Weekly  reports.  September  13  to  November  23,  1918. 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (7  pages). 

Final  report  (3  pages). 

Boot  and  Shoe  Section 

Weekly  reports.  September  28  to  December  7,  1918. 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (18  pages). 

Final  report  (7  pages). 

Glove  and  Leather  Clothing  Section 
Cireular  letters. 

Minutes  of  a  meeting  of  the  section.  November  25,  1918. 


364 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Weekly  reports.  October  4  to  November  1,  1918. 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (25  pages). 

Final  report,  including  minutes  of  meetings  (33  pages). 

Harness  and  Personal  Equipment  Section 

Weekly  reports.  September  21  to  December  7,  1918. 

Condition  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (31  pages). 

Final  report  (2  pages). 

Hides  and  Skins  Section 
Form  communications. 

Weekly  reports.  September  28  to  November  30,  1918. 
Condition  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Sole  and  Belting  Leather  Section 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (12  pages). 

Final  report  (32  pages). 

Sole  Leather  Section 
Form  communications. 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (16  pages). 

Final  report  (17  pages). 

Upper  Leather  Section 
Form  communications. 

Weekly  reports.  September  19  to  November  30,  1918. 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (10  pages). 

Final  report  (6  pages). 

Industrial  Inventory  Section 

Form  communications. 

Industrial  inventory  forms. 

Industrial  inventory  summaries. 

Weekly  reports.  September  1,  1917,  to  December  2,  1918. 
Daily  reports.  October  1  to  December  2,  1918. 

Final  report  (8  pages). 

Industrial  Gases  and  Gas  Products  Section 

Weekly  reports.  November  23  to  December  6,  1918. 
Requirements  and  procurement  report  (5  pages). 

Business  as  usual  report  (2  pages). 

Status  of  industry  report  (9  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (36  pages). 

New  industries  report  (1  page). 

Reeonstruetion  program  report  (2  pages). 

Final  report  (8  pages). 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD  365 

Inland  Traffic  Section 

Forms  and  Instructions. 

Building  program  (64  pages). 

Report  for  July,  1918. 

Weekly  reports.  October  1  to  December  2,  1918. 

Status  of  industry  report  (6  pages). 

Joint  Office  on  Chemical  Statistics 

Circular  letters. 

Questionnaires. 

Memoranda. 

Weekly  reports.  June  21  to  December  14,  1918. 

Special  reports  (Propellants  and  Explosives  Bulletins).  July  6,  1918,  to 
January  20,  1919  (353  pages). 

Special  report  on  sulphur  statistics  (6  pages). 

Joint  Office  on  Leather  Statistics 

Weekly  reports.  May  11  to  November  28,  1918. 

Special  report,  statistical  (21  pages). 

Final  report  (8  pages). 

Jute,  Hemp,  and  Cordage  Section 

Circular  letters. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  October  1  and  16,  1918. 

Minutes  of  fourteen  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Questionnaires. 

Weekly  reports.  September  24  to  November  23,  1918. 

Condition  of  industry  report  (3  pages). 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (12  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (74  pages). 

Final  report  (4  pages). 


Knit  Goods  Section 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  August  1  to  September  25,  1918. 
Minutes  of  five  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Questionnaires. 

Rulings. 

Weekly  reports.  July  23  to  December  16,  1918. 

Condition  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (30  pages). 

Final  report  (9  pages). 


366 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 
Legal  Section 


Opinions. 

Weekly  reports.  August  31  to  November  23,  1918. 
Final  report  (2  pages). 


Lumber  Division 

Form  communications. 

Form  communications  with  emergency  bureaus. 

List  of  commodities  handled. 

Minutes  of  weekly  meetings  of  the  division.  September  9  to  November  21, 
1918. 

Minutes  of  thirteen  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Price  schedules. 

Recommendations. 

Weekly  reports.  September  11  to  November  16,  1918. 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (32  pages). 

New  industries  report  (1  page). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (1  page). 

Final  report  (46  pages). 


Lumber  Committee 

(Council  of  National  Defense) 

Minutes  of  executive  meetings.  May  14  to  June  1,  1917. 

Minutes  of  three  special  meetings.  July  26  to  December  13,  1917. 
Weekly  reports.  May  5  to  July  28,  1917. 

Lumber  Section 

Minutes  of  six  meetings  of  the  section.  January  11  to  May  10,  1918. 
Recommendations. 

Rulings. 


Machine  Tool  Section 

Chart  showing  dates  of  action  taken  by  the  section  to  secure  steady  flow 
of  machine  tools.  Classified  list  of  circular  letters  attached  (17  pages). 
Minutes  of  meeting  of  the  section.  August  3,  1918. 

Questionnaires. 

Weekly  reports.  July  23  to  December  17,  1918. 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (4  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (34  pages). 

Final  report  (18  pages). 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


367 


Medical  Industry  Section 

Form  communications. 

List  of  commodities  handled. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  June  21  to  December  13,  1918. 
Minutes  of  eight  special  meetings. 

Minutes  of  eight  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 
Questionnaires. 

Rulings. 

Condition  of  industry  report  (3  pages). 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (3  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (59  pages). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (4  pages). 

Final  report  (32  pages;  Exhibits  A-V). 

Mica  Section 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  special  meeting.  October  10,  1918. 

Report  of  conference  with  importers.  May  31,  1918. 

Condition  of  industry  report  (17  pages). 

Requirements  and  procurement  report  (2  pages). 

Business  as  usual  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  ( 1  page) . 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (12  pages). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (1  page). 

Final  report  (5  pages). 

Military  Optical  Glass  and  Instruments  Section 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  July  29  to  October  28,  1918. 
Questionnaires. 

Rulings. 

Weekly  reports.  July  24  to  December  15,  1918. 

Monthly  report.  August,  1918. 

Condition  of  industry  report  (1  page). 

Requirements  report  (8  pages). 

Requirements  and  procurement  reports  (4  pages). 

Status  of  industry  report  (1  page). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (15  pages). 

New  industries  report  (1  page). 

Final  report  (11  pages). 


368 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

Miscellaneous  Section 

Minutes  of  weekly  meetings  of  the  section.  August  8  to  November  29,  1918. 
Minutes  of  eight  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Requirements  and  procurement  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Effect  of  war  upon  industry  report  (7  pages). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (1  page). 

Final  report  (11  pages). 

Munitions  Standards  Board^ 

Circular  letter. 

Minutes  of  two  special  meetings.  March  21  and  April  18,  1917. 

Nitrate  Section 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (9  pages). 

Final  report  (22  pages). 

Non-ferrous  Metals  Section 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  thirteen  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Questionnaires. 

Weekly  reports.  June  4  to  December  7,  1918. 

Condition  of  industry  report  (12  pages). 

Requirements  report  (7  pages). 

Requirements  and  procurement  report  (1  page). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (39  pages). 

Final  report  (23  pages). 

Ordnance,  Arms,  and  Ammunition  Section 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  July  19  to  August  29,  1918. 

Weekly  reports.  August  17  to  October  29,  1918. 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (15  pages). 

Final  report  (28  pages). 

Paint  and  Pigment  Section 

Bulletins. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  July  1  to  December  10,  1918. 

Minutes  of  fourteen  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

^  This  board,  with  the  General  Munitions  Board,  was  the  predecessor  of 
the  W.I.B. 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


369 


Questionnaires. 

Weekly  reports.  August  5  to  December  19,  1918. 
Requirements  and  procurement  report  (1  page). 
Condition  of  industry  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (5  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (29  pages). 

New  industries  report  (1  page). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (6  pages). 

Final  report  (10  pages). 

Platinum,  Gold,  and  Silver  Section 

Circulars. 

Form  communications. 

Waiver  forms. 

Questionnaires. 

Rulings. 

Weekly  reports.  August  10  to  November  25,  1918. 
Requirements  and  procurement  report  (1  page). 
Business  as  usual  report  (2  pages). 

Status  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (14  pages). 
Reconstruction  program  report  (1  page). 

Final  report  (13  pages). 


Power  Section 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  June  4  to  October  22,  1918. 

Reports  of  special  conferences  with  engineers  and  others.  June  4  to  Octo¬ 
ber  22,  1918. 

Questionnaires. 

Rulings. 

Weekly  reports.  August  19  to  November  26,  1918. 

Special  power  reports.  June  6  to  November  10,  1918. 

Summaries  of  power  reports. 

Status  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (9  pages). 

Final  report  (4  pages). 

Price  Fixing  Committee 

Cireulars. 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  meetings.  March  14,  1918,  to  February  27,  1919  (11  volumes). 
Office  memoranda. 

Resolutions  and  rulings. 


370 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Schedules. 

Weekly  reports.  August  12  to  November  29,  1918. 
Final  report  (3  pages). 


Priorities  Division 

Office  bulletins. 

Circulars. 

Forms.  Nos.  1  to  95. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  division.  May  28  to  December  20,  1918. 
Minutes  of  approximately  150  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 


Priorities  Board 

Form  communications. 

Memorandum  on  curtailed  industries  (4  pages). 
Preference  lists. 

Questionnaires. 

Weekly  reports.  September  24  to  November  18,  1918. 

Priorities  Committee 

Form  communications. 

Memoranda. 

Rulings. 

Weekly  reports.  September  28  to  October  12,  1918. 
Reconstruction  papers. 

Final  report  (24  pages). 

Production  Committee 

Form  communications. 

Weekly  reports. 


Pulp  and  Paper  Division 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  September  14  to  28,  1918. 
Minutes  of  seven  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 
Conservation  pledge. 

Questionnaires. 

Regulations. 

Weekly  reports.  June  29  to  November  25,  1918. 

Status  of  industry  report  (4  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (18  pages). 
Reconstruction  program  report  (3  pages). 

Final  report  (193  pages). 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


371 


Manufacturing  Section 
Questionnaire. 

Regulations. 

Final  report  (6  pages). 

Nervspaper  Section 
Questionnaire. 

Regulations. 

Reconstruction  program  report  (3  pages). 

Paper  Economy  Section 
Questionnaire. 

Regulations. 

Periodical  Section 
Questionnaire. 

Regulations. 

Fiber  Board  and  Container  Section 
Questionnaire. 

Regulations. 

Weekly  reports.  September  21  to  October  28,  1918. 

Railway  Equipment  and  Supplies  Section 

Form  communications. 

Questionnaire. 

Requirements  and  procurement  report  (2  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (32  pages). 

Final  report  (25  pages). 

Raw  Materials  Division 

Form  communications. 

Questionnaire. 

Rulings. 

Minutes  of  meetings.  August  21  to  October  30,  1917. 

Refractories  Section 

Circular  letters. 

Minutes  of  five  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Weekly  reports.  July  28  to  November  29,  1918. 

Condition  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Business  as  usual  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (21  pages). 
Reconstruction  program  report  (2  pages). 

Final  report  (9  pages). 


372 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Requirements  Division 

Advice  sheets.  Nos.  1  to  45. 

Commodity  lists. 

Form  communieations. 

Minutes  of  meetings  with  representatives  of  government  organizations. 
March  29  to  December  29,  1918. 

Reply  to  inquiry  relative  to  requirements  of  cotton  duck  and  felt  (7 
pages). 

Reports  (Hatfield)  from  commodity  sections  to  the  Division  of  Planning 
and  Statistics  on  requirements. 

Special  Requirements  Committee 

Minutes  of  meetings.  September  14  to  November  8,  1918. 

Resources  and  Conversion  Section 

List  of  regional  advisers. 

Bulletins  to  regional  advisers.  Nos.  1  to  39. 

List  of  bulletins  issued. 

Form  letters  to  regional  advisers. 

Lists  of  daily  requirements  sent  to  regional  advisers. 

Lists  of  industrial  conversions. 

Minutes  of  a  special  meeting  of  regional  advisers.  July  18  and  19,  1918. 
Minutes  of  six  meetings  in  regions  1,  2,  4,  5,  9,  and  14. 

Regional  maps. 

Weekly  reports.  August  17  to  November  16,  1918. 

Reports  from  regional  advisers. 

Final  reports  from  regional  advisers. 

Final  report  by  the  chief  of  the  section  (7  pages). 

Rubber  and  Rubber  Goods  Section 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  two  meetings  of  the  section.  August  26  and  October  4,  1918. 
Conservation  pledge. 

Questionnaire. 

Weekly  reports.  August  24  to  December  7,  1918. 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (18  pages). 

Final  report  (10  pages). 


Silk  Section 

Minutes  of  ten  meetings  of  the  section.  August  14  to  December  10,  1918. 
Minutes  of  eight  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Weekly  reports.  September  10  to  December  14,  1918. 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (11  pages). 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


373 


Reconstruction  program  report  (1  page). 
Final  report  (4  pages). 


Statistics  Division 

Form  letters. 

Charts  showing  distribution  of  firms  holding  war  contracts. 

Special  labor  bulletins,  Nos.  1  to  22. 

Seven  “Bulletins  on  War  Contracts.”  January,  1918,  to  May,  1918. 

Weekly  reports.  December  1,  1917,  to  May  28,  1918. 

Weekly  reports  on  raw  materials.  April  13  to  May  25,  1918. 

Weekly  reports.  (War  Contracts  Files  Section.)  November  12,  1917,  to 
March  30,  1918. 

First  Annual  Report.  April  6,  1918  (46  pages). 

Special  reports.  These  are  listed  above  under  General  Administrative  File, 
Special  Reports,  3.  Reports  on  Special  Subjects  by  Statistical  Division. 

Steel  Division 

Circular  letters. 

Conservation  pledge. 

Rulings. 

Minutes  of  meeting  with  shell  steel  manufacturers.  September  23,  1918. 
Summary  of  reports  of  blast  furnace  operators  at  meeting  held  September 
23  and  24,  1918. 

Summary  of  reports  regarding  railroads  at  meeting  held  September  23 
and  24,  1918. 

Minutes  of  meeting  with  representatives  of  the  pipe  industry  held  Sep¬ 
tember  24,  1918. 

Minutes  of  meeting  with  manufacturers  of  steel  plates  to  discuss  produc¬ 
tion.  September  26,  1918. 

Minutes  of  meeting  with  representatives  of  the  wire  fence  industry  to  de¬ 
termine  the  amount  of  steel  to  be  allotted  to  the  industry.  October  7,  1918. 

Proeeedings  of  a  conference  with  regard  to  the  handling  of  applications  for 
priority  on  steel  and  pig  iron. 

Weekly  reports.  October  6  and  12,  1918. 

Weekly  reports  of  subcommittees. 

Requirements  and  procurement  report  ( 1  page) . 

Business  as  usual  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (3  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (32  pages). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (3  pages). 

Final  report  (3  pages). 

Iron  and  Steel  Scrap  Section 

Minutes  of  meeting  of  the  section.  November  6,  1918. 

Weekly  reports.  November  1  and  6,  1918. 


374 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Reconstruction  program  report  (1  page). 

Final  report  (4  pages). 

Pig  Iron  Section 

Minutes  of  meeting  to  consider  possibility  of  increasing  production  and 
possibility  of  improvement  by  stimulating  the  industry  through  the  supply  of 
fuel  and  labor,  or  such  other  action  as  might  be  determined  by  the  War  In¬ 
dustries  Board.  November  23,  1918. 

Weekly  reports.  October,  1918. 

Status  of  industry  report  (6  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (26  pages). 

Final  report  (4  pages). 

Warehouse  Distribution  Section 
Circular  letters. 

Rulings. 

Final  report  (3  pages). 

Sulphur  and  Pyrites  Section 

Weekly  reports.  August  2  to  November  30,  1918. 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Business  as  usual  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Report  of  the  sulphuric  and  nitric  acid  situation  (9  pages). 

Final  report  (16  pages). 

Tanning  Materials  and  Vegetable  Dye  Section 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  October  16  to  December  4,  1918. 
Minutes  of  seven  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Weekly  reports.  August  2  to  November  30,  1918. 

Condition  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Business  as  usual  report  (3  pages). 

Status  of  industry  report  (1  page). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (24  pages). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (2  pages). 

Final  report  (10  pages). 

Technical  and  Consulting  Section 

Weekly  reports.  June  4  to  December  14,  1918. 

Condition  of  industry  report  ( 1  page) . 

Business  as  usual  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (9  pages). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (1  page). 

Final  report  (4  pages). 


WAR  INDUSTRIES  BOARD 


375 


Textile  and  Rubber  Division 

Circular  letters. 

Minutes  of  nine  section  meetings.  July  1  to  November  11,  1918. 
Minutes  of  five  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Weekly  reports.  September  21  to  December  7,  1918. 

New  industries  report  (1  page). 

Final  report  (1  page). 


Tin  Section 

Form  communications. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  July  3  and  10  and  October  18,  1918. 
Minutes  of  five  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Questionnaires. 

Weekly  reports.  September  25  to  November  26,  1918. 

Requirements  report  (2  pages). 

Condition  of  industry  report  (3  pages). 

Status  of  industry  report  (1  page). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (26  pages). 

Final  report  (14  pages). 


Tobacco  Section 

Minutes  of  twenty-two  meetings  of  the  section.  June  20  to  December  9, 
1918. 

Minutes  of  forty-four  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Pledge  not  to  expand  manufacturing  facilities. 

Weekly  reports.  August  24  to  December  12,  1918. 

Condition  of  industry  report  (5  pages). 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (14  pages). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (1  page). 

Final  report  (2  pages). 

Vehicle,  Implement,  and  Wood  Products  Section 

Circular  letters. 

Minutes  of  meetings  of  the  section.  August  1  to  November  26,  1918. 
Minutes  of  five  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Conservation  pledge. 

Questionnaires. 

Weekly  reports.  June  29  to  November  23,  1918. 

Condition  of  industry  report  ( 1  page) . 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (2  pages). 


376 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (23  pages). 
New  industries  report  (1  page). 

Reconstruction  program  report  (2  pages). 

Final  report  (3  pages). 

Wood  Chemicals  Section 

Circular  letters. 

Inventories. 

List  of  commodities  handled. 

Minutes  of  two  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 
Questionnaires. 

Requirements  and  procurement  report  (1  page). 
Requirements  report  (2  pages). 

Status  of  industry  report  (4  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (21  pages). 
Reconstruction  program  report  ( 1  page) . 

Final  report  (10  pages). 

Wool  Division 


Domestic  Wool  Section 

Regulations  regarding  the  domestic  clip. 

Conference  with  representatives  of  the  mohair  industry  to  fix  a  price  on 
fall  clip  of  mohair.  September  4,  1918. 

Weekly  reports.  August  5  to  December  6,  1918. 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Final  report  (2  pages). 

Noils  and  Waste  Section 
Rulings. 

Special  report  on  control  of  noils  and  waste.  September  26^  1918  (5  pages). 
Woolens  Section 

Minutes  of  eleven  meetings  of  the  section.  July  17  to  December  11,  1918. 
Minutes  of  thirty-two  meetings  with  trade  representatives. 

Weekly  reports.  July  25  to  December  21,  1918. 

Requirements  report  (1  page). 

Condition  of  industry  report  (3  pages). 

Business  as  usual  report  (1  page). 

Status  of  industry  report  (4  pages). 

Effect  of  the  war  upon  industry  report  (16  pages). 

Final  report  (2  pages). 


WAR  TRADE  BOARD^ 


Evolution  and  Dissolution 

The  War  Trade  Board,  a  body  which  had  to  do  with  measures  re¬ 
lating  to  export  and  import  control,  the  fueling  and  provisioning 
of  vessels  leaving  United  States  ports,  and  the  control  of  trade  with 
enemies  and  allies  of  enemies,  was  established  by  executive  order  of 
October  12,  1917.  It  replaced  the  former  Exports  Administrative 
Board,  which,  created  by  executive  order  of  August  21,  1917,  had 
replaced  the  Division  of  Export  Licenses  of  the  Bureau  of  Foreign 
and  Domestic  Commerce,  a  division  which  was  organized  in  accord¬ 
ance  with  an  executive  order  of  June  22,  1917,  vesting  the  admin¬ 
istration  of  export  control  in  the  Secretary  of  Commerce.  The  War 
Trade  Board  ceased  to  act  as  a  separate  entity  June  30,  1919,  when 
it  became,  with  greatly  lessened  personnel,  the  War  Trade  Board 
Section  of  the  Department  of  State.  When  this,  with  the  exception 
of  its  import  control  of  dyes  and  certain  drugs,  chemicals,  and  coal 
tar  products,  had  nearly  ceased  to  function,  it  was  abolished  hy  act 
of  Congress,  approved  May  27,  1921,  and  its  personnel,  books, 
documents,  and  other  records  relating  to  dye  and  chemical  imports 
were  transferred  to  the  Treasury  Department,  where  the  Dye  and 
Chemical  Section  of  the  Division  of  Customs  was  organized  to  ad¬ 
minister  the  control  provided  for  in  that  act.  This  Dye  and  Chemi¬ 
cal  Section  was  done  away  with  by  the  substitution  of  the  provi¬ 
sions  of  the  tarilf  act  of  1922  for  those  of  the  act  of  May  27,  1921, 
and  the  records  relating  to  dye  and  chemical  import  control  were 
transferred  in  part  to  the  head  office  of  the  Customs  Division  of  the 
Treasury  Department  in  Washington  and  in  part  to  the  office  of 
the  appraiser  of  merchandise  in  New  York. 

For  a  study  of  the  various  steps  leading  to  the  creation  of  the 
War  Trade  Board,  and  of  its  functioning,  records,  and  dissolution, 
the  following  documents  are  essential:  (1)  the  espionage  act,  June 
15,  1917  (40  U.S.  Statutes  at  Large,  p.  217),  authorizing  the 
President  (Title  VII)  to  control,  by  proclamation,  exportations 

^  The  data  contained  in  this  report  on  the  War  Trade  Board  were  com¬ 
piled  by  Dr.  James  A.  Robertson  of  the  Department  of  Commerce. 


378 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


from  the  United  States  and  from  Possessions  of  the  United  States; 
(2)  executive  order  of  June  22,  1917,  vesting  the  administration  of 
export  control  in  the  Secretary  of  Commerce,  and  creating  an  Ex¬ 
ports  Council;  (3)  executive  proclamation  of  July  9,  1917,  pro¬ 
hibiting  the  exportation  of  certain  commodities  except  under  the 
conditions  stated  in  the  proclamation;  (4)  executive  order  of  Au¬ 
gust  21,  1917  (effective  August  27),  establishing  the  Exports  Ad¬ 
ministrative  Board  and  amending  the  provision  with  regard  to  the 
functions  of  the  Exports  Council;  (5)  executive  proclamation  of 
August  27,  1917  (effective  August  30),  prohibiting  exports  of 
practically  all  commodities  to  enemy  territory  and  to  the  European 
neutrals  except  under  hcense,  and  considerably  enlarging  the  num¬ 
ber  of  commodities  that  were  placed  under  control  by  the  proclama¬ 
tion  of  July  9,  when  offered  for  export  to  countries  other  than  the 
above;  (6)  the  trading  with  the  enemy  act  of  October  6,  1917  (40 
U.S.  Statutes  at  Large,  p.  411),  making  it  unlawful,  among  other 
things,  for  any  person  in  the  United  States,  except  with  the  hcense 
of  the  President,  to  communicate  or  have  any  form  of  business  or 
commercial  relations  with  an  enemy  or  enemy  ally,  as  those  persons 
are  defined  in  the  act,  and  providing  for  the  control,  by  executive 
proclamation,  of  importations  into  the  United  States  and  into  the 
possessions  of  the  United  States;  (7)  executive  order  of  October  12, 
1917,  creating  the  War  Trade  Board;  (8)  two  executive  proclama¬ 
tions  of  November  28,  1917 :  the  first  extending  the  hst  of  com¬ 
modities  subject  to  export  control  when  destined  for  export  to 
countries  other  than  European  neutrals  and  enemy  and  ally  of 
enemy  countries;  the  second  containing  a  list  of  commodities,  the 
importation  of  which  was  prohibited  except  under  license;  (9)  two 
executive  proclamations  of  February  14,  1918,  declaring  respec¬ 
tively  that  all  merchandise  exports  and  imports  to  or  from  any 
other  country  whatsoever,  except  possessions  of  the  United  States, 
were  made  subject  to  license  control;  (10)  executive  order  of  Au¬ 
gust  20,  1918,  adding  a  representative  of  the  War  Industries 
Board  to  the  membership  of  the  War  Trade  Board;  (11)  execu¬ 
tive  order  of  March  3,  1919,  as  amended  by  executive  orders  of 
May  12  and  June  23,  1919,  authorizing  the  transfer  of  the  War 
Trade  Board  to  the  Department  of  State,  and  the  order  of  the 
War  Trade  Board  of  June  30,  1919,  accomplishing  such  transfer; 


WAR  TRADE  BOARD 


379 


(12)  executive  proclamation  of  June  24,  1919,  transferring  the 
control  of  exportations  and  importations  of  wheat  and  wheat  flour 
from  the  War  Trade  Board  to  the  United  States  Wheat  Director; 

(13)  departmental  (State)  orders  of  July  1  and  October  7,  1919, 
creating  the  War  Trade  Board  Section  and  prescribing  its  powers 
and  duties;  (14)  the  emergency  tariff  act  of  May  27,  1921  (42 
U.S.  Statutes  at  Large,  p.  9),  abolishing  the  War  Trade  Board 
Section  of  the  Department  of  State,  transferring  its  personnel, 
books,  documents,  and  other  records  relating  to  dye  and  chemical 
import  control  to  the  Treasury  Department,  and  prescribing  the 
conditions  and  the  classes  of  commodities,  importations  of  which 
were  to  be  subject  to  such  control. 

Functions 

The  War  Trade  Board  was  composed  of  representatives  of  the 
Secretary  of  State,  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  the  Secretary  of 
Agriculture,  the  Secretary  of  Commerce,  the  Food  Administration, 
the  Shipping  Board,  and  the  War  Industries  Board.  The  objects 
for  which  it  functioned  were:  (1)  the  commercial  isolation  of  the 
enemy  by  control  of  United  States  exports  to  and  imports  from  the 
enemy,  ally  of  enemy,  and  neutral  countries  of  Europe;  (2)  the 
financial  isolation  of  the  enemy  by  control  of  financial  and  business 
transactions  and  communications  with  enemies  and  allies  of  the 
enemy  throughout  the  world,  as  those  terms  are  defined  in  the 
trading  Mnth  the  enemy  act;  (3)  the  conservation  of  domestic 
supplies  through  export  and  tonnage  restrictions  and  by  obtaining 
essential  imports  from  the  powers  that  were  associated  with  the 
United  States  in  the  war  and  from  neutrals;  (4)  the  conservation 
of  ocean  tonnage  by  the  exercise  of  control  of  the  fueling  and  pro¬ 
visioning  of  vessels  in  United  States  ports,  and  by  import  restric¬ 
tions  and  priority  in  export  shipments;  (5)  the  procurement  of 
tonnage  by  commercial  and  tonnage  arrangements  with  other  coun¬ 
tries  and  the  coordination  of  war  trade  activities  of  the  United 
States  with  those  of  the  governments  that  were  associated  with  the 
United  States  in  the  war. 

In  these  matters,  the  War  Trade  Board  acted  practically  as  the 
executive  of  the  President,  the  Food  Administration,  the  Shipping 
Board,  the  War  Industries  Board,  the  Fuel  Administration,  and 


380 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


other  government  organizations  engaged  in  the  prosecution  of  the 
war.  Control  over  exports  and  imports,  the  fueling  and  provisioning 
of  vessels,  and  trading  with  the  enemy  was  exercised  by  issuing, 
withholding,  or  refusing  licenses,  and  that  this  control  might  be 
exercised  intelligently  continuous  liaison  and  cooperation  were  re¬ 
quired  with  both  permanent  government  units  and  with  the  emer¬ 
gency  establishment,  as  well  as  with  various  national  trade  councils 
and  with  representatives  of  the  allied  powers.  Such  contact  was 
especially  close  with  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Com¬ 
merce,  Federal  Trade  Commission,  Division  of  Customs  of  the 
Treasury  Department,  various  offices  of  the  State  Department,  War 
Department,  Navy  Department,  Department  of  Justice,  and  Post 
Office  Department,  the  Food  Administration,  Wheat  Director,  Su¬ 
gar  Equalization  Board,  Sliipping  Board,  War  Industries  Board, 
P’uel  Administration,  Alien  Property  Custodian,  American  Dia¬ 
mond  Committee,  American  Iron  and  Steel  Institute,  Plumbago- 
Graphite  Association,  Rubber  Association  of  America,  Inc.,  Tan¬ 
ners’  Council  of  the  United  States  of  America,  Textile  Alliance, 
Inc.,  United  States  Shellac  Importers  Association,  the  Interallied 
Shipping  Control  Committee  in  New  York,  Interallied  Blockade 
Committee  in  London,  and  several  large  European  trade  organiza¬ 
tions,  with  each  of  which  specific  arrangements  for  cooperation  were 
made. 

The  board  restricted  its  own  activities  to  (1)  the  formulation  of 
specific  policies  outlined  in  occasional  communications  from  the 
President  with  respect  to  the  conservation  of  resources  and  the 
financial  isolation  of  the  enemy;  (2)  the  consideration  and  choice 
of  ways,  means,  and  regulations  for  putting  those  policies  into  ef¬ 
fect;  (3)  the  devising  of  methods  for  coordinating  its  activities 
with  those  of  other  war  agencies  of  the  United  States  and  with 
those  of  the  governments  of  the  countries  associated  with  the 
LInited  States;  (4)  the  making  of  supply  and  ocean  transportation 
arrangements  with  the  associated  governments;  (5)  the  negotiation 
and  operation  of  commercial  and  tonnage  agreements  with  neutral 
countries,  especially  those  of  Europe;  (6)  the  negotiation  and 
operation  of  arrangements  for  obtaining  from  abroad  supplies  for 
the  use  of  the  United  States  and  associated  governments  for  mili¬ 
tary  purposes  and  for  civilian  consumption  in  the  United  States; 


WAR  TRADE  BOARD 


381 


(7)  the  supervision  and  direction  of  an  executive  force  under  the 
secretary,  of  a  legal  force  under  the  counsellor,  and  of  the  bu¬ 
reaus  and  other  units  of  the  organization. 

Organization 

A  Contraband  Committee  assisted  in  the  formulation  of  rules 
and  regulations  relative  to  licenses,  audited  export  and  import  li¬ 
censes,  handled  special  cases  in  which  questions  arose  as  to  whether 
exceptions  should  be  made  to  the  general  rules,  and  cases  in  which 
evasions,  violations,  or  attempts  to  evade  or  violate  the  board’s 
regulations  were  charged  or  suspected.  Not  long  before  the  armi¬ 
stice  was  signed  the  Contraband  Committee  was  superseded  by  the 
Exports  Executive  Committee  and  the  Violations  Committee. 

A  Bureau  of  Administration,  a  Division  of  Information,  and  a 
Bureau  of  Branches  and  Customs  constituted  the  board’s  adminis¬ 
trative  agencies.  A  Bureau  of  Research  and  Statistics,  a  Bureau  of 
War  Trade  Intelligence,  and  a  Bureau  of  Foreign  Agents  consti¬ 
tuted  the  board’s  agencies  of  investigation  and  research.  A  Bureau 
of  Exports,  a  Bureau  of  Imports,  a  Bureau  of  Transportation,  and 
a  Bureau  of  Enemy  Trade  constituted  the  board’s  agencies  of  con¬ 
trol.  A  summary  of  the  functions  of  each  of  these  agencies  follows: 

The  Bureau  of  Administration  furnished  the  personnel,  oflSce 
equipment,  supplies,  and  organization  required  to  carry  out  the 
policy  of  the  board. 

The  Division  of  Information  was  the  medium  through  which  pub¬ 
licity  was  given  to  the  policies,  announcements,  rules,  and  regula¬ 
tions  of  the  board,  and  through  which  general  information  of  a  mis¬ 
cellaneous  character,  particularly  that  obtained  from  government 
publications,  articles  in  the  daily  press,  magazines  and  other  peri¬ 
odicals,  and  announcements  and  regulations  of  other  war  organiza¬ 
tions  was  procured  and  distributed  among  the  members  of  the 
board  and  the  personnel  of  the  several  bureaus.  A  Publications 
Section  edited  and  published  in  mimeographed,  multigraphed,  or 
printed  form  (1)  Daily  Record,  a  confidential  bulletin  of  the 
board;  (2)  Daily  Digest  of  the  Press;  (3)  War  Trade  Board 
News,  published  in  the  interest  of  the  members  of  the  organiza¬ 
tion;  (4)  War  Trade  Board  Rulings,  daily;  (5)  War  Trade  Jour- 


382 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


nal,  monthly;  (6)  Rules  and  Regulations  of  the  War  Trade  Board, 
Nos.  1  and  2;  (7)  Directory  of  the  War  Trade  Board;  (8)  Enemy 
Trading  Lists;  (9)  Confidential  Suspect  List;  (10)  Cloaks  List.  A 
Distribution  Section  distributed  material  to  the  board  organization 
in  Washington,  the  branch  offices,  the  press,  and  the  general  pub¬ 
lic.  The  library  of  the  board  had  a  clipping  service  and  a  transla¬ 
tion  service,  besides  books  and  periodicals.  A  General  Information 
Service  gave  personal  attention  to  specific  requests  and  to  the 
examination  of  printed  material  for  data  of  interest  to  the  organi¬ 
zation. 

The  Bureau  of  Branches  and  Customs  had  jurisdiction  over  and 
management  of  all  branches,  cooperative  offices,  and  representatives 
of  the  War  Trade  Board  in  the  United  States,  and  was  responsible 
to  the  board  for  the  transmission  to  the  branches  of  all  rulings  of 
the  board  or  of  its  committees  and  bureaus  that  might  affect  the 
branches  or  be  necessary  for  their  successful  operation.  The  bureau 
was  also  charged  with  the  duty  of  transmitting  the  rulings  of  the 
board  to  the  Customs  Division  of  the  Treasury  Department,  the 
Post  Office  Department,  and  the  Railroad  Administration,  all  three 
of  which  cooperated  with  the  board  in  the  exercise  of  control  over 
exports  and  imports.  The  branch  offices  instructed  exporters  and 
importers  as  to  the  proper  method  of  complying  with  the  regula¬ 
tions  and  rulings  of  the  board  with  reference  to  exporting,  im¬ 
porting,  and  enemy  trade.  They  also  received,  recorded,  and  con¬ 
sidered  applications  for  export  and  bunker  licenses,  and  in  some 
instances  issued  the  licenses. 

The  Bureau  of  Research  and  Statistics  was  formed  by  combin¬ 
ing  two  bureaus,  (1)  the  Bureau  of  Research  and  (2)  the  Bureau 
of  Tabulation  and  Statistics,  which  had  functioned  separately  from 
the  creation  of  the  War  Trade  Board  until  November,  1918,  when 
they  were  made  two  divisions  of  the  Bureau  of  Research  and  Sta¬ 
tistics. 

The  Division  of  Research,  originally  the  Bureau  of  Research, 
conducted  the  investigations  necessary  (1)  to  answer  requests  of 
officers  and  members  of  the  board  and  other  government  organiza¬ 
tions  for  information  of  an  economic  nature,  such  as  economic 
sources,  production  and  consumption  figures,  trade  movements  of 


WAR  TRADE  BOARD 


383 


important  materials  and  commodities,  and  (2)  to  facilitate  the  de¬ 
cision  of  questions  as  to  whether  domestic  supplies  of  commodities 
were  sufficient  to  admit  of  exportation,  and  if  so,  whether  only  for 
purposes  incident  to  the  prosecution  of  the  war,  or  for  private 
commercial  purposes  as  well.  The  division  kept  in  easily  available 
form  information  on  matters  constantly  before  the  board,  and  initi¬ 
ated  investigations  in  anticipation  of  inquiries  and  in  order  to  pre¬ 
pare  reports  of  value  to  the  board  and  other  war  agencies. 

The  Division  of  Tabulation  and  Statistics  tabulated  export  and 
import  data  showing  the  export  and  import  licenses  granted  and 
refused,  the  quantities  and  values  of  each  commodity  licensed  for 
export  and  import,  and  the  countries  of  destination  or  origin.  It 
prepared  serial  and  special  tabulations  for  the  use  of  the  various 
bureaus  of  the  board  and  other  branches  of  the  government,  checked 
the  use  of  licenses  in  order  to  detect  different  forms  of  abuse,  such 
as  overshipment,  unauthorized  shipments,  and  alteration  of  licenses, 
and  supplied  conversion  and  stowage  factors  of  commodities  for 
government  statistical  agencies. 

The  Bureau  of  War  Trade  Intelligence  collected  data  and  im¬ 
parted  information  to  the  Bureau  of  Exports,  Bureau  of  Imports, 
and  Bureau  of  Transportation  with  respect  to  the  enemy  or  non¬ 
enemy  character  or  affiliations  of  applicants  for  license,  consignors, 
consignees,  and  purchasers  of  United  States  goods  abroad,  re¬ 
ferred  to  in  various  applications.  It  furnished  information  to  the 
Bureau  of  Enemy  Trade  respecting  applicants  for  license  to  trade 
or  communicate  with  enemies  or  allies  of  the  enemy,  or  persons  as  to 
whom  there  was  reasonable  ground  to  believe  that  they  were  engaged 
in  dealing  with  enemies  or  enemy  allies.  It  furnished  information  of 
interest  to  the  State  Department,  the  Secret  Service  of  the  Treas¬ 
ury  Department,  the  Bureau  of  Investigation  of  the  Department  of 
Justice,  the  Military  and  Naval  Intelligence  Divisions  of  the  War 
and  Navy  Departments,  the  Postal  and  Cable  Censorship  Boards, 
the  Alien  Property  Custodian,  the  Shipping  Board,  and  various 
intelligence  agencies  of  the  associated  governments,  from  all  of 
which  information  was  also  received. 

The  Bureau  of  Foreign  Agents  determined  the  need  for  War 
Trade  Board  representatives  in  foreign  countries,  employed  men  to 


384 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


serve  in  that  capacity,  instructed  and  informed  them,  received  and 
distributed  their  reports,  which  contained  information  of  various 
kinds  desired  by  the  board  and  its  several  bureaus,  especially  the 
Bureau  of  War  Trade  Intelligence.  Besides  procuring  the  informa¬ 
tion  contained  in  these  reports,  the  foreign  agents  represented  the 
board  at  conferences  and  on  various  interalHed  committees,  and  as¬ 
sisted  the  board  in  its  negotiations  of  commercial  and  shipping 
agreements  with  other  countries. 

The  Bureau  of  Exports  considered  applications  for  licenses  to  ex¬ 
port  from  the  United  States,  and  issued  or  refused  such  licenses.  It 
administered  the  regulations  adopted  in  the  interests  of  conserva¬ 
tion  of  the  resources  of  the  United  States  so  far  as  such  regulations 
were  applicable  to  exportations,  administered  measures  adopted  to 
prevent  exportations  to  the  countries  of  the  enemy,  the  countries  of 
the  enemy’s  allies,  and  territories  occupied  by  their  forces,  and  in¬ 
augurated  conservation  measures  designed  to  restrict  the  licensing 
of  exportations  to  neutral  countries.  It  administered  the  provisions, 
so  far  as  export  features  of  them  were  concerned,  relative  to  the 
rationing  of  supplies  for  the  countries  with  which  the  United  States 
was  associated  in  the  war,  and  for  the  neutral  countries  under  the 
various  commercial  agreements  with  their  governments.  It  adminis¬ 
tered  the  measures  intended  to  facilitate  the  movement  from  United 
States  ports  of  supplies  for  the  associated  governments,  for  United 
States  forces  abroad,  and  for  certain  relief  organizations.  The  bu¬ 
reau  maintained  a  corps  of  experts,  known  as  trade  advisers,  who 
were  specially  versed  in  and  kept  themselves  posted  as  to  produc¬ 
tion  and  supply,  and  as  to  the  manufacturing,  transportation,  and 
market  conditions  which  affected  the  groups  of  commodities  under 
consideration  for  license  to  export,  and  whose  duty  it  was  to  pass 
on  and  advise  with  respect  to  applications  for  such  licenses  from  the 
viewpoint  of  conservation.  A  corps  of  trade  distributors  was  main¬ 
tained  to  consider  applications  for  license  to  export  to  the  particu¬ 
lar  countries  or  groups  of  countries  to  which  they  were  respectively 
assigned.  It  was  also  the  duty  of  the  trade  distributors  to  see  that 
ration  limitations  were  not  exceeded  in  the  quantities  licensed  for 
export,  and  that  compliance  was  had  with  restrictions  respecting 
exportations  of  particular  commodities  and  vdth  conditions  relat- 


WAR  TRADE  BOARD 


385 


ing  to  reexportation  to  the  enemy  from  the  country  of  destination 
as  well  as  with  any  other  conditions  that  might  be  imposed  as  pre¬ 
requisites  to  the  granting  of  licenses  to  export  to  the  countries  in 
their  respective  jurisdictions. 

The  Bureau  of  Imports  administered  the  control  measures 
adopted  to  facilitate,  through  the  licensing  system,  the  conservation 
of  tonnage  for  transportation  of  essentials  and  for  giving  priority 
to  the  procurement  of  such  raw  materials  and  commodities  as  were 
needed  in  the  United  States  for  manufactures  for,  or  use  by,  the 
government,  or  such  as  were  essential  for  civilian  use.  It  allocated 
certain  of  the  essential  imported  materials  or  commodities  when  but 
limited  supplies  could  be  procured  from  abroad  or  provided  with 
tonnage  for  import.  It  procured  guarantees  against  reexport  from 
the  United  States  or  diversion  from  certain  uses  when  such  guaran¬ 
tees  were  required  by  the  country  of  origin.  In  cases  in  which 
adequate  supplies  for  government  manufacture  or  use  were  of  para¬ 
mount  importance,  it  enforced  conditions  under  which  the  govern¬ 
ment  could  obtain  option  to  purchase  such  quantities  as  were  re¬ 
quired  of  the  imported  commodity  prior  to  sale  or  release  to  other 
consumers.  The  bureau  maintained  a  corps  of  trade  advisers  whose 
duty  it  was,  in  connection  with  the  administration  of  the  measures 
for  the  conservation  of  ocean  tonnage,  to  reduce  the  quantity  im¬ 
ported  of  certain  commodities  and  materials,  to  enforce  the  prohihi- 
tion  against  the  import  of  certain  non-essentials  except  under  the 
conditions  and  in  the  particular  instances  specified  in  the  regula¬ 
tions,  to  adjust  the  licensing  of  importations  so  as  to  bring  about 
reductions  in  lengths  of  haul  in  order  to  increase  the  number  of 
voyages  per  year  in  certain  lines  of  traffic,  to  cause  goods  on  the 
American  side  of  the  Atlantic  to  be  imported  into  the  United 
States  whenever  practicable  by  sailing  vessels  or  small  steamers 
unsuitable  for  trans- Atlantic  service,  and  to  procure  the  importa¬ 
tion  of  various  bulky  materials  in  more  concentrated  form. 

The  Bureau  of  Transportation  administered  the  measures  for 
controlling  the  fueling  and  provisioning  of  vessels.  It  prevented  the 
use  of  coal,  fuel  oil,  and  ship’s  stores,  when  purchased  in  the 
United  States  or  brought  into  United  States  ports  from  abroad, 
for  voyages  for  the  delivery  of  cargoes  destined  either  directly  or 


386 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


indirectly  for  the  benefit  of  the  enemy  or  the  enemy’s  allies.  It  co¬ 
operated  with  the  Bureau  of  Exports  and  the  Bureau  of  Imports 
in  the  enforcement  of  measures  for  the  conservation  of  tonnage. 

The  Bureau  of  Enemy  Trade  considered  and  acted  on  applica¬ 
tions  for  licenses  involving  trading  with,  or  on  behalf  of,  or  for  the 
benefit  of  the  enemy  or  the  enemy’s  allies.  It  considered  and  acted 
upon  applications  for  license  to  enter  into,  or  consummate  financial 
or  other  business  transactions  with  persons,  firms,  or  corporations 
throughout  the  world,  known  or  believed  to  be  enemies  or  alhes  of 
the  enemy,  within  the  meaning  of  those  terms  as  used  in  the  trading 
with  the  enemy  act. 

Publications 

Report  of  the  War  Trade  Board  for  the  Period  ended  December  31, 
1917  (Washington,  1918,  10  pages). 

A  report  to  the  President  by  the  chairman  of  the  board.  It  outlines  the 
functions  of  the  several  units  of  the  board  and  contains  a  small  amount  of 
historical  matter. 

Report  of  the  War  Trade  Board  (Washington,  1920,  476  pages).  A 
report  to  the  President  by  the  chairman  of  the  board,  June  30,  1919. 

A  most  important  document  and  essential  to  any  study  of  the  War  Trade 
Board.  It  is  divided  into  six  parts:  Establishment  of  the  War  Trade  Board 
and  delegation  of  povrers  to  it;  The  war  trade  policy  of  the  United  States 
and  the  functions  of  the  War  Trade  Board;  The  execution  of  the  functions 
of  the  War  Trade  Board;  The  relaxation  of  war-time  control  over  trade; 
The  organization  of  the  War  Trade  Board;  Appendix,  containing  ten  ex¬ 
hibits,  as  follows:  Laws,  presidential  proclamations,  and  executive  orders; 
History  of  import  rulings ;  List  of  imports  controlled  by  government  agencies ; 
List  of  imports  controlled  through  trade  associations ;  Commodities  for  which 
importers  were  required  to  furnish  the  government  an  option  to  purchase; 
List  of  allocated  imports;  Export  conservation  list;  Export  allocations  of 
caustic  soda,  questionnaire;  Appropriations  and  expenditures;  Personnel  of 
the  War  Trade  Board.  The  text  is  accompanied  by  charts  showing:  exports 
from  the  United  States  to  various  foreign  countries ;  the  exports  from  and 
imports  to  the  United  States,  of  various  commodities;  tonnage;  and  the  or¬ 
ganization  of  the  War  Trade  Board  as  a  whole  and  each  of  its  subdivisions. 
This  is  one  of  the  most  important  contributions  to  the  economic  history  of 
the  war  that  has  been  published  by  the  government. 

Journal  of  the  War  Trade  Board  (Washington,  1917-1919).  Issued 
by  the  Division  of  Information  of  the  War  Trade  Board,  under  different 


WAR  TRADE  BOARD 


387 


formats,  and  in  23  numbers,  as  follows:  November  15,  December  10, 
1917 ;  January  8,  21,  February  1,  11,  May  1,  1918 ;  and  beginning  with 
June,  1918,  monthly,  without  special  date.  The  title  and  subtitle  change, 
as  does  the  size.  Nos.  7  and  15  contain  cumulative  indexes,  and  indexes 
covering  one  volume  only  are  contained  in  other  numbers  beginning 
with  No.  8. 

The  purpose  of  this  publication  is  stated  as  follows:  “The  Journal  is  in¬ 
tended  to  keep  branch  offices  of  the  Board,  Commercial  Attaches,  consuls, 
customs  officials,  industrial  and  commercial  organizations,  trade  journals,  ex¬ 
porters,  importers,  and  the  daily  press  informed  concerning  the  administra¬ 
tive  procedure  of  the  War  Trade  Board.”  It  contains  official  announcements 
of  the  board.  War  Trade  Board  Rulings,  other  statements  authorized  by  the 
board  during  the  period  covered  by  each  number,  material  relative  to  exports 
and  imports,  lists  of  commodities  requiring  export  license,  conservation  lists, 
and  other  materials  bearing  on  the  special  field  of  the  board,  published  in 
order  that  exporters,  importers,  and  shippers  might  carry  on  their  work  with 
full  knowledge  of  the  methods  of  procedure  necessary.  The  Journal  circu¬ 
lated  in  editions  ranging  from  25,000  to  45,000  for  each  number.  One  copy 
was  sent  to  all  individuals,  firms,  and  corporations  on  the  mailing  list  of  the 
War  Trade  Board,  including  applicants  for  export  licenses.  A  complete  set  is 
available  in  the  Library  of  Congress  and  in  other  libraries. 

Rulings  and  Regulations  of  the  War  Trade  Board.  Two  parts :  No.  1 
has  subtitle.  Official  Information  for  Shippers,  Exporters,  Importers, 
and  Commercial  and  Trade  Organizations,  November,  1917  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1917,  69  pages)  ;  No.  2  has  subtitle.  Manual  for  Shippers  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1918,  112  pages).  No.  1  is  a  compilation  of  the  regulations  of 
the  War  Trade  Board  to  November,  1917.  No.  2  is  a  second  edition  of 
No.  1,  together  with  some  new  regulations.  Regulations  issued  later  than 
the  date  of  No.  2  were  published  in  the  Journal  of  the  War  Trade  Board. 

Rules  and  Regulations  of  the  Bureau  of  Imports  of  the  War  Trade 
Board  (Washington,  1918,  25  pages).  Embraces  various  forms  used  in 
the  bureau  until  they  became  obsolete. 

Directory  of  th€  War  Trade  Board  and  Its  Bureaus  (Washington, 
1917  and  1918,  4  editions:  No.  1,  December  19,  1917,  12  pages;  No.  2, 
February  1,  1918,  19  pages;  No.  3,  May,  1918,  19  pages;  September, 
1918,  19  pages).  After  the  4th  edition  mimeographed  sheets  showing 
changes  in  personnel  were  issued  about  every  two  weeks. 

Trading  with  the  Enemy,  Enemy  Trading  List  (Washington,  1917 
and  1918,  three  parts).  Part  1  (1917,  28  pages),  contains  notes  on  the 
enemy  trading  list  and  the  list ;  a  supplement  of  8  pages  was  issued  Janu¬ 
ary  15, 1918.  Part  2  (March  15,  1918, 152  pages)  superseded  all  previ- 


388 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


ous  lists,  supplements  and  announcements.  It  has  17  supplements;  (1) 
April  15,  1918,  6  pages;  (2)  May  1,  1918,  8  pages;  (3)  May  17, 
1918,  16  pages,  with  cumulative  index  embracing  the  dates  March  15 
to  May  17,  1918;  (4)  May  31,  1918,  20  pages;  (5)  June  14,  1918, 
24  pages;  (6)  June  28,  1918,  29  pages;  (7)  July  12,  1918,  31  pages; 
(8)  July  26,  1918,  37  pages;  (9)  August  9,  1918,  39  pages;  (10) 
August  23,  1918,  40  pages;  (11)  September  6,  1918,  44  pages;  (12) 
September  20,  1918,  47  pages;  (13)  October  4,  1918,  50  pages;  (14) 
October  18,  1918,  51  pages;  (15)  November  1,  1918,  52  pages;  (16) 
November  15,  1918,  54  pages;  (17)  November  29,  1918,  56  pages. 
Part  3  (December  13,  1918,  195  pages)  has  2  supplements:  (1)  Janu¬ 
ary  24,  1919,  12  pages;  (2)  February  7,  1919,  16  pages. 

Export  Conservation  List,  May  17,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  8 
pages). 

Export  Conservation  List.  Effective  October  15,  1918  (Washington, 
1918,  19  pages).  Contains  additions  and  modifications  from  May  17, 
1918,  to  October  15,  1918.  Superseded  all  previous  export  conserva¬ 
tion  lists. 

Export  Conservation  List.  Effective  December  6, 1918  (Washington, 
1918,  14  pages).  Contains  additions  and  modifications  from  October  15 
to  December  6,  1918.  Superseded  all  previous  export  conservation  lists. 

Export  Conservation  List.  Modifications  and  Removals  Not  Previ¬ 
ously  Announced  are  Effective  on  This  Date  (Washington,  1918,  7 
pages).  Superseded  all  previous  export  conservation  lists.  This  and  the 
following  list  show  the  relaxation  that  began  immediately  after  the 
signing  of  the  armistice. 

Export  Conservation  List.  Modifications  and  Removals  Not  Previ¬ 
ously  Armounced  are  Effective  on  This  Date  (Washington,  1918,  7 
pages).  Superseded  all  previous  export  conservation  lists. 

Control  of  Exportations  and  Importations  under  the  Espionage  and 
Trading  with  the  Enemy  Acts,  by  Edmund  W.  Van  Dyke,  is  an  unpub¬ 
lished  compilation  available  only  in  galley  proof  (1920,  28  galleys).  It 
shows  what  commodities  were  from  time  to  time  included  in  the  export 
conservation  lists  and  lists  of  restricted  imports,  and  gives  dates  of 
inclusion  in,  and  removals  from,  such  lists. 

War  Trade  Board.  Bureau  of  Transportation.  General  Rttles.  No.  1. 
“Governing  Granting  Licenses  for  Lumber,  Fuel,  Port,  Sea  and  Ship’s 
Stores  and  Supplies”  (Washington,  n.d.,  printed  on  two  sheets  of  paper 
letter  size). 

Coal-Tar  Dyes  for  Which  Import  Licenses  Were  Granted  during  the 
Fiscal  Year  1920,  by  Charles  S.  Hawes  (Washington,  1921,  50  pages. 


WAR  TRADE  BOARD 


389 


2  tables).  Table  1  contains  statistics  relative  to  dyes  licensed  by  classes ; 
table  2  contains  statistics  of  dyes  licensed  by  brands. 

The  following  agreements  were  published  for  the  confidential  use  of 
the  government  and  subsequently  reprinted  from  the  originals : 

Memorandum  between  the  War  Trade  Board  of  the  United  States  of 
America  and  the  Government  of  Switzerland  relating  to  Exports  from  the 
United  States  to  Switzerland.  December  5,  1917  (Washington,  1918,  13 
pages). 

Memorandum  of  Agreement  between  the  War  Trade  Board  .  .  .  and  the 
Norwegian  Government  relating  to  Exports  from  the  United  States  to  Nor¬ 
way.  April  30,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  13  pages). 

Memorandum  of  Agreement  between  the  British,  French,  and  Italian  Gov¬ 
ernments  and  the  Swedish  Government.  May  29,  1918.  Adhered  to  by  the  War 
Trade  Board  by  a  memorandum  of  May  29,  1918,  set  out  therein  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1918,  46  pages). 

Danish  Agreement.  Agreement  between  the  War  Trade  Board  and  Danish 
Special  Shipping  Committee  (Fragthavn) ,  September  18,  1918;  agreement 
between  the  War  Trade  Board  and  the  Merehants’  Guild  of  Copenhagen  and 
the  Danish  Chamber  of  Manufaeturers,  September  18,  1918;  letter  from  the 
chairman  of  the  War  Trade  Board  to  the  Minister  of  Denmark,  September 
18,  1918;  letter  from  the  Minister  of  Denmark  to  the  chairman  of  the  War 
Trade  Board,  September  18,  1918;  letter  from  the  chairman,  September  21, 
1918  (Washington,  1918,  43  pages). 

Agreement  between  the  Royal  Netherlands  Government  and  the  British, 
French,  and  Italian  Governments  and  the  War  Trade  Board.  November  25, 
1918  (Washington,  1919,  11  pages). 

Joint  Agreement  between  the  Governments  of  Great  Britain,  France,  and 
Italy  and  the  Netherlands  Oversea  Trust.  Adhered  to  by  the  War  Trade 
Board.  December  17,  1918  (Washington,  1919,  13  pages). 

Memorandum  between  the  Governments  of  France  and  Great  Britain  and 
the  War  Trade  Board  and  the  Swiss  Confederation.  January  22,  1919  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  8  pages). 

The  Rationing  and  Tonnage  Negotiations  with  Switzerland,  by  the  Bureau 
of  Research  and  Statistics,  War  Trade  Board  (Washington,  1919,  146  pages). 

Export  Trade  Policy  of  the  United  Kingdom,  1913-1918  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1918,  60  pages),  by  the  Bureau  of  Research. 

Stowage  of  Ship  Cargoes  (Washington,  1919,  69  pages),  compiled  in 
the  Division  of  Tabulation  and  Statistics. 

The  following  publications  were  either  compiled  by  members  of 
the  staff  of  the  War  Trade  Board  and  published  by  other  branches 
of  the  government  or  were  compiled  jointly  by  the  War  Trade 
Board  and  some  other  government  agency: 


390 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Government  Control  over  Prices,  by  Paul  Willard  Garrett  assisted  by 
Isador  Lubin  and  Stella  Stewart  (Washington,  1920,  834  pages).  This 
is  No,  3  of  the  bulletins,  edited  by  Wesley  C.  Mitchell,  which  constitute 
a  “History  of  Prices  during  the  War.”  This  particular  bulletin  was 
prepared  and  published  by  the  War  Trade  Board  in  cooperation  with 
the  War  Industries  Board.  It  is  a  record  and  an  analysis  of  price  regu¬ 
lation  exercised  by  the  government  during  the  war. 

Stowage  Factors  for  Ship  Cargoes:  Space  Requirements  of  Com¬ 
modities  Packed  for  Overseas  Shipment  (Washington,  1919,  72  pages). 
The  first  edition  was  compiled  by  the  Division  of  Tabulation  and  Sta¬ 
tistics,  War  Trade  Board,  and  published  by  the  board.  A  revised  edi¬ 
tion  was  published  the  same  year  by  the  United  States  Shipping  Board. 

Stowage  of  Ship  Cargoes,  by  Thomas  Rothwell  Taylor  (Washington, 
1920,  350  pages).  This  is  an  expansion  of  the  preceding  under  the 
auspices  of  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Commerce. 

Economic  Aspects  of  the  Commerce  and  Industry  of  the  Netherlands, 
191^-1918,  by  Blaine  F.  Moore  (Washington,  1919,  109  pages).  This 
is  one  of  five  economic  studies  of  foreign  countries  during  the  war  by 
the  Bureau  of  Research  and  Statistics,  War  Trade  Board,  that  have 
been  published  by  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  De¬ 
partment  of  Commerce.  The  other  four  are : 

The  Economic  Position  of  the  United  Kingdom:  1912-1918,  by  Wil¬ 
liam  A,  Patton  (Washington,  1919,  160  pages). 

Brazil,  A  Study  of  Economic  Conditions  since  1913,  by  Arthur  H. 
Redfield  assisted  by  Helen  Watkins  (Washington,  1920,  99  pages). 

The  Economic  Position  of  Switzerland  during  the  War,  by  Louis  A. 
Rufener  (Washington,  1919,  88  pages). 

The  Economic  Position  of  Argentina  during  the  War,  by  L.  Brewster 
Smith,  Harry  T.  CoUings,  and  Elizabeth  Murphey  (Washington,  1920, 
140  pages). 


Records 

The  records  of  the  War  Trade  Board  and  of  the  organizations 
which  preceded  it  were,  with  a  few  exceptions,  transferred  to  the 
War  Trade  Board  Section  of  the  Department  of  State  and  have 
remained  in  the  custody  of  that  department  since  the  War  Trade 
Board  Section  was  abolished  in  May,  1921.  For  the  most  part  they 
are  in  the  original  vertical  filing  cases,  of  which  there  are  more  than 
1800  four-drawer  sections,  and  nineteen  steel  safes.  They  are  de- 


WAR  TRADE  BOARD 


391 


scribed  by  their  custodian,  E.  W.  Van  Dyke,  in  a  typewritten 
memorandum  entitled,  “Records  in  the  Files  of  the  War  Trade 
Board  Section  of  the  Department  of  State”  (March  21,  1921,  47 
pages). 

An  inventory  of  the  records  of  each  unit  of  the  organization  fol¬ 
lows: 


The  Board 

Minutes  of  the  meetings  of  the  board. 

Certified  copies  of  the  proclamations,  executive  orders,  and  instructions 
under  which  it  acted. 

Instructions  of  the  board  to  its  subdivisions  and  its  foreign  representatives. 

Regulations  and  press  notices  issued  by  the  board  from  time  to  time. 

Agreements  made  by  the  board  with  certain  European  neutral  nations,  to¬ 
gether  with  correspondence  and  memoranda  relative  to  the  negotiations  pre¬ 
ceding  the  agreements. 

Correspondence  with  the  President  and  other  government  officials. 

Correspondence  and  notes  of  conferences  with  the  various  war  missions 
and  diplomatic  representatives  of  other  governments  in  this  country,  and  with 
representatives  of  the  board  abroad. 

Cablegrams  to  and  from  foreign  representatives  and  agents  of  the  board, 
consuls  of  the  United  States,  and  other  United  States  government  officials 
stationed  in  foreign  countries. 

Reports  and  memoranda  submitted  to  the  board  by  officers  of  other  war 
boards  and  departments  of  the  government,  also  note  of  conferences  with 
these  officers. 

Reports  and  memoranda  submitted  to  the  board  by  members  of  its  own 
personnel. 

Minutes  of  the  meetings  of  the  Inter- Allied  Blockade  Committee  in  London 
and  of  other  foreign  war  organizations. 

Miscellaneous  papers  and  data  bearing  on  the  work  of  the  board. 

General  Instructions  (mimeographed  or  multigraphed).  These  were  in¬ 
structions  given  by  the  board  itself  to  the  Bureau  of  Exports  or  to  that  bu¬ 
reau  and  the  other  bureaus  and  offices  as  well.  They  were  generally  of  a 
confidential  nature,  but  public  announcements  were  frequently  based  on 
them.  They  were  issued  during  the  entire  period  of  the  board’s  existence, 
generally  after  the  board  meetings  and  by  and  with  the  authority  of  the 
board.  A  few  are  in  printed  form.  Many  were  instructions  to  the  Bureau  of 
Exports  to  issue  licenses  to  export. 

Special  Instructions  (mimeographed  or  multigraphed).  These  treated  spe¬ 
cial  matters  of  importance  and  were  issued  for  the  use  of  the  several  sub¬ 
divisions  of  the  board.  Some  of  them  were  with  regard  to  matters  related  to 
shipping.  They  numbered  some  250  to  300. 

Export  Interpretative  Rulings  (mimeographed  or  multigraphed).  These 


392 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


consisted  of  rulings  by  the  board  pertaining  to  exports.  They  were  num¬ 
bered  serially  to  300  or  higher;  some  unnumbered. 

Import  Interpretative  Rulings  (mimeographed  or  multigraphed) .  These 
consisted  of  rulings  by  the  board  pertaining  to  exports.  They  were  num¬ 
bered  serially  from  1  (November  30,  1917)  to  648  (October  1,  1919)  or 
higher;  some  unnumbered. 

War  Trade  Board  Regulations  (mimeographed  or  multigraphed).  About 
1000  in  number,  of  which  Nos.  1  (January  2,  1918)  to  849  (May  3,  1919) 
are  numbered  serially.  Those  issued  in  1917  were  also  numbered  as  of  that 
year  (No.  1-T7  (July  9)  to  No.  85-T7)  ;  a  few  were  unnumbered.  Some  of 
these  regulations  were  released  to  the  press,  while  other  were  confidential  in 
nature.  Among  them  are  certain  doeuments  of  great  importanee,  as,  for  in¬ 
stance,  “The  Commercial  Agreement  with  Norway,  of  May  4,  1918.”  Those 
regulations  to  which  publicity  was  given  were  issued  through  the  Journal  of 
the  War  Trade  Board,  the  United  States  Official  Bulletin,  Commerce  Re¬ 
ports,  two  pamphlets,  and  the  daily  newspapers. 

Instructions  to  the  Bureau  of  Enemy  Trade  (mimeographed  or  multi¬ 
graphed).  About  200.  Not  numbered  serially. 

Contraband  Committee 

Book  of  minutes  of  its  decisions,  and  various  records. 

Bureau  of  Administration 

Books,  vouchers,  correspondence ;  records  of  appointments,  services,  resig¬ 
nations,  etc.,  of  members,  officers,  and  employees  of  the  board;  miscellaneous 
records. 

Division  of  Information 

Correspondence,  mailing  lists,  official  sets  of  the  various  publications  of 
the  hoard,  instructions  to  bureaus  and  personnel,  and  mimeographed  or  multi¬ 
graphed  advance  copies  of  announcements  and  regulations. 

Daily  record  (mimeographed  or  multigraphed).  Issued  every  working  day 
morning,  October  17,  1917,  to  June  30,  1919.  Beginning  with  No.  48,  the 
paper  appeared  under  a  special  head  which  was  changed  slightly  at  a  later 
date.  This  was  the  confidential  bulletin  of  the  War  Trade  Board  and  con¬ 
tained  the  official  announcements  of  the  board  to  the  staff,  announcements  of 
bureau  directors,  matters  pertaining  to  internal  administration,  and  other 
data.  As  such  it  was  the  medium  for  the  distribution  among  the  several  units 
of  the  board  of  the  regulations  which  were  to  be  released  on  the  following 
day.  No.  1,  for  example,  contained  the  following:  Additions  to  Conservation 
List;  Complete  Conservation  List;  and  Complete  List  of  Articles  requiring 
License. 

Daily  Digest  of  News  and  Comment  (mimeographed  or  multigraphed). 
Issued  daily  from  April  27,  1918,  to  March  17,  1919.  It  appeared  under  a 


WAR  TRADE  BOARD 


393 


printed  title  and  head  as  follows:  “War  Trade  Board.  Digest  of  News  and 
Comment.  This  Digest  published  daily  at  noon,  reflects  only  the  sentiments 
of  the  newspapers  and  other  publications  quoted.  Clippings  quoted  are  on 
file  in  the  Division  of  Information.”  This  caption  was  later  changed  to 
“Daily  Digest  of  the  Press.  Clippings  quoted  are  on  file  in  the  Division  of 
Information.”  The  paper  contained  a  summary  of  articles  appearing  in  forty 
newspapers  and  more  than  two  hundred  technical  and  trade  periodicals  re¬ 
ceived  in  the  War  Trade  Board,  referring  either  directly  to  the  activities  of 
the  War  Trade  Board  or  dealing  with  subjects  of  special  importance  to  the 
members  of  the  organization.  The  circulation  reached  300  copies,  of  which 
190  were  within  the  board  itself  and  110  outside. 

The  War  Trade  Board  News.  Contained  welfare  and  organization  news 
which  it  was  thought  might  be  interesting  and  helpful  to  the  employees.  It 
was  of  slight  importance  and  was  discontinued  before  the  War  Trade  Board 
was  dissolved. 

The  Confidential  Suspect  List  (mimeographed  or  multigraphed) .  This  list, 
which  was  for  consultation  in  the  War  Trade  Board  only  and  did  not  circu¬ 
late  outside,  was  issued  confidentially  by  the  Division  of  Information.  It 
was,  however,  open  for  consultation  by  shippers  and  interested  persons. 

The  Cloaks  List  (mimeographed  or  multigraphed).  Issued  confidentially 
by  the  Division  of  Information  and  used  in  much  the  same  way  as  the  Confi¬ 
dential  Suspect  List. 

News  clippings.  Several  file  cases  are  filled  with  clippings  made  by  the 
bureau’s  clipping  service.  Some  of  these  are  stored  in  the  sub-basement  of 
the  State,  War,  and  Navy  Building. 


Bureau  of  Branches  and  Customs 

Instructions  and  interpretations  forwarded  from  time  to  time  to  branch 
offices. 

Reports  from  branch  offices. 

Memoranda  and  letters  from  branch  offices. 

Instructions  received  from  the  board. 

Correspondence  with  other  bureaus  of  the  board. 

Instructions  to  and  correspondence  with  the  Customs  Division  of  the 
Treasury  Department  and  individual  collectors  of  the  customs. 

Correspondence  with  the  traffic  executive  of  the  allied  powers  in  the 
United  States,  and  with  various  other  beneficiaries  of  the  general  or  blanket 
lieenses  whieh  were  issued  by  the  board  in  speeial  cases. 

Correspondenee  with  braneh  offiees  as  to  routine  and  details  eonnected  with 
their  work. 


Bureau  of  Research  and  Statistics 

Correspondence,  economic  data  and  studies,  memoranda,  instructions,  etc. 
Record  cards  punched  by  means  of  tabulating  machines  for  the  period 


394 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


September  1,  1917,  to  May  10,  1919,  when  such  tabulations  were  discon¬ 
tinued;  12,378,356  cards  showing  export  and  import  licenses  granted  and 
refused  and  actual  exportations  and  importations,  arranged  by  commodity 
groups  and  countries. 

Daily  and  monthly  tabulations:  Daily  report  of  licenses  granted  for  ex¬ 
portation  of  foodstuffs  to  eleven  country  groups,  showing  quantities,  values, 
and  the  number  of  licenses ;  Monthly  reports  of  exportation  of  coal,  showing 
countries,  number  of  shipments,  quantities  and  values ;  Daily  report  in  detail 
of  licenses  granted  for  exportation  to  Mexico;  Monthly  report  of  licenses 
for  exportation  of  arms  and  ammunition  to  Mexico;  Monthly  report  of  li¬ 
censes  granted  for  importation  of  certain  groups  of  commodities  from  Rus¬ 
sia  ;  Monthly  report  of  licenses  granted  for  exportation  to  Argentina,  Brazil, 
and  Uruguay,  showing  quantities,  values,  value  per  ton,  percentage  of  actual 
exportations  to  quantities  licensed,  stowage  factors,  value  per  cubic  foot, 
etc.  About  1000  of  such  tabulations  were  issued  in  1918. 

List  of  Data  available  in  the  Bureau  of  Research,  War  Trade  Board,  issued 
in  mimeograph  November  1,  1918  (84  pages).  The  list  (No.  2739)  is  ar¬ 
ranged  alphabetically,  beginning  with  “Abrasives,”  and  ending  with  “Zinc.” 
Its  character  may  be  seen  from  the  following  citations : 

Abrasives.  United  States  imports,  1917,  monthly  by  countries  and  districts  of  entry. 

Brazil.  Imports  of  rice,  1911-1916. 

Meat  and  Dairy  Products.  United  States  exports  to  Chile,  Peru,  and  Bolivia,  July, 
1916-June,  1917. 

Tungsten.  From  South  China. 

Zinc.  U.S.  Exports  of  spelter  cast  in  pigs  and  slabs,  produced  from  foreign  ore, 
July,  1917-February,  1919  (by  months). 

Additions  to  List  of  Data  available  in  the  Files  of  the  Bureau  of  Research 
and  Statistics,  War  Trade  Board  (mimeographed).  Supplement  No.  1,  No¬ 
vember  1,  1917-February  1,  1918  (32  pages)  ;  contains  only  additions  to  the 
complete  list  issued  on  November  1,  1918.  Much  of  the  data  noted  in  these 
lists  is  highly  important.  Some  of  it  should,  however,  be  checked  back  against 
the  original  sources  in  order  to  avoid  inaccuracies. 

Bureau  of  War  Trade  Intelligence 

Various  card  records:  e.g.  (1)  information  taken  from  letters  and  written 
reports  (about  1200  daily  at  the  height  of  the  activities  of  the  bureau)  and 
hectographed  on  5  x  8  inch  cards,  of  which  about  600,000  had  been  accumu¬ 
lated  when  the  bureau  ceased  to  operate  in  April,  1919;  (2)  record  of 
persons  and  concerns,  the  property  or  interests  of  whom  were  in  question  or 
had  been  taken  over  by  the  government. 

Forms  used  in  the  bureau. 

Correspondence,  reports,  and  memoranda  relative  to  the  investigations  of 
the  bureau,  and  notes  of  oral  information  obtained  by  the  personnel  of  the 
bureau  in  the  course  of  the  investigations. 


WAR  TRADE  BOARD 


395 


Status  and  other  reports  and  memoranda  from  the  branch  offices  of  the 
War  Trade  Board  and  its  representatives  and  agents  abroad. 

Letters,  comments,  and  reports  relative  to  the  information  obtained  from 
letters  that  had  been  intercepted  by  the  several  censorships. 

Secret  service  reports,  about  2500  in  number,  relative  to  the  status  of  indi¬ 
vidual  persons  and  concerns. 

Inter-  and  intra-bureau  correspondence. 

Correspondence  with  branch  offices  of  the  War  Trade  Board. 

Correspondence  with  other  departments  of  the  government,  various  intelli¬ 
gence  services.  Committee  of  Public  Information,  Federal  Reserve  Board, 
Federal  Trade  Commission,  Alien  Property  Custodian,  and  other  war  or¬ 
ganizations. 

Correspondence  with  foreign  diplomatic  and  consular  officers  in  the  United 
States,  and  war  missions  of  the  entente  powers  to  the  United  States. 

Enemy  trading  lists,  compiled  by  the  bureau. 

Confidential  consignors  list,  compiled  by  the  bureau. 

Suspect  and  Cloaks  lists,  compiled  by  the  bureau. 

Bureau  of  Foreign  Agents 

By  departmental  order  No.  143,  of  July  1,  1919,  after  the  Department  of 
State  had  assumed  control  of  the  War  Trade  Board,  the  administration  of 
the  Bureau  of  Foreign  Agents,  together  with  its  equipment  and  personnel, 
was  placed  under  the  direction  of  the  chief  of  the  Consular  Bureau  of  the 
Department  of  State.  The  records  of  the  Bureau  of  Foreign  Agents  are 
now,  therefore,  a  part  of  the  records  of  the  Consular  Bureau ;  but  copies  of 
most  of  the  reports  and  of  the  cable  correspondence  with  foreign  representa¬ 
tives  and  agents  are  in  the  files  of  the  secretary  of  the  War  Trade  Board,  of 
the  Bureau  of  Enemy  Trade,  and  of  the  Bureau  of  War  Trade  Intelligence. 


Bureau  of  Exports 

Applications  for  license,  more  than  3,000,000  in  number ;  copies  of  the  ex¬ 
port  licenses ;  notices  of  refusal  to  grant  license. 

Copies  of  the  various  forms  used  in  the  bureau. 

Correspondence  with  applicants  for  export  licenses. 

Correspondence  in  the  nature  of  inquiries  and  answers  to  inquiries  relative 
to  license  requirements,  procedure,  and  country  and  commodity  regulations. 

Memoranda  and  correspondence  with,  and  report  from,  other  departments 
of  the  government. 

Statistical  information,  etc.,  with  respect  to  various  commodities  with  which 
the  trade  advisers  and  officers  of  the  bureau  were  obliged  to  acquaint  them¬ 
selves  in  order  properly  to  perform  their  duties  in  passing  on  applications 
for  licenses. 

Data,  memoranda,  etc.,  relative  to  the  necessities  of  the  neutral  countries. 


396 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


their  requirements  in  connection  -with  manufactures  for  the  allies,  the  ra¬ 
tioning  of  their  supplies,  the  possibilities  of  exchanges  of  commodities,  the 
distribution  of  commodities  exported  from  the  United  States,  and  the  pro¬ 
curing  from  consignors  abroad  of  guarantees  against  reexport. 

Correspondence  with  the  Allied  Provisions  Export  Commission  and  Wheat 
Export  Company,  organizations  intrusted  with  purchases  in  this  country  for 
the  allied  powers. 

Correspondence  with,  and  data  from,  other  war  organizations  and  depart¬ 
ments  of  the  government  with  regard  to  the  requirements  of  the  government, 
and  with  regard  to  the  conservation  of  commodities  and  materials,  quantities 
available  for  export,  available  transportation  facilities,  etc. 

In  the  latter  part  of  1917,  following  the  institution  of  export  control, 
approximately  425,000  applications  for  export  license  were  considered ; 
in  1918,  more  than  2,000,000  were  considered,  and  more  than  230,000 
refused ;  in  1919,  notwithstanding  that  relaxation  of  restriction  was  in 
progress,  a  very  large  number  of  applications  were  considered  and  li¬ 
censes  granted  or  refused.  During  1918,  about  50,000  letters  were  writ¬ 
ten  monthly  by  the  bureau. 

Bureau  of  Imports 

Applications  for  import  licenses,  approximately  210,000  in  number,  and 
official  copies  of  the  lieenses  and  allocation  certificates  issued  thereon. 

Notices  of  refusal  to  grant  import  licenses. 

Copies  of  the  various  forms  used  in  the  bureau. 

Correspondence  with  respect  to  import  licenses  and  the  general  work  of  the 
bureau. 

Memoranda,  reports,  statistical  data,  etc.,  with  respect  to  economic  condi¬ 
tions  and  importations. 

Reports  and  information  received  from,  and  correspondence  with,  the  vari¬ 
ous  commercial  organizations  with  which  the  bureau  cooperated. 

Bulletins  and  announcements  sent  out,  and  forms  used  by  cooperating 
organizations  in  their  dealings  in  behalf  of  the  War  Trade  Board  as  as¬ 
signees  and  distributors. 

The  records  of  this  bureau  relating  to  importation  of  dyes  and  dye¬ 
stuffs,  synthetic  organic  chemicals,  synthetic  organic  drugs,  and  coal- 
tar  products  generally  were  transferred  to  the  Dye  and  Chemical  Sec¬ 
tion  of  the  Treasury  Department  under  section  501  of  the  emergency 
tariff  act  of  May  27,  1921.  Subsequently,  under  the  tariff  act  of  1922, 
these  records  were  transferred  in  part  to  the  head  office  of  the  Division 
of  Customs,  and  in  part  to  the  office  of  the  appraiser  of  merchandise  in 
New  York. 


WAR  TRADE  BOARD 


397 


Bureau  of  Transportation 

Applications  for  bunker  licenses,  with  official  copies  of  the  licenses  granted 
and  notices  of  refusal  to  grant  license. 

Copies  of  forms  used  in  the  bureau. 

Correspondence  with  applicants  for  licenses. 

Agreements,  guarantees,  and  other  evidences  of  obligation  on  the  part  of 
owners  and  masters  of  vessels  to  comply  with  the  conditions  imposed  by  the 
regulations  with  respect  to  chartering,  destination  of  vessels,  dunnage,  ap¬ 
proval,  inspection,  and  supervision  of  cargoes,  as  to  non-enemy  ownership  or 
interest. 

Forms  in  which  consignments  of  cargoes  were  to  be  made. 

Records  relative  to  enemy  or  non-enemy  character  of  applicants  of  con¬ 
signees. 

Bureau  of  Enemy  Trade 

Applications  for  licenses,  of  which  about  25,000  were  considered,  together 
with  the  official  copies  of  licenses  and  notices  of  refusal  to  grant  license. 

Copies  of  forms  used  in  the  bureau. 

Correspondence  with  applicants  for  license. 

Reports  from,  and  memoranda  to  the  bureau,  showing  the  action  by  the 
Bureau  of  War  Trade  Intelligence  in  connection  with  applications  for  license. 

Memoranda  and  data  used  in  the  consideration  of  applications. 

This  bureau  was  merged  with  the  Bureau  of  War  Trade  Intelligence 
in  May,  1919,  but  the  records  of  the  two  bureaus  were  not  consolidated. 


UNITED  STATES  FOOD  ADMINISTRATION 


Organization  and  Functions 

The  United  States  Food  Administration  was  organized  on  a  volun¬ 
tary  basis  in  May,  1917,  but  its  work  was  chiefly  educational  until 
its  establishment  by  executive  order  of  August  10,  1917,  under 
authority  of  the  act  of  the  same  date:  “An  act  to  provide  further 
for  the  national  security  and  defense  by  encouraging  the  produc¬ 
tion,  conserving  the  supply,  and  controlling  the  distribution  of  food 
products  and  fuel.”  After  the  armistice  its  activities  were  greatly 
curtailed  and  after  August  21, 1920,  it  ceased  to  exist. 

The  activities  of  the  Food  Administration  were  as  follows:  (1) 
educational  campaign,  to  secure  the  voluntary  cooperation  of  the 
people  in  carrying  out  the  measures  of  the  Food  Administration; 
(2)  measures  of  food  conservation,  the  object  of  which  was  to  save 
wheat,  meat,  fats,  and  sugar,  in  order  to  meet  the  needs  of  the 
allies  and  to  provide  against  possible  domestic  shortage;  (3)  meas¬ 
ures  to  reduce  the  cost  of  distribution  and  to  eliminate  profiteering 
by  means  of  licensing  and  voluntary  agreements;  (4)  measures  to 
secure  an  equitable  and  adequate  distribution  of  food  by  regulating 
the  amount  of  sales  and  by  controlling  transportation;  (5)  coordi¬ 
nation  of  purchases  for  the  governments  of  the  United  States  and 
of  the  allies,  allocation  of  purchases  among  sailors,  and  direct  pur¬ 
chases  of  certain  staples,  especially  wheat  and  sugar;  (6)  measures 
to  secure  adequate  production  through  the  guarantee  or  stabiliza¬ 
tion  of  prices;  (7)  insuring  an  adequate  supply  of  certain  collateral 
commodities,  such  as  jute  bags,  binder  twine,  arsenic,  ammonia,  tin, 
etc. 

The  Food  Administration  was  organized  in  a  central  administra¬ 
tion  located  in  Washington,  and  in  branch  administrations  in  each 
State.  The  former  was  organized  in  various  divisions:  Cereals, 
Meats  and  fats.  Vegetables  and  fruits.  Sea  food.  Dairy  products, 
Sugar,  Enforcement  of  regulations.  Exports  and  imports.  Storage, 
Conservation,  Railway  transportation.  Overseas  transport.  Distri¬ 
bution,  Coordinated  allied  army  and  navy  purchases.  States  rela¬ 
tions,  Licensing,  Statistics,  etc.  The  state  administrations,  under 


UNITED  STATES  FOOD  ADMINISTRATION 


399 


which  were  organized  county  and  city  administrations,  had  a  wide 
range  of  administrative  functions.  There  were  also  organized  from 
time  to  time  as  need  arose  various  boards,  inter-departmental  or 
inter-ally,  and  numerous  committees  of  producers,  dealers,  and  dis¬ 
tributors,  which  acted  in  an  advisory  capacity  or  facilitated  the 
work  of  the  Food  Administration. 

Two  corporations  were  created  to  act  as  agents  of  the  Food  Ad¬ 
ministration  in  purchasing  and  selling.  The  first  of  these,  the 
Food  Administration  Grain  Corporation,  was  organized  by  execu¬ 
tive  order  of  August  14,  1917,  for  the  purpose  of  buying  and 
selling  wheat  and  controlling  its  price;  on  June  30,  1919,  it  was 
reorganized  by  executive  order  of  May  14,  1919,  under  authority 
of  the  wheat  control  act  of  March  4,  of  that  year,  as  the  United 
States  Grain  Corporation  under  the  control  of  the  Wheat  Direc¬ 
tor.  When  the  United  States  Food  Administration  and  the  office  of 
Wheat  Director  were  abolished  by  executive  order,  August  21, 
1920,  the  head  of  the  United  States  Grain  Corporation  was  desig¬ 
nated  its  president  and  director.  The  other  corporation  was  the 
Sugar  Equalization  Board,  created,  July  11,  1918,  by  executive 
authority,  for  the  purpose  of  cooperating  with  the  allies  in  the 
purchase  of  Cuban  sugar  and  of  controlling  its  distribution  in  the 
United  States. 


Publications 

A  convenient  compilation  of  laws  relating  to  the  Food  Administra¬ 
tion  is  Laws  of  the  Sixty-Fifth  and  Sixty-Sixth  Congresses  relating  to 
Food  (House  Document  Room,  1920,  152  pages).  This  contains  also 
the  executive  orders  and  proclamations  on  the  same  subject  and  the 
food  acts  of  1906,  1912,  and  1913  with  the  regulations  for  their  en¬ 
forcement. 

Brief  accounts  of  the  operations  of  the  Food  Administration  are 
contained  in  the  reports,  of  which  three  have  been  printed.  The  first  of 
these,  United  States  Food  Administration,  Report  for  the  Year  1917 
(House  Doc.  837,  65th  Cong.,  2  Sess.)  is  exceedingly  brief.  More  in¬ 
forming  is  the  Annual  Report  of  the  United  States  Food  Administration 
for  the  Year  1918  (Washington,  1919),  most  of  which  (pp.  59-317), 
is  devoted  to  the  publication  of  the  licensing  regulations  adopted  by 
the  administration,  the  most  convenient  form  in  which  they  have  been 
printed.  The  final  report  of  the  Food  Administration  has  not  been 


400 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


printed  but  there  has  been  privately  printed  by  Herbert  Hoover  a 
Preface  to  a  Report  of  the  United  States  Food  Admmistration  (April, 
1920),  which  contains  a  summary  in  fifty  pages  of  the  work  of  the 
administration.  A  manuscript  “History  of  the  Food  Administration,” 
in  about  160  typed  pages,  by  William  Mullendore,  has  been  prepared 
to  serve  as  a  complete  record  of  the  activities  of  the  Food  Administra¬ 
tion,  but  has  not  been  published  and  remains  in  the  files.  It  deals  with 
the  organization  and  powers  of  the  Food  Administration  and  takes  up 
in  turn  the  regulation  of  each  of  the  commodities  under  control. 

A  careful  contemporary  study  is  worthy  of  note:  “The  Wheat  and 
Flour  Trade  under  Food  Administration  Control,  1917-1918,”  by  Wil¬ 
fred  Eldred  in  Quarterly  Journal  of  Economics  (XXXIII,  pp.  1-70, 
November,  1918). 

An  unofficial  and  popular  account  of  one  of  the  most  important 
divisions  of  the  Food  Administration  has  been  published:  War  Time 
Control  of  Distribution  of  Foods.  A  Short  History  of  the  Distribution 
Division  of  the  United  States  Food  Administration,  its  Personnel  and 
Achievements  (New  York,  Macmillan,  1920,  164  pages),  by  Albert  N. 
Merritt,  a  member  of  the  staff  of  the  Food  Administration. 

The  Food  Administration  put  forth  from  time  to  time  a  great  num¬ 
ber  and  variety  of  publications.  The  Division  of  Bibliography  of  the 
Library  of  Congress  has  issued  in  mimeograph  a  “Trial  Check  List 
of  the  Publications  of  the  U.S.  Food  Administration”  in  which  are 
entered  425  items.  Most  of  these  are  educational  in  character,  designed 
to  be  of  service  in  the  campaign  for  food  conservation  and  to  provide 
material  for  speakers,  writers,  teachers,  and  others.  The  following  single 
publications  and  series  are  of  value  for  the  purposes  of  this  survey : 

Bulletin  No.  6  (Washington,  1917,  32  pages).  This  was  published  in 
August,  1917 ;  it  contains  the  plans  of  the  Food  Administration  for 
wheat,  bread,  and  flour  control  and  a  detailed  statement  of  the  food 
problem  of  the  country  under  the  headings.  Cereals,  Food  animals. 
Meats,  Dairy  products.  Wool  and  leather.  Sugar,  Vegetables,  and  Fish 
and  sea  foods. 

Policies  and  Plan  of  Operation:  Wheat,  Flour,  and  Bread  (December 
1,  1917,  no  imprint,  171  pages).  This  contains,  among  other,  sections 
on  the  following  subjects:  Marketing  the  1916  harvest.  World  supply 
of  wheat  for  1917,  Problems  in  the  1917  harvest.  Determination  of  a 
fair  price  for  government  purchase.  Organization  of  the  Grain  Cor¬ 
poration,  Organization  of  the  Milling  Division,  Organization  of  the 
Wholesale  and  Retail  Division,  Organization  of  the  Baking  Division, 
Rules  and  regulations.  Voluntary  agreements. 


UNITED  STATES  FOOD  ADMINISTRATION 


401 


Bulletin  No.  1'2.  A  Wheat  Conservation  Program  for  the  United 
States  (Washington,  February,  1918,  15  pages). 

Reference  Handbook  of  Food  Statistics  as  relating  to  the  War,  by 
Raymond  Pearl,  chief  of  the  Statistical  Division  of  the  Food  Adminis¬ 
tration,  and  Esther  Pearl  Matchett  (Washington,  1918,  124  pages). 

General  Index  Numbers  of  Food  Prices  on  a  Nutritive  Value  Basis,  by 
Raymond  Pearl  (U.S.  Food  Administration,  August,  1918,  13  pages). 

Production  of  Meat  in  the  United  States  and  its  Distribution  during 
the  War,  by  Stephen  Chase,  in  charge  of  Meat  and  Live-Stock  Section, 
Statistical  Division,  U.S.  Food  Administration  (Washington,  1918,  85 
pages).  This  contains  81  statistical  tables  and  11  charts. 

Weekly  Bulletin,  Nos.  1-32,  August,  1917-March  30,  1918.  Each 
number  consisted  of  a  group  of  releases  compiled  from  trade  and  techni¬ 
cal  journals  by  the  Trade  and  Technical  Press  Bureau  of  the  Food 
Administration.  The  subjects  chiefly  treated  are  economies  in  food, 
fuel,  power,  and  transportation.  A  set  is  in  the  Library  of  Congress. 

Official  Statement  of  the  Food  Administration,  Nos.  1-9,  June  6-De- 
cember  16,  1918.  Contains  statistics  and  reports  respecting  exports, 
stocks,  available  and  prospective  supplies,  etc. 

Minutes  of  the  Committee  on  Prices,  August  17-30,  1917.  This  is  a 
mimeographed  volume  containing  the  minutes  of  the  meetings  of  the  com¬ 
mittee,  H.  A.  Garfield,  chairman,  which  fixed  the  price  of  no.  1  Northern 
spring  wheat  at  $2.20.  With  the  minutes  are  bound  54  appendixes,  con¬ 
sisting  of  reports,  statements,  statistics,  memoranda,  etc.,  which  were 
considered  by  the  committee.  The  volume  here  described  is  in  the  Library 
of  Congress  among  the  publications  of  the  Food  Administration. 

The  Story  of  the  United  States  Grain  Corporation  (42  Broadway, 
New  York,  April  5,  1920,  19  pages).  A  brief  general  account  of 
operations. 

Grain  and  Flour  Statistics  during  the  War,  United  States  Grain  Cor¬ 
poration,  compiled  by  A.  L.  Russell,  statistician  (no  imprint,  1919,  43 
pages). 

Supplement  to  Gram  and  Flour  Statistics  during  the  War,  United 
States  Grain  Corporation,  compiled  by  A.  L.  Russell  (no  imprint,  1920, 
44  pages).  These  two  publications  consist  of  statistical  tables  based 
upon  the  reports  required  from  licensed  mills  and  elevators  by  the  Mill¬ 
ing  Division  of  the  Food  Administration  and  by  the  Grain  Corporation. 
The  first  of  these  publications  contains  34  tables,  among  which  are  the 
following:  Digest  of  mill  reports,  June  15,  1918;  Pre-war  flour  produc¬ 
tion  by  States;  Wheat  movement,  1917-1918;  Wheat  stocks,  1917- 
1918;  Wheat  movement  from  farms,  1917-1918;  Flour  purchases  by 


402 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Milling  Division  and  by  Grain  Corporation ;  Distribution  of  flour  pur¬ 
chases,  export  and  domestic.  Among  the  49  tables  in  the  Supplement, 
are  noted  the  following:  Wheat  movement  by  States  from  farms  and 
apparent  farm  disappearance  for  1917-1918;  Abstract  of  average 
flour  prices ;  Average  wholesale  bread  prices ;  Average  retail  bread 
prices ;  Exports  of  domestic  merchandise ;  Expoi’t  of  foodstuffs  during 
the  war ;  Wheat  and  flour  exports  and  distribution,  1917-1920. 

Conference  of  Representatives  of  the  Grain  Trade  of  the  United 
States,  Washington,  D.  C.,  August  15, 1917  (57  pages). 

Conference  of  the  Representatives  of  the  Grain  Trade  of  the  United 
States,  held  under  the  Auspices  of  the  United  States  Food  Administra¬ 
tion  Grain  Corporation,  New  York,  April  SO,  1918  (252  pages). 

Official  Statement  of  Wheat  Director,  Nos.  1-10,  October  1, 1919-July 

I,  1920  (New  York).  Statistical  information. 

Conference  of  Trade  Representatives  with  the  United  States  Wheat 
Director,  New  York,  June  10-11,  1919  (259  pages). 

A  Statistical  Survey  of  the  Sugar  Industry  and  Trade  of  the  United 
States,  1918  and  1919,  by  J.  Bernhardt  (New  York,  U.S.  Sugar  Equali¬ 
zation  Board,  1920,  113  pages).  Tables  and  diagrams  showing  receipts 
of  sugar,  destination  of  sugar,  etc.,  based  on  the  figures  secured  by  the 
Sugar  Equalization  Board. 

Government  Control  of  the  Sugar  Industry  in  the  United  States,  by 

J.  Bernhardt  (New  York,  Macmillan,  1920,  272  pages).  This  is  an 
account  of  the  work  of  the  Food  Administration  and  of  the  Sugar 
Equalization  Board.  It  constitutes  the  exposition  of  the  Statistical  Sur¬ 
vey,  noted  above. 


Records^ 

The  records  of  the  Food  Administration,  including  those  of  the 
state  organizations,  have  been  preserved  in  filing  drawers  and  boxes. 
The  following  account  deals  with  the  groups  of  these  records  which 
appear  to  have  the  greatest  value  for  the  present  survey. 

Statistical  Bulletins.  The  Bulletins,  issued  in  mimeographed  form  by 
the  Statistical  Division,  constitute  probably  the  most  valuable  single 
class  of  records.  They  were  intended  for  the  information  of  heads  of 
divisions  and  were  regarded  as  confidential  during  the  war.  Each  Bulle¬ 
tin  has  several  pages  and  contains  statistical  information,  with  tables, 

^  This  report  on  the  records  of  the  Food  Administration  was  prepared  by 
Everett  S.  Brown,  Ph.D.,  a  member  of  the  staff  of  the  Food  Administration 
during  its  entire  existence. 


UNITED  STATES  FOOD  ADMINISTRATION 


403 


diagrams,  etc.  By  way  of  illustration,  among  the  contents  of  Bulletin 
882,  of  March  22,  1918,  are  the  following:  Weekly  report  on  wheat  and 
flour.  Summary  of  the  movements  and  prices  of  wheat  and  flour  for  the 
week  ending  March  9,  Visible  supply  of  wheat  in  the  United  States, 
Distribution  of  stocks.  Flour  output  at  principal  milling  centers.  Do¬ 
mestic  exports  of  wheat.  Imports  of  wheat  and  flour  substitutes.  World 
shipments  of  wheat  and  flour.  Export  commitments  and  export  per¬ 
formance,  with  diagram,  January- June,  1918.  The  total  number  of 
these  Bulletins  was  1641 ;  they  were  numbered  serially,  but  were  grouped 
in  subseries  according  to  subject.  The  subjects  covered,  with  the  series 
numbers,  follow : 

Series  Subject 

1  Wheat — General 

2  Flour — General 

3  Weekly  report  on  wheat  and  flour 

4  Monthly  summary  on  wheat  and  flour 

5  Corn — General 

6  Weekly  report  on  corn 

7  Monthly  summary  on  corn 

8  Oats — General 

9  Weekly  report  on  oats 

10  Monthly  summary  on  oats 

1 1  Barley — General 

12  Weekly  report  on  barley 

13  Monthly  summary  on  barley 

14  Rye — General 

15  Weekly  report  on  rye 

16  Monthly  summary  on  rye 

17  Hay — General 

18  Weekly  report  on  hay 

19  Monthly  report  on  hay 

20  Potatoes — General 

21  Weekly  report  on  potatoes 

22  Monthly  report  on  potatoes 

23  Sugar — General 

24  Weekly  report  on  sugar 

25  Monthly  report  on  sugar 

26  Live  Stock — General 

27A  Weekly  report  on  hogs 

27B  Weekly  report  on  cattle 

27C  Weekly  report  on  sheep  and  lambs 

28  Monthly  report  on  meat 

29  Meat — General 


404 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Series  Sub  j  ect 

30  Monthly  report  on  cold  storage  holdings 

31  Eggs — General 

32  Monthly  report  on  eggs 

33  Dairy  Products — General 

34  Weekly  report  on  dairy  products 

35  Monthly  summary  on  dairy  products 

36  Garbage — General 

37  Monthly  report  on  garbage 

38  Exports  and  imports — General 

39  Monthly  report  on  exports 

40  Monthly  summary  on  exports 

41  Crop  report — General 

42  Weekly  report  on  foreign  crops 

43  Cotton  and  cotton  products 

44  Peanuts  and  peanut  products 

45  Canned  Goods — General 

46  Weekly  report  on  canned  goods 

47  Beverages 

48A  Prices — Monthly  report  on  Canadian  retail 

48B  Canadian — General 

48C  Monthly  index  numbers  on  English 

48D  English — General 

48E  Monthly  report  on  cottonseed 

48F  General 

49  Nutritive  values 

50  Conversion  units 

51  Miscellaneous 

52  Weekly  summary  of  commodity  reports 

53  Weekly  report  on  retail  prices,  preliminary. 

54  Weekly  report  on  retail  prices,  final 

55  Weekly  report  on  wholesale  prices 

56  Rice — General 

57  Beans — General 

58  Weekly  report  on  vegetable  oils 

59  Monthly  report  on  fish 

60  Quarterly  report  on  retail  prices 

61  Monthly  report  on  wholesale  dealers 

62  Price  histories 

62A  Current  prices  for  history  bulletins 

63  Monthly  report  on  coffee 

64  Relative  prices  on  selected  commodities 

An  index  was  made  for  every  two  hundred  bulletins.  In  the  first  place, 
a  cross-reference  table  gives  the  subject  and  series  file  numbers  of  the 


UNITED  STATES  FOOD  ADMINISTRATION 


405 


bulletins.  Lists  of  tables  follow,  showing  the  (I.)  Index  of  Weekly  Bulle¬ 
tins  ;  (II.-V.)  Weekly  Report  on  Foreign  Food  Situation  containing 
data  on  condition  of  crops  (II.),  production  (II.),  acreage  (III.), 
rations  (IV.),  and  prices  (V.)  of  foodstuffs  in  foreign  countries;  (VI.) 
Weekly  Report  on  Retail  Prices  in  the  United  States  and  Canada; 
(VII.)  Weekly  Report  on  Wholesale  Prices;  (VIII.)  Nutritive  Values, 
Relative  Cost  and  Retail  Prices;  (IX.)  Monthly  Report  on  Cold  Stor¬ 
age  Holdings  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  (containing  imports, 
exports,  and  wholesale  prices).  An  alphabetical  subject  list  completed 
the  index. 

License  Regulations.  The  Food  Administration,  under  authority  of 
the  Food  Control  Act,  issued  regulations  for  the  licensing  of  dealers  in 
various  food  commodities.  These  regulations  were  changed  from  time  to 
time,  as  necessity  demanded.  They  were  issued  first  in  pamphlet  form, 
then  by  mimeograph,  and  finally  in  loose-leaf  form.  Most,  but  not  all, 
of  these  regulations  will  be  found  in  the  appendix  to  the  Annual  Report 
of  the  United  States  Food  Administration  for  the  year  1918  (pp.  59- 
317).  Complete  sets  were  kept  on  file  at  the  Food  Administration  build¬ 
ing.  The  regulations  were  grouped  under  the  following  headings : 


I.  General: 

II.  Special: 

III.  Special: 

IV.  Special: 
V.  Special: 

VI.  Special: 
VII.  Special: 


VIII.  Special: 
IX.  Special: 


all  licensees  for  the  importation,  manufacture,  storage, 
and  distribution  of  food  commodities  and  feeds, 
wheat  millers  and  manufacturers  of  mixed  flours, 
elevators  and  dealers  in  wheat,  rye,  corn,  oats,  and 
barley;  corn,  oats,  rye,  and  barley  millers, 
malsters;  near-beer  manufacturers, 
dealers  in  rough  rice;  rice  millers  and  manufacturers  of 
rice  flour. 

manufacturers  and  refiners  of  sugar, 
canners  of  peas,  tomatoes,  corn,  dried  beans,  salmon, 
sardines  and  tuna,  and  manufacturers  of  tomato  catsup, 
tomato  soup,  and  other  tomato  products ;  manufacturers 
of  condensed,  evaporated,  or  powdered  milk, 
packers  of  dried  fruits. 

dealers  and  brokers  in  cottonseed  and  peanuts  and  cot¬ 
ton  ginners ;  crushers,  crushers  of  cottonseed,  peanuts, 
soya  beans,  palm  kernels,  and  copra ;  importers  of  pea¬ 
nuts,  peanut  oil,  soya  bean  oil,  palm-kernel  oil,  copra, 
copra  oil,  and  palm  oil,  and  dealers  and  brokers  in  such 
imported  products ;  refiners  of,  and  dealers  and  bro¬ 
kers  in,  cottonseed  oil,  peanut  oil,  soya  bean  oil,  palm- 
kernel  oil,  and  copra  oil. 


406 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


X.  Special: 
XI.  Special: 
XII.  Special: 

XIII.  Special: 

XIV.  Special: 


XV.  Special: 
XVI.  Special: 
XVII.  Special: 
XVIII.  Special: 
XIX  Special: 
XX.  Special: 
XXI.  Special: 
XXII.  Special: 
XXIII.  Special: 
XXIV.  Special: 
XXV.  Special: 

XXVI.  Special: 
XXVII.  Special: 


manufacturers  of  oleomargarine  and  other  butter  sub¬ 
stitutes. 

wholesalers,  j  obbers,  importers,  and  retailers  of  licensed 
non-perishable  food  commodities. 

brokers  and  auctioneers  of  licensed  non-perishable  food 
commodities. 

manufacturers  of  bakery  products, 
dealers  in  glucose,  refiners’  syrups,  maple  syrup,  sor¬ 
ghum,  cane  juice  syrup,  centrifugal  molasses,  open-ket¬ 
tle  molasses.  West  India  molasses  and  black-strap  mo¬ 
lasses,  and  manufacturers  and  mixers  of  mixed  syrups 
and  mixed  molasses. 

distributors  of  fresh  fruits  and  vegetables, 
distributors  of  fresh  fish  and  frozen  fish, 
salt-water  fishermen, 
distributors  of  poultry, 
distributors  of  eggs. 

manufacturers  and  distributors  of  butter, 
manufacturers  and  distributors  of  cheese, 
distributors  of  milk  and  cream, 
cold-storage  warehousemen, 
feeding  stuffs. 

directions  regarding  the  use  of  tin  and  other  containers 
in  commodities  listed. 

orders  applying  to  all  public  eating  places, 
general  storage  warehousemen;  manufacturers  of  ab- 
mentary  paste  of  breakfast  cereals;  manufacturers  and 
dealers  in  lard  substitutes. 


Licensees  and  Reports  from  Licensees.  The  names  of  all  licensees, 
alphabetically  arranged,  were  kept  in  a  card  index,  which  is  in  the 
Food  Administration  files. 

Every  licensee  was  required  to  file  reports  with  the  Food  Administra¬ 
tion.  In  some  commodities  the  reports  were  made  weekly,  in  others, 
monthly  or  quarterly,  and  in  a  very  few  cases,  semi-annually.  Several 
hundred  thousand  reports  are  in  the  Food  Administration  files.  Their 
prime  object  was  to  expedite  the  movement  of  commodities  on  a  direct 
line  from  producer  to  consumer,  in  other  words,  to  prevent  unneces¬ 
sary  inter-trading,  with  consequent  enhancement  of  the  price.  Since  the 
reports  disclosed  costs  and  profits  they  were  used  as  a  basis  for  prose¬ 
cutions  in  charges  of  profiteering,  and  were  considered  confidential. 

Press  Releases:  (1)  National.  The  real  basis  for  the  conservation 
drives  of  the  Food  Administration  was  public  opinion.  In  order  that  the 


UNITED  STATES  FOOD  ADMINISTRATION 


407 


people  might  be  kept  informed  as  to  what  was  desired  of  them,  the 
Food  Administration  issued  releases  to  the  press  of  the  country.  These 
releases  contained  appeals  for  conservation,  food  statistics,  information 
on  the  European  situation,  and,  in  fact,  anything  which  would  help  to 
impress  upon  the  people  the  need  of  saving  food  and  how  this  could  be 
accomplished. 

Fourteen  hundred  national  releases  were  issued.  They  cover  the 
period  between  May,  1917,  when  Herbert  Hoover  arrived  from  Europe 
to  assume  charge,  and  March,  1919,  when  this  phase  of  Food  Ad¬ 
ministration  activities  was  brought  to  a  close.  Sets  of  the  releases,  in 
mimeographed  form  are  in  the  files  and  are  a  mine  of  information  for 
the  student  of  food  problems  in  relation  to  the  war.  A  subject  index 
was  prepared  for  every  one  hundred  releases.  Practically  all  of  these 
press  releases  were  published  in  the  Official  Bulletin,  issued  by  the  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Public  Information. 

(2)  State.  Special  material  not  incorporated  in  the  national  press 
releases  was  issued  separately  and  sent  to  the  Educational  Directors 
in  the  States.  These  “stories”  were  more  of  the  human-interest  type,  but 
frequently  contained  statistics  and  information  of  considerable  value  to 
the  investigator.  Seven  hundred  and  forty  such  “stories”  were  released. 
As  in  the  case  of  the  national  releases,  a  subject  index  accompanies  each 
one  hundred  releases. 

Press  Clippings.  As  already  stated,  the  Food  Administration  de¬ 
pended  in  large  measure  for  its  success  upon  public  opinion.  In  order 
the  more  properly  to  interpret  public  opinion,  a  press  clipping  bureau 
was  maintained.  Here  press  clippings  on  food  matters  were  received  from 
all  parts  of  the  country.  From  them  a  daily  digest  was  prepared  and 
presented  to  Mr.  Hoover  and  other  officials  of  the  Food  Administration. 
The  clippings  were  filed  chronologically  by  a  loose-leaf  system  in  group¬ 
ings  by  States,  cities,  and  newspapers.  A  subject  card  index  of  food 
“stories”  in  the  New  York  Times  served  as  a  guide  for  national  “stories.” 

Correspondence:  (1)  Master  File  of  Letters.  It  was  a  rule  of  the 
Food  Administration  that  two  carbon  copies  must  be  made  of  every 
outgoing  letter.  One  copy  was  retained  in  the  division  file,  the  other 
went  to  the  master  file.  In  the  latter  file,  therefore,  is  a  copy  of  every 
official  letter  sent  out  by  a  member  of  the  Food  Administration.  The 
library  bureau  automatic  file  system  was  used  in  filing  these  letters. 

(2)  The  Food  Administrator’s  File.  All  the  official  correspondence 
of  Herbert  Hoover  as  Food  Administrator  was  preserved  to  be  turned 
over  to  the  government.  This  file  includes  letters  received  and  copies  of 


408 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


letters  sent;  they  are  filed  alphabetically  under  the  name  of  the  corre¬ 
spondent,  with  frequent  cross  references  to  subject  matter. 

(3)  Division  or  Commodity  Files.  As  already  noted,  each  division 
chief  preserved  in  his  files  a  copy  of  every  outgoing  letter.  These  files 
also  contain  letters  received,  as  well  as  much  valuable  data  pertaining 
to  the  commodity  or  subject  under  control  of  the  particular  division. 
The  most  important  of  these  divisions  are:  Home  Conservation,  States 
Administration,  Grain  and  Flour  (Grain  Corporation),  Alimentation, 
Educational,  Legal,  Meats,  Mexican  Relations,  Statistical,  Canned  and 
Dried  Goods,  Distribution,  Coordination  of  Purchase,  Canadian  Re¬ 
lations,  Food  Purchase  Board,  Sugar,  Rail  Transportation,  Marine 
Transportation,  Labor  and  Consumers,  Colleges,  Perishable  Foods,  Li¬ 
cense,  Cottonseed  and  its  Products,  Collateral  Commodities,  Garbage 
Utilization,  Oil  and  Fats,  Hotels  and  Restaurants,  Enforcement,  Whole¬ 
salers  and  Retailers,  Commercial  Baking,  Sugar  Equalization  Board. 

(4)  Digest  of  Outgoing  Mail  and  Summaries.  A  “digest”  of  out¬ 
going  mail,  combined  with  summary  statements  by  chiefs  of  divisions  was 
maintained  day  by  day  for  the  use  of  the  Food  Administrator,  and  is  in 
eflFect  a  convenient  guide  to  the  master  file  and  to  the  division  files.  The 
original  of  this  “digest”  is  now  in  the  Hoover  Collection  of  Stanford 
University.  The  following  notes  were  made  from  it  while  it  was  stiU  in 
Washington  to  illustrate  the  value  of  the  material  in  the  correspond¬ 
ence  files ;  all  dates  are  of  1917. 

Food  conservation:  August  2,  1917,  proposed  course  in  food  conservation 
to  be  given  in  Washington;  August  4,  cooperation  of  editors  of  religious 
publications;  August  6,  letters  to  Scandinavian  churches  and  organizations 
in  North  America  requesting  their  cooperation;  August  7,  cooperation  of 
Jewish  organizations. 

State  organizations :  August  9,  banks  of  Georgia  will  loan  money  to  farmers 
on  the  security  of  crops  other  than  cotton;  August  11,  wheatless  week  in  New 
England;  August  14,  policy  in  choice  of  state  representatives;  August  17,  de¬ 
sirability  of  decentralized  form  of  organization  in  the  States;  October  23, 
plans  for  establishing  milk  stations  in  Boston;  October  31,  publication  of 
sugar  prices  in  Kentucky. 

Exports,  imports,  and  embargoes:  August  1,  licensing  exports  of  wheat, 
flour,  corn,  and  oats ;  August  2,  efforts  to  locate  destination  of  each  food 
shipment  from  the  United  States;  August  6,  reports  on  food  situation  in 
foreign  countries  to  which  export  licenses  are  requested. 

Grain  and  flour:  August  1,  cooperation  of  millers;  August  7,  large  number 
of  suggestions  received  respecting  abuses  in  the  grain  trade;  August  13,  grain 
purchasing  agents  to  be  placed  at  terminal  points  to  buy  for  mills  and  for 
exports;  August  15,  seed  wheat  in  Oklahoma  and  Texas. 


UNITED  STATES  FOOD  ADMINISTRATION 


409 


Press:  August  13,  promise  of  cooperation  from  certain  newspapers  and 
publishing  companies. 

Canned  goods:  August  6,  receipt  of  many  letters  offering  to  sell  new 
kinds  of  preserved  food:  October  31,  situation  respecting  beans. 

Prices:  August  3,  reports  of  price  raising  conspiracy  on  the  part  of  cer¬ 
tain  millers;  August  11,  suggestion  that  soldiers  be  used  in  harvesting  crops. 

Potatoes:  August  1,  anxiety  of  potato  growers  regarding  policy  of  Food 
Administration;  August  3,  proposed  campaign  to  induce  people  to  eat  more 
potatoes;  August  11,  potato  flour  factory  at  Idaho  Falls. 

Sugar:  August  16,  increase  in  price  of  sugar  to  refiners;  October  15,  sup¬ 
ply  of  sugar  for  the  army,  supply  of  sugar  for  use  in  factory  processes; 
October  19,  difficulty  of  harvesting  sugar  beet  in  Utah. 

Transportation:  August  1,  deflection  of  shipping  to  Gulf  points;  October 
22,  difficulties  of  corn  shippers  in  Ohio. 

Dairy  products:  August  15,  lack  of  assistance  to  producers  in  Maryland; 
August  16,  acuteness  of  milk  situation  in  various  localities;  October  20,  re¬ 
ports  of  waste  of  milk  in  certain  creameries. 

Commercial  bread  and  baking  systems:  August  2,  proposed  campaign  for 
standard  bread  loaf ;  August  9,  gathering  of  statistics  respecting  production 
costs  of  bakeries,  supply  of  ammonia. 

State  Files.  It  was  the  plan  of  the  Food  Administration  to  have  a 
central  policy  determined  by  the  office  in  Washington  but  to  decentral¬ 
ize  administration  of  the  policy  as  widely  as  possible  among  the  States. 
With  this  object  in  view,  there  was  appointed  a  food  administrator  for 
each  State  and  Territory.  State  and  local  matters  were  largely  in  their 
hands.  At  the  close  of  the  Food  Administration  the  state  records  were 
shipped  to  Washington  in  wooden  cases.  An  accompanying  invoice  shows 
the  contents  of  each  box. 

For  each  State  there  is  a  history  of  its  Food  Administration,  reports 
of  investigators,  miscellaneous  reports,  correspondence  between  the  state 
administrator  and  the  States  Administration  Division  at  Washington, 
correspondence  between  the  state  administrator  and  the  county  admin¬ 
istrators,  miscellaneous  correspondence.  In  the  contents  of  the  history 
of  one  of  the  state  administrations  are  the  following  subjects:  organi¬ 
zation  and  growth  of  the  administration,  food  pledge  campaign,  sugar, 
state  merchant  representative,  library  director,  milk  and  ice  division, 
woman’s  committee,  bakers’  state  service,  negro  director,  hotel  and 
restaurant  director,  home  economics  director,  director  of  movies,  di¬ 
rector  of  home  demonstration  agents,  secretary  of  college  women,  county 
food  administrators,  price  interpretation  committees,  conservation  cam¬ 
paigns,  campaign  to  double  canned  products,  limitation  of  the  sale  of 
candy,  conservation  of  flour,  and  distribution  of  conservation  literature. 


410 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Among  the  subjects  contained  in  the  invoices  to  records  from  the 
States  are:  county  files,  hog  reports,  license  reports,  women’s  files, 
home  demonstration  agents,  milhng  division.  Grain  Corporation,  price 
interpreting,  weekly  bakery  reports,  records  of  the  home  economics  di¬ 
rector,  correspondence  of  the  publicity  director,  newspaper  clippings, 
histories  of  food  administrators,  bread,  corn,  cottonseed,  coffee,  cold 
storage,  farms,  fairs  and  exhibits,  mill  feeds,  butter,  eggs,  cheese,  li¬ 
censed  dealers,  milk  licenses,  markets  and  marketing,  meat  and  mer¬ 
chants,  sheep,  soap,  food  survey,  hotels,  zone  committee,  wheatless  and 
meatless,  correspondence  of  the  field  organizer,  flour  mill  reports,  cotton¬ 
seed,  and  sugar  statements. 


UNITED  STATES  FUEL  ADMINISTRATION 


Organization  and  Functions 

The  United  States  Fuel  Administration  was  created  pursuant  to 
the  act  of  August  10,  1917,  “to  provide  further  for  the  National 
security  and  defense  by  encouraging  the  production,  conserving  the 
supply,  and  controlling  the  distribution  of  food  products  and 
fuel,”  an  act  which  authorized  the  President  to  regulate  the  pro¬ 
duction,  sale,  shipment,  distribution,  apportionment,  and  storage  of 
coal,  coke,  natural  gas,  and  the  fuel  products  of  petroleum,  to 
license  those  engaged  in  those  industries,  to  prescribe  rules  and 
regulations  for  the  conduct  of  their  business,  to  requisition  their 
plants  and  their  business,  to  fix  the  price  of  coke  and  of  coal,  and 
to  determine  what  were  reasonable  profits  in  the  oil  business.  By  an 
executive  order,  dated  August  23,  1917,  the  President  delegated 
these  powers  to  a  United  States  Fuel  Administrator  and  the  ad¬ 
ministration  functioned  from  September  1,  1917,  to  January  31, 
1919,  when  its  orders,  with  but  few  exceptions,  were  suspended.  It 
was  formally  closed  June  30,  1919,  but  its  price-fixing  functions 
were  revived  October  30,  and  it  was  not  until  December  13,  1919, 
that  it  ceased  to  exist. 

The  administration  was  organized  in  three  divisions.  Adminis¬ 
trative,  Distribution,  and  Oil,  each  with  several  bureaus ;  and  there 
was  a  subordinate  or  coordinate  administration  in  each  State.  On 
the  advisory  staff  of  the  administrator  was  an  Engineers’  Commit¬ 
tee  which  prepared  analyses  of  coal-production  costs,  and  a  Bureau 
of  Labor  to  adjust  disputes  between  employers  and  employees.  The 
units  of  the  Administrative  Division  were  the  bureaus  of  prices,  in¬ 
vestigation,  state  organizations,  production,  education,  conserva¬ 
tion,  traffic  and  transportation,  and  mine  track;  those  of  the  Dis¬ 
tribution  Division  were  devoted  to  bituminous  coal,  anthracite  coal, 
coke,  statistics,  state  distribution,  and  gas  plants;  those  of  the  oil 
division  to  oil  well  supplies,  oil  production,  pipe  lines,  technology, 
lubricants  and  foreign  requirements,  domestic  consumption,  prices 
and  licenses,  oil  conservation,  natural  gas,  marine  transportation, 
oil  statistics,  engineering,  and  special  assignments. 


412 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


In  the  Administrative  Division  the  business  of  the  Bureau  of 
Production  was  to  stimulate  the  coal  output  by  appealing  to  the 
patriotism  of  the  miners,  by  protecting  mine  labor  from  depletion 
through  enlistment  and  soHcitation  by  other  industries,  by  pro¬ 
moting  efficiency  of  operation  through  improvement  of  working 
conditions,  and  by  supervising  the  plants  producing  power  for 
the  mines.  The  Bureau  of  Conservation  labored  to  effect  a  saving 
of  coal  by  increasing  efficiency  in  steam  production,  by  eliminating 
waste,  by  effecting  economy  in  the  use  of  power  through  such 
measures  as  “lightless  nights,”  and  by  restricting  coal  consumption 
by  non-essential  industries.  The  Bureau  of  Traffic  and  Transporta¬ 
tion  supervised  the  distribution  of  cars  and  directed  their  move¬ 
ments  to  destination,  when  loaded,  by  the  shortest  and  most 
economical  routes.  The  Mine  Track  Bureau  considered  the  advisa¬ 
bility  of  opening  new  coal  workings.  The  Bureau  of  Investigation 
analyzed  monthly  reports  from  some  four  thousand  jobbers  to 
determine  their  observance  or  violation  of  the  orders  of  the  Fuel 
Administration.  The  Bureau  of  Statistics  compiled  statistics  of 
production,  of  factors  limiting  production,  of  distribution,  conser¬ 
vation,  and  consumption,  and  of  stocks  of  coke  and  coal,  and  pre¬ 
sented  them  in  periodical  and  special  reports. 

The  primary  function  of  the  Distribution  Division  was  to  assure 
to  essential  consumers  an  adequate  supply  of  suitable  fuel.  This  it 
endeavored  to  accomplish  by  means  of  a  budget  specifying  the 
amount  of  coal  to  be  supplied  to  States,  or  other  defined  areas 
from  particular  producing  districts,  by  controlling  distribution 
direct  to  the  army,  railroads,  war  plants,  etc.,  and  by  emergency 
orders  for  shipments  of  coal  during  a  period  of  shortage  in  con¬ 
formity  with  the  preference  list  or  instructions  of  the  War  Indus¬ 
tries  Board. 

The  Oil  Division,  with  the  assistance  of  the  National  Petroleum 
War  Service  Committee,  stimulated  the  production  of  crude  petro¬ 
leum,  increased  and  improved  transportation  facilities,  regulated 
prices,  and  labored  to  effect  such  a  distribution  of  petroleum  prod¬ 
ucts  and  natural  gas,  regardless  of  ownership,  as  would  in  the 
largest  possible  measure  meet  the  requirements  of  all  industries 
essential  to  the  prosecution  of  the  war. 


UNITED  STATES  FUEL  ADMINISTRATION 


413 


Local  fuel  administrations  were  organized  in  each  State,  in  New 
England,  the  Pittsburgh  district,  the  District  of  Columbia,  and 
Cuba,  with  a  fuel  administrator  assisted  by  state,  county,  and  city 
committees.  The  principal  functions  of  the  state  administrations 
were:  (1)  to  furnish  the  administration  in  Washington  with  reli¬ 
able  statistics  relative  to  transportation,  consurhption,  and  storage, 
and  with  information  regarding  conditions  peculiar  to  any  lo¬ 
cality;  (2)  to  conduct  publicity  and  educational  campaigns;  (3) 
to  adjust  disputes;  (4)  to  initiate  plans  for  conservation  appli¬ 
cable  to  the  locality  and  not  inconsistent  with  the  national  pro¬ 
gram;  (5)  to  investigate  costs;  and  (6)  to  effect  an  equitable  dis¬ 
tribution,  at  fair  prices,  of  the  coal  allotted  to  the  State  by  the 
National  budget.  The  supervision  and  the  coordination  of  the  ac¬ 
tivities  of  the  several  state  organizations  were,  with  the  exception 
of  those  pertaining  to  distribution,  vested  in  the  Bureau  of  State 
Organizations  of  the  Administrative  Division,  to  which  periodical 
reports  were  made,  from  which  instructions  were  received,  and  with 
which  occasional  conferences  were  held.  The  Distribution  Division 
had  a  district  representative  in  each  producing  district  to  facilitate 
the  shipment  of  coal  in  response  to  emergency  orders  or  requests, 
to  make  equitable  allotments  of  such  orders  among  operators,  and 
to  keep  the  Fuel  Administration  in  Washington  informed  of  condi¬ 
tions  in  the  district.  If  the  district  representative  failed  to  procure 
the  allotted  amount  of  coal  to  a  State,  the  state  administrator  ap¬ 
pealed  to  the  director  of  the  Bureau  of  State  Distribution. 

Publications 

The  final  report  of  the  Fuel  Administration  is  published  in  seven 
quarto  volumes  with  varying  titles : 

Report  of  the  Administrative  Division,  1917-1919.  Parts  I  and  II, 
edited  by  George  E.  Howes  (Washington,  1920,  1921,  428  and  316 
pages).  Part  I  contains  the  report  of  the  Bureau  of  State  Organiza¬ 
tions,  the  final  reports  of  the  state  and  district  fuel  administrators,  and 
lists  of  the  members  of  the  state  and  district  fuel  committees.  Part  II 
contains  the  final  report  (pp.  9-38)  of  Hon.  Harry  A.  Garfield,  U.S. 
Fuel  Administrator,  with  six  appendixes  showing  the  organization  and 
personnel  of  the  Fuel  Administration,  and  containing  a  memorandum  on 
the  fuel  situation  in  Europe,  and  the  proceedings  of  a  conference  held 


414 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


with  the  United  Mine  Workers  of  America.  The  rest  of  the  volume  is 
devoted  to  the  reports  of  the  various  bureaus  of  the  Administrative 
Division,  and  to  the  report  of  the  Oil  Division,  by  Mark  L.  Requa. 

Report  of  the  Distribution  Division,  1918-1919.  Parts  I,  II,  III 
(Washington,  1918,  1919,  1919;  143,  124,  and  871  pages).  Part  I  is 
devoted  to  “The  Distribution  of  Coal  and  Coke”  by  C.  E.  Lesher,  a 
report  which  deals  with  the  requirements  of  coal  in  1918,  the  means  of 
meeting  those  requirements,  and  the  process  of  distribution.  There  are 
a  large  number  of  maps  and  diagrams  which  show  the  consumption  and 
the  movements  of  coal.  Part  II,  by  Wayne  E.  Ellis,  is  entitled  “The 
Zone  System.”  It  contains  the  maps  of  the  bituminous  coal  zones,  and 
a  large  amount  of  documentary  material  consisting  of  the  zone  orders 
and  their  modifications.  Part  III  is  composed  of  tables  of  statistics  by 
C.  E.  Lesher  showing  production,  shipments,  consumption,  stocks,  etc. 

Final  Report  of  the  Business  Manager  to  H.  A.  Garfield,  United  States 
Fuel  Administrator,  edited  by  Laurence  Mitchell  (Washington,  1920, 
302  pages ) .  Payroll  and  disbursements  of  the  Fuel  Administration ;  re¬ 
port  of  librarian. 

Report  of  the  Engineers’  Committee  (Washington,  1919, 194  pages). 
The  report  is  in  31  pages,  the  rest  of  the  volume  being  devoted  to 
graphic  charts  showing  the  costs  of  production  in  the  various  dis¬ 
tricts,  exports  and  imports  of  coal,  and  prices. 

General  Orders,  Regulations  and  Rulings  of  the  United  Fuel  Adminis¬ 
tration,  including  acts  of  Congress,  executive  orders  and  proclamations 
of  the  President  pursuant  to  which  the  United  States  Fuel  Administra¬ 
tion  was  created  .  .  .  (Washington,  1920,  614  30  pages).  Includes 

Supplement,  January  1,  1919-March  20, 1920. 

Fuel  Facts  (Washington,  1918,  64  pages).  Fuel  problems;  increased 
production;  efficiency  distribution;  conservation. 

President’s  Prices  for  Coal  and  Modifications,  showing  dates  when  ef¬ 
fective  (Washington,  1918, 16  pages). 

Coal  Prices  and  Classification  of  Bituminous  Coal  Fields.  August  21, 
1917-January  1,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  64  pages). 

Prices  and  Marketing  Practises  covering  the  distribution  of  gasolene 
and  kerosene  throughout  the  United  States,  by  A.  G.  Maguire  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  24  pages).  A  report  on  an  investigation  of  prevalent 
trade  policies  in  the  distribution  and  marketing  of  these  commodities. 

Prices  of  Petroleum  and  Its  Products  during  the  War,  by  Joseph  E. 
Pogue.  An  investigation  made  in  cooperation  with  the  Price  Section,  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Planning  and  Statistics,  War  Industries  Board  (Washington, 
1919,  55  pages). 


UNITED  STATES  FUEL  ADMINISTRATION 


415 


Bituminous  Coal  Zones,  with  modifications  to  July  1, 1918  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1918,  15  pages).  Details  for  zonal  system  of  coal  distribution. 

Fuel  Situation  at  the  Beginning  of  Winter,  1918-1919,  by  Harry  A. 
Garfield,  October  26, 1918  (Washington,  1918,  8  pages). 

A  System  of  Accounts  for  Retail  Coal  Dealers.  November  1,  1917 
(Washington,  1918,  23  pages).  The  adoption  of  a  uniform  system  of 
accounting  is  urged. 

Increasing  Coal  Mine  Efficiency,  by  Charles  E.  Stuart  (n.p.,  n.d.,  22 
pages).  A  non-technical  discussion  of  the  subject. 

Engineering  Bulletins,  United  States  Fuel  Administration,  Bureau  of 
Conservation  (Washington,  1918-1919,  Nos.  1-6,  8  to  20  pages  each). 
Boiler  and  furnace  testing;  boiler  water  treatment;  saving  coal  in 
steam  power  plants ;  saving  steam  in  industrial  heating  systems. 

Records 

By  an  executive  order,  dated  July  22,  1919,  the  records  of  the 
Fuel  Administration,  contained  in  628  steel  file  cases  of  four 
drawers  each,  were  transferred  to  the  Department  of  the  Interior, 
where  they  subsequently  became  a  part  of  the  records  of  the  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Mines.  Nearly  one-third  of  them  are  the  records  of  the 
state  organizations  and  the  Bureau  of  State  Organizations.  In  these 
state  files  are  approximately  400  periodical  reports  from  state  ad¬ 
ministrators  containing  an  account  of  what  had  been  accomplished ; 
a  survey  of  the  general  coal  situation  within  the  State  with  par¬ 
ticular  mention  of  unusual  situations  and  threatened  shortages; 
data  relative  to  coal  production,  prices  at  which  coal  was  sold, 
profits  to  dealers,  status  of  contracts  between  jobbers  or  operators 
and  industrial  plants,  and  conservation  measures ;  also,  transporta¬ 
tion,  consumption,  and  storage  statistics.  There  are  reports  by 
local  committees  to  a  state  administrator  containing  information 
relative  to  the  supply  of  fuel  in  the  community,  fuel  requirements 
of  the  community,  and  economy  in  the  use  of  fuel.  The  bureau 
held  occasional  conferences  with  the  administrators  from  all  the 
States  or  from  particular  sections  or  districts,  and  reports  of  the 
proceedings  of  many  of  these  conferences  are  in  the  files.  Some  two 
hundred  general  letters  of  instruction  and  advice  by  the  Bureau  of 
State  Organizations,  besides  similar  communications  from  other  bu¬ 
reaus  in  Washington,  are  included  in  the  general  correspondence 


416 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


with  state  administrators,  and  to  this  correspondence  there  is  a 
book  index.  Some  of  the  unpublished  final  reports  of  the  fuel  ad¬ 
ministrators  in  the  several  States  contain  much  that  was  not  in¬ 
cluded  in  the  published  reports. 

The  volume  of  statistical  tables  in  part  III  of  the  final  report  of 
the  Distribution  Division  contains  only  such  of  the  more  important 
statistics  compiled  in  that  division  as  were  most  available  for  tabu¬ 
lation  within  the  time  allotted  for  the  preparation  of  that  report. 
Much  material  of  this  nature  yet  remains  to  be  gleaned  from  the 
files,  especially  from  the  weekly  reports  of  district  representatives 
to  state  administrators  showing  the  number  of  cars  shipped  into 
each  State  the  preceding  week,  classified  as  follows:  to  railroads; 
to  army,  navy,  and  other  departments  of  the  federal  government; 
to  state  and  county  departments  and  institutions ;  to  public 
utilities,  to  retail  dealers,  to  manufacturing  plants  on  the  prefer¬ 
ence  list  of  the  War  Industries  Board;  to  jobbers;  to  Lake  pools; 
to  tidewater  pools.  Here,  too,  are  the  weekly  reports  of  jobbers 
relative  to  the  coal  distributed  by  them  the  preceding  week.  The 
monthly  reports  from  jobbers,  which  were  used  by  the  Bureau  of 
Investigation,  have  been  transferred  along  with  the  other  records 
of  that  bureau  to  the  Federal  Trade  Commission. 

The  files  of  the  United  States  Fuel  Administrator,  Assistant 
United  States  Fuel  Administrator,  and  Bureaus  of  Labor,  Produc¬ 
tion,  Trafiic  and  Transportation,  Prices,  Conservation,  and  Educa¬ 
tion  are  not  voluminous  but  contain  some  informing  letters  and 
reports. 

The  following  schedule  shows  the  general  classification  of  the 
files  of  the  Fuel  Administration  as  they  were  transferred  to  the 
Interior  Department  and  receipted  for  on  July  25,  1919  (re¬ 
printed  from  Report  of  Administrative  Division,  Part  II,  p.  12). 

List  of  files,  indexes,  and  records  delivered  to  Interior  Department 


First  floor:  Cases 

General  files,  correspondence,  and  telegrams .  50 

Correspondence  principally  from  States .  266 

Conservation  .  12 

Educational  .  6 

State  organizations  .  15 

Production  .  11 


UNITED  STATES  FUEL  ADMINISTRATION  417 

Publications  .  6 

Personnel  .  11 

Oil  Division — Field .  8 

Business  office: 

Mr.  Mitchell’s  files  (live)  .  6 

Mr.  Steele’s  files  (live)  .  11 

—  16 

Disbursing  office  (live)  .  26 

Second  floor  (east  rooms)  : 

Fuel  Administrator  .  2 

Legal  Adviser  .  1 

Assistant  Fuel  Administrator .  3 

Fuel  Administrator  (outer  office)  .  2 

Fuel  Administrator  (outer  office),  Indexes — 4  drawer  cabinets 

Bureau  of  Prices .  6 

Bureau  of  Prices  (also  1  safe  containing  records) 

Engineers  .  1 

West  rooms: 

Contents  to  be  designated  (supposedly  Mine  Track  Committee)  2 

Bureau  of  Labor .  3 

North  corridor:  Oil — General  correspondence,  except  engineering  19 

South  corridor : 

Legal,  general  correspondence .  50 

Safe,  containing  6  duplicate  original  order  books,  2  volumes  Li¬ 
cense  Board  proceedings,  1  file  containing  papers,  Cleveland  and 
Western  Coal  Co.,  and  Wisconsin  Coal  and  Dock  Co.  v.  WiUiam 
K.  Prudden,  Federal  Fuel  Administrator  for  Michigan. 

One  package  loose  correspondence  sheets  in  re  retailers’  prices, 
etc. 

Center  corridor: 

Distribution  .  109 

Retail  Adviser  .  1 

Traffic  and  Transportation .  4 

Books:  Number 

Official  photographic  records  .  1 

Official  personnel  list .  1 

Catalogue  of  Distribution  Division  in  two  volumes  (made  in  tripli¬ 
cate)  in  all .  6 

Index  of  production  files  and  production  managers  (Mr.  James  B. 

Neale’s  files)  in  duplicate .  2 

Index  to  the  general  files .  1 


418 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Index  to  the  records  of  the  Conservation  and  Educational  Division, 

United  States  Fuel  Administration .  2 

Personnel  of  State  fuel  administrators  (alphabetical,  by  States, 

I — Alabama  to  New  Jersey;  II — New  Mexico  to  Wyoming)  .  .  2 

Index  to  records  of  state  and  county  offices  of  the  Anthracite  Com¬ 
mittee  and  the  States  of  Alabama  to  Wyoming  (made  in  dupli¬ 
cate,  two  books  in  each  set) .  4 


UNITED  STATES  RAILROAD 
ADMINISTRATION 


Organization 

Section  1  of  the  act  of  August  29,  1916,  making  appropriations 
for  the  support  of  the  army,  empowered  the  President,  in  time  of 
war,  to  take  possession  and  assume  control  of  any  system  or  sys¬ 
tems  of  transportation,  and  the  United  States  Railroad  Adminis¬ 
tration  had  its  inception  in  a  proclamation  of  the  President,  dated 
December  26,  1917,  whereby  federal  control  of  the  railroads  was 
assumed  two  days  later  and  a  Director  General  of  Railroads  was 
appointed  to  exercise  that  control.  The  nature  of  the  control  was 
in  a  measure  determined  and  regulated  by  the  act  of  March  21, 
1918,  “to  provide  for  the  operation  of  transportation  systems  while 
under  federal  control,  for  the  just  compensation  of  their  owners, 
and  for  other  purposes.” 

The  administration,  at  the  head  of  which  was  the  Director  Gen¬ 
eral  with  an  assistant  director  general,  was  organized  in  eight  divi¬ 
sions  and  seven  regions.  The  divisions,  the  chief  of  each  of  which 
was  a  director,  were  as  follows:  Division  of  Finance  and  Pur¬ 
chase;  Division  of  Capital  Expenditures;  Division  of  Operation, 
with  a  Car  Service  Section,  a  Troop  Movement  Section,  and  a 
Fuel  Conservation  Section;  Division  of  Traffic;  Division  of  Inland 
Waterways;  Division  of  Public  Service  and  Accounting;  Division  of 
Labor;  Division  of  Law.  The  regions,  each  under  a  regional  di¬ 
rector,  were  Eastern,  Allegheny,  Pocahontas,  Southern,  North¬ 
western,  Central  Western,  and  Southwestern.  It  was  the  duty  of 
each  regional  director  to  direct  railroad  operations  in  his  territory 
so  as  to  handle  traffic  “with  the  least  congestion,  the  highest  effi¬ 
ciency,  and  the  greatest  expedition.”  To  that  end  he  was  to  see 
that  terminals  were  used  to  the  best  advantage  and  to  effect  such 
changes  in  routing  traffic  as  would  promote  efficiency.  Other  ad¬ 
ministrative  units  in  Washington  were  the  Board  of  Railroad 
Wages  and  Working  Conditions,  the  Joint  Fuel  Zone  Committee, 
the  Exports  Control  Committee  and  the  Bureau  of  Suggestions 
and  Complaints.  The  Railroad  Administration  terminated,  except 


420 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


for  accounting  and  liquidating  purposes,  with  the  return  of  the 
railroads  to  private  ownership  March  1, 1920. 

Publications 

The  Library  of  Congress  has  a  collection  of  the  publications  of 
the  Railroad  Administration,  consisting  mainly  of  reports,  general 
orders,  administrative  circulars,  bulletins,  and  addresses,  with  a 
typewritten  copy  of  a  subject  index.  Another  collection,  nearly 
complete,  is  in  the  library  of  the  Superintendent  of  Documents. 
Particular  attention  is  directed  to  the  following: 

Report  to  the  President  of  the  Worh  of  the  United  States  Railroad 
Administration  for  the  First  Seven  Months  of  Its  Existence,  Ending 
July  SI,  1918  (Washington,  1918,  32  pages). 

Annual  Report  of  W.  G.  McAdoo,  Director  General  of  Railroads, 

1918  (Washington,  1919).  Embraces  reports,  issued  separately,  by 
division  and  regional  directors  and  includes  sections  on  capital  expendi¬ 
tures  (4  pages)  ;  operation  (62  pages)  ;  traffic  (16  pages)  ;  inland 
waterways  (10  pages)  ;  public  service  and  accounting  (7  pages)  ;  labor 
(27  pages)  ;  law  (23  pages)  ;  Exports  Control  Committee,  with  regard 
to  how  freight  cars  can  best  be  routed  through  the  various  ports  (11 
pages)  ;  bureau  of  suggestions  and  complaints  (4  pages)  ;  Allegheny 
region  (7  pages)  ;  Pocahontas  region  (19  pages)  ;  Southern  region  (27 
pages)  ;  Northwestern  region  (8  pages)  ;  Central  Western  region  (16 
pages)  ;  Southwestern  region  (15  pages). 

Annual  Report  of  Walker  D.  Hines,  Director  General  of  Railroads, 

1919  (Washington,  1920).  Finance  (42  pages)  ;  purchases  (10  pages)  ; 
capital  expenditures  (14  pages)  ;  operation  (115  pages)  ;  traffic  (23 
pages)  ;  inland  waterways  (31  pages)  ;  public  service  (46  pages)  ;  la¬ 
bor  (84  pages)  ;  law  (22  pages)  ;  Central  Coal  Committee  (32  pages) ; 
Automatic  Control  Committee  (32  pages)  ;  Eastern  region  (40  pages) ; 
Allegheny  region  (20  pages)  ;  Pocahontas  region  (19  pages)  ;  Southern 
region  (24  pages)  ;  Northwestern  region  (35  pages)  ;  Central  Western 
region  (19  pages)  ;  Southwestern  region  (35  pages). 

Report  to  the  President  by  Walker  D.  Hines,  Director  General  of 
Railroads,  for  Fourteen  Months  Ended  March  1,  1920  (Washington, 
1920,  48  pages). 

Report  of  Director  General  of  Railroads  covering  period  from  Re¬ 
linquishment  of  Federal  Operation  to  End  of  Calendar  Year  1921 
(Washington,  1922,  25  pages). 


UNITED  STATES  RAILROAD  ADMINISTRATION  421 


Statements  of  W.  G.  McAdoo,  Director  General  of  Railroads,  before 
the  Senate  Committee  on  Interstate  Commerce  (January  3  and  4,  1919, 
124  pages).  Discussion  in  favor  of  extending  period  of  federal  control. 

Address  of  Walker  D.  Hines,  Director  General  of  Railroads,  before 
the  Joint  Committee  of  Bankers’  Associations  of  New  England,  Jv/ne 
^1,1919  (1919, 19  pages). 

Address  of  Walker  D.  Hines,  Director  General  of  Railroads,  before 
the  National  Association  of  Railway  and  Utilities  Commissioners,  Octo¬ 
ber  15, 1919  (1919,  14  pages). 

Public  Acts,  Proclamations  by  the  President  relating  to  the  United 
States  Railroad  Administration,  and  General  Orders  and  Circulars  Is¬ 
sued  by  the  Director  General  of  Railroads  to  December  81,1918  (Wash¬ 
ington,  1919,  452  pages). 

Proclamation  by  the  President  relating  to  the  United  States  Railroad 
Administration  and  General  Orders  and  Circulars  Issued  by  the  Direc¬ 
tor  General  of  Railroads  from  January  1,  1919,  to  February  29,  1920 
(Washington,  1920, 153  pages). 

Circulars  and  bulletins  issued  by  the  several  divisions  and  sections  of 
the  United  States  Railroad  Administration  from  January  1  to  Decem¬ 
ber  81, 1918  (1919,450  pages). 

Report  of  the  Railroad  Wage  Commission  to  the  Director  General  of 
Railroads,  April  80, 1918  (Washington,  1918,  150  pages). 

Labor.  Statement  by  President  Wilson  to  Representatives  of  the 
Radway  Employees’  Department,  American  Federation  of  Labor,  Au¬ 
gust  25,  1919,  and  Report  of  Walker  D.  Hines,  Director  General  of 
Railroads,  to  the  President,  August  28, 1919  (1919,  8  pages). 

Memoranda  of  Understandings  in  Connection  with  the  Memorandum 
of  the  Director  General,  dated  November  15,  1919,  in  respect  to  Condi¬ 
tions  under  Which  Time  and  One-Half  for  Overtime  Would  Be  Granted 
inFreight  Service  (Washington,  1920, 14  pages). 

Number  of  Women  Employed  and  Character  of  Their  Employment; 
January  1,  April  1,  July  1,  and  October  1, 1918  (1919,  36  pages).  The 
same  for  1919  (1920,  34  pages). 

Survey  and  Recommendations  of  the  Committee  on  Health  and  Medi¬ 
cal  Relief  (Washington,  1920,  84  pages).  Results  of  investigations  of 
complaints  with  regard  to  unsanitary  condition  of  stations,  cars,  and 
shops  which  were  referred  to  the  committee  by  the  Bureau  of  Sugges¬ 
tions  and  Complaints. 

Decisions  of  Railway  Board  of  Adjustment.  July-September,  1919 
(368  pages)  ;  October-December,  1919  (184  pages)  ;  January-March, 
1920  (312  pages). 


422 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Railroads  and  Government,  Their  Relation  m  the  United  States,  1910- 
1921,  by  Frank  Haigh  Dixon  (New  York,  1922,  384  pages).  The  war 
period,  pp.  107-210 ;  the  return  to  private  operation,  pp.  213-365. 
[Unofficial.] 


WAR  FINANCE  CORPORATION 


Functions 

The  War  Finance  Corporation  was  created  by  the  act  of  April  5, 
1918,  “To  provide  further  for  the  national  security  and  defense, 
and,  for  the  purpose  of  assisting  in  the  prosecution  of  the  war,  to 
provide  credits  for  industries  and  enterprises  in  the  United  States 
necessary  or  contributory  to  the  prosecution  of  the  war,  and  to 
supervise  the  issuance  of  securities,  and  for  other  purposes.”  By 
this  act  Congress  appropriated  $500,000,000  for  the  capital  stock 
of  the  corporation  and  vested  it  with  authority  to  make  such  loans 
to  banks,  bankers,  trust  companies,  savings  banks,  and  building 
and  loan  associations  as  should  enable  them  to  render  financial  as¬ 
sistance  to  persons,  firms,  corporations,  and  associations  engaged  in 
business  operations  deemed  necessary  or  contributory  to  the  win¬ 
ning  of  the  war,  and,  in  exceptional  cases,  to  make  loans  directly 
to  a  person,  firm,  corporation,  or  association.  The  maximum  amount 
which  it  might  loan  to  a  bank,  banker,  or  trust  company  was  de¬ 
termined  chiefly  by  the  amount  which  the  person  or  institution  had, 
during  the  preceding  year,  loaned  to  those  engaged  in  war  work. 

Although  originally  created  solely  as  an  agency  to  assist  in  se¬ 
curing  the  necessary  labor  and  materials  for  a  successful  prosecu¬ 
tion  of  the  war  and  with  a  statutory  provision  that  its  powers 
should  cease  six  months  after  the  termination  of  the  war,  the  cor¬ 
poration  was  authorized  by  the  Victory  Liberty  loan  act  of  March 
3,  1919,  to  advance  an  aggregate  of  $1,000,000,000  to  American 
exporters  and  American  banking  institutions  for  the  purpose  of 
financing  the  exportation  of  domestic  products.  The  authority  to 
make  such  loans  was  exercised  until  May,  1920.  Operations  were 
then  suspended,  but  on  January  4,  1921,  Congress,  “for  the  relief 
of  the  present  depression  in  the  agricultural  sections  of  the  coun¬ 
try,”  passed  a  joint  resolution  directing  the  Corporation  to  resume 
activities  “with  the  view  of  assisting  in  the  financing  of  the  exporta¬ 
tion  of  agricultural  and  other  products  to  foreign  markets.” 

Publications 

First  Annual  Report  of  the  War  Finance  Corporation  (Washington, 
1918,  11  pages).  Covers  the  period  from  May  20,  1918,  when  the  cor- 


424 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


poration  Was  authorized  by  the  President  to  commence  business,  to  No¬ 
vember  30,  1918.  Contents:  advances  to  public  utilities,  advances  to  in¬ 
dustrial  enterprises,  advances  to  cattle  raisers,  miscellaneous  advances, 
crop-moving  loans,  rates  of  interest,  transactions  in  government  bonds, 
receipts  and  expenditures,  monthly  advances,  applications  for  advances. 

Second  Annual  Report  of  the  War  Finance  Corporation  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1919,  13  pages).  Contents:  advances  to  bankers,  public  utilities, 
and  railroads,  miscellaneous  advances,  cattle  loans,  transactions  in  gov¬ 
ernment  obligations.  War  Finance  Corporation  bond  issue,  capital 
stock,  amendments  to  War  Finance  Corporation  act,  assets,  liabilities, 
receipts,  disbui'sements. 

Third  Annual  Report  of  the  War  Finance  Corporation  (Washington, 
1920,  25  pages).  Contents:  railroads,  cattle  loans,  export  loans,  trans¬ 
actions  in  government  obligations,  a  tabulated  statement  exhibiting  data 
relative  to  all  advances  made  by  the  corporation,  receipts,  disburse¬ 
ments. 

Fourth  Annual  Report  of  the  War  Finance  Corporation  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1922,  42  pages).  Contents:  financing  cotton  exports,  advances  to 
cooperative  associations,  improvement  in  the  cotton  situation,  other 
agricultural  commodities  financed,  export  financing  alone  not  sufficient, 
the  agricultural  credits  act,  advances  for  agricultural  purposes,  agri¬ 
cultural  loan  agencies  established,  cooperation  of  state  bankers  asso¬ 
ciations  sought,  volume  of  business,  the  live-stock  situation,  the  com 
belt  advisory  committtee,  helping  the  farmer  through  financing  insti¬ 
tutions,  situation  without  parallel,  tabulated  statements. 

Circular  No.  1  of  the  War  Finance  Corporation  (Washington,  1921, 
6  pages).  Regulations  for  making  applications  for  loans. 


CAPITAL  ISSUES  COMMITTEE 


Functions 

The  Capital  Issues  Committee  was  created  by  Title  II  of  the  War 
Finance  Corporation  act  of  April  5,  1918,  “to  supervise  the  issu¬ 
ance  of  securities.”  It  was  the  function  of  the  corporation  to  render 
financial  assistance  to  industries  the  operations  of  which  were  neces¬ 
sary  or  contributory  to  the  war ;  it  was  the  function  of  the  Capital 
Issues  Committee  to  conserve  financial  resources,  labor,  and  mate¬ 
rials  for  the  prosecution  of  the  war  by  discouraging  investment  of 
funds  in  enterprises  which  would  not  “strengthen  the  industrial 
and  military  structure  of  the  country  for  the  purpose  of  the  war.” 

The  function  w'as  performed  by  investigating  and  passing  upon 
proposed  issues  of  securities  in  excess  of  $100,000.  Although  the 
act  did  not  make  it  compulsory  for  firms  and  corporations  to  sub¬ 
mit  their  proposed  issues  of  securities  to  the  committee  or  abide  by 
its  decisions,  the  committee  controlled  the  situation  and  accom¬ 
plished  its  purpose  on  a  voluntary  basis.  Besides  the  central  com¬ 
mittee  there  were  twelve  district  committees  vdth  headquarters  at 
Boston,  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Cleveland,  Richmond,  Atlanta, 
Chicago,  St.  Louis,  Minneapolis,  Kansas  City,  Dallas,  and  San 
Francisco.  Business  was  commenced  May  17,  1918,  w^as  suspended 
December  31,  1918,  and  on  August  30,  1919,  the  committee  was 
directed  by  executive  proclamation  to  close  up  its  affairs  and  turn 
over  to  the  Federal  Trade  Commission  all  the  records,  “including 
letters,  correspondence,  and  testimony,”  in  its  possession.  The  rec¬ 
ords  thus  transferred  to  the  Federal  Trade  Commission  are  re¬ 
garded  as  confidential. 


Publications 

Report  of  the  Capital  Issues  Committee  (House  Document  1485,  65th 
Congress,  3rd  Session,  9  pages).  Contents:  review  of  activities  from 
May  17,  1918,  to  November  11,  1918;  tabulated  statement  relative  to 
applications ;  extract  from  a  report  of  one  of  the  district  committees. 

Final  Report  of  the  Capital  Issues  Committee,  February  19,  1919 
(House  Document  1836,  65th  Congress,  3rd  Session,  7  pages).  Con¬ 
tents:  review  of  activities  from  November  11,  1918,  to  December  31, 


426 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


1918 ;  tabulated  statement  relative  to  applications ;  personnel  of  each 
district  committee. 

Expenditures  of  the  Capital  Issues  Committee,  January  2,  1919 
(Senate  Document  328,  65th  Congress,  3rd  Session,  2  pages).  Expendi¬ 
tures  of  the  central  Committee  and  of  each  of  the  district  committees. 

Capital  Issues  Committee:  Rules  and  Regulations  (Washington,  1918, 
7  pages). 


ALIEN  PROPERTY  CUSTODIAN 


Functions 

The  office  of  Alien  Property  Custodian  was  created  by  the  trading 
with  the  enemy  act  of  October  6,  1917,  which  authorized  the  Presi¬ 
dent  to  appoint,  and  prescribe  the  duties  of,  an  officer  with  power 
to  receive  all  money  and  property  in  the  United  States  due  or  be¬ 
longing  to  an  enem}^  or  ally  of  an  enemy,  and  to  hold,  administer 
and  account  for  the  same.  Any  person  having  the  custody  or  con¬ 
trol  of  alien  property  was  required  to  report  it  to  this  officer.  An 
amendment  of  March  28,  1918,  authorized  the  Alien  Property 
Custodian  to  manage  all  property,  other  than  money,  taken  into  his 
custody  by  virtue  of  the  trading  with  the  enemy  act  as  if  it  were 
his  own.  With  the  exception,  however,  of  certain  commodities  named 
in  an  executive  order  of  April  2,  1918,  alien  property  was  to  be 
sold  only  at  public  sale  and  to  the  highest  bidder.  The  office  was 
organized  in  six  bureaus:  Administration,  Investigation,  Trusts, 
Sales,  Law,  and  Audits. 


Publications 

Alien  Property  Custodian  Report  (Washington,  1919,  607  pages).  A 
detailed  report  of  proceedings  during  the  calendar  year  1918  and  to 
February  15, 1919 ;  particularly  informing  with  regard  to  German  prop¬ 
erty  in  the  chemical,  metal,  fur,  and  textile  industries. 

Report  of  the  Alien  Property  Custodian  (Washington,  1922,  1062 
pages).  Part  1  contains  the  names  of  the  attorneys  employed  by  the 
Alien  Property  Custodian  and  a  statement  of  the  character  of  the 
work  performed  by  each.  Part  2  contains  a  descriptive  list  of  the  cor¬ 
porations  that  were  seized. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Alien  Property  Custodian  for  the  Year  1922 
(Washington,  1923,  133  pages).  Corporation  management,  trusts, 
claims. 

Bulletin  of  Information  (Washington,  1918,  70  pages).  Contains  the 
executive  orders  and  instructions  issued  under  the  trading  with  the 
enemy  act,  also  details  regarding  the  organization  and  functions  of  the 
office. 

Bureau  of  Sales,  Alien  Property  Custodian  (n.p.,  1920,  3  volumes). 


428 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


States  the  order  of  sale  and  the  terms  and  conditions  of  sale  for  each 
property  that  was  sold. 

List  of  the  Number  of  Certificates  of  Stock,  Voting  Trust  Certificates, 
Registered  and  Bearer  Bonds  of  Companies  incorporated  in  the  United 
States  of  America  and  its  possessions,  in  which  right,  title,  and  interest 
have  been  seized  by  the  Alien  Property  Custodian  .  .  .  the  Certificates 
or  Bonds  not  being  in  his  possession  (Washington,  1920,  46  pages). 


COMMITTEE  OX  PUBLIC  INFORMATION 


Functions 

The  functions  which  the  Committee  on  Public  Information  was 
originally  expected  to  perform  are  stated  in  a  letter  to  the  Presi¬ 
dent  signed  by  the  Secretaries  of  State,  War,  and  Navy  and  dated 
April  13,  191T,  as  follows: 

Even  though  the  cooperation  of  the  press  has  been  generous  and  patriotic, 
there  is  a  steadily  developing  need  for  some  authoritative  agency  to  assure  the 
publication  of  all  the  vital  facts  of  national  defense.  Premature  or  ill-advised 
announcements  of  policies,  plans,  and  specific  activities,  whether  innocent  or 
otherwise,  would  constitute  a  source  of  danger. 

While  there  is  much  that  is  properly  secret  in  connection  with  the  depart¬ 
ments  of  the  government,  the  total  is  small  compared  to  the  vast  amount  of 
information  that  it  is  right  and  proper  for  the  people  to  have. 

America’s  great  present  needs  are  confidence,  enthusiasm,  and  service,  and 
these  needs  will  not  be  met  completely  unless  every  citizen  is  given  the  feel¬ 
ing  of  partnership  that  comes  with  full,  frank  statements  concerning  the 
conduct  of  the  public  business. 

It  is  our  opinion  that  the  two  functions — censorship  and  publicity — can  be 
joined  in  honesty  and  with  profit,  and  we  recommend  the  creation  of  a  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Public  Information. 

The  committee  was  created  by  executive  order,  of  same  day,  with 
the  Secretary  of  State,  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  the  Secretary  of 
the  Nav}’^  as  members,  but  with  the  direction  of  its  actmties  vested 
in  a  civilian  chairman.  As  its  functions  developed  the  committee 
supervised  the  voluntary  censorship  of  the  newspaper  and  periodi¬ 
cal  press  in  the  United  States,  served  as  a  central  agency  for  re¬ 
leasing  news  of  government  activities,  and  conducted  a  w’orld-wide 
campaign  for  the  conquest  and  mobilization  of  public  opinion  and 
for  the  support  of  morale  both  in  the  United  States  and  in  the 
allied  and  neutral  countries.  The  committee  ceased  to  function  June 
30,  1919,  and  was  discontinued, by  an  executive  oi’der  of  August 
21,  1919. 

Organization 

The  committee  was  organized  in  two  sections;  Domestic  and  For¬ 
eign.  The  Domestic  Section  operated  in  fifteen  divisions:  News, 
Official  Bulletin,  Civic  and  Educational  Cooperation,  Syndicate 


430 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Features,  Production  and  Distribution,  Speaking,  Four  Minute 
Men,  Film,  Pictorial  Publicity,  Exhibits  at  State  Fairs,  Advertis¬ 
ing,  Service  Bureau,  Women’s  War  Work,  Work  among  the  For¬ 
eign  Born,  and  Business  Management.  The  Foreign  Section  had 
three  divisions.  Wireless  and  Cable  Service,  Mail  Service,  and  Pic¬ 
ture  Service. 

Division  of  News.  This  division  was  a  centralized  medium 
through  which  the  public  was  informed  of  the  progress  of  the  war 
by  the  President,  the  war-making  branches  of  the  government,  the 
Departments  of  Justice  and  Labor,  the  Council  of  National  De¬ 
fense,  the  War  Industries  Board,  the  War  Trade  Board,  the  Na¬ 
tional  War  Labor  Board,  and  the  Alien  Property  Custodian.  The 
division  also  acted  as  a  reference  bureau  in  matters  of  voluntary 
censorship. 

Division  of  the  Official  Bulletin.  In  conformity  with  an  order  of 
the  President  the  Official  U.S.  Bulletin  was  prepared  and  issued 
daily  by  this  division  from  May  10,  1917,  to  March  31,  1918, 

That  there  might  be  some  official  source  to  which  the  public  could  look  for 
authoritative  information  as  to  the  acts  and  proceedings  vitally  affecting  their 
legal  rights  and  obligations ;  that  there  might  be  put  into  print  for  all  time  a 
faithful  record  of  the  part  played  by  the  government  of  the  United  States  in 
the  World  War;  that  the  government  departments  might  be  relieved  of  the 
very  considerable  correspondence  with  persons  desiring  the  character  of  in¬ 
formation  which  properly  should  be  published  from  day  to  day ;  and  that  this 
information  should  be  disseminated  throughout  the  Nation  in  an  effective 
manner. 

Division  of  Civic  and  Educational  Cooperation.  This  division 
was  formed  to  educate  the  public,  through  the  medium  of  popular 
pamphlets  and  in  other  ways,  relative  to  the  reasons  for  which  the 
United  States  entered  the  war,  the  country’s  war  aims,  the  nature 
of  American  institutions,  and  other  related  subjects.  The  pam¬ 
phlets  were  produced  with  the  aid  of  historians,  economists,  and 
political  scientists  of  colleges  and  universities  and  in  cooperation 
with  the  National  Board  for  Historical  Service. 

Division  of  Syndicate  Features.  The  volunteer  services  of  novel¬ 
ists,  essayists,  and  short  story  writers  were  enlisted  by  this  divi¬ 
sion  to  write  articles  for  the  newspaper  and  periodical  press  making 


COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLIC  INFORMATION 


431 


clear  why  the  United  States  was  in  the  war,  explaining  the  ideals 
for  which  the  country  was  fighting,  and  telling  the  story  of  the  war 
machine  in  its  various  phases. 

Division  of  Production  and  Distribution.  When  the  demand  for 
the  committee’s  literature  had  exceeded  the  capacity  of  the  Gov¬ 
ernment  Printing  Office  the  Division  of  Production  and  Distribution 
was  organized  to  contract  for  printing  and  to  direct  special  cam¬ 
paigns  for  a  wider  distribution  of  publications. 

Speaking  Division.  In  the  face  of  growing  confusion  due  to  the 
great  number  of  speaking  campaigns  that  were  being  inaugurated 
throughout  the  country  the  Division  of  Public  Speaking  was  estab¬ 
lished  in  September,  1917,  to  act  as  a  national  clearing  house  for 
such  campaigns,  to  seek  cooperation  among  speakers’  bureaus,  to 
prevent  duplication  of  effort  and  overlapping  of  territory,  to  sup¬ 
ply  speakers  from  government  departments,  to  concentrate  the  at¬ 
tention  of  speakers  during  special  periods  upon  particular  national 
needs,  and  to  foster  in  all  speakers  a  sense  of  the  unity  of  the  na¬ 
tional  purpose. 

Division  of  Four  Minute  Men.  This  division  was  organized  with 
a  director,  a  national  advisory  council,  state  chairmen,  and  local 
chairmen.  The  Four  Minute  men  were  volunteer  public  speakers  who 
addressed  moving-picture  audiences  during  intermissions.  They 
were  appointed  by  the  local  chairmen.  Their  subjects,  accom¬ 
panied  with  instructions  and  data,  were  assigned  by  the  director 
of  the  division. 

Film  Division.  The  principal  function  of  this  division  was  to 
utihze  the  material  of  the  photographic  section  of  the  Signal  Corps 
in  such  a  manner  as  to  place  before  moving  picture  audiences  an 
effective  pictorial  record  of  the  war  progress  of  the  United  States. 

Division  of  Pictorial  Publicity.  This  division  was  created  April 
17,  1917,  to  enlist  the  artists  of  the  country  for  services  in  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  posters,  window  cards,  car  cards,  placards,  and  other 
forms  of  art  appeal. 

Division  of  Exhibits  at  State  Fairs.  Plans  for  these  exhibits  were 
prepared  in  cooperation  with  representatives  of  the  War  Depart¬ 
ment,  Navy  Department,  Department  of  Commerce,  Department 


432 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


of  Interior,  Department  of  Agriculture,  and  the  Food  Administra¬ 
tion.  The  country  was  divided  into  six  circuits,  and  for  each  of  these 
a  combined  government  exhibit  was  furnished  by  the  Ordnance 
Department,  Signal  Corps,  Medical  Department,  Quartermaster 
Corps,  Corps  of  Engineers,  Commission  on  Training  Camp  Ac¬ 
tivities,  Navy  Department,  Department  of  Commerce,  Department 
of  Interior,  Department  of  Agriculture,  Food  Administration,  and 
Committee  on  Public  Information.  For  five  of  the  circuits  there  was 
also  a  motion  picture  exhibit. 

Division  of  Advertising.  Created  by  President  Wilson  “for  the 
purpose  of  receiving  and  directing  through  the  proper  channels  the 
generous  offers  of  the  advertising  forces  of  the  Nation,”  the  Divi¬ 
sion  of  Advertising  planned  and  handled  campaigns  for  the  Council 
of  National  Defense,  U.S.  Shipping  Board,  U.S.  Food  Adminis¬ 
tration,  U.S.  Fuel  Administration,  Department  of  War,  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Labor,  Department  of  Agriculture,  Liberty  Loans,  Red 
Cross,  and  other  war  agencies. 

Service  Bureau.  The  Service  Bureau  was  created,  under  the  di¬ 
rection  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Information,  by  executive  order 
of  March  19,  1918,  to  make  available,  in  a  central  office  in  Wash¬ 
ington,  complete  information  records  as  to  the  function,  location, 
and  personnel  of  all  government  agencies. 

Division  of  Women’s  War  Work.  This  division  was  established 
to  give  impetus  to  all  movements  connected  with  the  work  of  Ameri¬ 
can  women  in  the  war,  chiefly  by  means  of  short  stories,  feature 
articles,  and  pictures. 

Division  of  Work  with  the  Foreign  Born.  This  division  func¬ 
tioned  chiefly  through  American  loyalty  leagues  and  foreign  lan¬ 
guage  bureaus. 

Foreign  Section.  The  purpose  of  the  Foreign  Section  was,  by 
wireless,  cable,  mail,  and  picture  services,  to  make  knoAvn  to  the 
entire  world  the  institutions,  war  aims,  war  effort,  and  military 
progress  of  the  United  States. 

Publications 

Complete  Report  of  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Infor¬ 
mation  (Washington,  1920,  290  pages).  States  the  purpose  and  re- 


COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLIC  INFORMATION  433 

views  the  activities  of  each  section,  division,  and  bureau  of  the  com¬ 
mittee. 

How  We  Advertised  America,  b}'  George  Creel  (New  York  and 
London,  1920,  467  pages).  The  most  comprehensive  and  authoritative 
record  in  a  single  publication  of  the  activities  of  each  division  of  the 
Committee,  compiled,  immediately  after  it  had  ceased  to  function,  by  its 
chairman.  [Unofficial.] 

“America’s  Fight  for  Public  Opinion,”  by  Guy  Stanton  Ford,  direc¬ 
tor  of  the  Division  of  Civic  and  Educational  Cooperation,  published  in 
the  Minnesota  History  Bulletin  (February,  1919,  24  pages).  [Unoffi¬ 
cial.] 

Official  U.S.  Bulletin,  published  daily  by  the  Committee  from  May  10, 
1917,  to  March  31,  1919.  In  this  publication  is  to  be  found  material 
indispensable  to  a  thorough  study  of  each  and  every  war  agency,  for 
in  it  the  Committee  purposed  to  print  every  state  paper,  proclamation, 
and  executive  order;  all  statements,  pi*onouncements,  and  addresses  by 
the  President ;  every  order,  pronouncement,  and  regulation  issued  by  the 
heads  of  the  executive  departments  and  the  heads  of  the  War  Indus¬ 
tries  Board,  War  Trade  Board,  U.S.  Food  Administration,  U.S.*  Fuel 
Administration,  U.S.  Railroad  Administration,  U.S.  Shipping  Board, 
War  Labor  Board,  Allen  Property  Custodian,  and  other  war  organiza¬ 
tions  ;  data  relative  to  war  contracts ;  texts  of  important  laws ;  pro¬ 
ceedings  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court ;  a  resume  of  the  pro¬ 
ceedings  of  Congress,  etc. 

The  United  States  Bulletin,  which  succeeded  the  Official  U.S.  Bulletin, 
was  published  privately  twice  a  week  from  April  3  to  June  2,  1919,  and 
once  a  week  thereafter  until  August  23,  1920. 

Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Official  U.S.  Bulletin  to  the  Chairman  of 
Committee  on  Public  Information  (n.p.  [1918],  51  pages).  A  state¬ 
ment  relative  to  the  material  published  in  the  Bulletin  and  views  of  offi¬ 
cers  and  business  men  relative  to  the  service  it  rendered. 

The  Division  of  Civic  and  Educational  Cooperation  Issued  the  follow¬ 
ing  pamphlets  in  three  series  (Washington,  1917-1918)  ; 

War  Information  Series 

1.  The  War  Message  and  Facts  behind  it,  annotated  text  of  President  Wil¬ 
son’s  message,  April  2,  1917  (28  pages). 

2.  The  Nation  in  Arms,  by  Franklin  K.  Lane,  Secretary  of  the  Interior, 
and  Newton  D.  Baker,  Secretary  of  War  (13  pages). 

3.  The  Government  of  Germany,  by  Charles  D.  Hazen  (16  pages). 

4.  The  Great  War:  from  Spectator  to  Participant,  by  Andrew  C.  Mc¬ 
Laughlin  (16  pages). 


434 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


5.  A  War  of  Self-Defense,  by  Robert  Lansing,  Secretary  of  State,  and 
Louis  F.  Post,  Assistant  Secretary  of  Labor  (22  pages). 

6.  American  Loyalty,  by  citizens  of  German  descent:  C.  Kotzenabe,  Otto 
Kahn,  F.  W.  Lehmann,  Franz  Sigel,  Hans  Russau,  Leo  Rassieur,  and  A.  J. 
Bucher  (24  pages). 

7.  Amerikanische  Biirgertreue,  von  Burgern  deutscher  Abkunft  (23 
pages,  translation  of  No.  6). 

8.  American  Interest  in  Popular  Government  Abroad,  by  Evarts  B.  Greene 
(16  pages). 

9.  Home  Reading  Course  for  Citizen-Soldiers,  prepared  by  the  War  De¬ 
partment  (62  pages). 

10.  First  Session  of  the  War  Congress,  by  Charles  Merz  (48  pages). 

11.  The  German  War  Code  Contrasted  with  the  War  Manuals  of  the  United 
States,  Great  Britain,  and  France,  by  George  Winfield  Scott  and  James  Wil- 
ford  Garner  (15  pages). 

12.  American  and  Allied  Ideals:  an  appeal  to  those  rvho  are  neither  hot 
nor  cold,  by  Stuart  P.  Sherman  (23  pages). 

13.  German  Militarism  and  Its  German  Critics,  fully  illustrated  by  ex¬ 
tracts  from  German  newspapers,  by  Charles  Altschul  (45  pages). 

14.  The  War  for  Peace:  the  Present  War  as  Viewed  by  Friends  of  Peace, 
compiled  by  Arthur  D.  Call  (45  pages). 

15.  Why  America  Fights  Germany,  by  John  S.  P.  Tatlock  (16  pages). 

16.  The  Study  of  the  Great  War,  a  topical  outline  with  extensive  quota¬ 
tions  and  reading  references,  by  Samuel  B.  Harding  (95  pages). 

17.  The  Activities  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Information  (20  pages). 

18.  Regimental  History  of  the  United  States  Regular  Army,  chronological 
outline,  1866-1918,  prepared  by  the  Adjutant  General’s  Office  (48  pages). 

19.  Lieber  and  Schurz,  Two  Loyal  Americans  of  German  Birth,  by  Evarts 
B.  Greene  (24  pages). 

20.  The  German-Bolshevik  Conspiracy  (30  pages). 

21.  America’s  War  Aims  and  Peace  Program,  compiled  by  Carl  L.  Becker 
(52  pages). 

Red,  White,  and  Blue  Series 

1.  How  the  War  Came  to  America  (46  pages). 

2.  National  Service  Handbook  (246  pages).  Domestic  welfare;  European 
war  relief ;  religious  organizations,  professional  men,  and  women ;  financing 
the  war;  industry,  commerce,  and  labor;  agriculture  and  the  food  supply; 
the  civil  service;  medical  and  nursing  service;  the  army;  the  navy;  avia¬ 
tion. 

3.  The  Battle  Line  of  Democracy  (133  pages).  A  collection  of  patriotic 
prose  and  poetry  relative  to  the  World  War. 

4.  The  President’s  Flag  Day  Address  (30  pages).  Annotated  to  show  the 
evidence  of  German  plans  respecting  the  United  States. 


COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLIC  INFORMATION 


435 


5.  Conquest  and  Kultur:  Aims  of  the  Germans  in  their  orvn  Words,  com¬ 
piled  by  Wallace  Notestein  and  Elmer  E.  Stoll  (160  pages). 

6.  German  War  Practices :  Part  I,  Treatment  of  Civilians,  edited  by  Dana 
C.  Munro,  George  C.  Sellery,  and  August  C.  Krey  (94  pages). 

7.  War  Cyclopedia,  a  Handbook  for  Ready  Reference  on  the  Great  War, 
edited  by  Frederic  L.  Paxson,  Edward  S.  Corwin,  and  Samuel  B.  Harding 
(321  pages). 

8.  German  Treatment  of  Conquered  Territory,  being  Part  II  of  “German 
War  Practices,”  edited  by  Dana  C.  Munro,  George  C.  Sellery,  and  August 
C.  Krey  (64  pages). 

9.  War,  Labor,  and  Peace,  recent  addresses  and  writings  of  President  Wil¬ 
son  (43  pages). 

10.  German  Plots  and  Intrigues  in  the  United  States  during  the  Period  of 
Our  Neutrality  (64  pages). 

Loyalty  Leaflets 

1.  Friendly  Words  to  the  Foreign  Born,  by  Joseph  Buffington  (8  pages). 

2.  The  Prussian  System,  by  Frederiek  C.  Walcott  (8  pages). 

3.  Labor  and  the  War,  an  address  by  President  Wilson  to  the  American 
Federation  of  Labor  (15  pages). 

4.  A  War  Message  to  the  Farmer,  by  President  Wilson  (7  pages). 

6.  Plain  Issues  of  the  War,  by  Elihu  Root  (15  pages). 

6.  Ways  to  Serve  the  Nation,  a  proclamation  by  the  President,  April  16, 

1917. 

7.  What  Really  Matters  (6  pages). 

Preliminary  Statement  to  the  Press  of  the  United  States  (Washing¬ 
ton,  1917,  20  pages).  Program  for  supervising  the  voluntary  censorship 
of  the  press. 

The  German  Whisper,  by  Harvey  O’Higgins,  associate  chairman. 
Committee  on  Public  Information  (30  pages).  Enemy  activities  to  pro¬ 
mote  discord  in  the  United  States  among  sects  and  races,  industrial  and 
social  classes. 

Three  bulletins  issued  by  the  Speaking  Division  (Washington,  1918) 
are  as  follows : 

1.  Purpose  and  Scope  of  the  Work  of  the  Speaking  Division  (4  pages). 

2.  Hints  for  Speakers:  the  Issues  of  the  War  at  a  Glance  (7  pages). 

3.  Ships,  Ships,  and  yet  More  Ships — The  Nation’s  Greatest  Need  (7 
pages). 

A  volume  of  Four  Minute  Men  Bulletins,  May,  1917,  to  December, 

1918,  comprises  forty-six  general  bulletins  of  information  and  instruc¬ 
tions,  three  army  bulletins,  four  school  bulletins  to  junior  Four  Minute 
men,  and  a  historical  number  with  summaries  of  the  organization  and 
activities  of  Four  Minute  men  in  each  State. 


436 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


War  Work  of  Women  in  Colleges  (1918,  11  pages)  was  prepared  by 
the  Division  on  Women’s  War  Work.  It  is  a  summary  review  of  college 
war  courses,  student  war  activities,  and  employment  of  college  women 
in  war  work. 

Records 

The  records  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Information  were  trans¬ 
ferred  to  the  Council  of  National  Defense  in  August,  1919,  and  to 
the  War  Department  in  July,  1921.  They  are  arranged  by  divi¬ 
sions  and  subdivisions  and  indexed.  They  consist  mainly  of  corre¬ 
spondence,  mailing  lists,  news  releases,  newspaper  clippings,  Four 
Minute  men  questionnaires,  reports  of  activities  of  Four  Minute 
men,  and  a  card  file  giving  information  concerning  the  function, 
location,  and  personnel  of  each  of  the  government  agencies.  The 
following  summary  description  of  them,  reprinted  from  the  Fourth 
Annual  Report  of  the  Council  of  National  Defense  (pp.  88-91), 
indicates  their  general  character. 

Advertising.  Correspondence  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Informa¬ 
tion  concerning  the  work  of  the  division  which  gave  to  the  various  gov¬ 
ernment  departments  an  organized  advertising  service  made  up  of  the 
volunteer  help  of  all  the  national  advertising  agencies  in  the  United 
States,  and  advertising  rates  of  foreign  newspapers  in  the  files  of  the 
Foreign  Press  Bureau. 

Business  management.  Records  and  other  documents  pertaining  to 
the  business  affairs  of  the  committee,  including  account  books,  pay 
rolls,  vouchers,  financial  reports,  personnel  lists,  mailing  lists,  lists  of 
cooperating  periodicals,  and  an  index  to  photographic  sources. 

Civic  and  educational  cooperation.  Correspondence  and  mailing 
lists  of  the  division  which  prepared  pamphlets  on  the  war  for  world¬ 
wide  circulation. 

Educational  work.  Correspondence,  mailing  lists,  lists  of  special  arti¬ 
cles,  news  releases,  and  newspaper  clippings  in  connection  with  the  work 
of  the  Civic  and  Educational  Cooperation  Division  and  the  S3mdicate 
Feature  Division  of  the  committee. 

Films  and  photographs.  Correspondence,  leases  with  exhibitors, 
photographs,  and  records  of  films  shipped  abroad  and  of  films  censored, 
other  records  and  papers  relating  to  the  distribution  and  exhibition  of 
moving  pictures  and  photographs  for  the  education  of  the  people  in 
the  United  States  and  abroad  concerning  the  purposes  and  progress  of 


COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLIC  INFORMATION 


437 


the  government’s  war  activities,  and  for  the  stimulating  of  recruiting 
and  of  patriotic  interest  in  the  war. 

Foreign  newspapers.  Clippings  from  foreign  newspapers  and  de¬ 
tailed  information  concerning  the  foreign  press,  including  advertising 
rates. 

Foreign  organization  of  committee’s  activities.  Correspondence 
with  and  reports  of  activities  from  special  commissioners  sent  to  for¬ 
eign  countries ;  statement  of  the  organization  of  the  Committee  on  Pub¬ 
lic  Information  in  each  South  American  country ;  and  records  and  ac¬ 
counts  of  the  services  in  foreign  countries. 

Four  Minute  men.  Correspondence,  lantern  slides,  reports  of  ac¬ 
tivities,  personnel  and  mailing  lists,  questionnaires,  and  instructions 
concerning  the  purpose  of  the  work  of  the  division  which  had  the 
management  of  the  plan  whereby  over  15,000  volunteer  public  speakers 
addressed  motion-picture  theater  audiences  during  intermissions. 

Government  directory.  A  government  directory  card  file  giving 
complete  information  concerning  the  function,  location,  and  personnel 
of  each  of  the  government  agencies ;  and  correspondence  relating  to 
government  information. 

News  for  the  foreign  press.  Releases,  correspondence,  photographs, 
clippings,  and  literature  and  other  papers  used  in  connection  with  the 
service  of  daily  sending  out,  by  wireless  to  Eiffel  Tower,  about  1000 
words  of  current  news  which  was  relayed  from  France  to  other  Euro¬ 
pean  countries ;  and  the  press  service  of  sending  abroad  by  mail  feature 
articles  dealing  with  American  life  and  activities. 

News  releases.  Correspondence  relating  to  the  coordination  and 
control  of  the  daily  news  of  military  operations  given  out  by  the  army 
and  navy  and  files  of  news  releases. 

Official  United  States  Bulletin.  Mailing  and  subscription  lists  and 
correspondence  concerning  the  publication  of  the  Official  United  States 
Bulletin,  a  daily  periodical  of  government  news. 

Speaking  campaign.  Correspondence  and  other  papers  relating  to 
the  coordination  of  the  efforts  of  the  various  national  speakers’  bu¬ 
reaus  by  the  establishment  of  a  clearing  house  for  speaking  campaigns 
by  prominent  speakers  throughout  the  country. 

War  exhibits.  Clippings,  correspondence,  and  photographs  con¬ 
cerning  the  establishment  by  the  committee  of  war  exhibits  used  by 
state  fairs  and  other  expositions  throughout  the  United  States. 


438 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Women’s  war  work.  Correspondence,  news  releases,  pamphlets,  and 
other  papers  relating  to  the  establishment  of  a  clearing  house  for  in¬ 
formation  concerning  the  services  which  women  could  render  during  the 
war. 

Work  with  the  foreign  bom.  Surveys  of  foreign  bom  in  industrial 
plants,  schools,  and  fraternal  organizations,  Americanization  registra¬ 
tion  cards,  lists  of  local  agencies  for  work  with  the  foreign  bom,  corre¬ 
spondence,  news  releases,  and  other  papers  pertaining  to  the  work  of 
distributing  to  foreign-speaking  people  in  this  country  information  of 
America’s  purpose  in  the  war,  and  the  part  they  were  asked  to  take  in 
that  crisis. 

Lists.  The  following  lists,  principally  on  3"  by  5"  cards,  each  classi¬ 
fied  and  arranged  alphabetically  or  by  topics,  are  on  file  among  the 
records  of  the  various  divisions  and  subdivisions  of  the  Committee  on 
Public  Information:  universities,  colleges,  libraries,  other  educational 
institutions,  public  welfare  associations,  granges,  state  superintendents 
of  schools,  mayors,  clergymen.  Four  Minute  men,  authors  of  special  war 
articles,  films  exported,  films  censored,  chambers  of  commerce,  national 
trade  organizations,  commercial  business  houses,  cooperating  trade  and 
business  periodicals,  newspapers,  foreign-language  newspapers,  special 
war  articles,  persons  killed  and  wounded  in  action,  and  various  person¬ 
nel,  mailing,  and  subscription  lists. 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


Records  of  the  war  activities  of  States  and  minor  civil  divisions 
have  been  collected  by  historical  agencies  in  nearly  every  State  in 
the  Union.  In  several  States  a  war  records  commission,  war  history 
commission,  or  war  historian  was  appointed  for  the  purpose;  in 
others,  the  state  historical  society,  state  library,  or  state  university 
took  charge  of  the  work.  In  a  few  instances  a  history  of  a  State’s 
participation  in  the  war  is  in  preparation,  and  several  county  his¬ 
tories  of  a  similar  nature  have  been  published.  For  a  comprehensive 
survey  of  activities  for  the  collection  of  state  and  county  records 
and  of  plans  for  publication,  see  “The  Collection  of  State  War 
Service  Records,”  by  Franklin  F.  Holbrook  {American  Historical 
Review,  October,  1919,  pp.  72-78)  ;  and  “American  Historical  Ac¬ 
tivities  during  the  World  War,”  edited  by  Newton  D.  Mereness 
{Annual  Report  of  the  American  Historical  Association  for  1919, 
Vol.  1,  pp.  204-294).  Lists  of  state  war  publications  for  the  years 
1917-1920  are  appended  to  the  Monthly  List  of  State  Publications 
for  December,  1919,  and  December,  1920,  issued  by  the  Library 
of  Congress,  Division  of  Documents  (Vol.  10,  No.  12,  pp.  581- 
648;  Vol.  11,  No.  12,  pp.  553-572).  A  summary  mention  of  such 
records  and  publications  for  each  State  as  are  particularly  perti¬ 
nent  to  this  survey  follows. 


ALABAMA 

Records 

The  collection  of  war  records  in  Alabama  was  undertaken  by  the 
director  of  the  Alabama  State  Department  of  Archives  and  His¬ 
tory  who,  in  September,  1918,  was  appointed  State  War  Historian 
of  the  Alabama  Council  of  Defense.  County  organizations  cooper¬ 
ated  with  the  State  Historian  and  at  the  same  time  preserved  county 
records  for  local  use.  The  collection  in  the  State  Department  of  Ar¬ 
chives  and  History  (Montgomery)  comprises  material  relative  to 
all  the  important  activities  in  which  Alabama  participated  in  the 
war.  Here  are  the  records  of  the  Alabama  Council  of  Defense  and 
from  these  the  compilation  of  a  history  of  the  organization  has 


440 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


been  undertaken.  Here,  too,  are  reports  of  industrial  plants,  cham¬ 
bers  of  commerce,  boards  of  trade,  patriotic  societies,  and  women’s 
clubs.  Other  records  are  those  of  the  local  services  of  the  Food  Ad¬ 
ministration,  the  Fuel  Administration,  the  United  States  Employ¬ 
ment  Service,  the  School  Garden  Army,  the  Red  Cross,  the  War 
Camp  Community  Service,  the  Y.M.C.A.,  the  Y.W.C.A.,  the 
Knights  of  Columbus,  the  Jewish  Welfare  Board,  and  the  military 
establishments  within  the  State.  Besides  files  of  Alabama  news¬ 
papers  the  department  has  complete  files  of  the  New  York  Times, 
the  Boston  Transcript,  and  the  Washington  Post. 

Publications 

Report  of  the  Alabama  Council  of  Defense,  Covering  its  activities  from 
May  17, 1917,  to  December  SI,  1918  (Montgomery,  1919,  117  pages). 
Woman’s  committee;  food  administration;  school  garden  army;  Four 
Minute  men ;  labor ;  extension  service. 

Farm  Labor,  Live  Stock,  and  Crop  Survey  of  Alabama,  made  by  the 
State  Department  of  Agriculture  and  Industries,  with  the  cooperation 
of  the  U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  State  Department  of  Public 
Instruction,  Alabama  Extension  Service,  and  State  Food  Administra¬ 
tion  (Department  of  Agriculture  and  Industries,  Bulletin,  Vol.  8,  Serial 
No.  79,  April,  1918,  75  pages). 

Social  Problems  of  Alabama,  by  Hastings  H.  Hart  (Montgomery, 
1918,  87  pages).  A  study  of  social  institutions  and  agencies  of  the 
State  as  related  to  its  war  activities.  Alabama’s  war  work ;  the  State 
Council  of  Defense ;  the  labor  problem. 

Proceedings  of  the  Alabama  State  Council  of  Defense,  held  in  the  Sen¬ 
ate  chamber,  Montgomery,  Alabama,  June  1,  1917  (Montgomery,  1917, 
29  pages).  Address  by  the  governor;  reports  of  committees. 

ARIZONA 

The  Arizona  State  Library,  the  University  of  Arizona  Library, 
and  the  Arizona  Historical  and  Archaeological  Society  have  files  of 
Arizona  newspapers  for  the  period  of  the  war,  and  various  organi¬ 
zations  were  urged  to  cooperate  in  preserving  a  record  of  their  war 
activities. 

Publications 

The  Arizona  Council  of  Defense:  Its  Purposes  and  a  Brief  Statement 
of  its  Work,  Accomplished  and  under  Way  (Phoenix,  1917,  20  pages). 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


441 


Resume  of  first  report  of  executive  committee ;  committee  on  production, 
conservation,  and  distribution  of  food  supplies;  committee  on  labor; 
committee  on  transportation ;  committee  on  scientific  research. 

A  Record  of  the  Activities  of  the  Arizona  State  Cowncil  of  Defense 
from  formation,  April  18,  1917,  to  dissolution,  Jume,  1919  (n.p.,  1919, 
50  pages).  Organization  of  the  state  council;  activities  of  state  and 
county  councils  ;  cooperative  work  against  predatory  animals. 

“The  University  of  Arizona  and  the  War”  (in  University  of  Arizona 
Record,  Vol.  11,  No.  1,  19  pages).  Extension  Service;  College  of  Mines 
and  Engineering;  Arizona  State  Bureau  of  Mines. 

ARKANSAS 

Records 

The  collection  of  war  records  in  Arkansas  was  undertaken  by 
the  Arkansas  Historical  Commission,  and  one  of  the  last  acts  of  the 
Arkansas  State  Council  of  Defense  was  to  deliver  its  records  to  the 
commission.  An  index  to  the  entire  war  history  collection  of  the 
State  exhibits  a  wide  range  of  subjects,  e.g.,  banks,  boards  of  com¬ 
merce,  churches,  daylight  saving,  draft,  draft  boards,  farmers, 
food.  Food  Administration,  food  conservation.  Fuel  Administration, 
fuel  conservation,  industry,  mining,  profiteering,  reconstruction. 
Red  Cross,  taxation,  thrift,  transportation,  and  woman’s  service. 

Publications 

Report  of  the  Arkansas  State  Council  of  Defense,  May  2^,  1917,  to 
July  1, 1919  (  [Little  Rock,  1919],  88  pages).  Patriotic  education ;  con¬ 
servation  work;  welfare  work;  county  food  administrators. 

CALIFORNIA 

Records 

A  war  history  committee  in  California  was  organized  in  March, 
1918,  through  the  cooperation  of  the  State  Historical  Survey  Com¬ 
mission  with  the  State  Council  of  Defense.  When  the  Council  was 
dissolved,  February  1,  1919,  the  work  of  the  history  committee  was 
turned  over  to  the  committee  on  reconstruction,  and  subsequently, 
by  action  of  the  legislature,  it  w^as  placed  wholly  in  the  hands  of 
the  war  history  committee  of  the  State  Historical  Survey  Commis- 


442 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


sion.  A  history  committee  in  each  county  was  asked  by  the  state 
committee  “to  prepare  reports  or  contemporaneous  histories  deal¬ 
ing  with  local  war  activities,  and  to  gather  and  compile  such  other 
statistical  information  as  might  relate  to  the  part  taken  by  their 
respective  counties  in  the  great  conflict.”  The  war  history  depart¬ 
ment  of  the  California  Historical  Survey  Commission  suggested  an 
outline,  in  fourteen  divisions,  for  each  county  history  as  follows: 

(1)  Period  before  America’s  entrance  into  the  war. 

(2)  Military,  naval,  and  aviation  activities. 

(3)  Agriculture  and  the  food  supply. 

(4)  Industry  and  labor. 

(5)  Commerce,  transportation,  and  communication. 

(6)  War  finance  and  revenue. 

(7)  Social,  welfare,  and  relief  agencies. 

(8)  Education. 

(9)  Religion  in  the  war. 

(10)  Professional  men  and  women  in  the  war. 

(11)  Women  in  the  war. 

(12)  War  legislation  and  administration  of  government. 

(13)  Public  opinion  and  the  war. 

(14)  Post-war  period. 

In  the  state  collection  are  the  records  of  the  State  Council  of 
Defense;  report  and  records  of  the  Food  Administration;  and 
thirty-four  numbers  of  the  Official  Food  Bulletin,  April  2  to  No¬ 
vember  19,  1918.  There  is  an  index  to  the  Los  Angeles  Times  com¬ 
piled  by  the  Los  Angeles  County  war  history  committee,  working 
through  the  Reference  Department  of  the  Los  Angeles  Pubhc 
Library. 


Publications 

Report  of  the  Activities  of  the  California  State  Council  of  Defense 
from  April  6, 1917,  to  January  1,  1918  (Sacramento,  1918,  53  pages). 
County  councils  of  defense ;  increased  crop  production ;  food  conserva¬ 
tion  and  waste  prevention;  farm  labor;  women’s  activities. 

Report  of  Women’s  Committee  of  the  State  Council  of  Defense  of  Cali¬ 
fornia  from  June  1,  1917,  to  January  1,  1919  (Los  Angeles,  1919,  223 
pages).  County  committees;  Americanization;  food  administration; 
home  economics ;  women  in  industry. 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


443 


Reconstruction  Program,  Women’s  Committee  of  the  State  Council 
of  Defense  of  California  (Los  Angeles,  1918,  12  pages).  Women  in  in¬ 
dustry  ;  child  welfare ;  public  health ;  education ;  Americanization ;  eco¬ 
nomic  problems. 

Report  of  the  Committee  on  Petroleum,  California  State  Council  of 
Defense  (Sacramento,  1917,  191  pages).  Location  and  description  of 
California  petroleum  fields ;  production  of  California  petroleum ;  trans¬ 
portation  of  California  petroleum;  refining  California  oil;  utilization 
of  the  products. 

Observations  on  the  Recent  Agrictdtural  Inquiry  in  California,  by 
Thomas  Forsyth  Hunt,  director  of  the  University  of  California  Col¬ 
lege  of  Agriculture  (Berkeley,  1917,  20  pages).  An  appeal  to  farmers 
to  increase  food  production. 

California  in  the  War.  Addresses  delivered  at  State  War  Council  held 
under  the  auspices  of  the  State  Council  of  Defense,  San  Francisco, 
March  5-6,  1918  (Sacramento,  1918,  69  pages).  Food;  mobilizing  the 
household ;  Americanization ;  industrial  conditions  of  women ;  transpor¬ 
tation  ;  fuel. 

California  in  the  War.  War  addresses,  proclamations,  and  patriotic 
messages  of  Governor  William  D.  Stephens  ([Sacramento,  1921],  90 
pages). 

The  War  and  America.  Bulletin  No.  24,  California  State  Board  of 
Education  (Sacramento,  1918,  72  pages).  Problems  of  finance,  food, 
and  clothing ;  government  and  schools  in  war  time. 

“War  emergency  farm  bureaus,”  “More  wheat,”  “The  utilization  of 
idle  lands  for  wheat,”  “Extending  the  area  of  irrigated  wheat  in  Cali¬ 
fornia  for  1918,”  “Money  power  and  crop  production,”  and  “Advancing 
the  cause  of  cooperative  marketing”  are  titles  of  articles  in  a  war  emer¬ 
gency  issue  of  the  University  of  California  Journal  of  Agriculture  (Oc¬ 
tober,  1917,  Vol.  5,  No.  1). 

The  War  Service  Record  of  the  University  of  California,  1917-1918 
(printed  as  No.  3,  Vol.  20,  July,  1918,  of  the  University  of  California 
Chronicle,  171  pages). 


COLORADO 

Records 

War  records  were  collected  in  Colorado  by  the  State  Council  of 
Defense,  the  University  of  Colorado,  and  the  State  Historical  So¬ 
ciety.  The  original  records  of  the  State  Council  of  Defense  and  of 
the  Women’s  Council  of  Defense  are  preserved  by  the  State  His- 


444 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


torical  Society.  Duplicates  of  most  of  these  records  are  in  the  li¬ 
brary  of  the  university.  The  history  department  of  the  university 
made  clippings  from  more  than  one  hundred  newspapers  and  classi¬ 
fied  them  under  such  heads  as,  food  and  fuel  consumption,  war 
gardens.  Liberty  loans.  Women’s  Council  of  Defense,  Red  Cross, 
Knights  of  Columbus,  and  Y.M.C.A.  The  State  Historical  Society 
has  copies  of  the  draft  lists,  records  of  the  Four  Minute  men  in 
some  parts  of  the  State,  replies  to  questionnaires  by  men  and 
women  in  the  service,  and  miscellaneous  records. 

Publications 

War  Council  and  Ways  and  Means  Committee:  Food  Supply.  Re¬ 
ports  to  the  governor,  by  H.  W.  Cornell,  director  of  organization.  Ways 
and  Means  Committee,  A.  W.  Grant,  secretary  of  War  Council,  Gerald 
Hughes  of  the  War  Council,  and  W.  H.  Kerr,  chairman  Marketing  Com¬ 
mittee  (n.p.,  1917,  19  pages). 

Council  of  Defense,  Committee  on  Organization:  Instructions  for  Or¬ 
ganization  of  County  Councils  of  Defense  (Denver,  1917, 10  pages). 

Fourth  and  Fifth  Annual  Reports  of  the  Public  Utilities  Commission 
of  the  State  of  Colorado,  1916-1918  (Denver,  1919,  191  pages).  The 
war  and  public  utilities ;  federal  control  of  railroads. 

Students'  Army  Training  Corps  at  the  University  of  Colorado  (Uni¬ 
versity  of  Colorado  Bulletin,  Vol.  18,  No.  8  (General  Series  No.  129, 
1920,  5  pages). 

The  Industrial  Bulletin,  issued  since  1915  by  the  Colorado  Fuel  and 
Iron  Company,  Denver,  contains  a  record  of  the  war  activities  of  that 
corporation. 


CONNECTICUT 

Records 

In  the  fall  of  1918  the  Connecticut  State  Council  of  Defense 
established  a  Department  of  Historical  Records  under  the  direction 
of  the  state  librarian.  Three  days  after  the  signing  of  the  armistice 
the  state  librarian,  as  chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Historical 
Records,  requested  each  town  committee,  bureau,  and  department 
serving  under  the  State  Council  of  Defense  to  prepare  for  the 
library  a  report  of  its  activities.  In  April,  1919,  the  general  as¬ 
sembly  passed  an  act  creating  in  the  state  library  a  department  of 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


445 


historical  records  “to  collect,  classify,  index  and  install  in  the  li¬ 
brary  all  available  material  relating  to  Connecticut  participation, 
public  or  private,  in  the  world  war  and  thus  to  establish  a  perma¬ 
nent  and  accessible  record  of  its  extent  and  character,  such  record 
’  to  be  as  complete  and  comprehensive  as  possible  and  to  cover  not 
only  the  activities  of  the  State,  its  subdivisions  and  agencies  but 
also  of  Connecticut  agencies  of  the  federal  government,  organiza¬ 
tions  of  private  persons  and  of  those  individuals  who  were  direct 
participants  in  the  great  struggle,  whether  as  soldiers,  sailors, 
a\uators,  or  otherwise.”  This  enactment,  together  with  the  activities 
of  the  librarian  and  his  staff,  has  brought  to  the  state  library 
voluminous  records  relative  to  every  phase  of  war  activity.  Particu¬ 
larly  pertinent  to  this  survey  are  those  of  the  State  Council  of 
Defense ;  reports  of  war  activities  of  cities,  to^ms,  and  counties ; 
state  agricultural  survey ;  state  industrial  survey ;  automobile  cen¬ 
sus  ;  data  relative  to  food,  fuel,  housing,  social  conditions,  health, 
and  sanitation ;  and  reports  from  industrial,  commercial,  and  wel¬ 
fare  organizations. 

The  Library  of  Congress  has  a  collection  of  form  records,  bulle¬ 
tins,  and  miscellaneous  papers  of  the  Connecticut  State  Council  of 
Defense. 


Publications 

Report  of  the  Connecticut  State  Council  of  Defense  (Hartford,  1919, 
236  pages).  Publicity;  food  supply;  transportation;  non-war  con¬ 
struction  ;  industrial  survey ;  commercial  economy ;  fuel  conservation ; 
man  power  and  labor;  Boys’  Working  Reserve;  Woman’s  Division. 

The  Bulletin  of  the  Extension  Service,  Connecticut  Agricultural  Col¬ 
lege,  contains,  May-November,  1917,  the  following  numbers,  published 
as  a  part  of  the  program  of  the  Connecticut  Committee  on  Food  Sup¬ 
ply: 

4.  Home  Canning  Bulletin  (8  pages). 

5.  Farm  Manure  and  Its  Housing,  by  B.  G.  Southwick  and  F.  W.  Duffee 
(22  pages). 

6.  Clover,  by  B.  G.  Southwick  (11  pages). 

7.  Studies  from  the  Survey  on  the  Cost  of  Market  Milk  Production,  by 
K.  B.  Musser,  G.  C.  White,  B.  A.  McDonald,  and  H.  F.  Judkins  (28  pages). 

8.  Poultry  Farm  Management.  The  results  of  an  intensive  study  of  the 
management  practised  on  forty-two  representative  poultry  farms,  on  most  of 


446 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


which  itemized  accounts  were  kept,  by  R.  E.  Jones,  I.  G.  Davis,  and  B.  A. 
McDonald  (16  pages). 

9.  Home  Cheese  Making,  by  H.  F.  Judkins  and  P.  A.  Downs  (16  pages). 

10.  A  Plan  for  Short  Term  Farm  Loans  in  Connecticut,  by  G.  C.  Smith  (8 
pages). 

11.  Home  Curing  of  Pork,  by  J.  A.  Simms  (15  pages). 

Training  Opportunities  for  Connecticut  Women,  by  Dorothy  Weir. 
Published  by  the  Woman’s  Division,  Connecticut  State  Council  of  De¬ 
fense  (n.p.,  n.d.j  119  pages).  Current  demands  for  trained  women  in 
apphed  art,  commerce,  household  economics,  trades,  and  professions. 

Report  on  War  Chest  Practice,  presented  to  Connecticut  State  Coun¬ 
cil  of  Defense  by  Henry  M.  Wriston  (n.p.,  n.d.,  157  pages).  Structure 
of  the  war  chest ;  the  campaign ;  collections ;  disbursements. 

DELAWARE 

The  Adjutant  General  has  been  engaged  in  the  collection  of  data 
relative  to  the  part  played  by  the  service  men  of  Delaware.  The 
collection  by  the  State  of  records  of  the  various  war-time  activities 
within  its  borders  has  been  considered. 

FLORIDA 

Records 

No  organization  was  created  in  Florida  for  the  collection  of  war 
records,  but  Professor  James  O.  Knauss  of  the  Florida  State  Col¬ 
lege  for  Women  has  located  the  following: 

Records  of  the  State  Council  of  Defense  consisting  of  the  governor’s 
correspondence  relative  to  the  council,  minutes  of  a  meeting  of  the 
council  (February  15,  1918),  and  minutes  of  a  meeting  of  the  executive 
committee.  Executive  Office,  Capitol,  Tallahassee. 

Annual  reports  of  the  State  Labor  Inspector  (1917-1920).  Execu¬ 
tive  Office,  Capitol,  Tallahassee. 

Reports  of  individual  banking  institutions  in  Florida.  Comptroller’s 
Office,  Capitol,  Tahahassee. 

Records  of  the  Pensacola  Shipbuilding  Company,  builder  of  ten  ocean 
steamers  for  the  government.  Pensacola. 

Records  of  the  Pensacola  War  Camp  Community  Service.  Pensacola. 

The  publishers  of  the  following  newspapers  report  possession  of  com¬ 
plete  files  for  the  period  of  the  war : 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


447 


Times-Union,  Jacksonville 

Saint  Augustine  Evening  Record,  St.  Augustine 

Orlando  Sentinel,  Orlando 

Palm  Beach  Post,  West  Palm  Beach 

Miami  Herald,  Miami 

The  Miami  Daily  News,  Miami 

St.  Petersburg  Times,  St.  Petersburg 

St.  Petersburg  Independent,  St.  Petersburg 

The  Tampa  Daily  Times,  Tampa 

The  Daily  Democrat,  Tallahassee 

GEORGIA 

The  Department  of  Archives  and  History  of  the  State  of  Georgia 
was  created  by  act  of  August  20,  1918,  and  this  body  has  under¬ 
taken  to  collect  casualty  records,  records  of  the  State’s  attitude 
toward  the  war,  records  of  local  activities,  and  records  relative  to 
the  effect  of  the  w'ar  on  the  State’s  social,  financial,  educational, 
economic,  and  religious  conditions.  It  has  the  records  of  the  State 
Council  of  Defense ;  a  small  collection  of  new'spaper  clippings  rela¬ 
tive  to  boards  of  trade,  chambers  of  commerce.  Liberty  loans,  and 
woman’s  work;  and  some  records  sent  in  from  the  counties. 

IDAHO 

The  Idaho  Memorial  Association,  one  purpose  of  which  was  to 
compile  a  history  of  Idaho  in  the  World  War,  has  a  complete  file 
of  the  bulletins  issued  by  the  Idaho  State  Council  of  Defense.  Other 
source  material  relative  to  economic  and  social  conditions  during 
the  war  is  to  be  obtained  chiefly  from  files  of  Idaho  newspapers. 

ILLINOIS 

Records 

The  State  Council  of  Defense  of  Illinois  appointed  a  War  His¬ 
tory  Committee  a  few  weeks  before  the  armistice  was  signed.  The 
committee  appealed  to  all  war  organizations  in  the  State  to  pre¬ 
serve  their  records,  encouraged  the  organization  of  county  war 
history  committees,  and  ceased  to  function  after  the  dissolution  of 
the  council  in  December,  1918.  It  was  succeeded  by  the  War  Rec¬ 
ords  Section  of  the  Illinois  State  Historical  Library,  which  was  en- 


448 


OFFICIAL  SOUHCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


gaged  from  July  1,  1919,  to  July  1,  1923,  in  the  collection  of  rec¬ 
ords  and  in  the  publication  of  a  series  of  volumes  relative  to  Illinois 
in  the  war.  In  its  collection  of  records  are : 

(1)  Records  of  the  State  Council  of  Defense,  embracing  minutes  of 
meetings  of  the  Council  and  of  those  of  its  thirty-seven  subordinate 
bodies,^  records  of  conferences,  reports,  and  correspondence, 

(2)  The  working  files  of  the  Woman’s  Committee,  State  Council  of 
Defense,  and  of  twenty  of  its  subdivisions.^ 

(3)  Reports  of  the  U.S.  Food  Administration  in  Rlinois,  State  and 
county. 

(4)  Reports  of  county  fuel  administrators. 

(5)  Numerous  reports  of  industrial  establishments,  constituting  an 
important  body  of  records  relative  to  industries  in  Illinois  during  the 
period  of  the  war. 

(6)  A  few  reports  of  chambers  of  commerce. 

(7)  Files  of  the  Illinois  divisions  of  the  U.S.  Boys’  Working  Reserve 
and  the  U.S.  Public  Service  Reserve. 

(8)  Minutes  of  the  meetings  of  the  General  Advisory  Board  of  the 
Illinois  Free  Employment  Office,  which  acted  with  the  U.S.  Employment 

^  Twenty  of  these  subordinate  bodies  were  as  follows :  Advisory  Committee 
on  Coal  for  Publie  and  Quasi-Public  Institutions,  Advisory  Committee  on 
Coal  Production  and  Distribution,  Advisory  Committee  of  the  Electrieal  In¬ 
dustry,  Agrieultural  War  Board,  Commereial  Economy  Administration,  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Engineering  and  Inventions,  Committee  on  Fuel  Eeonomies  and 
Electric  Railways,  Cook  County  Auxiliary  Committee,  Farm  Labor  Ad¬ 
ministration,  Food,  Fuel  and  Conservation  Committee,  Food  Production  and 
Conservation  Committee,  Four  Minute  Men,  Highways  Transport  Commit¬ 
tee,  Home  Registration  Service  Committee  (cooperating  with  U.S.  Housing 
Corporation),  Industrial  Survey  Committee,  Labor  Committee,  Non-War 
Construction  Bureau,  Public  Service  Reserve  Committee  (cooperating  with 
U.S.  Employment  Service),  Seed  Corn  Administration,  and  Survey  of  Man 
Power  Committee. 

^  These  subdivisions  were:  Allied  Relief  Department,  Americanization  De¬ 
partment,  Child  Welfare  Department,  Courses  of  Instruction  Department, 
Employment  Department,  Finance  Department,  Food  Conservation  Bureau, 
Fuel  Conservation  Department,  Illinois  Motor  Corps,  Organization  Depart¬ 
ment,  Publicity  Department,  Recreation  for  Girls  Department,  Registration 
Department,  Social  Hygiene  Department,  Social  Service  Department, 
Speakers  Department,  Thrift  and  Conservation  Department,  Volunteer 
Placement  and  Filing  Department,  War  Information  Department,  and 
Woman’s  Land  Army. 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


449 


Service  in  operating  employment  offices  throughout  the  State  during  the 
war. 

(9)  A  file  of  The  Weekly  News  Letter  issued  by  the  Rlinois  State 
Federation  of  Labor,  and  a  file  of  the  proceedings  of  the  annual  con¬ 
ventions  of  the  federation  for  the  years  1917-1919. 

(10)  Reports  of  each  of  the  two  Liberty  loan  committees  for  the  7th 
and  8th  districts,  in  which  Illinois  lies. 

(11)  A  small  amount  of  material  relative  to  the  operations  of  the 
Capital  Issues  Committee  and  War  Finance  Corporation  in  Illinois. 

(12)  The  files  of  the  Illinois  headquarters  of  the  Four  Minute  men. 

(13)  Reports  of  educational  institutions  in  the  State  relative  to  their 
war  work,  including  accounts  of  Student  Army  Training  Corps  ac¬ 
tivities. 

(14)  Records  of  activities  of  social  welfare  and  relief  organizations. 

(15)  Bulletins  and  periodicals  issued  by  military  and  naval  estab¬ 
lishments  within  the  State. 

(16)  Unofficial  narrative  reports  of  local  draft  boards  relative  to 
their  activities. 

(17)  Files  of  more  than  forty  newspapers  and  periodicals. 

Publications 

Final  Report  of  the  State  Council  of  Defense  of  Illinois  (Chicago, 
1919,  282  pages).  A  general  report  on  the  work  of  the  council  and  a 
summary  report  of  each  of  its  committees. 

Final  Report  of  the  Woman's  Committee  of  the  State  Council  of  De¬ 
fense  of  Illinois  and  the  Woman’s  Committee  of  the  Council  of  National 
Defense,  Illinois  Division  (Chicago,  1919,  316  pages). 

War  Documents  and  Addresses,  edited  by  Marguerite  Edith  Jenison, 
Secretary  of  the  War  Records  Section,  Illinois  State  Historical  Library 
(Springfield,  1923,  522  pages).  Public  opinion  and  the  war;  mobilizing 
the  State’s  resources  for  the  war;  mobilizing  Illinois  men  for  service; 
preserving  law  and  order  in  the  State;  bringing  war  activities  to  a 
close ;  post-war  legislation. 

The  W ar-Time  Organizations  of  Illinois,  edited  by  Marguerite  Edith 
Jenison  (Springfield,  1923,  508  pages).  Chronology  of  Illinois  war  ac¬ 
tivities  ;  cyclopaedia  of  state  war  agencies ;  military  activities ;  war 
finance;  food;  fuel;  welfare  activities;  public  sentiment  and  morale; 
bibliography  of  publications  relative  to  war  activities  in  the  State. 

First  Administrative  Report  of  the  Directors  of  Departments,  State 
of  Illinois  under  the  Civil  Administrative  Code,  for  the  year  ended  June 
SO,  1918  (Springfield,  1918,  672  pages).  Agricultural  conditions;  la- 


450 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


bor  situation;  public  welfare  and  the  war;  activities  of  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Public  Health;  activities  of  the  Department  of  Trade  and 
Commerce. 

Blue  Booh  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  1919-1920  (Springfield,  1920,  680 
pages).  Contains  some  laudatory  but  useful  articles:  “Civilian  achieve¬ 
ments  of  Illinois  in  the  war,”  by  Samuel  Insull  (pp.  97-103)  ;  “Illinois 
capital  in  the  war,”  by  B.  F.  Harris  (pp.  109-110)  ;  “Labor  and  the 
war,”  by  John  H.  Walker  (pp.  110-113)  ;  “The  press  of  Illinois  and 
the  war,”  by  John  H.  Harrison  (pp.  113-115)  ;  “Illinois  schools  and 
the  war,”  by  Francis  G.  Blair  (pp.  115-117)  ;  “The  farmer  and  war,” 
by  H.  E.  Young  (pp.  117-121)  ;  “The  State  University  and  the  war,” 
by  Edmund  J.  James  (pp.  121-125)  ;  “War  work  and  the  churches  of 
Illinois,”  by  Samuel  Fallows  (pp.  125-126). 

Annual  Report  of  the  Illinois  Farmers'  Institute  for  the  year  ending 
June  30,  1918  (Springfield,  1918,  308  pages).  Proceedings  of  the 
twenty-third  annual  meeting  of  the  institute  at  Bloomington,  February 
19-21, 1918. 

The  University  of  Illinois  College  of  Agriculture  published  the  follow¬ 
ing  Extension  Circulars. 

13.  War  Bread  Recipes  (August,  1917,  8  pages). 

20.  The  Use  of  Farm  Labor  during  the  War,  by  W.  F.  Handschin  and 
J.  B.  Andrews  (March,  1918,  11  pages). 

24.  Grow  More  Wheat  in  Illinois,  by  W.  L.  Burlison  and  W.  F.  Handschin 
(July,  1918,  8  pages). 

25.  War  Time  Suggestions  for  Home  Economics  Exhibits  at  County  and 
Community  Fairs,  by  Mamie  Bunch  and  Naomi  Newburn  (July,  1918,  16 
pages). 

Illinois  Activities  in  the  World  War,  by  J.  S.  Currey  (Chicago,  1921, 
3  volumes). 

Two  bulletins  of  the  University  of  Illinois  are:  (1)  “Municipal  War 
Work,”  by  Robert  Eugene  Cushman  (February  4,  1918,  Vol.  15,  No. 
23,  16  pages)  ;  (2)  “The  College  Man  and  the  War,”  by  Edmund  Janes 
James  (August  12,  1918,  Vol.  15,  No.  50,  10  pages). 

For  other  publications  see  bibliography  in  Jenison’s  War-Time  Or¬ 
ganizations  of  Illinois,  cited  above. 

INDIANA 

Records 

From  the  entry  of  the  United  States  into  the  war  until  the  sign¬ 
ing  of  the  armistice  the  Indiana  State  Library  was  appealing  to  lo- 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


451 


cal  libraries,  historical  societies,  and  the  counties  to  collect  and  pre¬ 
serve  newspaper  files  and  other  records  of  war  activities  in  Indiana. 
The  State  Council  of  Defense  joined  with  the  library  in  a  request 
to  each  county  council  of  defense  for  a  final  report  of  its  activities. 
Immediately  following  the  signing  of  the  armistice  the  governor 
suggested  to  the  members  of  the  Indiana  Historical  Commission 
that  they  attend  to  the  collection  of  records  and  compile  an  official 
war  history  of  the  State.  The  commission  responded  by  organizing 
a  war  history  committee  in  each  county,  by  assembling  records  in 
the  State  Library  for  classification,  cataloguing,  and  preserving, 
and  by  preparing  plans  for  publication.  Each  county  was  urged  to 
collect  records  of  every  organization  that  had  carried  on  war  ac¬ 
tivities,  compile  a  report,  and  prepare  a  history  for  publication. 
The  commission  attended  to  the  collection  of  records  of  the  State 
Council  of  Defense,  Food  Administration,  Fuel  Administration, 
Liberty  loans,  churches,  fraternal  organizations,  clubs,  banks,  and 
manufacturing  companies.  The  publication  of  a  history  of  the 
State  Council  of  Defense  together  with  the  activities  of  the  State 
Conscription  Board  in  one  volume,  and  a  history  of  the  Liberty  loan 
and  war  savings  campaigns  in  another  volume  were  among  its  plans. 

Publications 

Report  of  the  Indiana  State  Council  of  Defense  for  the  year  ending 
December  31,  1917  (n.p.,  n.d.,  66  pages).  Merchants’  Economy  Com¬ 
mittee  ;  Four  Minute  men ;  Committee  on  Communications ;  Employers’ 
Cooperation  Committee;  Labor  Committee;  War  Camp  Community 
Service ;  Committee  on  Food  Production  and  Conservation ;  Coal  Pro¬ 
duction  Committee. 

Indiana  War  Conference,  held  under  the  Auspices  of  the  Council  of 
National  Defense  and  the  Indiana  State  Council  of  Defense,  Indian¬ 
apolis,  December  13-14,  1917  (Indianapolis,  1917,  10  pages). 

Report  of  the  Woman’s  Section  of  the  Indiana  State  Council  of  De¬ 
fense,  from  October,  1917,  to  April,  1919  (Indianapolis,  1919,  141 
pages).  Reports  of  committees;  reports  by  counties. 

Indiana  War  Service  Text-Book  for  Indiana  High  Schools,  planned 
by  the  State  Council  of  Defense  (n.p.,  1918,  151  pages).  The  schools 
and  the  war ;  war-time  savings  ;  reserve  of  man  power ;  food  production ; 
necessity  for  food  conservation. 

The  Speakers’  Bureau  of  the  State  Council  of  Defense  (  Bulletin  of  the 


452  OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

Extension  Division,  Indiana  University,  March,  1920,  Vol.  5,  No.  7,  43 
pages). 

Financing  the  War,  by  Ray  S.  Trent  (Bulletin  of  the  Extension  Divi¬ 
sion,  Indiana  University,  November,  1917,  Vol.  3,  No.  3,  24  pages). 

The  War  Purse  of  Indiana;  the  five  Liberty  loans  and  war  savings  and 
thrift  campaigns  in  Indiana  during  the  World  War,  by  Walter  Green- 
ough  (Indianapolis,  1922,  278  pages). 

Proceedings  of  Indiana  Conference  on  Reconstruction  and  Readjust¬ 
ment,  called  by  Governor  James  P.  Goodrich  at  the  State  House,  Indian¬ 
apolis,  November  26,  1918  (Indianapolis,  1918,  83  pages). 

IOWA 

Records 

From  the  day  on  which  the  United  States  entered  the  war  the 
State  Historical  Society  of  Iowa  pursued  the  policy  of  collecting 
records  of  the  conflict  chiefly  for  publications:  (1)  a  series  of 
twenty-four  booklets  under  the  title,  Iowa  and  War,  issued  monthly 
from  July,  1917,  to  June,  1919;  and  (2)  a  series  of  volumes  under 
the  title,  Iowa  Chronicles  of  the  World  War,  the  publication  of 
which  was  begun  in  1920.  In  1918  the  Society  issued  No.  8  of  its 
bulletin  of  information  series  under  the  title,  “Collection  and  Pres¬ 
ervation  of  the  Materials  of  War  History — A  Patriotic  Service  for 
Public  Libraries,  Local  Historical  Societies,  and  Local  Historians.” 
The  Society  has  the  files  of  about  thirty  newspapers.  The  Histori¬ 
cal  Department  of  the  State  Library  has  a  collection  of  war  records 
but  they  relate  chiefly  to  individual  soldiers  and  sailors. 

Publications 

Welfare  Campaigns  in  Iowa,  by  Marcus  L.  Hansen  (Iowa  City,  1920, 
320  pages;  “Iowa  Chronicles  of  the  World  War”).  Y.M.C.A. ; 
Y.W.C.A. ;  Knights  of  Columbus ;  American  Library  Association ;  Jew¬ 
ish  Welfare  Board ;  Salvation  Army ;  war  chest. 

Welfare  Work  in  Iowa,  by  Marcus  L.  Hansen  (Iowa  City,  1921,  321 
pages  ;  “Iowa  Chronicles  of  the  World  War”).  Social,  recreational,  edu¬ 
cational,  religious,  and  educational  work  at  Camp  Dodge;  welfare  work 
throughout  the  State. 

The  Red  Cross  in  Iowa,  by  Earl  S.  Fullbrook  (Iowa  City,  1922,  2 
volumes;  “Iowa  Chronicles  of  the  World  War”).  Development  of  the 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


453 


Red  Cross  organization  in  Iowa ;  financing  local  organizations ;  work  of 
the  women ;  canteen  service ;  home  service ;  camp  service ;  nursing  service. 

Social  Work  at  Camp  Dodge,  by  Fred  Emory  Haynes  (Iowa  City, 
1918,  77  pages;  reprinted  from  Iowa  Journal  of  History  and  Politics, 
October,  1918,  Vol.  16,  pp.  471-547). 

The  Food  Administration  in  Iowa,  by  Ivan  L.  Pollock  (Iowa  City, 
1923,  2  volumes;  “Iowa  Chronicles  of  the  World  War”).  Cooperative 
organizations ;  educational  and  publicity  activities ;  food  pledge  cam¬ 
paign  ;  conservation  of  grain ;  price  interpretation ;  regulations  relative 
to  wheat,  flour,  feeds,  sugar,  and  perishables. 

Iowa  War  Proclamations  (Iowa  City,  1918,  48  pages;  “Iowa  and 
War”).  War  proclamations  issued  by  the  governor  of  Iowa  between 
April  6, 1917,  and  July  1, 1918. 

First,  Second,  and  Third  Liberty  Loans  in  Iowa,  by  Nathaniel  R. 
Whitney  (Iowa  City,  1918,  44  pages ;  “Iowa  and  War”). 

The  Sale  of  War  Bonds  in  Iowa,  by  Nathaniel  R.  Whitney  (Iowa  City, 
1923,  236  pages;  “Iowa  Chronicles  of  the  World  War”).  Financial 
situation  in  Iowa  at  the  beginning  of  the  war;  machinery  for  the  sale 
of  the  bonds ;  the  five  campaigns ;  handling  of  reluctant  buyers ;  record 
of  Iowa  in  the  bond  sales. 

Organized  Speaking  m  Iowa  during  the  War,  by  Bertha  M.  H.  Sham- 
baugh  (Iowa  City,  1918,  56  pages ;  “Iowa  and  War”). 

“How  Iowa  State  Institutions  are  Helping  to  Win  the  War,”  by  A.  E. 
Kepford,  in  Bulletin  of  Iowa  Institutions  under  the  Board  of  Control 
(1918,  Vol.  20,  pp.  236-241). 

“Going  to  College  in  War  Times”  (August  1,  1917,  Official  Publica¬ 
tion  No.  9,  Vol.  16,  of  Iowa  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic 
Arts). 

KANSAS 

Records 

The  Kansas  State  Historical  Society  has  the  correspondence  of 
Governor  Arthur  Capper  relative  to  the  Council  of  Defense,  draft 
and  exemption  boards,  exemption  requests  and  farm  furloughs, 
Navy  League,  Red  Cross,  railroads,  and  slackers. 

In  the  society’s  comprehensive  newspaper  collection  is  a  bound 
file  of  every  newspaper  published  in  Kansas  during  the  war,  and 
volumes  of  clippings  on  the  following  subjects : 

(1)  Work  of  various  organizations  during  the  European  war,  1914- 
1918  (1  volume). 


454 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


(2)  Work  and  workers  of  the  Y.M.C.A.  during  the  European  war, 
1914-1918  (1  volume). 

(3)  Work  and  workers  of  the  Y.W.C.A.  during  the  European  war, 
1914-1918  (1  volume). 

(4)  Liberty  loans  and  War  savings  stamps  (1  volume). 

(5)  Camp  Funston  and  Fort  Riley  (2  volumes). 

(6)  Organization  and  work  of  the  Military  Sisterhood  of  Kansas 
during  the  European  war  (1  volume). 

(7)  Red  Cross  activities  of  different  counties  in  Kansas  during  the 
European  war,  1914-1918  (1  volume). 

(8)  Work  and  workers  of  the  Salvation  Army  during  the  European 
war  (1  volume). 


Publications 

History  of  the  Kansas  State  Council  of  Defense,  edited  by  Frank  W. 
Blackmar  (Topeka,  1921,  137  pages).  Agricultural  production;  report 
of  the  Committee  on  Labor;  report  of  the  Committee  on  Priority;  re¬ 
port  of  the  Committee  on  Utilization  and  Economy ;  reports  of  ac¬ 
tivities  in  some  of  the  counties. 

Several  circulars  were  issued  by  the  Council.  Eight  of  these  are  as 
follows : 

I.  Plant  only  tested  seed  (April  18,  1917,  3  pages). 

3.  Canning  instructions  (May  10,  1917,  16  pages). 

4.  Home-made  apparatus  for  drying  fruits  and  vegetables  (May  19,  1917, 
14  pages). 

5.  List  of  inspected  seed  wheat  (July  3,  1917,  102  pages). 

9.  Use  of  wheat-saving  cereals  (March,  1918,  12  pages). 

10.  One-dish  meals  (March,  1918,  16  pages). 

II.  Seed  list  (March,  1918,  74  pages). 

15.  County  war  organisations  in  Kansas  (December,  1918,  18  pages). 

Report  of  the  Woman's  Committee  of  the  Council  of  Defense  for  Kan¬ 
sas  from  July  6, 1917,  to  December  30, 1918  (Topeka,  1919,  60  pages). 

Winning  the  War  with  Wheat,  issued  by  the  Seed  Wheat  Committee, 
Kansas  State  Council  of  Defense  (Topeka,  1917,  8  pages). 

Council  of  Defense  Chronicle  (Nos.  1-3,  March,  April,  August,  1918). 

Food,  U.S.  Food  Administration,  Wichita,  Kansas,  Walter  P.  Innes, 
administrator  (Nos.  1-18). 

We  are  at  War  (Safety  Bulletin  No.  2,  State  Department  of  Labor 
and  Industry,  Topeka,  1917,  16  pages). 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


455 


KENTUCKY 

Records 

Records  of  war  activities  in  Kentucky  have  been  collected  by  the 
State  Historian  for  the  Kentucky  Council  of  Defense  and  by  a  lo¬ 
cal  historian  in  each  of  the  counties.  The  work  was  begun  with  the 
appointment  of  the  State  Historian  in  September,  1918,  and  that 
it  might  be  pursued  to  completion  the  legislature  continued  the 
council  in  existence  until  March,  1924. 

The  material  collected  and  compiled  for  the  State  during  this 
period  is  bound  in  twenty-one  volumes  and  includes  reports  of  state¬ 
wide  work  of  the  Kentucky  Council  of  Defense,  Liberty  loan  and 
war  savings  stamp  campaigns,  food  administrator,  fuel  adminis¬ 
trator,  Red  Cross,  Y.M.C.A.,  Knights  of  Columbus,  Jevush  Wel¬ 
fare  Board,  women’s  clubs,  schools,  churches,  and  Four  Minute  men ; 
a  history  of  the  Students’  Army  Training  Corps ;  a  history  of  each 
military  establishment  within  the  State ;  and  records  of  activities  of 
the  selective  service  boards,  American  Protective  League,  War 
Camp  Community  Service,  Y.W.C.A.,  Boy  Scouts,  and  Boys’ 
Working  Reserve. 

At  the  county  clerk’s  office  in  each  county  is  at  least  one  volume 
of  war  records  (Jefferson  County,  34  volumes)  relative  to  council 
of  defense  activities.  Liberty  loan  and  war  savings  stamp  cam¬ 
paigns,  food  and  fuel  administrations,  local  draft  boards.  Four 
Minute  men,  the  Red  Cross,  and  other  organizations. 

Publications 

State  Conference  on  Kentucky  Problems,  held  at  University  of  Ken¬ 
tucky,  Lexington,  March  4-5,  1919,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Ken¬ 
tucky  Council  of  Defense  (Frankfort,  1919,  122  pages).  Rural  schools ; 
community  organization ;  commercial  organizations  ;  illiteracy  ;  roads ; 
the  soldier  on  the  land. 

Final  Report  of  the  War  Historical  Work  of  the  Kentucky  Council  of 
Defense  (n.p.  [1924],  15  pages). 


LOUISIANA 

Records 

The  Legislature  of  Louisiana  made  no  provision  for  the  collec¬ 
tion  of  records  of  industrial  and  social  activities  in  the  State  dur- 


456 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


ing  the  period  of  the  war,  and  the  Louisiana  State  Council  of  De¬ 
fense  undertook  only  the  collection  of  personal  records  of  soldiers, 
sailors,  and  marines. 


Publications 

Minutes  of  the  Meeting  of  the  Louisiana  State  Council  of  Defense 
.  .  .  September  2Jf,  1918  (Baton  Rouge,  1918,  15  pages).  Organiza¬ 
tion  and  activities  of  the  Council. 

Condition  of  Women’s  Labor  in  Louisiana,  a  report  by  Women  in 
Industry  Committee,  Council  of  National  Defense,  New  Orleans  Divi¬ 
sion  and  Louisiana  State  Division  (New  Orleans,  1919,  139  pages). 
Wages  and  cost  of  living;  hours  and  industrial  fatigue;  labor  turnover. 

A  Brief  History  of  Woman’s  Committee,  Council  of  National  Defense, 
New  Orleans  Division,  by  Isohne  Rodd  Kendall. 

Louisiana  in  the  War,  by  Herman  J.  Seiferth  (New  Orleans,  1920). 

MAINE 

Records 

The  State  Library  of  Maine  has  the  records  of  the  Committee  on 
Public  Safety  and  a  small  body  of  papers  relative  to  industrial  and 
welfare  organizations.  The  libraries  of  the  Maine  Historical  So¬ 
ciety,  the  University  of  Maine,  Bowdoin  College,  Bates  College, 
and  Colby  College,  and  the  Portland  and  Bangor  public  libraries 
have  data  relative  to  local  participation  in  the  war. 

Publications 

Committee  of  One  Hundred  on  Public  Safety  (n.p.,  n.d.,  52  pages). 
Organization  of  the  committee ;  activities ;  abstracts  of  the  reports  of 
the  county  committees. 

Emergency  War  Measures  enacted  by  the  S event y-Eighth  Legislature 
of  the  State  of  Maine  (Augusta,  1917,  27  pages). 

MARYLAND 

Records 

The  collection  of  war  records  in  Maryland  was  commenced 
shortly  before  the  armistice  by  the  Historical  Division  of  the  Mary¬ 
land  Council  of  Defense,  and  to  carry  on  the  work  after  the  dissolu- 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


457 


tion  of  the  council,  the  legislature  created  a  War  Records  Com¬ 
mission.  The  program  of  the  commission  was  comprehensive  and  in 
its  collection  are: 

(1)  Records  of  the  Maryland  Council  of  Defense. 

(2)  History  of  the  food  administration. 

(3)  History  of  the  fuel  administration. 

(4)  Replies  to  questionnaires  addressed  to  leading  establishments  en¬ 
gaged  in  industry,  commerce,  and  transportation. 

(5)  Histories,  reports,  and  records  of  military  and  naval  establish¬ 
ments,  including  Camp  Meade,  Camp  Holabird,  Aberdeen  Proving 
Ground,  Edgewood  Arsenal,  Curtis  Bay  General  Ordnance  Depot, 
Perryville  Ammonium  Nitrate  Plant,  Zone  Supply  and  Port  Storage 
Office,  General  Hospital  No.  2  at  Fort  McHenry,  Indianhead  Naval 
Proving  Ground  and  Powder  Factory,  LTnited  States  Naval  Academy, 
Naval  Overseas  Transportation  Servdce,  and  Naval  Gun  Factory  at 
Poole  Engineering  and  Machine  Gun  Company  plant. 

(6)  Reports  of  Liberty  loans. 

(7)  Report  and  records  of  Four  Minute  men. 

(8)  Report  and  records  of  the  American  Protective  League. 

(9)  Histories,  reports,  and  bulletins  of  welfare  and  relief  organiza¬ 
tions. 

(10)  Records  of  war  activities  of  educational  institutions,  including 
reports  of  Students’  Army  Training  Corps  at  the  colleges  in  the  State. 

(11)  Reports  from  churches  and  other  religious  organizations. 

(12)  Clippings  from  Baltimore  and  county  newspapers. 

The  Maryland  Historical  Society  has  complete  files  of  the  new’s- 
papers  of  Baltimore. 

Publications 

Report  of  the  Maryland  Council  of  Defense  (n.p.,  1920,  334  pages). 
Camp  community  work;  housing  problem;  motor  truck  trains;  Red 
Cross ;  Americanization ;  non-war  construction ;  commercial  economy ; 
labor  and  employment ;  agriculture. 

General  Meeting  of  the  Maryland  Council  of  Defense  and  .  .  .  the 
Women’s  Section,  February,  1919  (75  pages).  Contains  a  report  of  the 
women’s  section. 

Milk  Cost  Survey  for  the  Week  November  26  to  December  2,  1917. 
Maryland  State  College  and  Public  Service  Commission  cooperating 
(Baltimore,  1917,  42  pages). 


468 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Biennial  Report  of  the  Maryland  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  the 
Maryland  State  Board  of  Agriculture  (Vol.  16,  No.  5,  October,  1919, 
160  pages).  Contains  report  on  the  agricultural  work  conducted  under 
the  auspices  of  the  Maryland  Council  of  Defense  in  cooperation  with  the 
Extension  Service. 

Baltimore  and  the  Draft,  an  Historical  Record.  Issued  by  authority  of 
the  District  Board  of  Baltimore  City  and  the  twenty-four  local  draft 
boards ;  compiled  by  Wm.  E.  Bauer  and  John  P.  Judge,  Jr.  (Baltimore, 
1919,  256  pages). 

Report  of  the  Baltimore  Chapter  of  the  American  Red  Cross  (Balti¬ 
more,  1918,  31  pages). 

Maryland  Division  of  the  U.S.  Boys’  Working  Reserve.  Report  for 
summer  and  autumn  season  of  1918,  by  Frank  B.  Cahn,  Federal  State 
Director  (Baltimore,  1918,  6  pages). 

Maryland  Manual,  1917-1918  (n.p.,  n.d.,  294  pages).  Contains  the 
war  laws  of  Maryland  for  the  year  1917. 

MASSACHUSETTS 

Records 

No  special  provision  was  made  by  the  State  for  the  collection 
and  preservation  of  its  war  records  until  1923,  when  the  state 
legislature  passed  an  act,  approved  May  17,  creating  a  Commis¬ 
sion  on  the  History  of  Massachusetts  in  the  World  War,  and  this 
body  has  undertaken  the  collection  of  material  relative  to  both 
military  and  civilian  activities. 

The  Massachusetts  State  Library  has  the  records,  including  the 
correspondence,  of  the  Executive  Committee  and  of  the  various 
subcommittees  of  the  Massachusetts  Committee  on  Public  Safety. 
Here,  too,  are  the  files  of  the  principal  newspapers  published  in 
Massachusetts,  particularly  valuable,  in  the  absence  of  other  rec¬ 
ords,  for  the  substance  of  the  reports  pertaining  to  industrial 
conditions. 

Publications 

The  Story  of  the  Massachusetts  Committee  on  Public  Safety,  Febru¬ 
ary  10,  19 17 -November  21,  1918,  by  George  Hinckley  Lyman  (Boston, 
1919,  600  pages).  Labor  controversies  and  arbitration;  food  adminis¬ 
tration  ;  fuel  administration ;  women’s  activities. 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


459 


Report  of  Executive  Committee  to  Massachusetts  Committee  on  Pub¬ 
lic  Safety,  March  17,  1917  (20  pages). 

Report  of  Executive  Committee  to  Massachusetts  Committee  on  Pub¬ 
lic  Safety,  November  1,  1917  (Boston,  1917,  27  pages).  Settlement  of 
labor  controversies ;  food  administration ;  fuel  supply ;  mobilization  of 
school  boys  for  farm  service. 

Report  of  the  Committee  on  Mobilization  of  High  School  Boys  for 
Farm  Service  to  the  Executive  Committee,  Massachusetts  Committee  on 
Public  Safety,  October  1,  1917  (Boston,  1917,  60  pages). 

Report  of  the  Committee  on  Public  Safety  of  Springfield  to  the  Mayor 
and  City  Council  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  December  1,  1918  (37  pages). 

Executive  Proclamations  and  War  Legislation,  Commonwealth  of 
Massachusetts  (Boston,  1917,  46  pages). 

Messages  to  the  General  Court,  Official  Addresses,  Proclamations, 
and  State  Papers  of  His  Excellency,  Governor  Samuel  Walker  McCall, 
for  the  years  1916,  1917,  and  1918  (458  pages). 

Massachusetts  Agricultural  College  in  the  War  (May,  1921,  M.A.C. 
Bulletin  No.  4,  Vol.  13,  203  pages).  The  Massachusetts  Food  Commit¬ 
tee  ;  war  work  of  thei.  Experiment  Station ;  special  war  ser\'ice  directed 
by  the  Extension  Service ;  war  work  of  the  students ;  Students’  Army 
Training  Corps. 

Agriculture  and  the  World  War  and  After.  Handbook  No.  2.  Massa¬ 
chusetts  Agricultural  College  (June,  1917,  8  pages). 

The  Extension  Bulletin  for  1919,  issued  by  the  Extension  Service, 
Massachusetts  College  of  Agriculture,  contains  the  following  numbers : 

17.  The  Service  of  Extension  Workers  in  Time  of  War.  An  address  by 
W.  D.  Hurd  (7  pages). 

20.  Seed  Production  in  1918,  by  H.  F.  Tompson  (May,  1918,  18  pages). 

22.  Home  Canning,  by  W.  W.  Chenoweth  (May,  1918,  28  pages). 

24.  The  Home  Manufacture  of  Fruit  Products,  by  W.  \V.  Chenoweth. 

The  Utilization  of  Forest  Products  in  Massachusetts  as  Affected  by 
the  War,  by  Paul  D.  Kneeland  (Boston,  1918,  14  pages). 

The  Quincy  Community  Produce  Exchange,  What  One  Community 
Has  Done,  issued  by  H.  B.  Endicott,  Food  Administrator  of  Massachu¬ 
setts  (10  pages). 

Food  Conservation  Cottages  on  Boston  Common.  Board  of  Food  Ad¬ 
ministration,  State  House  (Boston,  1918,  28  pages). 

Medical  Report  of  Influenza,  Camp  Brooks,  Corey  Hill,  Brookline,  Oc¬ 
tober  15, 1918  (40  pages). 


460 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


MICHIGAN 

Records 

Records  of  Michigan’s  industrial  and  social  activities  for  the 
winning  of  the  war  have  been  collected  by  county  war  boards  and 
county  historical  societies  under  the  direction  of  the  Michigan 
Historical  Commission,  by  the  Detroit  Public  Library,  State  Li¬ 
brary,  the  libraries  of  the  University  of  Michigan  and  the  colleges 
of  the  State,  and  by  the  public  libraries  of  Grand  Rapids,  Sagi¬ 
naw,  Kalamazoo,  Houghton,  and  other  cities.  The  records  comprise 
reports  and  other  material  relative  to  agriculture,  commerce,  fi¬ 
nance,  war  industries,  labor,  education,  and  public  opinion;  mate¬ 
rial  relative  to  churches,  welfare  agencies,  fraternal  orders,  banks, 
manufacturing  and  commercial  establishments ;  and  material  rela¬ 
tive  to  military  and  naval  establishments  within  the  State.  The 
Michigan  Historical  Commission  in  cooperation  with  the  Michigan 
War  Preparedness  Board  has  undertaken  the  preparation  of  a 
history  of  Michigan  in  the  war. 

Publications 

In  the  Michigan  History  Magazine  are  the  following  articles : 

“Michigan  in  the  Great  War/’  hy  Roy  C.  Vandercook  (April,  1918,  Vol. 
2,  pp.  259-269). 

“The  University  of  Michigan  in  the  War,”  by  R.  M.  Wenly  (October, 

1918,  Vol.  2,  pp.  690-701). 

“Work  of  the  War  Preparedness  Board,”  by  Roy  C.  Vandercook  (January, 

1919,  Vol.  3,  pp.  76-80). 

“Michigan  Agriculture  and  the  Food  Supply  during  the  War,”  by  Mrs. 
Dora  Stockman  (October,  1919,  Vol.  3,  pp.  540-546). 

“Michigan  Federation  of  Women’s  Clubs  and  the  Great  War,”  by  Mrs. 
Florence  I.  Bulson  (October,  1919,  Vol.  3,  pp.  564-574). 

“War  Work  of  the  American  Red  Cross  in  Michigan,”  by  Sidney  T.  Miller 
(October,  1919,  Vol.  3,  pp.  584-597). 

“The  University  of  Michigan  and  the  Training  of  her  Students  for  the 
War,”  by  Arthur  Lyon  Cross  (January,  1920,  Vol.  4,  pp.  115-140). 

“Report  of  War  Work  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution  of 
klichigan  from  April,  1915,  to  April,  1919,”  by  Mrs.  William  Henry  Wait 
(January,  1920,  Vol.  4,  pp.  193-242). 

“The  United  States  Boys’  Working  Reserve:  Boy  Soldiers  of  the  Soil,” 
by  L.  B.  W.  (January,  1920,  Vol.  4,  pp.  279-286). 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


461 


“Michigan  in  the  Great  War/’  by  C.  H.  Landrum  (April,  1920,  Vol.  4, 
pp.  478-484), 

“Michigan  War  Legislation,  1917,”  by  C.  H.  Landrum  (October,  1920, 
Vol.  4,  pp.  799-833). 

“Michigan  War  Legislation,  1919,”  by  C.  H.  Landrum  (April,  1921,  Vol. 
5,  pp.  228-267). 

Michigan  War  Records,  Bulletin  No.  10  of  the  Michigan  Historical 
Commission  (Lansing,  1919,  30  pages).  A  plan  for  the  collection  and 
preservation  of  war  records. 

Prize  Essays  Written  by  Pupils  of  Michigan  Schools  in  the  War  His¬ 
tory  Contest  for  1918-1919,  Bulletin  No.  11  of  the  Michigan  Historical 
Commission  (Lansing,  1919,  22  pages).  War  activities  of  schools,  towns, 
and  counties. 

Reconstruction  in  Michigan.  Report  to  the  Governor  by  the  Michigan 
Reconstruction  Committee  (26  pages).  Conseiwation  and  relief;  agri¬ 
culture  ;  unemployment  and  housing ;  industrial  relations  ;  Americaniza¬ 
tion;  health  and  child  welfare;  business  readjustment. 

MINNESOTA 

Records 

The  Minnesota  Historical  Society  was  active  in  collecting  local 
war  records  from  the  day  the  LTnited  States  entered  the  war.  At 
the  suggestion  of  the  society  the  Minnesota  Commission  of  Public 
Safety,  in  October,  1918,  created  the  Minnesota  War  Records 
Commission  which  was  formally  established  by  act  of  the  legisla¬ 
ture  in  April,  1919.  The  program  of  the  commission  included  the 
collection  by  each  county  of  all  available  records  of  war  activities 
within  its  borders  and  the  making  of  a  state  collection  consisting 
of  duplicates  of  parts  of  the  county  records,  of  records  of  state 
organizations,  and  of  records  of  federal  organizations  operating 
within  the  State.  Particular  attention  is  directed  to  the  following 
papers  in  the  state  collection : 

(1)  Statements  of  the  state  and  county  units  of  the  U.S.  Food  Ad¬ 
ministration. 

(2)  Reports  and  correspondence  of  the  Department  of  Home  Eco¬ 
nomics  of  the  State  Agricultural  College. 

(3)  Final  report  of  the  U.S.  Fuel  Administration  in  Minnesota. 

(4)  Reports  on  the  war  activities  of  the  Minneapolis  Civic  and  Com¬ 
merce  Association. 


462 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


(5)  A  private  collection  relative  to  activities  of  the  War  Industries 
Board. 

(6)  Records  of  the  Minnesota  branch  of  the  Woman’s  Committee  of 
the  Council  of  National  Defense. 

(7)  A  private  collection  relative  to  the  organization  of  Saint  Paul 
women  for  war  work  in  the  early  days  of  American  participation. 

(8)  Records  of  branch  ofBces  of  the  United  States  Employment  Serv¬ 
ice  in  Minnesota. 

(9)  A  statement  of  the  war  services  of  the  Woman’s  Relief  Corps. 

(10)  Accounts  of  the  war  activities  of  the  University  of  Minnesota. 

(11)  Histories  of  county  chapters  of  the  American  Red  Cross. 

(12)  Records  of  the  war  council  of  the  Y.M.C.A,  in  Minnesota. 

(13)  Records  of  the  war  council  of  the  Y.W.C.A.  in  Minnesota. 

(14)  Records  of  the  Jewish  Welfare  Board. 

(15)  Records  of  the  Woman’s  Division  of  the  American  Patriotic 
League  of  Saint  Paul. 

(16)  Records  of  the  Minneapolis  and  Saint  Paul  offices  of  the  War 
Camp  Community  Service. 

(17)  Records  of  the  Boy  Scout  organization  of  Saint  Paul. 

(18)  Records  of  the  Americanization  Committee  of  the  Minnesota 
Commission  of  Pubhc  Safety. 

(19)  A  voluminous  collection  of  newspaper  clippings. 

Publications 

Report  of  Minnesota  Commission  of  Public  Safety  (Saint  Paul,  1919, 
319  pages).  Food  production  and  conservation;  marketing;  fish  as  food 
supply ;  production  of  iron  ore ;  fuel ;  labor ;  Americanization.  An  appen¬ 
dix  contains  the  by-laws  and  orders  of  the  commission  and  excerpts 
from  minutes  of  its  meetings. 

Minnesota  in  the  War.  Official  bulletin  of  the  Minnesota  Commission 
of  Public  Safety,  September,  1917,  to  February,  1919  (Vol.  1,  Nos. 
1-52;  Vol.  2,  Nos.  1-18). 

A  comprehensive  history  of  Minnesota’s  participation  in  the  World 
War  is  in  preparation  by  the  War  Records  Commission,  but  only 
volumes  devoted  to  military  history  have  as  yet  appeared  (1925). 

MISSISSIPPI 

The  collection  and  classification  of  records  of  war  activities  in 
Mississippi  has  been  undertaken  by  the  Mississippi  Department 
of  Archives  and  History. 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


463 


MISSOURI 

Records 

The  State  Historical  Society  of  Missouri  has  the  records  of  the 
Missouri  Council  of  Defense  and  files  of  Missouri  newspapers  dur¬ 
ing  the  period  of  the  war.  The  society  has  not  undertaken  the 
collection  of  other  records  of  industrial  and  social  activities  in  the 
State  during  the  war  but  the  legislature  has  made  provision  for  a 
history  of  Missouri  in  the  war  by  the  Adjutant  General. 

Publications 

Final  Report  of  the  Missouri  Council  of  Defense  (n.p.,  n.d.,  121 
pages).  Agriculture  and  food  production;  commercial  economy;  non¬ 
war  construction. 

A  survey  of  Missouri’s  participation  in  the  war  is  contained  in  a 
series  of  six  articles  on  “Missouri  and  the  War,”  by  Floyd  C.  Shoe¬ 
maker,  in  the  Missouri  Historical  Review  (October,  1917 ;  January, 
April,  July,  October,  1918;  July,  1919;  Vols.  12,  13). 

The  Thirty-Eighth,  Thirty-Ninth,  Fortieth,  and  Forty-First  Annual 
Reports  of  the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics,  State  of  Missouri  (Jefferson 
City,  1918-1921,  2  vols.,  1754  pages),  constitute  a  war-time  industrial 
history  of  the  State.  Missouri  as  an  agricultural  State;  manufacturing; 
mineral  resources  and  metal  output ;  revival  of  Mississippi  River  traffic ; 
business  associations ;  organized  labor ;  free  emplo3™ent ;  women  wage 
earners ;  high  cost  of  living ;  state  and  municipal  welfare  work. 

The  Annual  Reports  (Year  Book)  of  the  Missouri  State  Board  of 
Agriculture  for  the  years  1917,  1918,  and  1919  (Jefferson  City,  1917- 
1919)  contain  statistical  data  on  agriculture  in  Missouri  during  the 
war  years,  war-time  economic  conditions  in  the  State,  crop  production, 
live-stock  production,  and  food  conservation. 

The  Monthly  Bulletin,  Missouri  State  Boai*d  of  Agriculture,  contains 
the  following  numbers : 

Arms  and  Agriculture  (Vol.  15,  No.  4,  31  pages). 

War-Time  Farming  in  ^Missouri  (Vol.  15,  No.  8,  63  pages). 

The  Farmer  and  the  War  (Vol.  16,  No.  1,  47  pages). 

The  New  Patriotism  (Vol.  16,  No.  2,  15  pages). 

Live  Stock  in  War  Time  (Vol.  16,  No.  3,  19  pages). 

Farming  on  a  War  Basis,  by  O.  R.  Johnson,  is  Circular  No.  31,  Ex¬ 
tension  Service,  College  of  Agriculture  (Columbia,  1917,  20  pages). 

An  Educational  Program  for  the  War  (September,  1917,  39  pages) 


464  OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 

was  published  by  the  Division  of  Rural  Education,  State  Normal  School, 
Kirksville. 


MONTANA 

Orders  Made  and  Promvlgated  hy  the  Montana  Council  of  Defense 
.  .  .  March  15  and  April  1918  (Helena,  1918,  7  pages).  Utilization 
of  the  man  power  of  Montana ;  the  use  of  the  German  language. 

NEBRASKA 

Records 

The  Nebraska  State  Historical  Society  has  the  records  of  the 
State  Council  of  Defense,  including  the  Woman’s  Auxiliary,  files 
of  nearly  all  the  Nebraska  newspapers  during  the  period  of  the 
war,  and  a  large  collection  of  letters  written  by  men  in  the  service 
both  in  the  United  States  and  overseas. 

Publications 

Are  You  Sorry  You  Came  to  This  Country?  An  address  to  citizens 
of  the  United  States  of  German  birth  or  ancestry  by  C.  J.  Ernst.  Pub¬ 
lished  and  distributed  by  the  Nebraska  State  Council  of  Defense  (1917, 
12  pages). 

Bridging  the  Atlantic.  A  discussion  of  the  problems  and  methods  of 
Americanization  by  Sarka  B.  Hrbkova.  Issued  and  printed  by  the  Ne¬ 
braska  State  Council  of  Defense  (1919,  32  pages). 

NEVADA 

Records 

The  Nevada  Historical  Society  has  for  the  war  period  copies  of 
the  telegrams  from  the  governor’s  office,  copies  of  the  orders  pro¬ 
mulgated  by  the  adjutant  general,  and  files  of  Nevada  newspapers. 
The  state  legislature  has  made  an  appropriation  to  enable  the  secre¬ 
tary  of  the  society  to  prepare  a  history  of  the  State’s  participa¬ 
tion  in  the  war. 


Publications 

Nevada  War  Gardens,  by  C.  S.  Knight.  State  Service  Bulletin,  Col¬ 
lege  of  Agriculture,  No.  17  (1918,  8  pages). 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


465 


A  number  of  leaflets  and  bulletins  on  foods,  live  stock,  and  gardens 
were  published  by  the  Extension  Department,  University  of  Nevada, 
to  promote  war  conservation  and  production. 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
Records 

The  New  Hampshire  Committee  on  Public  Safety  appointed  a 
state  war  historian  in  August,  1917,  to  wu'ite  a  history  of  the  com¬ 
mittee  and  of  its  eighteen  subcommittees,  and  to  compile  the  service 
record  of  the  men  and  women  of  New  Hampshire  who  were  in  the 
military  or  naval  service  of  the  United  States  and  the  allies.  The 
collection  of  other  records  of  New  Hampshire’s  participation  in  the 
war  was  left  to  the  New  Hampshire  Historical  Society. 

Publications 

The  New  Hampshire  Committee  on  Public  Safety  (  Concord,  1922, 141 
pages).  Organization;  keeping  in  touch  with  the  towns;  industrial  sur¬ 
vey;  transportation;  curtailment  of  non-war  construction;  Americani¬ 
zation. 

Food  Administration  in  the  Granite  State  during  the  World  War 
(Concord,  1919,  43  pages). 

NEW  JERSEY 
Records 

The  collection  of  war  records  in  New  Jersey  w'as  undertaken  by 
a  War  History  Bureau  which  was  created  by  the  state  legislature, 
in  1919,  as  an  adjunct  to  the  State  Library.  The  bureau  has  re¬ 
plies  to  questionnaires  relative  to  the  State  Council  of  National 
Defense,  the  National  League  for  Women’s  Services,  the  American 
Protective  League,  the  War  Camp  Community  Service,  the  public 
schools.  Liberty  loan  campaigns,  money  drives,  municipal  and  war 
relief  committees.  Eight  important  reports  prepared  for  the  bureau 
are  as  follows : 

(1)  War  work  of  the  New  Jersey  Council  of  Defense  from  March 
28,  1917,  to  November  23,  1918. 

(2)  History  of  the  United  States  Food  Administration  in  New  Jersey 
from  May  8  to  December  31,  1918. 


466 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


(3)  The  work  of  the  Federal  Fuel  Administration  in  New  Jersey. 

(4)  The  New  Jersey  school  report. 

(5)  The  Selective  Service  Organization  for  the  State  of  New  Jersey. 

(6)  War  Work  in  the  Hospitals,  1917  to  1919. 

(7)  The  Mercy  Committee  of  New  Jersey. 

(8)  The  Women’s  Liberty  Loan  Committee  of  New  Jersey,  April  21 
to  May  10,  1919  (Victory  Loan). 

The  State  Library  has  the  files  of  the  Camden  Post-Telegraph, 
Newark  News,  Newark  Star  Eagle,  State  Gazette  (Trenton),  and 
Trenton  Times. 


NEW  MEXICO 
Records 

The  State  Historical  Service  of  New  Mexico  was  organized  in 
August,  1917,  to  gather  and  compile  the  war  records  of  the  State. 
The  service  was  interested  chiefly  in  personal  records,  but  it  has 
the  files  of  some  sixty  daily  and  weekly  newspapers  of  the  State 
during  the  period  of  the  war  and  has  prepared  a  preliminary  his¬ 
tory  of  New  Mexico’s  participation  in  the  war. 

Publications 

“War  Work  of  New  Mexico”  in  the  New  Mexico  Blue  Book,  1919 
(Santa  Fe,  1919,  pp.  63-114).  The  State  Council  of  Defense;  agri¬ 
cultural  operations ;  education  and  labor ;  women’s  part. 

War  Service  of  the  University  of  New  Mexico,  University  Bulletin  No. 
96  (Albuquerque,  1919,  47  pages). 

Council  of  Defense.  New  Mexico  War  News,  edited  by  Guthrie  Smith; 
published  weekly,  1917-1918. 

NEW  YORK 
Records 

Within  a  few  days  after  the  declaration  of  war  on  April  6,  1917, 
the  Division  of  Archives  and  History  sent  circular  letters  to  liis- 
torical  and  patriotic  societies,  libraries,  and  public  officials  of 
towns,  villages,  and  cities,  requesting  them  to  inaugurate  the  work 
of  gathering  records  of  war  activities.  The  State  Library  sent  a 
similar  request  to  libraries  throughout  the  State,  and  subsequently 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


467 


a  War  Records  Bureau  was  organized  in  the  Adjutant  General’s 
Office.  The  state  legislature  passed  an  act,  April  11,  1919,  provid¬ 
ing  for  the  appointment  of  a  local  historian  in  each  town,  incor¬ 
porated  village,  and  city,  except  the  City  of  New  York,  whose  duty 
should  be  to  collect  and  preserve  historical  material  under  instruc¬ 
tions  from  the  State  Historian,  who  is  the  director  of  the  Division 
of  Archives  and  History,  and  on  April  19,  1919,  the  legislature 
adopted  a  resolution  directing  the  State  Historian  to  prepare  a 
history  of  New  York’s  participation  in  the  war. 

The  War  Records  Bureau  of  the  Adjutant  General’s  Office  has 
personal  service  records,  and  records  of  the  military  and  naval  es¬ 
tablishments  within  the  State. 

The  State  Library  has  the  principal  state  collection  of  public 
documents,  books,  and  pamphlets,  including  special  state  reports 
relative  to  agriculture,  manufactures,  and  commerce.  It  has  a  file 
of  the  “chief  newspaper”  of  each  county,  and  files  of  some  of  the 
newspapers  published  in  the  larger  cities.  The  Division  of  Archives 
and  History  has  the  annual  reports  of  the  750  local  historians  who 
were  appointed  under  the  law  of  April  11,  1919 — reports  which,  in 
the  estimate  of  the  State  Historian,  “vary  from  remarkable  docu¬ 
ments  to  those  of  mediocre  excellence.” 

The  material  collected  by  the  local  historians  includes  records  of 
the  output  of  establishments  supplying  war  material,  records  of  all 
organizations,  both  social  and  industrial,  which  were  engaged  in 
operations  connected  with  the  war,  and  newspaper  clippings  rela¬ 
tive  to  the  war  activities  of  particular  political  units. 

Publications 

Report  of  the  New  York  State  Food  Commission,  October  18,  1917, 
to  July  1,  1918,  with  a  supplementary  report  for  the  four  months  end¬ 
ing  November  1,  1918  (Alban}',  1919,  151  pages).  Methods  of  meeting 
the  farm  labor  situation ;  women  farm  labor  specialists ;  tractors ;  in¬ 
creasing  pork  production ;  increasing  wheat  acreage ;  war  gardens ; 
distribution  and  transportation;  conservation;  Food  Council  of  Greater 
New  York. 

The  Food  Supply  and  the  War:  Report  of  the  New  York  State  Food 
Supply  Commission  (Albany,  1918,  31  pages).  The  Patriotic  Agricul¬ 
tural  Service  Committee  was  appointed  by  the  governor  April  13,  1917  ; 
by  an  act  of  the  legislature  this  committee  became  the  New  York  State 


468 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


Food  Supply  Commission  which  functioned  from  April  17  until  October 
15,  when  it  was  succeeded  by  the  New  York  State  Food  Commission. 

List  of  Creameries,  Cheese  Factories,  Milk  Stations,  Condensing 
Plants  and  Powdered  Milk  Plants  in  New  York  State  (Agricultural  Bul¬ 
letin  No.  113,  Division  of  Agriculture,  Department  of  Farms  and  Mar¬ 
kets,  November,  1918,  62  pages). 

Proceedings  of  Second  Patriotic  Sheep  Meeting,  Exhibition,  and  Sale. 
Held  at  Albany,  N.  Y.,  November  12,  13,  and  14,  1918  (Agricultural 
Bulletin  No.  114,  Division  of  Agriculture,  Department  of  Farms  and 
Markets,  December,  1918,  86  pages). 

Census  of  the  Agricultural  Resources  of  New  York.  Census  of  1917 
taken  by  order  of  the  New  York  Food  Supply  Commission,  census  of 
1918  taken  by  order  of  the  New  York  State  Food  Commission  (Albany, 
1919,  69  pages). 

Report  of  the  Executive  Committee,  Mayor's  Committee  [City  of  New 
York]  on  National  Defense  (November  21,  1917,  41  pages).  Organiza¬ 
tion  and  activities. 

The  Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense  (New  York,  1918,  327 
pages).  A  report  by  the  director  general  on  the  functioning  of  the  sub¬ 
committees  of  the  Committee  on  National  Defense,  City  of  New  York: 
Committee  on  Arts  and  Decorations,  Committee  on  Associated  Cities, 
Committee  on  Associated  War  Work,  Committee  on  Building  and  Con¬ 
struction,  Committee  on  Civic  Finance,  Committee  on  Civic  Problems, 
Committee  on  Commerce,  Committee  on  Domestic  Supplies,  Committee 
on  Labor,  Committee  on  Loyalty,  Committee  on  National  Activities, 
Committee  on  Retail  Industries,  Committee  on  Trades  and  Manufac¬ 
turers,  Committee  on  Transportation,  Committee  on  Wholesale  Indus¬ 
tries,  and  others. 

Bulletin  of  the  New  York  State  Industrial  Commission  (monthly, 
1917-1919).  Devoted  in  part  to  such  matters  as  the  labor  market, 
women  in  industry,  what  women  earn,  and  child  welfare  standards. 

Eighth  Annual  Report  of  the  Conservation  Commission  (Albany, 
1919).  Review  of  conservation  during  the  war  and  discussion  of  conser¬ 
vation  in  the  reconstruction  program. 

Wood  Fuel,  by  W.  G.  Howard  (Albany,  1918,  8  pages).  Bulletin  No. 
16  of  the  New  York  Conservation  Commission,  published  in  cooperation 
with  the  United  States  Fuel  Administration. 

Preliminary  Report  of  Reconstruction  Commission  on  Demobilization 
.  .  .  and  Unemployment  in  New  York  City,  April,  1919  (Albany,  1919, 
6  pages). 

Report  of  Reconstruction  Commission  ...  on  Retrenchment  and  Re- 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


469 


organization  in  the  State  Government  (Albany,  1919,  419  pages). 
Present  organization ;  proposed  organization. 

Report  of  Reconstruction  Commission  on  Public  Improvements  in 
Progress  .  .  .  and  Contemplated,  April  14,  1919  (Albany,  1919,  28 
pages). 

Report  of  Reconstruction  Commission  on  a  Permanent  Unemploy¬ 
ment  Program,  June,  1919  (Albany,  1919,  17  pages). 

Report  of  Reconstruction  Commission  on  Business  Readjustment  and 
Unemployment,  April  14,  1919  (Albany,  1919,  21  pages). 

Report  of  the  Housing  Committee  of  the  Reconstruction  Commission, 
March  26,  1920  (Albany,  1920,  65  pages). 

Report  of  the  Committee  on  Education  of  the  Reconstruction  Com¬ 
mission  m  the  matter  of  Americanization,  May,  1919  (Albany,  1919,  7 
pages). 

NORTH  CAROLINA 
Records 

The  Secretary  of  the  North  Carolina  Historical  Commission 
was  director  of  the  Historical  Committee  of  the  North  Carolina 
Council  of  Defense.  In  October,  1917,  the  committee  issued  a  bulle¬ 
tin  urging  the  collection  of  such  records  as  official  documents,  reso¬ 
lutions,  and  reports  of  public  meetings,  resolutions,  reports,  and 
activities  of  social,  labor,  and  religious  organizations,  records  of 
the  work  of  the  American  Red  Cross  and  of  women’s  war  work, 
announcements  and  orders  of  transportation  companies,  public  serv¬ 
ice  corporations,  mill  factories,  and  other  industrial  corporations, 
price  lists,  quotations  from  local  markets,  and  records  showing  the 
effect  of  the  war  on  economic  conditions,  and  on  schools  and  col¬ 
leges.  Persons  collecting  such  records  were  requested  to  send  them 
to  the  Historical  Commission  for  preservation.  In  a  majority  of 
the  counties  the  committee  had  assistants  who  gave  special  atten¬ 
tion  to  the  matter.  In  1919  the  state  legislature  passed  an  act 
authorizing  and  directing  the  Historical  Commission  to  employ  a 
Collector  of  World  War  Records  to  continue  the  work  and  to  pre¬ 
pare  a  history  of  North  Carolina’s  participation  in  the  war. 

The  Commission’s  records  relative  to  industrial  and  social  ac¬ 
tivities  include  the  following : 

(1)  Records  of  the  North  Carolina  Council  of  Defense. 

(2)  Records  of  several  county  councils  of  defense. 


470 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


(3)  Miscellaneous  county  collections. 

(4)  Voliuninous  records  of  the  U.S.  Food  Administration  in  North 
Carolina. 

(5)  Records  of  the  U.S.  Fuel  Administration  in  North  Carolina. 

(6)  Records  of  Andrew  B.  Baggerly,  Navy  Yard,  1917-1920. 

(7)  Records  of  the  Liberty  loan  campaigns. 

(8)  Reports  of  war  camp  community  service  in  several  localities. 

(9)  Reports  from  various  women’s  organizations  in  North  Carolina 
during  the  period  of  the  war. 

(10)  Miscellaneous  data  relative  to  education  in  North  Carolina, 
1917-1920. 

(11)  Miscellaneous  economic  data  collected  from  various  sources. 

Publications 

The  North  Carolina  Council  of  Defense,  Plan  of  Organization  (Ra¬ 
leigh,  1917,  15  pages). 

Methods  of  Saving  Wheat,  Meat,  Sugar,  and  Fat.  Bulletin  of  the 
North  Carolina  State  Normal  and  Industrial  College  (Greensboro, 
1917,  32  pages). 

In  After-the-war  Information  Leaflets  issued  by  the  Bureau  of  Ex¬ 
tension,  University  of  North  Carolina  (Chapel  Hill,  1918)  are  the 
following : 

Reconstruction  and  Citizenship  (14  pages). 

Studies  in  the  Social  and  Industrial  Condition  of  Women  as  Affected  by  the 
War,  by  Mrs.  T.  W.  Lingle  (19  pages). 

A  Course  on  Americanization.  Studies  of  the  Peoples  and  the  Movements 
that  are  Building  up  the  American  Nation,  by  Mrs.  T.  W.  Lingle  (62  pages). 


NORTH  DAKOTA 
Records 

A  War  History  Commission  was  appointed  by  the  governor  in 
1918  to  collect  records  and  prepare  a  history  of  North  Dakota’s 
participation  in  the  war.  The  commission  had  the  cooperation  of 
most  of  the  county  superintendents  in  collecting  records  and  in 
1920  the  legislature  made  a  small  appropriation  for  carrying  on 
the  work.  In  1924  the  work  was  reorganized  and  placed  under  the 
direction  of  the  State  Historical  Society. 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


471 


Publications 

The  Quarterly  Journal  of  the  University  of  North  Dakota  (October, 
1919,  Vol.  10,  No.  1)  contains  the  following  articles. 

“North  Dakota’s  Contribution  through  the  Liberty  Loan,’’  by  Samuel  Tor- 
gerson  (pp.  17-22). 

“The  Work  of  the  Welfare  Organizations,’’  by  Howard  E.  Simpson  (pp. 
23-40). 

“Home  Service  Work  of  the  Red  Cross,”  by  Frank  J.  Bruno  (pp.  47-56). 

“The  Work  of  North  Dakota’s  Physicians  and  Nurses,”  by  Dr.  F.  R. 
Smyth  (pp.  57-60). 

“The  Work  of  the  Institutions  of  Higher  Education,”  by  Orin  G.  Libby 

(pp.  61-80). 

“The  Public  Schools  and  the  War,”  by  M.  Beatrice  Johnstone  (pp.  81-83). 

“Various  Secondary  War  Activities  of  the  State,”  by  Vernon  P.  Squires 
(pp.  84-92).  State  council  of  defense;  food  production  and  conservation; 
fuel  conservation;  Four  Minute  men. 

OHIO 

Records 

Ohio  had  no  war  history  commission  that  was  established  by 
law,  but  in  February,  1918,  the  governor  appointed  the  Historical 
Commission  of  Ohio,  composed  largely  of  members  of  the  historical 
profession  in  the  State.  The  commission  worked  in  cooperation  with 
the  Ohio  State  Archaeological  and  Historical  Society  and  the  Ohio 
State  University.  It  appointed  a  chairman  of  the  county  branch  in 
about  three-fourths  of  the  counties  and  issued  a  bulletin  in  which  it 
stated  its  purpose  to  build  up  such  a  collection  of  war  material, 
civilian  and  military,  as  would  represent  all  activities  of  the  people 
of  the  State  with  reference  to  the  war.  Each  county  chairman  was 
directed  to  collect  all  such  documents,  reports,  and  other  records 
as  would  be  useful  in  showing  how  the  war  had  affected  the  life  of 
the  community  in  all  its  aspects. 

Particularly  important  material  in  the  commission’s  collection, 
which  is  housed  in  the  library  of  the  Ohio  State  Archaeological  and 
Historical  Society,  are : 

(1)  Accounts  written  by  public  officials  of  their  activities  in  war 
service,  for  example,  an  account  of  the  fuel  crisis  in  Ohio  during  the 
winter  of  1917-1918,  by  E.  D.  Leach,  assistant  state  fuel  adminis¬ 
trator. 


472 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


(2)  Bulletins  issued  by  war  service  organizations,  for  example,  the 
Ohio  Food  Bulletin. 

(3)  Files  of  139  newspapers  representing  most  of  the  counties. 

(4)  Religious  periodicals. 

(5)  Chamber  of  commerce  publications. 

(6)  Agricultural  periodicals. 

(7)  Labor  papers. 

(8)  Trade  papers. 


Publications 

A  History  of  the  Activities  of  the  Ohio  Branch,  Council  of  National 
Defense:  How  Ohio  Mobilized  Her  Resources  for  the  War  (Columbus, 
1919,  205  pages).  Industrial  relations  and  employment;  food  supply 
and  conservation;  Woman’s  Committee;  profiteering;  fire  prevention. 

Utilization  of  Food  Recipes,  prepared  by  the  Home  Economics  De¬ 
partment,  Ohio  State  University,  and  issued  by  the  Agricultural  Divi¬ 
sion,  Ohio  Branch,  Council  of  National  Defense  (44  pages). 

Proceedings  of  the  Mayor's  Advisory  War  Board,  City  of  Cleveland. 
April  9,  1917,  to  December  27,  1918  (487  pages). 

“Ohio’s  Religious  Organizations  and  the  War,”  by  Martha  L.  Ed¬ 
wards,  in  Oluo  Archaeological  and  Historical  Quarterly  (April,  1919, 
Vol.  28,  pp.  208-224). 

“Ohio’s  German-Language  Press  and  the  War,”  by  Carl  Wittke,  in 
Ohio  Archaeological  and  Historical  Quarterly  (January,  1919,  Vol.  28, 
pp.  82-95). 

OKLAHOMA 

Oklahoma  had  no  war  histor};^  commission,  but  the  collection  of 
records  of  the  war  activities  of  the  State  was  undertaken  by  the 
University  of  Oklahoma.  A  summary  account  of  those  activities  is 
contained  in  Bulletin  No.  19  of  the  Oklahoma  State  Council  of 
Defense,  which,  under  the  title  Sooner s  in  the  War,  is  an  official  re¬ 
port  of  that  organization  from  May,  1917,  to  January  1,  1919 
(Oklahoma  City,  1919,  88  pages). 

OREGON 

The  Librarian  of  the  Oregon  State  Library  was  appointed  State 
Historian  to  direct  the  collection  of  Oregon  war  records.  Circular 
letters  of  instruction  were  sent  out  from  the  headquarters,  and  on 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


473 


a  series  of  blank  forms  county  historians  collected  information  rela¬ 
tive  to  drives  for  funds,  welfare  service,  local  war  achievements,  war 
literature,  and  miscellaneous  economic,  social,  and  educational  ac¬ 
tivities.  In  the  Oregon  Voter,  published  weekly  in  Portland,  are  a 
number  of  articles  on  such  subjects  as:  food  campaign;  why  give 
up  wheat ;  Oregon’s  food  response ;  spruce ;  Liberty  loans ;  Oregon’s 
war  contributions;  Red  Cross;  college  war  training.  Other  publi¬ 
cations  relative  to  Oregon’s  participation  in  the  war  consist  of  a 
few  bulletins  issued  by  the  State  Council  of  Defense,  the  Univer¬ 
sity  of  Oregon,  and  the  Oregon  Agricultural  College. 


PENNSYLVANIA 

Records 

The  Pennsylvania  War  History  Commission  was  appointed  in 
October,  1918,  by  the  Pennsylvania  Council  of  National  Defense 
and  Committee  of  Public  Safety  “to  organize  agencies  designed  to 
perpetuate  the  deeds,  records,  and  achievements  of  the  soldiers, 
sailors,  marines,  and  of  citizens  and  organizations  of  the  Common¬ 
wealth  active  during  the  war  with  Germany  and  Austria,  and  to 
prepare,  print,  and  publish  a  history  of  such  deeds,  records,  and 
achievements.”  With  the  aid  of  county  committees  and  the  coopera¬ 
tion  of  several  state  officials,  and  by  sending  out  more  than  100,- 
000  form  letters  (copies  in  Library  of  Congress),  the  commission 
procured  the  following: 

(1)  Reports  of  nearly  1000  industrial  establishments,  ranging  from 
a  few  paragraphs  to  fifty  typewritten  pages. 

(2)  Two  hundred  and  twenty-six  reports  of  agricultural  organiza¬ 
tions  and  county  food  administrators. 

(3)  Sixty-three  reports  relative  to  commerce  and  transportation. 

(4)  More  than  1000  reports  of  banking  institutions. 

(5)  Reports  of  the  Third  and  Fourth  Federal  Reserve  Districts. 

(6)  The  minutes  of  the  Capital  Issues  Committee  of  the  Third  Fed¬ 
eral  Reserve  District. 

(7)  Histories  and  narratives  describing  the  conduct  of  Liberty  loan 
campaigns. 

(8)  Twenty-seven  labor  reports. 

(9)  Reports  on  public  opinion. 


474 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


(10)  Records  of  the  American  Protective  League. 

(11)  More  than  200  reports  of  church  congregations, 

(12)  Reports  of  social,  welfare,  and  relief  organizations. 

(13)  Reports  of  educational  institutions. 

(14)  Data  regarding  the  Students’  Army  Training  Corps. 

(15)  Histories  of  military  establishments  within  the  State. 

(16)  Histories  and  reports  of  draft  boards. 

(17)  Files  of  75  newspapers  for  December,  1918,  and  January,  1919, 
and  a  few  files  for  a  longer  period. 

Publications 

Outline  of  Departmental  Activities  of  the  Committee  of  Public  Safety 
of  the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  (Philadelphia,  1917,  24  pages). 

An  Outline  of  the  Wartime  Activities  of  the  Pennsylvania  Council  of 
National  Defense  (1919,  55  pages).  Food  supply;  cmlian  service  and 
labor;  pubhcity  and  education;  Woman’s  Committee;  Highways  Trans¬ 
port  Committee, 

First  Annual  Report  of  the  Treasurer,  Pennsylvania  Council  of  Na¬ 
tional  Defense  and  Committee  of  Public  Safety  (1918,  16  pages). 

Emergency  Service  of  the  Pennsylvania  Council  of  National  Defense 
in  the  Influenza  Crisis.  Report  of  the  Vice-Director,  Department  of 
Medicine,  Sanitation,  and  Hospitals  (Philadelphia,  1918,  39  pages). 

Report  of  the  Fourth  Annual  Meeting  of  the  Emergency  Aid  of  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  December  5,  1918  (75  pages). 

Handbook  of  the  Legal  Advisory  Department,  Pennsylvania  Council 
of  National  Defense  (Philadelphia,  1918,  53  pages). 

Relationship  of  Labor  and  Industry  and  the  Pennsylvania  Committee 
of  Public  Safety  in  War  Time.  Bulletin  of  the  Pennsylvania  Department 
of  Labor  and  Industry  (1918,  Vol.  5,  No,  1,  176  pages).  Reconstruc¬ 
tion,  rehabihtation,  and  reemployment  of  the  war  injured. 

Pennsylvania’s  Part  in  the  National  Plan  for  Rehabilitating  and 
Placing  in  Industry  Soldiers  and  Sailors  Disabled  in  War  Service. 
Bulletin  of  the  Pennsylvania  Department  of  Labor  and  Industry  (1918, 
Vol.  5,  No.  2,  124  pages). 

Selected  Young  Men  on  Selected  Farms  and  Liberty  Camps.  U.S. 
Boys’  Working  Reserve,  Pennsylvania  Division  (Philadelphia,  1918,  16 
pages). 

Pennsylvania’s  Participation  in  the  World  JVar  (Harrisburg,  1919, 
22  pages).  An  outline,  by  the  Pennsylvania  War  History  Commission, 
for  a  state  or  county  history  of  the  war. 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


475 


RHODE  ISLAND 
Records 

The  Rhode  Island  Historical  Society  has  a  series  of  scrapbooks 
in  which  are  mounted  chronologically  all  items  in  the  Providence 
Journal  relative  to  Rhode  Island  and  citizens  of  Rhode  Island  in 
the  war. 

The  State  Library  has  a  collection  of  clippings  by  the  soldiers’ 
and  sailors’  information  bureau,  state  headquarters,  of  the  Rhode 
Island  draft.  Histories  of  the  State  Council  of  Defense  have  been 
prepared  by  S.  Ashley  Gibson,  histories  of  the  Food  Administra¬ 
tion  by  Herbert  O.  Brigham  and  by  J.  Taylor  Wilson,  and  a  his¬ 
tory  of  the  Woman’s  Committee  by  Mrs.  Albert  D.  Mead. 

Publications 

Food  Products.  Report  of  Governor  Beeckman’s  Commission  on  Liv¬ 
ing  Costs  in  Rhode  Island  (1917,  21  pages). 

SOUTH  CAROLINA 
Publications 

Report  of  South  Carolina  State  Council  of  Defense  for  half  year  end¬ 
ing  December  31,  1917  (Columbia,  1918,  36  pages).  Activities  and 
achievements;  Woman’s  Council;  county  councils. 

Annual  Report  of  the  South  Carolina  Council  of  Defense,  December 
31,  1918  (Columbia,  1919,  38  pages).  Activities  and  achievements. 

The  South  Carolina  Handbook  of  the  War,  issued  by  the  South  Caro¬ 
lina  State  Council  of  Defense  (92  pages).  Part  H,  The  voice  of  South 
Carolina ;  Part  HI,  How  you  can  help  win  the  war. 

War  Service  Gardens  in  South  Carolina,  by  C.  P.  Hoffman  and  W.  G. 
Crandall.  Extension  Bulletin  No.  39,  Extension  Service,  Clemson  Agri¬ 
cultural  College  (1918,  17  pages). 

More  Grain  to  Win  the  War,  by  C.  P.  Blackwell.  Extension  Circular 
No.  16,  Clemson  Agricultural  College  (1918,  8  pages). 

The  War  Program  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina,  a  report  by  Hast¬ 
ings  H.  Hart  (New  York,  1918,  61  pages).  The  mobilization  of  1917 ; 
future  program  for  the  war ;  care  of  the  convalescent  soldier ;  child  de¬ 
pendency  and  the  war ;  public  health  and  the  war ;  prisoners  and  the  war. 

The  University  and  the  World  War,  by  W.  S.  Currell.  Bulletin  No.  50, 
University  of  South  Carolina  (August,  1917,  14  pages).  Women  and 
the  war ;  war  and  agriculture. 


476 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


SOUTH  DAKOTA 

The  legislature  of  South  Dakota  provided  for  a  war  liistory  com¬ 
mission,  but  the  State  has  been  interested  chiefly  in  securing  the 
personal  records  of  men  in  the  military  and  naval  service.  The 
preparation  of  reports  of  activities  of  the  several  war  agencies  has 
been  left  to  the  department  of  history  of  the  University  of  South 
Dakota. 


TENNESSEE 

Records 

Tennessee  had  a  Historical  Commission  from  1919  to  1923,  but 
its  duties  were  chiefly  the  collection  of  individual  service  records  of 
Tennessee  soldiers,  sailors,  airmen,  and  marines.  When  the  commis¬ 
sion  was  abolished  its  records  were  transferred  to  the  Division  of 
Library  and  Archives,  Department  of  Education.  Among  them  are 
the  following: 

(1)  Report  of  the  libraries  of  Tennessee  in  war  activities. 

(2)  Partial  report  of  college  war  activities. 

(3)  Report  of  dentists  of  Tennessee  in  the  world  war. 

(4)  Report  of  Federated  Women’s  Clubs. 

(5)  Report  of  the  Ladies  Hermitage  Association. 

(6)  Davidson  County  women  in  the  world  war. 

(7)  Report  of  the  Nashville  Section  of  the  Council  of  Jewish  Women. 

(8)  Report  of  Le  Bien-etre  du  Blesse. 

(9)  Report  of  the  five  Liberty  loans. 

(10)  Report  of  the  activities  of  Four  Minute  speakers  of  Davidson 
County. 

(11)  History  of  the  American  Legion  in  Tennessee. 

(12)  Report  of  Boy  Scout  war  activities. 

(13)  Report  of  Girl  Scouts  of  Memphis  and  Shelby  County. 

(14)  Knox  County  in  the  world  war. 

(15)  Report  of  activities  of  the  Nashville  Kiwanis  Club. 

(16)  Newspaper  clippings  concerning  Tennessee  and  Tennesseans  in 
the  world  war. 


TEXAS 

Records 

The  Texas  War  Records  Collection  of  the  University  of  Texas, 
established  by  the  Board  of  Regents  in  October,  1918,  has  state, 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS  477 

American,  and  foreign  material.  In  the  state  section  are  the  fol¬ 
lowing  : 

( 1 )  Records  of  the  Texas  Council  of  Defense. 

(2)  Records  of  the  Food  Administration  in  Texas. 

(3)  A  few  records  of  war  industries. 

(4)  Records  of  Liberty  loan  campaigns. 

(5)  Records  of  social,  welfare,  and  relief  organizations  such  as  the 
Red  Cross,  War  Camp  Community  Service,  Y.M.C.A.,  Y.W.C.A., 
Knights  of  Columbus,  Jewish  Welfare  Board,  and  Salvation  Army. 

(6)  Records  of  the  Speakers’  Bureau. 

(7)  Records  of  the  State  draft  board. 

(8)  Records  of  three  military  camps  conducted  under  the  supervision 
of  the  University  of  Texas. 

(9)  Files  of  newspapers  covering  the  several  sections  of  the  State. 

UTAH 

Records 

The  collection  of  war  records  in  Utah  was  begun  by  a  War  His¬ 
torian  appointed  by  the  State  Council  of  Defense.  It  was  con¬ 
tinued  by  the  Utah  Historical  Society  under  an  act  (1919)  of  the 
legislature  which  designated  the  society  as  the  proper  depository 
for  all  state  historical  material  and  appropriated  funds  to  enable 
it  to  prepare  a  history  of  Utah’s  participation  in  the  war. 

Publications 

State  of  Utah  Council  of  Defense  (1917,  12  pages).  Appointment; 
organization ;  work  accomplished. 

Report  of  the  Council  of  Defense  of  the  State  of  Utah  (Salt  Lake, 
1919,  72  pages).  Food  supply  and  conserv'ation ;  labor;  commercial 
economy;  non-war  construction;  women’s  work;  Americanization;  re¬ 
construction. 

State  Council  of  Defense,  County  Coumcils  of  Defense,  U.S.  Food  Ad¬ 
ministration,  and  Allied  Organizations.  Bulletin  No.  3,  Council  of  De¬ 
fense  (1918,  28  pages). 


VERMONT 

An  act  of  the  legislature  of  Vermont,  approved  March  28,  1919, 
provided  for  the  compilation  of  a  history  of  Vermont’s  part  in  the 


478 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


war.  An  amendment,  approved  March  2,  1921,  required  the  gover¬ 
nor  to  appoint  a  commission  of  five  persons  to  supervise  the  com¬ 
pilation  and  authorized  the  commission  to  employ  a  secretary  or 
historian. 


VIRGINIA 

Records 

The  Virginia  War  History  Commission  was  appointed  by  the 
governor  in  January,  1919,  to  collect  records  and  prepare  a  history 
of  Virginia’s  participation  in  the  war.  Lists  of  the  material  col¬ 
lected  from  January  1,  1919,  to  January  1,  1922,  are  printed  in 
Virginia  Magazine  of  History,  1921,  Supplements  1-4  (144  pages). 
The  more  important  of  the  Commission’s  records  within  the  scope 
of  this  survey  are  as  follows : 

( 1 )  History  of  the  First  Virginia  Council  of  Defense,  April  26,  1917, 
to  January  31,  1918  (75  pages). 

(2)  History  of  the  Second  Virginia  Council  of  Defense,  February  8, 
1918,  to  August  8,  1919  (226  pages). 

(3)  History  of  the  Virginia  Industrial  Council  of  Safety  (3  pages). 

(4)  Two  histories  of  the  Federal  Food  Administration  in  Virginia. 

(5)  History  of  Newport  News  Shipbuilding  and  Drydock  Company 
in  War  Time  (51  pages). 

(6)  History  of  Du  Pont  Dynamite  Plant  at  Hopewell  (15  pages). 

(7)  Two  reports  of  Woman’s  Munition  Reserve  at  Seven  Pines. 

(8)  Reports  of  industrial  plants  in  Richmond,  Fredericksburg,  and 
Charlottesville. 

(9)  Labor  conditions  in  Richmond  (5  pages). 

(10)  Report  of  the  Petersburg  Labor  Board  (4  pages). 

(11)  Effects  of  the  war  on  labor  groups  (2  pages). 

(12)  Report  of  Virginia  Division,  Woman’s  Land  Army  of  America 
(2  pages). 

(13)  History  of  the  Agricultural  Council  of  Safety  (6  pages). 

(14)  Records  and  correspondence  of  the  Agricultural  Council  of 
Safety. 

(15)  Reports  and  questionnaires  relative  to  food  production  and 
agricultural  activities  from  seventeen  cities  and  counties  of  Virginia. 

(16)  Local  Food  Administration  reports  from  seven  Virginia  com¬ 
munities. 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


479 


(17)  Food  Conservation  narratives  and  reports  from  five  Virginia 
communities. 

(18)  Report  of  the  Capital  City  Division,  National  League  of 
Woman’s  Service  (gardens)  (10  pages). 

(19)  Reports  relative  to  commerce  and  transportation. 

(20)  Financing  the  World  War,  with  special  reference  to  the  part 
played  by  the  Federal  Reserve  Bank  of  Richmond,  the  Fifth  Federal 
Reserve  District,  and  the  citizens  of  Virginia,  1917-1919  (440  pages). 

(21)  Reports  and  questionnaires  relative  to  Liberty  loan  cam¬ 
paigns. 

(22)  Reports  from  several  cities  and  counties  on  the  Four  Minute 
men. 

(23)  Civilian  activities  in  war  time  (125  pages). 

(24)  Pre-war  narratives,  giving  views  of  local  public  opinion  during 
the  years  1914-1917,  from  forty-two  cities  and  counties. 

(25)  War  History,  Medical  College  of  Virginia  (37  pages). 

(26)  Twenty-four  reports  from  Virginia  colleges  and  universities. 

(27)  Report  of  the  American  Library  Association  in  Virginia  during 
the  War  (10  pages). 

(28)  Reports  from  public  and  private  schools. 

(29)  Attitude  of  the  church  toward  the  war  (8  pages). 

(30)  Questionnaires  and  reports  from  more  than  three  hundred 
churches. 

(31)  Social  life  of  Richmond  during  the  World  War  (8  pages). 

(32)  The  effect  of  war  on  status  and  outlook  of  women  (5  pages). 

(33)  Reports  of  Red  Cross  Chapters  in  one  hundred  and  three  Vir¬ 
ginia  communities. 

(34)  Experiences  of  a  Red  Cross  Worker  (30  pages). 

(35)  War  Camp  Community  Service  in  Virginia,  1917-1920  (10 
pages). 

(36)  History  of  the  War  Camp  Community  Service  in  Virginia  (30 
pages). 

(37)  Reports  by  cities  on  war  camp  community  service. 

(38)  Twenty-four  reports  from  patriotic  and  fraternal  organiza¬ 
tions. 

(39)  Seventeen  Young  Men’s  Christian  Association  reports. 

(40)  Report  of  the  war  work  of  the  Boy  Scouts  of  Richmond  (38 
pages). 

(41)  Thirteen  United  War  Work  organizations’  reports. 

(42)  General  report  on  Catholic  war  relief  activities  in  Virginia. 


480 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


(43)  Local  reports  on  Salvation  Army,  Boy  Scouts,  Girl  Scouts, 
Knights  of  Columbus,  Jewish  Welfare,  and  Y.W.C.A. 

(44)  Numerous  reports  and  historical  sketches  of  military  and  naval 
establishments  within  the  State. 

(45)  Story  of  the  Draft  in  Virginia  (20  pages). 

(46)  History  of  the  organization  and  operation  of  the  selective  mili¬ 
tary  service  law  in  the  State  of  Virginia  (27  pages). 

(47)  Proclamations,  addresses,  and  messages  of  Henry  Carter  Stu¬ 
art,  war  governor  of  Virginia,  February  1,  1914-February  1,  1918. 

(48)  Proclamations  and  appeals  of  Westmoreland  Davis,  war  gover¬ 
nor  of  Virginia,  February  1,  1918-February  1, 1922. 

(49)  Political  Contributions  of  Virginia  (52  pages). 

(50)  Sketch  of  post-war  activities  in  Virginia  (23  pages). 

(51)  Scrap  books  of  clippings  from  Virginia  newspapers  with  topical 
arrangement:  e.g.  Economic  conditions  in  war  time  (4  volumes)  ;  pre¬ 
war  conditions  and  activities  (6  volumes)  ;  Virginia  churches  in  war 
time  (2  volumes)  ;  Virginia  schools  and  colleges  in  the  war  (1  volume)  ; 
Virginia  communities  in  war  time  (7  volumes)  ;  The  Red  Cross  in  Vir¬ 
ginia  (2  volumes)  ;  War  work  and  relief  organizations  (3  volumes)  ; 
Post  war  conditions  and  activities  (1  volume).  An  index  to  these  clip¬ 
pings  is  in  process  of  publication. 

Publications 

The  University  of  Virginia  in  the  World  War,  by  John  S.  Patton 
(1922,  71  pages). 

“War  Extension  Service,”  in  University  of  Virginia  Record,  Exten¬ 
sion  Series  (November,  1917,  Vol.  3,  40  pages). 

Report  of  the  Virginia  Division,  National  League  for  Woman’s  Serv¬ 
ice,  by  Mrs.  W.  W.  Sale  (Richmond,  1918,  18  pages). 

“After  the  War:  a  Symposium”  in  The  Southern  Workman  (March, 
1919,  Vol.  48,  pp.  134-140).  Race  relations  after  the  war. 

Virginia  War  History  in  Newspaper  Clippings,  Arthur  Kyle  Davis, 
editor  (Richmond,  1924,  Ixx  453  pages).  An  instalment  of  an  index  to 
the  collection  of  clippings  noted  above. 

WASHINGTON 

Records 

The  collection  of  records  in  Washington  was  by  county  com¬ 
mittees  operating  under  the  direction  of  a  member  of  the  historical 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


481 


department  of  the  State  University  and  the  material  collected  by 
each  committee  was  deposited  in  the  most  central  library  in  the 
county. 

Publications 

Report  of  the  State  Council  of  Defense  to  the  Governor  of  Washing¬ 
ton,  Covering  Its  Activities  during  the  War  (Olympia,  1919,  125 
pages).  Organization;  activities;  coordination  of  patriotic  work,  con¬ 
servation  of  resources,  publicity,  and  education. 

“Western  Spruce  and  the  War,”  by  Edmond  S.  Meany,  in  W ashington 
Historical  Quarterly  (October,  1918,  Vol.  9,  pp.  255-258). 

WEST  VIRGINIA 
Publications 

West  Virginia  Legislative  Handbook  and  Manual  and  Official  Regis¬ 
ter,  1919,  compiled  and  edited  by  John  T.  Harris  (Charleston,  1919, 
920  pages).  Part  HI,  pp.  443-698,  is  a  report  of  West  Virginia’s  war 
activities  by  those  who  directed  them :  State  Council  of  Defense ;  Liberty 
loans ;  war  savings  ;  Food  Administration  ;  Fuel  Administration ;  Public 
Service  Reserve;  women  in  the  war;  schools  in  the  war;  the  Four  Minute 
men ;  Red  Cross  work ;  allied  war  relief  work. 

A  Suggested  Program  for  the  Executive  State  Council  of  Defense  of 
West  Virginia,  by  Hastings  H.  Hart  (Charleston,  1917,  24  pages). 
Based  upon  a  study  of  the  institutions  and  resources  of  the  State  by 
Clarence  L.  Stonaker. 

Report  of  Secretary,  West  Virginia  State  Cotmcil  of  Defense,  on  the 
Operation  of  the  Compulsory  Work  Law  for  the  Year  ending  June  19, 
1918  (15  pages). 


WISCONSIN 

Records 

The  collection  of  war  records  in  Wisconsin  was  first  undertaken 
by  the  State  Historical  Society.  Early  in  1918  a  war  history  com¬ 
mission  was  appointed  by  the  State  Council  of  Defense  to  cooperate 
with  the  society  in  carrying  on  the  work,  and  under  this  coopera¬ 
tive  arrangement  a  war  history  committee  M^as  organized  in  each 
county  to  collect  records  of  the  county’s  participation  in  the  war 
for  deposit  in  the  courthouse  or  some  centrally  located  library.  In 


482 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


1919  a  War  History  Commission  was  created  by  the  legislature  to 
take  over  from  the  society  the  further  direction  of  war  history 
activities.  This  commission  functioned  until  June  30,  1923,  when 
its  duties,  together  with  its  records,  were  retransferred  to  the  so¬ 
ciety. 

In  the  bulky  mass  of  records  that  have  been  acquired  are  the 
following : 

(1)  Records  of  the  state  council  of  defense  and  of  the  county  coun¬ 
cils  of  defense. 

(2)  Data  relative  to  prices  of  food  commodities. 

(3)  A  report  on  the  work  of  the  Fuel  Administration  in  Wisconsin. 

(4)  Records  relative  to  the  Liberty  loans. 

(5)  Red  Cross  records. 

(6)  Records  of  the  war  work  of  Dane  County. 

(7)  Office  records  and  correspondence  of  the  Wisconsin  Loyalty 
League. 

(8)  Office  records  and  correspondence  of  the  National  League  for 
Women’s  Service  in  W^isconsin. 

(9)  Office  records  and  correspondence  of  the  Four  Minute  men. 

(10)  Files  of  most  of  the  daily  and  weekly  newspapers  issued  in  Wis¬ 
consin  during  the  period  of  the  war. 

Publications 

The  Wisconsin  Blue  Book,  1919  (Madison,  1919),  contains  a  section 
(pp.  301-438)  on  Wisconsin’s  war  activities:  State  Council  of  Defense, 
Food  Administration,  Fuel  Administration,  labor,  the  draft  boards,  edu¬ 
cational  institutions,  Y.M.C.A.,  and  the  Red  Cross. 

Wisconsin  in  the  World  War,  by  R.  B.  Pixley  (Milwaukee,  1919,  400 
pages).  Recounts  the  activities  of  the  State  Council  of  Defense,  Food 
Administration,  Fuel  Administration,  and  women  in  war  work. 

State  of  Wisconsin,  Messages  to  the  Legislature  and  Proclamations  of 
Emanuel  L.  Philipp,  Governor,  1915-1921  (Milwaukee,  1920,  529 
pages). 

Report  of  the  State  Council  of  Defense,  April  12,  1917-June  30,  1919 
(Madison,  1919,  71  pages).  Organization;  actmties;  financial  state¬ 
ments. 

Report  of  the  Milwaukee  County  Council  of  Defense,  May  1,  1917,  to 
January  1,  1919  (Milwaukee,  1919,  56  pages).  Marketing;  food  con¬ 
servation  ;  emergency  fuel  sales ;  vacant  lot  gardens  ;  war  contracts ;  war 
supplies  made  in  Milwaukee ;  Americanization. 


STATE  WAR  HISTORY  COLLECTIONS 


483 


Forward,  published  by  the  Wisconsin  State  Council  of  Defense 
(weekly  from  May  16,  1917,  to  June,  1918,  and  fortniffhtly  from  June 
to  December  19,  1918). 

Americanization.  Speaker’s  Bureau,  State  Council  of  Defense,  Bulle¬ 
tin  No,  2  (Madison,  1918,  10  pages). 

Why  W orhingmen  Support  the  War,  University  of  Wisconsin  Bulle¬ 
tin  No.  896  (9  pages). 

Serving  Wisconsin  Farmers  in  War  Time,  by  H.  L.  Russell  and  K.  L. 
Hatch,  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Bulletin  No.  294  (July,  1918, 
32  pages). 

War  Prices  and  Farm  Profits,  by  H.  C.  Taylor  and  S.  W.  Mendum, 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Bulletin  No.  300  (March,  1919,  18 
pages). 

War  and  Business.  Preliminary  Announcement,  Third  Wisconsin 
Commercial  and  Industrial  Congress  (February  20-22,  1918). 

Organization  and  Training  of  the  Labor  Supply  in  the  Public  Schools. 
Boys  Council  of  Defense  League,  Bulletin,  prepared  by  the  State  De¬ 
partment  of  Education  (Madison,  1918,  29  pages). 

Desirability  of  Vocational  Education  and  Direction  for  Disabled  Sol¬ 
diers,  by  Elizabeth  G.  Upham,  Bulletin  876,  Extension  Division,  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Wisconsin  (Madison,  1917,  20  pages). 

Report  of  Special  Legislative  Committee  on  Reconstruction,  February 
5,  1919  (Madison,  1919,  30  pages).  Agriculture;  marketing;  labor; 
women  in  industry ;  social  insurance ;  increased  inheritance  tax,  higher 
tax  on  large  incomes. 


WYOMING 

Records 

A  War  History  Committee  of  the  Wyoming  State  Council  of 
Defense  appointed  a  chairman  in  each  county  to  direct  the  local 
collection  of  war  records  and  itself  undertook  the  task  of  assem¬ 
bling  a  comprehensive  state  collection  in  which  are  the  following : 

(1)  Price  lists,  advertisements,  and  other  material  pertaining  to  the 
economic  or  industrial  effects  of  the  war. 

(2)  Data  showing  changes  in  educational  programs  and  institutions 
to  meet  the  emergency. 

(3)  Records  of  Wyoming  men  and  women  who  served  with  the  Red 
Cross,  Y.M.C.A.,  or  other  relief  agencies. 

(4)  Correspondence  of  war  relief  agencies. 


484 


OFFICIAL  SOURCES  OF  WAR  HISTORY 


(5)  Newspaper  files. 

(6)  Pamphlets  issued  by  national,  state,  and  local  agencies. 

The  Wyoming  Historical  Department,  created  in  February,  1919, 
took  over  the  records  and  continued  the  work  of  the  committee. 

Publications 

Thirteenth  Annual  Report  of  the  Dairy,  Food,  and  Oil  Commissioner, 
December  1,  1917  (61  pages).  Food  conservation;  food  control;  spirit 
of  universal  service ;  thrift  for  war  savings. 


INDEX 


Aberdeen,  Md.,  housing,  65;  meetings  at, 
67. 

Aberdeen  Proving  Ground,  history,  72; 
records,  457. 

Abrams  et  al,  case,  24. 

Abrasives,  imports,  350;  report,  352. 

Acetate  of  lime,  report,  352. 

Acetic  acid,  price  report,  342;  report, 
352. 

Acetylene,  report,  352. 

Achievement  clubs,  in-structions  for,  157. 

Acids  and  heavy  chemicals,  condition  of 
industry  report,  351. 

Acids  and  Heavy  Chemicals  Section, 
minutes  of  meetings,  355;  reports,  355. 

Adams,  E.  L.,  bulletin  by,  153. 

Administrative  Division,  Fuel  Adminis¬ 
tration,  functions,  412. 

Advice  Sheet,  War  Industries  Board, 
344. 

Advisory  Council,  War  Labor  Adminis¬ 
tration,  240. 

Advisorj"  Tax  Board,  duties,  35. 

Adjutant  General’s  OflBce,  records,  51- 
52. 

Advertising,  Division  of,  function,  432; 
records,  436. 

Aeronautic  instruments,  investigations 
re,  207. 

Aeronautics,  L^.S.  National  Advisory 
Committee  for,  148,  211. 

Agricultural  Advisory  Committee,  mem¬ 
bership,  185;  proceedings,  185. 

Agricultural  Commission  to  Europe,  ap¬ 
pointment,  136,  186;  functions,  186;  re¬ 
port,  186. 

Agricultural  conditions,  effect  of  the 
war  on,  142. 

Agricultural  depression,  relief  measures, 
14,  423,  424. 

Agricultural  experiment  stations,  work 
and  expenditures,  140-141. 

Agricultural  implement  industry,  con¬ 
servation,  63. 

Agricultural  implements,  condition  of  in¬ 
dustry  report,  351. 

Agricultural  Production,  137,  138. 


Agricultural  products,  hearing  on  bill  to 
authorize  an  association  of  producers, 
11. 

Agricultural  Situation  for  1918,  137. 

Agricultural  staples  and  the  tariff,  sur¬ 
vey,  274. 

Agricultural  statlstic.s,  173,  463. 

Agriculture,  assistance  to,  44;  extension 
work,  140;  under  reconstruction,  142; 
and  food  supply,  442;  reports,  460; 
documents,  467 ;  records,  478. 

Agriculture,  Department  of,  significance 
of  records  of,  xxxvl;  technical  studies, 
xxxvlii ;  annual  reports,  xxxviil,  136 ; 
represented  at  hearings  before  com¬ 
mittees  of  Congress,  7 ;  war  work,  64, 
134,  184;  monthly  surveys,  64;  rela¬ 
tion  to  the  Food  Administration,  135; 
cooperation  with  the  Council  of  Na¬ 
tional  Defense,  138;  publications,  136- 
138,  140-143,  147-149,  151-156,  160-163, 
164-167,  172-173,  174-176,  177,  180,  181- 
182,  183-184;  records,  138-139,  143-145, 
347;  activities  affected  by  reduced  ap¬ 
propriations,  139;  cooperation  with 
agricultural  colleges  and  farmer  or¬ 
ganizations,  139;  cooperation  with  the 
Food  Administration,  142,  143;  co¬ 
operation  with  the  Treasury  Depart¬ 
ment,  142,  143;  represented  on  War 
Labor  Policies  Board,  245 ;  cost  re¬ 
port  to,  267 ;  cooperation  of  Woman’s 
Committee  of  Council  of  National  De¬ 
fense  with,  320 ;  administration  of  price 
control,  342;  advertising  for,  432;  co¬ 
operation  with  Committee  on  Public 
Information,  432;  public  exhibit,  432. 

Agriculture,  Secretary  of,  question  of 
transferring  war  material  to,  97 ;  war 
program,  135-136;  member  of  the 
Council  of  National  Defense  and  War 
Trade  Council,  136,  318;  statements 
prepared  under  direction  of,  137 ;  mem¬ 
ber  of  Federal  Board  for  Vocational 
Education,  310;  represented  on  War 
Trade  Board,  379. 

Aicher,  L.  C.,  bulletin  by,  153. 


486 


INDEX 


Aircraft  Board,  creation  and  functions, 
82,  83;  attends  to  needs  of  the  navy, 
105;  cooperation  of  Bureau  of  Stand¬ 
ards  with,  206;  origin,  319;  records, 
346. 

Aircraft  construction,  wood  in,  148. 

Aircraft  production,  Ijearings  re,  13; 
facts,  84. 

Aircraft  Production,  Bureau  of,  creation 
of,  53;  jurisdiction  and  organization, 
83;  discontinuance,  83;  report,  83;  his¬ 
tory,  84. 

Aircraft  woods,  supplies  and  production, 
148. 

Airplanes,  statistics,  53. 

Airplane  woods,  148. 

Air  Service,  contracts,  18;  reports,  50; 
creation,  organization,  and  functions, 
82-83;  publications,  83;  records,  84. 

Air  Ser^dce  Claims  Board,  83. 

Akron  Industrial  Salvage  Co.,  report, 
187. 

Akron,  Ohio,  industrial  survey,  353. 

Alabama,  negro  migration  from,  250 ;  cost 
of  lumber  report,  266;  coal-cost  re¬ 
port,  270;  war  records  and  publica¬ 
tions,  439-440;  newspapers,  440;  social 
problems,  440;  farm  labor,  live  stock, 
and  crop  survey,  440. 

Alaska,  administration  of  salmon  fish¬ 
eries,  217 ;  curing  herring,  218. 

Aldrich,  H.  R.,  bulletin  by,  343. 

Alexander,  Walter,  history  by,  59. 

Alexandria,  Va.,  industrial  survey,  353. 

Alien  enemies,  regulation  of  conduct,  94. 

Alien  Property  Custodian,  seizure  by,  27 ; 
relation  of  State  Department  with,  28; 
opinions  of  Attorney  General  affecting, 
99;  cooperation  of  Post  Office  Depart¬ 
ment  with,  103;  cooperation  of  Bureau 
of  Navigation  with,  225;  cooperation  of 
Federal  Trade  Commission  with,  264; 
contact  with  War  Trade  Board,  380, 
383 ;  functions,  427 ;  publications,  427- 
428;  informs  the  public,  430,  433. 

Aliens,  eligibility  to  war  risk  insurance, 
98-99. 

Alkaline  and  Chlorine  Section,  minutes 
of  meetings,  355;  reports,  355-356. 

Alkaline  chemicals,  cost  report,  351. 

Allanwilde  Transportation  Corporation, 
case,  22. 

Allen,  S.  W.,  report  by,  148. 

Alliance,  Ohio,  railway  mounts  produced 
at,  72. 


Allied  Purchasing  Commission,  repre¬ 
sented  on  Priorities  Board,  339;  func¬ 
tion,  340;  records,  354-355. 

AUies,  making  loans  to,  28. 

Almy,  Lloyd  H.,  bulletin  by,  175. 

Alton,  IlL,  Western  Cartridge  Co.,  re¬ 
port,  64. 

Altschul,  Charles,  German  Militarism  and 
Its  German  Critics,  434. 

Aluminum,  papers  re,  209;  circulars  re, 
210,  211 ;  cost  reports,  266,  351 ;  price 
fixing,  340. 

Amatol,  N.  J.,  ordnance  school  at,  63. 

American  Association  for  Labor  Legis¬ 
lation,  resolutions,  230. 

American  Banlsers’  Association,  conven¬ 
tion,  43;  cooperation  in  Liberty  loan, 
278. 

American  Bureau  of  Shipping,  coopera¬ 
tion  in  inspecting  vessels,  223. 

American  Council  on  Education,  co¬ 
operation  of  Bureau  of  Education  with, 
126. 

American  Diamond  Committee,  contact 
with  War  Trade  Board,  380. 

American  Embargo  Conference,  list  of 
subscribers  to,  11. 

American  Federation  of  Labor,  nomina¬ 
tions  by,  240;  relation  of  I.abor  Divi¬ 
sion,  War  Industries  Board,  with,  338. 

American  Industry  in  the  War,  by  Ber¬ 
nard  M.  Baruch,  341. 

American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers, 
connection  with  Bureau  of  Mines,  120. 

American  International  Shipbuilding 
Corporation,  8. 

American  Iron  and  Steel  Institute,  con¬ 
tact  with  War  Trade  Board,  380. 

Americanization,  hearings  on  bills  to 
promote,  9,  15,  16;  project  for,  127; 
a  periodical,  127 ;  bulletins,  127,  128, 
129;  problem  of,  128;  addresses  of  the 
Secretary  of  the  Interior  on,  132;  bib¬ 
liography,  133;  report  re,  229;  by  the 
Bureau  of  Naturalization,  233;  circu¬ 
lar  re,  257 ;  a  function  of  Field  Divi¬ 
sion,  Council  of  National  Defense,  321; 
records,  329;  California,  443;  Michigan, 
461;  Minnesota,  462;  Utah,  477;  Wis¬ 
consin,  483. 

Americanization  Conference,  proceedings, 
130. 

American  Legion,  Tennessee,  report,  476. 

American  Library  Association,  Virginia, 
report,  479. 


INDEX 


American  loyalty  leagues,  cooperation 
with  Committee  on  Public  Information, 
432. 

American  merchant  marine,  hearing  on 
bill  for  establishment  of,  8;  statistics, 
225. 

American  Physical  Society,  report  to,  212. 

American  Protective  League,  organiza¬ 
tion  and  operation,  94;  achievements, 
95 ;  Kentucky,  records,  455 ;  Maryland, 
records,  457;  Minnesota,  records,  462; 
New  Jersey,  records,  465;  Pennsyl¬ 
vania,  records,  474. 

American  Shipbuilding  Company,  tests 
at  yards  of,  148. 

American  University,  chemical  warfare 
service,  85;  gas  investigations,  119. 

Ammonia,  production,  118;  production 
and  distribution,  174;  report  re,  352. 

Ammonium  nitrate,  report  re,  352. 

Anderson,  Frank  F.,  bulletin  by,  343. 

Andrews,  Frank,  article  by,  173. 

Andrews,  J.  B.,  circular  by,  450. 

Animal  Industry,  Bureau  of,  war  ac¬ 
tivities,  160;  publications,  160-162;  rec¬ 
ords,  162-163. 

Annapolis,  Md.,  governors’  conference 
at,  133. 

Anthony,  G.  A.,  bulletin  by,  161. 

Antimony,  export  regulation,  94;  inves¬ 
tigations  re,  120;  statistics,  215;  effect 
of  the  war  on,  275;  imports,  350. 

Arizona,  reclamation  fund,  123;  Egyp¬ 
tian  cotton  in,  153;  labor  discontent  in, 
239;  newspapers,  440;  records  and 
publications,  440^41. 

Arkansas,  subscriptions  to  fourth  Lib- 
ertj'  loan,  44;  manganese  deposits,  116; 
cost  of  lumber  report,  266;  records 
and  publications,  441. 

Army  duck,  cost  report,  351. 

Army  Nurse  Corps,  87. 

Army  Transport  Service,  correspond¬ 
ence  re  use  of  vessels  for,  78;  list  of 
vessels  in,  78. 

Army  War  College,  Historical  Section, 
organization  and  functions,  61;  publi¬ 
cations,  62;  records,  62-70. 

Arnold,  J.  H.,  bulletins  by,  176,  177; 
article  by,  177. 

Arnold,  Julean,  monograph  by,  200. 

Arsenic,  conservation  and  distribution, 
178;  report  re,  352;  supply  of,  398. 

Artificial  Dyes  and  Intermediates  Sec¬ 


487 

tion,  minutes  of  meetings,  356;  reports, 
356. 

Asbestos,  report  re,  352. 

Ashbrook,  F.  G.,  bulletins  by,  155,  161. 

Asphalt,  report  re,  352. 

Association  of  State  Geologists,  connec¬ 
tion  with  Bureau  of  Mines,  120. 

Atkinson,  James,  article  by,  167. 

Atlanta,  Ga,,  supply  depot  at,  57 ;  zone 
finance  officer,  93;  reports  of  Federal 
Reserv'e  district,  277 ;  industrial  survey, 
353;  headquarters,  Capital  Issues  dis¬ 
trict  committee,  425. 

Atlantic  City,  N.  J.,  convention  in,  43. 

Atlantic  Coast,  German  submarine  ac¬ 
tivities  on,  110. 

Attorney  General,  annual  reports,  94; 
opinions,  94,  95-99;  reports  to  the  Sen¬ 
ate,  100;  agreement  with  manufacturers 
of  news  print  paper,  101. 

Australia,  leather  from,  30. 

Automobile  industry,  report  on,  350. 

Automobile  tire  Industry,  conservation, 
63. 

Automotive  equipment,  waste  in  procur¬ 
ing,  79. 

Automotive  Products  Section,  minutes  of 
meetings,  356;  reports,  356. 

Automotive  Transport  Committee,  origin, 
319. 

Averill,  W.  A.,  bulletin  by,  343. 

Aydelotte,  Frank,  report  by,  61. 

Ayers,  Leonard  P.,  statistical  summary 
by,  53. 

Ayers,  S.  H.,  article  by,  162. 

Azalea,  N.  C.,  meeting  at,  67. 

Azaleas,  importation  blocked,  32. 

Babcock,  F.  Ray,  bulletin  by,  154. 

Babson,  Roger  W.,  report  by,  251. 

Back,  E.  A.,  article  by,  179;  bulletin  by, 
179. 

Baggerly,  Andrew  B.,  records,  470. 

Bailey,  Herbert  S.,  bulletins  by,  153,  175; 
article  by,  175. 

Baker,  Henry  D.,  monograph  by,  200. 

Baker,  Newton  D.,  The  Nation  in  Arms, 
433. 

Baker,  O.  E.,  article  by,  177. 

Bakery  reports,  410. 

Baking  industry,  licensing,  406. 

Ball,  Carleton  R.,  bulletins  by,  153,  155. 

Baltimore,  Md.,  supply  depot,  57 ;  ord¬ 
nance  office  in,  72;  shrapnel  produced 
in,  72;  gas  offense  service,  85;  zone 


488 


INDEX 


finance  officer,  93;  port  headquarters, 
Naval  Overseas  Transportation  Service, 
106;  ship-operation  district,  282. 

Bancroft,  Wilder  D.,  history  of  Chemical 
Warfare  Service  by,  86. 

Banking  institutions,  reports:  Florida, 
446;  Pennsylvania,  473. 

Banks,  records:  Arkansas,  441;  Indiana, 
451 ;  Michigan,  460. 

Barbed  wire,  report  re,  362. 

Barber,  William  A.,  bulletins  by,  343. 

Barium  chlorate,  report  re,  352. 

Barley,  prices,  343;  statistics,  403. 

Barrett,  Robert  S.,  monographs  by,  196, 
197,  198. 

Barrows,  Anna,  paper  by,  145. 

Baruch,  Bernard  M.,  American  Industry 
in  the  War,  341. 

Base  hospitals,  histories,  89. 

Bass,  Robert  P.,  report  by,  286. 

Bassett,  C.  E.,  articles  by,  166,  167. 

Bates,  E.  N.,  circular  by,  175. 

Bauer,  Wm.  E.,  Baltimore  and  the  Draft, 
458. 

Bean  and  Pea  Weevils,  by  E.  A.  Back 
and  A.  B.  Duckett,  179. 

Bean  industry,  survey  of,  274. 

Beans,  statistics,  404. 

Beattie,  James  H.,  bulletins  by,  154,  155. 

Becker,  Carl  L.,  America’s  War  Aims 
and  Peace  Program,  434. 

Beecroft,  David,  monograph  by,  201. 

Beef,  cables  re,  63;  campaign  to  increase 
production,  160. 

Beet-Sugar  Industry  in  the  United  States, 
by  C.  O.  To%vnsend,  156. 

BeU,  John  O.,  bulletins  by,  166. 

Bell,  W.  B.,  article  by,  180. 

Benson,  H.  K.,  monograph  by,  195. 

Benson,  O.  H.,  bulletin  by,  141;  circular 
by,  141. 

Bentley,  George  A.,  paper  by,  69. 

Benzol,  report  re,  352. 

Berdahl,  Clarence  A.,  War  Powers  of 
the  Executive  in  the  United  States,  xl. 

Bernhardt,  J.,  survey  and  exposition  re 
sugar,  402. 

Betts,  Harold  S.,  bulletin  by,  149. 

Biggar,  H.  Howard,  bulletin  by,  155. 

BUlings,  George  A.,  bulletin  by,  177. 

Binder  twine,  fibers  for,  152,  156;  sup¬ 
ply,  398. 

Bing,  Alexander  M.,  War-Time  Strikes 
and  Their  Adjustment,  244. 


Biological  Survey,  Bureau  of,  war  ac¬ 
tivities,  179;  publications,  180. 

Birch  veneer,  cost  report,  351. 

Bitting,  A.  W.,  monograph  by,  201. 

Blackmar,  Frank  W.,  History  of  Kansas 
State  Council  of  Defense,  464. 

Black  walnut,  search  for,  147,  151 ;  use  of, 
149,  161. 

Blackwell,  C.  P.,  circular  by,  475. 

Blair,  Francis  G.,  article  by,  450. 

Bleaching  powders,  price  reports,  349. 

Bleininger,  A.  V.,  paper  by,  209. 

Blockade,  protests  against,  30  et  seq. 

Boerner,  E.  G.,  bulletin  by,  166. 

Boothe,  Viva  B.,  bulletin  by,  344. 

Boots  and  shoes,  markets  for,  196,  197, 
198,  199;  trade  in,  202;  census  of,  214; 
price  regulation,  346. 

Boston,  Mass.,  zone  supply  office,  67;  re¬ 
port,  Industrial  Service  Section,  Army 
Ordnance,  65;  district  ordnance  office 
at,  67,  72;  zone  finance  officer,  93; 
office.  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic 
Commerce,  101;  dry  dock,  105;  market 
reports,  168,  169;  reports  of  Federal 
Reserve  district,  277 ;  plans  for  estab¬ 
lishing  milk  stations  in,  408 ;  head¬ 
quarters,  Capital  Issues  district  com¬ 
mittee,  425. 

Bosworth,  C.  E.,  monographs  by,  197, 
198. 

Bowmen,  John  T.,  bulletins  by,  161. 

Bowker,  R.  C.,  paper  by,  210. 

Bowles,  Oliver,  bulletin  by,  122. 

Bowman,  Mrs.  R.  S.,  VH. 

Boykin,  article  by,  183. 

Boy  Power,  a  bulletin,  236. 

Boys’  agricultural  clubs,  work  of,  144. 

Boys  and  girls’  clubs,  work  of,  141,  144, 
184. 

Boy  Scouts,  manuals,  43 ;  search  for  black 
walnut,  147 ;  records,  Kentucky,  466 ; 
reports:  Tennessee,  476;  Richmond, 
Va.,  479. 

Boys’  Working  Reserve,  U.S.,  functions, 
235 ;  publications,  235-236 ;  records, 
Illinois,  448;  article  re,  Michigan,  460. 

Bracken,  Aaron  F.,  bulletin  by,  154. 

Braisted,  W.  C.,  report  by.  111. 

Branches  and  Customs,  Bureau  of,  func¬ 
tions,  382;  records,  393. 

Brass  Section,  minutes  of  meetings,  356; 
reports,  356. 

Bread,  control,  400;  records  re,  410. 

Breithut,  F.  E.,  bulletin  by,  342. 


INDEX 


489 


Brewers  Association,  U.S.,  charges 
against,  11. 

Brick,  price  report,  349,  352;  cost  re¬ 
port,  351;  status  of  industry  report, 
352. 

Bridesburg,  Pa.,  Frankford  Arsenal, 
housing,  65. 

Bridgeport,  Conn.,  housing,  65;  report. 
Industrial  Service  Section,  Army  Ord¬ 
nance,  65;  district  ordnance  oflSce, 
67;  ordnance  produced  at,  72;  labor 
case,  242,  243;  home  work,  255. 

Brigham,  Herbert  O.,  History  of  the 
Food  Administration  in  Rhode  Island, 
475. 

Bris,  case  against,  23. 

Brock,  Herman  G.,  monographs  by,  196, 
197,  198,  199. 

Bromine,  report  re,  352. 

Brooks,  C.  F.,  article  by,  177. 

Brown,  Raymond  Shiland,  Base  Hospital 
No.  9,  A.E.F.,  89. 

Brown,  Everett  S.,  report  by,  VI,  402. 

Brown,  Frederick  W.,  article  by,  181. 

Brown,  F.  W.,  article  by,  182. 

Brown,  Nelson  Courtlandt,  monograph 
by,  199. 

Brown,  Ralph  H.,  article  by,  167. 

Bruning,  Harry  F.,  bulletin  by,  343. 

Bruno,  Frank  J.,  article  by,  471. 

Brunswick,  Ga.,  American  Shipbuilding 
Co.  at,  148. 

Brush,  Matthew  C.,  testimony  of,  8. 

Brush,  Warren  D.,  bulletin  by,  149. 

Bryan,  William  J.,  letter  to,  32. 

Bryant,  R.  C.,  bulletins  by,  149,  344. 

Bucher,  A.  J.,  American  Loyalty,  434. 

Buckwheat,  bulletin  re,  155 ;  prices,  343. 

Buenos  Aires,  war  services  of  commercial 
attach^  in,  192. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  attitude  of  a  business 
men’s  association  toward  prices  and 
speculation,  20. 

Buffington,  Joseph,  loyalty  leaflet  by,  435. 

Building  materials,  prices,  305,  342;  price 
fixing,  345,  346;  production  for  civilian 
consumption,  350. 

Building  Materials  Division,  records,  357. 

Building  tile,  cost  report,  351. 

Bulson,  Florence  I.,  article  by,  460. 

Bunch,  Mamie,  circular  by,  450. 

Burlap,  price  report,  350. 

Burleson,  Albert,  case  against,  27. 

Burlison,  W.  I/.,  circular  by,  450. 

Burmeister,  Charles  A.,  bulletin  by,  166. 


Burt,  George  J.,  bulletin  by,  155. 

Busick,  Adrien  F.,  editor,  263. 

Butler,  F.  C.,  bulletins  by,  128. 

Butter,  prices,  166;  records  re,  410. 

Butter  and  cheese,  marketing  of,  165; 
market  reports,  168,  169. 

Butter  manufacturers  and  distributors, 
licensing,  406. 

Button  industry,  survey  of,  275. 

Buttons,  prices,  343. 

Byars,  Luther  P.,  bulletin  by,  155. 

Cabell,  Henry  C.,  report  by,  61. 

Cablegrams,  85. 

Cable  systems,  federal  control,  102. 

Cafferty  et  al.,  case  against,  25. 

Cahn,  Frank  B.,  Maryland  Division  of  the 
U.S.  Boys’  Working  Reserve,  458. 

Calder,  Senator,  resolution  introduced  by, 
353. 

Caldwell,  Joseph  S.,  bulletin  by,  155. 

California,  chemical  warfare  service,  86; 
charge  to  jury,  U.S.  District  Court, 
northern  district,  110;  oil,  117;  recla¬ 
mation  fund  from,  123;  rice  culture, 
153;  cotton  production,  156;  labor  dis¬ 
content,  239;  power  reports,  349;  rec¬ 
ords,  441-442;  publications,  442-443. 

California  in  the  War,  443. 

Call,  Arthur  D.,  The  War  for  Peace, 
434. 

Cammack,  F.  R.,  bulletin  by,  161. 

Camp  Alexander,  history  of,  60. 

Camp  Eustis,  meeting  at,  67. 

Camp  Grant,  meeting  at,  67. 

Camp  Holabird,  meeting  at,  67 ;  records, 
467. 

Camp  Humphreys,  engineer  depot,  82. 

Camp  Joseph  E.  Johnston,  history  of,  69. 

Camp  Kearney,  history  of  auxiliary  re¬ 
mount  depot  at,  59. 

Camp  Lewis,  supply  depot,  69. 

Camp  McArthur,  history  of  auxiliary  re¬ 
mount  depot  at,  59. 

Camp  Meade,  history  of  auxiliary  re¬ 
mount  depot  at,  59;  records,  457. 

Camp  Meigs,  history  of,  59. 

Camphor,  report  re,  352. 

Canada,  control  of  exports  of  coal  and 
sugar  to,  12;  leather  from,  30. 

Canned  and  dried  foods,  data  re,  408. 

Canned  goods,  statistics,  404. 

Canned  goods  industry,  licensing,  405. 

Canning-Drying  Series,  purpose  of,  184. 


490 


INDEX 


Cantonments,  construction  of,  73;  plans 
of,  74;  selection  of  sites,  114. 

Cape  Cod  Canal,  guarding  of,  223. 

Capital  Issues  Committee,  an  emergency 
establishment,  xxxvi;  report  re,  41; 
cooperation  of  Bureau  of  Mines  with, 
118;  represented  in  the  U.S.  High¬ 
ways  Council,  182;  work  of,  278;  rep¬ 
resented  in  the  Requirements  Division, 
War  Industries  Board,  336;  functions, 
425;  reports,  425;  records,  425,  449; 
expenditures,  426 ;  rules  and  regula- 
tion.s,  426. 

Capper,  Arthur,  correspondence,  453. 

Carbon  dioxide,  report  re,  352. 

Carbon  tetrachloride,  price  report,  349. 

Carleton,  P.  W.,  bulletins  by,  344. 

Carrier,  Lyman,  bulletins  by,  153,  155. 

Cars  and  locomotives,  report  on,  350. 

Car  shortage,  investigation,  258;  relief 
measures,  260. 

Car  supply,  investigation  and  decision, 
261. 

Cartridge  cloth,  cost  report,  351. 

Casein,  manufacture  of  glue  from,  160; 
bulletin  re  manufacture  of,  161 ;  price 
report,  350. 

Cassebeer,  F.  W.,  bulletins  by,  344. 

Cast-iron  pipe,  cost  report,  351. 

Castor  beans,  efforts  to  increase  produc¬ 
tion  of,  152;  circular  re,  157;  in  Latin 
America,  190. 

Cates,  H.  R.,  bulletin  by,  154. 

Cattell,  W.  C.,  paper  by,  65. 

Cattle,  increasing  production  of,  149; 
statistics,  172. 

Cattle  raisers,  loans  to,  278,  367,  424. 

Caustic  soda,  price  report,  349;  status  of 
industry  report,  352. 

Cement,  manufacture  of,  122;  cost  re¬ 
ports,  266,  351;  price  fixing,  340; 
prices,  344;  status  of  industry  report, 
352. 

Censorship,  429,  430. 

Census,  Bureau  of,  war  work,  213-214; 
publications,  215-217;  cooperation  with 
Shipping  Board,  306. 

Census  of  mining  engineers,  metallurgists, 
and  chemists,  122. 

Cereals,  monthly  surveys,  64;  power  of 
Food  Administration  Grain  Corpora¬ 
tion  re,  95 ;  diseases,  156. 

Chains,  reports  re,  351,  352. 

Chain  Section,  minutes  of  meetings,  357 ; 
reports,  357. 


Chamberlain-Kahn  act,  provisions  of,  39. 

Chamber  of  Commerce,  U.S.  cooperation 
with  War  Industries  Board,  340. 

Chambers  of  commerce,  reports,  440,  448. 

Chambliss,  Charles  E.,  bulletin  by,  153. 

Charcoal,  cost  report,  351. 

Charleston,  S.  C.,  hospital,  109 ;  industrial 
survey,  353. 

Charleston,  W.  Va.,  armor-plate  and  pro¬ 
jectile  making  plants,  105,  107. 

Chase,  Stephen,  Production  of  Meat  in 
the  United  States,  401. 

Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  cooperative  office  of 
Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic 
Commerce,  191. 

Chautauqua  entertainments,  opinion  re 
tax  on  tickets  for,  98. 

Cheese,  records  re,  162,  410;  market  re¬ 
ports,  168,  169. 

Cheese  manufacturers  and  distributors, 
licensing,  406. 

Chemical  AUiance,  Dyestuffs  Section,  ac¬ 
tivities,  63;  Committee  on  Acids,  war 
service,  63;  Committee  on  Fertilizers, 
report,  64. 

Chemical  glass,  status  of  industry  re¬ 
port,  352. 

Chemical  glass  and  stoneware,  condition 
of  industry  report,  351. 

Chemical  Glass  and  Stoneware  Section, 
minutes  of  meetings,  358;  reports,  358. 

Chemical  industries,  German  property  in, 
427. 

Chemicals,  demand  for  importation  of, 
32;  prices,  342,  344;  price  fixing,  345; 
report  on,  350. 

Chemicals  and  Allied  Products  in  the 
United  States,  by  E.  R.  Pickrell,  203. 

Chemicals  and  explosives,  prices,  305. 

Chemicals  Division,  minutes  of  meetings, 
357 ;  reports,  357. 

Chemical  Statistics,  Joint  Office  on,  rec¬ 
ords,  365. 

Chemical  stoneware,  status  of  industry 
report,  352. 

Chemical  Warfare  Service,  report  re,  50; 
creation,  organization,  and  functions, 
85;  publications,  85-86;  records,  86-87; 
transfer  of  gas  investigations  to,  119. 

Chemistry,  Bureau  of,  war  activities,  134, 
174;  publications,  174^175. 

Chemistry  in  war,  paper  re.  111. 

Chenery,  William  L.,  TFar  Labor  Ad¬ 
ministration,  246. 


INDEX 


491 


Chenoweth,  W.  W.,  Home  Canning,  459; 
The  Home  Manufacture  of  Fruit  Prod¬ 
ucts,  459. 

Chestnut  extract,  reports  re,  349,  351. 

Chicago,  Ill.,  Board  of  Trade  et  al.  vs. 
the  United  States,  22;  supply  depot, 
57;  Industrial  Service  Section,  Army 
Ordnance,  report,  65;  district  ordnance 
office  at,  67,  72;  zone  finance  officer, 
93;  market  reports  on  dairy  products, 
169;  office  of  Bureau  of  Foreign  and 
Domestic  Commerce  in,  190;  strike  of 
meat-packing  establishments  threat¬ 
ened,  239;  reports  of  Federal  Reserve 
district,  277 ;  headquarters  Capital  Is¬ 
sues  district  committee,  425. 

Chief  of  Engineers,  Historical  Data 
Section,  purpose  of,  65. 

Chief  of  Staff,  reports,  53,  55. 

Chief  Signal  Officer,  report,  82;  advised 
by  Aircraft  Board,  82. 

Chilcott,  E.  C.,  bulletin  by,  154. 

Child  labor,  guarding  against,  234-235; 
problem  of,  245;  action  of  War  Labor 
Policies  Board  re,  246. 

Child-labor  laws,  combating  efforts  to 
suspend,  126. 

Children’s  Bureau,  war  work,  233-234; 
publications,  234;  records,  235. 

Children’s  Year  Leaflets,  234. 

Child  welfare,  measures  for  the  promo¬ 
tion  of,  320;  in  California,  443. 

Chittenden,  F.  H.,  bulletins  by,  154. 

Chlorine  compounds,  report  re,  352. 

Chloroform,  report  re,  352. 

Chrome,  claims  on  account  of  losses  in 
producing,  97. 

Chrome  ore,  statements  re,  118. 

Chromite,  search  for,  113;  investigations 
re,  120;  effect  of  the  war  on,  275;  re¬ 
port  re,  352. 

Chromium,  field  studies  on  deposits  of, 
114. 

Church,  L.  M.,  bulletin  by,  177. 

Churches,  records:  Arkansas,  441;  Indi¬ 
ana,  451;  Kentucky,  455;  Maryland, 
457;  Michigan,  460;  Pennsylvania, 
474;  A^irginia,  479,  480. 

Cincinnati,  Ohio,  district  ordnance  office 
at,  67,  72;  cooperative  office  of  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Com¬ 
merce  in,  191;  industrial  survey,  353. 

Clark,  C.  F.,  bulletin  by,  155. 

Clark,  Charles  H.,  bulletin  by,  153. 

Clark,  Ernest  D.,  bulletin  by,  175. 


Clark,  J.  Allen,  bulletins  by,  153. 

Clark,  J.  Reuben,  Emergency  Legislation, 
100. 

Clark,  Lew  B.,  monograph  by,  202. 

Clark,  W.  A.  Graham,  monograph  by, 
195. 

Clarke,  Ida  Clyde,  American  Women  and 
the  World  War,  325. 

Clarkson,  Grosvenor  B.,  statement  by, 
324;  Industrial  America  in  the  World 
War,  324,  341-342;  Secretary,  Council 
of  National  Defense,  341. 

Clay,  imports,  350. 

Clay  products,  prices,  343,  344. 

Clays,  search  for,  113;  report  re,  352. 

Clearance  Committee,  records,  358. 

Clephane,  I..  P.,  papers  by.  111. 

Cleveland,  Ohio,  district  ordnance  office 
at,  67,  72;  chemical  warfare  service, 
85;  cooperative  office  of  Bureau  of 
Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce  in, 
191;  investigation  of  housing  condi¬ 
tions  of  war  workers,  249;  reports  of 
Federal  Reserve  district,  277;  head¬ 
quarters  Capital  Issues  district  com¬ 
mittee,  425;  Proceedings  of  the  Mayor’s 
Advisory  War  Board,  472. 

Climatological  Data  for  the  United  States 
by  Sections,  178. 

Close,  C.  P.,  bulletin  by,  154. 

Clothing,  problems,  xxxv;  statistics,  53; 
prices,  342. 

Clothing  contracts,  report  on,  350. 

Clothing  industry,  conservation,  63. 

Coal,  production,  sale,  and  distribution, 
10,  412,  415;  investigation  of  causes  of 
shortage,  11;  investigations  of  mining, 
12;  conservation,  122,  144,  147,  184, 
412,  415;  in  Latin  America,  190;  cok¬ 
ing  of,  209;  consumption  of,  214;  cost 
reports,  266,  270,  414;  prices,  305,  343, 
414,  415;  stimulating  output,  412;  ex¬ 
ports  and  imports,  414;  situation  re,  in 
the  States,  415. 

Coal  and  coke,  weekly  statement  re  pro¬ 
duction,  117;  monthly  statement  re 
railroad  movement,  117;  distribution, 
414. 

Coal  Gas  Products  Section,  records,  358. 

Coal  industry,  hearing  on  bill  providing 
for  gathering  information  re,  12;  or¬ 
ganization  of,  317;  regulation,  411. 

Coal  Production,  Committee  on,  319,  331. 

Coal  strike,  article  re,  232. 


492 


INDEX 


Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  U.S.,  105- 
106,  226. 

Coast  Guard,  activities,  105-106,  111. 

Coast  patrol,  105-106. 

Coates,  Jane,  bulletin  by,  343. 

Cobalt,  imports,  350;  report  re,  352. 

Coblentz,  W.  W.,  papers  by,  208,  209. 

Cocoa,  prices,  343. 

Cocoanut,  price  report,  350. 

Coffee,  prices,  343;  reports,  404;  records, 
410. 

Cohen  Grocery  Company,  case  against, 
27. 

Coke,  prices,  343;  cost  report,  351. 

Coke  ovens,  reports  re,  212. 

Coker,  R.  E.,  economic  circular  by,  219. 

Cold  storage,  reports,  170. 

Cold  Storage  Reports,  by  John  O.  Bell, 
166. 

Cold-storage  warehousemen,  licensing, 
406. 

Cole,  Charles  S.,  article  by,  167. 

Cole,  John  S.,  bulletin  by,  154. 

Collective  bargaining,  article  re,  231. 

Collective  bargaining  committees,  organi¬ 
zation  for,  243-244. 

Colleges  and  universities,  Virginia,  re¬ 
ports,  479. 

College  war  activities,  Tennessee,  report, 
476. 

Codings,  Harry  T.,  monograph  by,  203; 
economic  study  by,  390. 

Collins,  J.  H.,  bulletin  by,  166. 

Colorado,  reclamation  fund  from,  123; 
records  and  pubhcations,  443-444 ; 
newspaper  cKppings,  444. 

Colvin,  Fred  H.,  paper  by,  66. 

Commerce,  correspondence  re  restraints 
on,  29;  insurance  of  vessels  engaged  in, 
37 ;  statistical  reports,  194 ;  mono¬ 
graphs,  195-203;  reports,  Michigan, 
460;  documents.  New  York,  467. 

Commerce,  boards  of,  records,  441. 

Commerce,  Department  of,  annual  re¬ 
ports,  xxxviii ;  library,  xli ;  statistics 
collected  for,  35;  plan  of  Industrial 
Board  for  stabilizing  prices,  96;  co¬ 
operation  of  Bureau  of  Chemistry  with, 
174;  organization,  186;  represented  in 
the  Requirements  Division,  War  In¬ 
dustries  Board,  335;  cooperation  with 
Committee  on  Public  Information,  431 ; 
public  exhibit,  432. 

Commerce,  Secretary  of,  war  activities, 
186 ;  annual  reports,  186-187 ;  calls  a 


conference  of  steamship  interests,  233; 
member  of  Board  for  Vocational  Edu¬ 
cation,  310;  member  of  Council  of  Na¬ 
tional  Defense,  318;  addresses  by,  326; 
administration  of  export  control  vested 
in,  377,  378;  represented  on  the  War 
Trade  Board,  379. 

Commerce  and  transportation,  reports : 
Pennsylvania,  473;  Virginia,  479. 

Commerce,  transportation,  and  com¬ 
munication,  442. 

Commercial  attaches,  war  services,  191- 
192,  193,  194. 

Commercial  Cable  Company,  case  of,  24. 

Commercial  economy,  Texas,  477. 

Commercial  Economy  Board,  Secretary 
of  Commerce  cooperates  with,  186 ;  ori¬ 
gin,  319;  transfer  of  work  from,  337. 

Commercial  and  industrial  conditions  in 
war  time,  by  Chauncey  Depew  Snow 
and  J.  J.  Krai,  202. 

Commercial  geology,  atlas,  115. 

Commercial  organizations,  Connecticut, 
reports,  445. 

Commercial  Organizations  of  the  United 
States,  201. 

Commercial  Pacific  Cable  Company,  case 
of,  24. 

Commercial  Policy  in  War  Time  and  Af¬ 
ter,  by  William  Smith  Culbertson,  276. 

Commodities,  unit  displacement  of,  210; 
records,  300-301,  356-376;  data  re,  394. 

Commodities  sections.  Bureau  of  Sup¬ 
plies  and  Accounts,  Navy  Depart¬ 
ment,  107-108. 

Commodities  sections.  War  Industries 
Board,  work  of,  336,  337,  340,  341. 

Commodity  reports,  349-350. 

Commodity  survey,  350. 

Communication,  hearings  on  bill  for  re¬ 
turn  of  wire  systems  to  their  owners, 
16;  hearings  on  resolution  re  govern¬ 
ment  control  of  telegraph  and  tele¬ 
phone  systems,  17. 

Communistic  manifestoes,  100. 

Communistic  Party  of  America,  report  of 
international  secretary,  100. 

Community  Americanization,  by  F.  C. 
Butler,  128. 

Community  councils,  development  of,  327 ; 
records  re,  329. 

Comptroller  of  the  Currency,  annual  re¬ 
ports,  42-43. 

Conciliation,  Division  of,  war  work,  235; 
investigations  for,  252. 


INDEX 


Conference  Committee  of  Labor  Adjust¬ 
ment  agencies,  246. 

Conference  of  Army  and  Navy  Histori¬ 
cal  Workers,  65. 

Conference  of  governors  and  mayors,  call, 
251 ;  report  of  proceedings,  251. 

Conference  of  state  labor  officials,  246. 

Congress,  U.S.,  records  of  proceedings, 
1-19;  files,  19-21. 

Connecticut,  farm  labor,  20;  planting  of 
tobacco  lands  to  food  crops  recom¬ 
mended,  21;  records,  444-445;  publi¬ 
cations,  445-446. 

ConoUy,  H.  M.,  bulletin  by,  155. 

Conscientious  Objector,  by  Walter  Guest 
Kellogg,  91. 

Conservation,  clothing,  63;  commodities, 
xxxvii;  financial  resources,  425;  fats 
and  oils,  174,  175;  food,  127,  135,  154, 
155,  160,  161,  187-188,  408,  441,  442, 
463,  471,  472,  477,  479,  484;  fruits  and 
vegetables,  154,  155,  164,  165,  183,  184; 
fuel,  319,  414,  441,  471;  labor,  425; 
milk,  160;  paper,  203;  productive  power 
and  credit,  279;  resources,  380,  384, 
481;  sugar,  140,  174,  184,  398,  470;  sup¬ 
plies,  379;  tonnage,  190,  379,  385,  386; 
wheat,  140,  142,  143,  174,  184,  398,  470. 

Conservation  campaigns,  144,  409. 

Conservation  Commission,  New  York,  re¬ 
port,  468. 

Construction  and  Repair,  Bureau  of. 
Navy  Department,  war  activities.  111. 

Construction  Division,  report  re,  50 ;  crea¬ 
tion  of,  53;  organization  and  functions, 
73;  annual  reports  of  Chief,  74;  pub¬ 
lications,  74-75;  records,  75-76. 

Construction  Division,  Industrial  Service 
Section,  history  of,  65. 

Construction  Division,  Patriotic  Promo¬ 
tion  Section,  purpose,  67. 

Construction  industry,  data  re,  251. 

Consular  reports,  204. 

Consumption  Estimates,  200,  201,  202, 
203. 

Contraband,  correspondence  re,  29,  30  et 
seq. 

Contraband  Committee,  War  Trade 
Board,  activities,  381;  minutes  of  deci¬ 
sions,  392. 

Contract  Adjustment  Board,  93. 

Conway,  John  S.,  The  United  States 
Lighthouse  Service,  221. 

Cook,  O.  F.,  bulletin  by,  166. 

Cooper,  Morton  O.,  bidletin  by,  176. 


493 

Cooperative  Committee  on  Cars,  origin, 
319. 

Copenhagen,  war  services  of  commercial 
attache,  192. 

Coplin,  W.  M.  L.,  American  Red  Cross 
Base  Hospital  No.  38,  89. 

Copper,  cost  reports,  266,  271,  351;  price 
fixing,  340;  imports,  350. 

Copper  and  bi-ass  products,  report,  352. 

Copper  production,  statements,  117. 

Cordage  fibers,  price  fixing,  346. 

Cork,  J.  M.,  paper  by,  209. 

Corn,  large  acreage  needed,  137;  sale  of 
war  emergency  seed,  137 ;  overcoming 
shortage  of  seed,  140;  bulletins  re,  153, 
164,  155;  seed  emergency,  158;  prices, 
173;  yields  and  prices  by  States,  173; 
statistics,  403;  records,  410. 

Corn  and  corn  jiroducts,  prices,  343. 

Corn-Belt  Conditions,  by  Yerkes  and 
Church,  177. 

Corn  Root-Aphis  and  Methods  of  Con¬ 
trolling  It,  by  John  J.  Davis,  179. 

Cornell,  H.  W.,  report  by,  444. 

Corps  of  Engineers,  operations,  82;  rec¬ 
ords,  82;  gas  defense,  85;  public  ex¬ 
hibit,  432. 

Corwin,  Edward  S.,  War  Cyclopedia,  435. 

Cost  of  living,  of  federal  employees,  9; 
high,  15;  hearing  re,  19;  studies  re,  230; 
in  relation  to  public  health,  231;  ad¬ 
justing  wages  to,  231;  summary  of  in¬ 
creases  in,  232;  in  Missouri,  463;  Rhode 
Island,  report,  475. 

Cost  reports,  264-272,  351,  355. 

Costs  of  production,  investigations  of, 
xxxviii. 

Cottage  cheese,  campaign,  146,  160;  part 
of  milk  conservation  program,  160; 
bulletin  re,  161;  article  re,  184. 

Cotton,  information  re  consumption,  29; 
protest  against  British  regulation  of 
traffic  in,  31 ;  maintaining  the  supply, 
137;  crisis,  138;  acreage  reduced,  140; 
efforts  to  increase  production  of  the 
long  staple,  152;  production  in  Cali¬ 
fornia,  156;  marketing,  165;  warehous¬ 
ing,  167;  reduction  of  loss  from  fire, 
174,  175;  statistics,  213;  production  and 
distribution,  214;  cost  reports,  266, 
267;  price  reports,  349,  350;  prices, 
343. 

Cotton  and  Cotton  Llnters  Section,  min¬ 
utes  of  meetings,  358;  reports,  358. 


494 


INDEX 


Cotton  and  cotton  products,  statistics, 
404. 

Cotton  exports,  financing,  424. 

Cotton  fabrics,  price  fixing,  340. 

Cotton  goods,  in  oriental  countries,  196, 
196,  197;  condition  of  industry  report, 
351;  cost  report,  351;  status  of  indus¬ 
try  report,  352. 

Cotton  Goods  Section,  minutes  of  meet¬ 
ings,  358-359;  reports,  359. 

Cotton  linters,  price  fixing,  340. 

Cotton  plant,  protection  from  insects,  179. 

Cotton  products,  prices,  343. 

Cottonseed,  records,  410. 

Cottonseed  and  its  products,  data  re, 
408. 

Cottonseed  oil  industry,  survey  of,  275. 

Cotton  Venetians,  report,  274. 

Cotton  yarns,  report,  272,  274. 

Council  of  National  Defense,  an  emer¬ 
gency  establishment,  xxxv;  records, 
xxxvii,  xxxix,  68-69,  327-331,  347,  436; 
relation  of  State  Department  -with,  28; 
business  question  re,  56;  its  part  in 
economic  mobilization,  62;  war  service 
of  Committee  on  Chemicals,  63;  relation 
to  the  Na\’y  Department,  111;  co¬ 
operation  of  Bureau  of  Mines  with, 
118,  120;  cooperation  of  Bureau  of 
Education  with,  126 ;  interest  in  Ameri¬ 
canization,  128;  reports  of  conferences 
held  under  auspices  of  conunittees  of, 
130;  reports  of  work  of  committees, 
130;  membership,  135-136;  cooperation 
w'ith  the  Department  of  Agriculture, 
138;  statistical  information  furnished 
to,  172,  189;  cooperation  of  Bureau  of 
Census  with,  213;  in  conference  re  in¬ 
dustrial  relations,  227 ;  recommenda¬ 
tions  affecting  labor,  230;  functions, 
317-318;  organization,  318-324;  publica¬ 
tions,  324-327;  informs  the  public,  4-30; 
advertising  for,  432. 

Council  of  Women  in  Industry,  mem¬ 
bership,  254;  discussion  by,  254;  min¬ 
utes  of  meetings,  256. 

Councils  of  defense.  State,  division  of 
food  production  and  conservation,  135; 
origin  and  functions,  319;  organization 
and  activities,  324,  327 ;  records :  gen¬ 
eral,  328-329;  Alabama,  439;  Arkansas, 
441 ;  California,  442 ;  Connecticut,  445 ; 
Florida,  446 ;  Georgia,  447 ;  Idaho,  447 ; 
Illinois,  448;  Indiana,  451;  Kansas,  453; 
Kentucky,  465 ;  Maryland,  457 ;  Minne¬ 


sota,  462;  Missouri,  463;  Nebraska, 
464;  New  Jersey,  465;  North  Carolina, 
469;  Rhode  Island,  475;  Texas,  477; 
Virginia,  478;  Wisconsin,  482;  publi¬ 
cations:  Alabama,  440;  Arizona,  440- 
441 ;  Arkansas,  441 ;  California,  442- 
443;  Colorado,  444;  Connecticut,  445; 
Illinois,  449;  Indiana,  451;  Kansas, 
454;  Kentucky,  456;  Louisiana,  456; 
Maryland,  457;  Missouri,  463;  Mon¬ 
tana,  464;  New  Mexico,  466;  North 
Carolina,  470;  North  Dakota,  471; 
Ohio,  472;  Oklahoma,  472;  Oregon, 
473;  Pennsylvania,  474;  South  Caro¬ 
lina,  475;  Utah,  477;  Washington,  481; 
West  Virginia,  481;  Wisconsin,  482- 
483. 

County  agricultural  agents,  functions, 
139-140;  reports,  145. 

County  food  administrators,  409,  410. 

Cranes,  report  re,  352. 

Crane  Section,  minutes  of  meetings,  359; 
reports,  359. 

Crandall,  W.  G.,  bulletin  by,  475. 

Creel,  George,  How  We  Advertised 
America,  433. 

Creosote,  report  re,  352. 

Creosote  Section,  minutes  of  meetings, 
359;  reports,  359. 

Creswell,  Mary  E.,  bulletin  by,  141. 

Crop  Estimates,  Bureau  of,  war  work, 
134,  171-172;  cooperation  with  Bureau 
of  Markets,  163-164;  publications,  172- 
173. 

Crop-moving  loans,  424. 

Crop  production,  efforts  to  increase,  126. 

Crop  report,  monthly,  172. 

Crops,  statistics,  172,  404;  efforts  to  in¬ 
crease,  176 ;  labor  for  harvesting,  176. 

Crosby,  M.  A.,  bulletin  by,  177. 

Cross,  Arthur  Lyon,  article  by,  460. 

Crowder,  E.  H.,  The  Spirit  of  Selective 
Service,  91. 

Crowell,  Benedict,  report  on  mxmitions, 
50;  The  Road  to  France,  77;  report  on 
sales  of  surplus  supplies,  93. 

Crozier,  William,  Ordnance  of  the  World 
War,  71. 

Crushed  stone,  price  fixing,  340. 

Culbertson,  WiUiam  Smith,  Commercial 
Policy  in  War  Time  and  After,  276. 

Curran,  John  M.,  bulletins  by,  342,  343. 

Currell,  W.  S.,  bulletin  by,  475. 

Currency,  depreciation,  8. 

Currey,  J.  S.,  circular  by,  450. 


INDEX 


495 


Curtis  Bay  General  Ordnance  Depot,  rec¬ 
ords,  457. 

Cushman,  Robert  Eugene,  bulletin  by, 
450. 

Customs,  Division  of.  Treasury  Depart¬ 
ment,  34,  380,  382. 

Cyanide,  report  re,  352. 

Dahlberg,  Arnold  O.,  bulletins  by,  161. 

Dairy  and  poultry  products,  market  news 
service  for,  164. 

Dairy  cattle,  redistribution  of,  160. 

Dairy  products,  monthly  surveys,  64; 
maintenance  of,  137 ;  market  reports, 
168-169;  prices,  343;  statistics,  404; 
situations  re,  409. 

Dakota  Central  Telephone  Company  et 
al.,  case  of,  23-24. 

Dallas,  Tex.,  reports  of  Federal  Reserve 
district,  277 ;  headquarters  Capital  Is¬ 
sues  district  committee,  425. 

Dane  County,  Wis.,  war  work,  482. 

Danforth,  Mary  L.,  bulletin  by,  343. 

Daniels,  A.  M.,  article  by,  183. 

Daniels,  Josephus,  Our  Navy  at  War,  110. 

Davenport,  Charles  B.,  report  by,  13;  De¬ 
fects  Found  in  Drafted  Men,  87-88; 
Statistics,  Medical  Department,  U.S. 
Army,  88. 

Davidson  County,  Tenn.,  women  in  the 
war,  476. 

Davis,  Arthur  Kyle,  Virginia  War  His¬ 
tory  in  Newspaper  Clippings,  480. 

Davis,  Herbert  P.,  article  by,  162. 

Davis,  I.  G.,  bulletin  by,  446. 

Davis,  John  J.,  bulletins  by,  179. 

Davis,  R.  O.  E.,  article  by,  181 ;  circular 
by,  182. 

Davis,  Westmoreland,  proclamations  and 
appeals  by,  480. 

Davison,  Henry  P.,  The  American  Red 
Cross  in  the  Great  War,  316. 

Davisson,  Emma  Reed,  paper  by,  144. 

Dawes,  Charles  G.,  A  Journal  of  the 
Great  War,  62. 

Daylight  saving,  hearing  on  bill  to  pro¬ 
vide  for,  10. 

Dayton,  Ohio,  tanks  produced  at,  72;  co¬ 
operative  office  of  Bureau  of  Foreign 
and  Dome.stic  Commerce  at,  191. 

Dearborn,  Ned,  article  by,  180. 

Dearing,  Charles,  bulletins  by,  153,  155. 

Debs,  Eugene,  charge  against,  23. 

Dedrick,  D.  W.,  bulletin  by,  175. 


Deering,  case  against,  26. 

Delaware,  records,  446. 

Dennett,  Tyler,  vii. 

Densmore,  John  B.,  statement  by,  238. 

Dental  Corps,  87. 

Dentists,  Tennessee,  report,  476. 

Detroit  Creamery  Co.,  case  against,  27. 

Detroit,  Mich.,  Industrial  Service  Sec¬ 
tion,  Army  Ordnance,  report,  65;  dis¬ 
trict  ordnance  office  at,  67,  72. 

Deutscher  I.iederkrantz,  loyalty  of,  20. 

Dewey,  George  W.,  bulletin  by,  155. 

Dickinson,  Florence,  bulletin  by,  343. 

Dietary  survey,  records,  145. 

Directory  of  Auxiliary  IFar  Organiza¬ 
tions,  327. 

Distilled  spirits,  importation,  95. 

District  of  Columbia,  cost  of  living  in, 
230. 

Dixon,  Frank  Haigh,  Railroads  and  Gov¬ 
ernment,  422. 

Donaldson,  N.  C.,  bulletin  by,  153. 

Dorset,  M.,  bulletins  by,  161. 

Doty,  S.  W.,  bulletin  by,  165. 

Douglas  fir,  price  report,  349. 

Downs,  P.  A.,  bulletin  by,  446. 

Downs,  William  C.,  monographs  by,  200, 
202. 

Draft,  hearings  on  bill  to  provide  for, 
12;  hearing  on  biU  for  extension  of, 
13;  records,  Virginia,  480. 

Draft  boards,  functions,  90,  92;  question 
as  to  jurisdiction  of  courts  over  deci¬ 
sions  of,  100;  letter  to  agricultural  ad¬ 
visers  of,  138;  records:  Arkansas,  441; 
Illinois,  449;  Kentucky,  455;  New  Jer¬ 
sey,  466;  Pennsylvania,  474;  Texas, 
477 ;  Wisconsin,  482. 

Drafted  men,  physical  condition,  13. 

Draft  records,  a  survey  of  man  power, 
xxxvi. 

Drake,  J.  A.,  bulletin  by,  177. 

Drugs,  prices,  344. 

Drury,  Horace  B.,  report  by,  286. 

Dubbs,  G.  H.,  bulletin  by,  122. 

Duckett,  A.  B.,  bulletin  by,  179. 

Duffee,  F.  W.,  bulletin  by,  445. 

Dunbara,  Edward  K.,  Surgery,  88. 

Dunkley,  W.  A.,  paper  by,  209. 

Dunlap,  M.  E.,  report  by,  148. 

Duplex  Co.,  case,  26. 

Du  Pont  Dynamite  Plant,  history,  478. 

Dye  and  Chemical  Section,  Division  of 
Customs,  377. 

Dyes,  reports  re,  274. 


496 


INDEX 


Dyes  and  dyestuffs,  encouraging  manu¬ 
facture  of,  9;  prices,  344. 

Dyestuff,  American  sumac  as,  175. 

Dyestuffs,  protest  against  listing  as  con¬ 
traband,  32;  for  American  textiles  and 
other  industries,  194;  situation  in  the 
United  States,  195;  used  in  the  United 
States,  195. 

Earle,  D.  E.,  bulletin  by,  165. 

Eating  places,  public,  orders  applying  to, 
406. 

Economic  agencies,  handbook  of,  62. 

Economic  and  social  mobilization,  xxxv. 

Economic  conditions,  Missouri,  463;  Vir¬ 
ginia,  480. 

Economic  effects  of  the  war,  Wyoming, 
483. 

Economic  Geology,  bulletins,  116. 

Economic  history  of  the  war,  a  contribu¬ 
tion  to,  386. 

Economic  mobilization,  records,  xxxviii, 
62-69. 

Economic  problems,  California,  443. 

Economic  resources,  mobilization  of,  213. 

Economics  of  the  Construction  Industry, 
251. 

Economic  studies  of  foreign  coimtries, 
204,  390. 

Economy  in  manufacturing,  337. 

Eddystone  Rifle  Plant,  housing,  65. 

Eder,  Phanor  James,  monograph  by,  197. 

Edgewood  Arsenal,  Md.,  report,  63;  gas 
offense  service,  85;  records,  457. 

Education,  biennial  survey,  128-129;  na¬ 
tional  crisis  in,  129;  reports,  Michigan, 
460;  data  re.  North  Carolina,  470. 

Education,  Bureau  of,  war  work,  65-66; 
cooperation  with  other  government  or¬ 
ganizations,  126,  129;  organization,  126; 
publications,  127-131;  records,  131-132; 
bibliographies,  132-133. 

Education,  Commissioner  of,  reports,  127 ; 
member  of  Board  for  Vocational  Edu¬ 
cation,  310. 

Education,  National  Citizens  Conference 
on,  proceedings,  129. 

Educational  institutions,  Pennsylvania, 
reports,  474. 

Education  and  Special  Training,  Com¬ 
mittee  on,  fimctions,  60;  review  of 
work  done,  61 ;  records,  61 ;  engineer¬ 
ing  courses  proposed  by,  129. 

Edwards,  H.  T.,  article  by,  156. 

Edwards,  Martha  L.,  article  by,  472. 


Egg  conference,  report,  176. 

Egg  distributors,  licensing,  406. 

Eggs,  conservation,  138;  marketing,  165; 
Market  Bulletin,  169;  preventing 
breakage,  175;  statistics,  403;  records, 
410. 

Elder,  G.  C.,  article  by,  167. 

Eldred,  Wilfred,  study  by,  400. 

Electrical  and  Power  Equipment  Sec¬ 
tion,  minutes  of  meetings,  359;  re¬ 
ports,  351,  359-360. 

Electrical  manufacturing  industry,  war 
service  committee,  reports,  63. 

Electric  Wire  and  Cable  Section,  minutes 
of  meetings,  359 ;  reports,  352,  360. 

Electrodes,  report,  352. 

Electrodes  and  Abrasives  Section,  min¬ 
utes  of  meetings,  360;  reports,  351, 
360. 

Elliott,  Perry,  bulletin  by,  172. 

EUis,  Wayne  E.,  “The  Zone  System,” 
414. 

Elmendorf,  Armin,  report  by,  148. 

El  Paso,  Tex.,  zone  finance  officer,  93. 

Embargo,  list  of  articles  embargoed,  29. 

Embarkation  Service,  creation  of,  54,  55; 
combined  with  Inland  Traffic  Service, 
76-77. 

Emergency  Construction  Committee,  ori¬ 
gin,  319;  records,  360, 

Emergency  fleet,  building  of,  287. 

Emergency  Fleet  Corporation,  coopera¬ 
tion  of  Bureau  of  Standards  with,  206; 
industrial  relations,  226 ;  represented  on 
War  Labor  Policies  Board,  245;  func¬ 
tions,  280,  307 ;  publications,  283 ;  pro¬ 
ceedings  of  board  of,  287 ;  records,  307- 
309;  relations  with  War  Industries 
Board,  833,  335,  338. 

Emergency  Fleet  News,  286-287. 

Emergency  Legislation,  a  compilation, 

100. 

Emergency  war  training,  313. 

Emerson,  W.  B.,  paper  by,  209. 

Emmons,  H.  H.,  Aircraft  Production 
Facts,  84. 

Employees  Compensation  Commission, 
opinion  re  power  of,  96. 

Employers  Industrial  Commission  to  Eu¬ 
rope,  purpose,  250-251 ;  report,  251. 

Employment,  increasing  opportunities 
for,  9. 

Employment  Management,  Employment 
Representation,  and  Industrial  De¬ 
mocracy,  257. 


INDEX 


497 


Employment  Managers’  Conference,  pro¬ 
ceedings,  241. 

Employment  Questions,  251. 

Employment  Service,  U.S.,  development 
of,  8;  opposition  to,  21;  report  re,  229; 
war  work,  229;  pamphlets,  230;  his¬ 
torical  sketch,  233 ;  organization,  237 ; 
functions,  237-238;  publications,  237- 
238;  reconstruction  activities,  238;  in¬ 
vestigations  for,  262;  cooperation  with, 
339;  records:  Alabama,  440;  Minne¬ 
sota,  402. 

Endicott,  H.  B.,  Quincy  Community 
Produce  Exchange,  459. 

Enemy  Trade,  Bureau  of,  functions,  386; 
records,  387. 

Engineer  Corps,  report,  50. 

Engineer  Council,  war  activities,  64. 

Engineering,  Bureau  of.  Navy  Depart¬ 
ment,  functions,  105;  history,  110. 

Engineering  and  Education,  Committee 
on,  origin,  319. 

Engineering  Education  after  the  War, 
129. 

Entomology,  Bureau  of,  war  activities, 
178;  publications,  179. 

Entomology  and  the  War,  by  L.  O.  How¬ 
ard,  179. 

Experiment  Station  Record,  editorials  in, 
141-142. 

Equipment,  statistics,  53. 

Erie,  Pa.,  industrial  survey,  363. 

Ernst,  C.  J.,  address  by,  464. 

Espionage  act,  cases  arising  under,  23, 
24,  20,  27 ;  constitutionality  questioned, 
25;  assistance  in  executing,  34;  en¬ 
forcement,  94,  95;  interpretation,  99; 
and  the  War  Trade  Board,  377. 

Ethyl  Alcohol  Section,  reports,  352,  360. 

Evans,  S.  M.,  Discussion  of  conditions 
affecting  ship  production,  285. 

Everly,  Harold  E.,  monographs  by,  162, 
199. 

Ewing,  E.  E.,  monograph  by,  139. 

Ewing,  W.  W.,  monographs  by,  197,  198, 
199. 

Excess  Profits  Tax,  regulations  re,  42. 

Excess  Profits  Tax  Reviewers,  duties,  35. 

Explosives,  prices,  344. 

Explosives  act,  administration  of,  121. 

Explosives  regulations,  bulletin,  122. 

Explosives  Section,  minutes  of  meetings, 
360;  reports,  360. 

Exportations,  financing,  423,  424. 

Export  licenses,  article  re,  278. 


Export  Licenses  Division,  Bureau  of  For¬ 
eign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  war  serv¬ 
ices,  193,  377. 

Exports,  Bureau  of,  functions,  384-385; 
records,  395-396. 

Exports,  control,  16,  193,  377,  378,  379, 
380,  382,  383,  384-385,  386,  388,  408; 
statistics,  194,  404;  records,  303;  agree¬ 
ments  with  European  countries  re,  389. 

Exports  Administrative  Board,  193,  377, 
378. 

Exports  Council,  378. 

Exports  Executive  Committee,  381. 

Export  trade,  records,  263;  conditions 
developed  by  the  war,  272. 

Fairchild,  David,  circular  by,  156. 

Fairchild,  Grace  M.,  bulletin  by,  343. 

Fallows,  Samuel,  article  by,  450. 

Far  Eastern  Division,  Bureau  of  Foreign 
and  Domestic  Commerce,  war  service, 
190. 

Farm  and  Industrial  Council,  records, 
330. 

Farm  animals,  statistics  of  products  of, 
173. 

Farm  equipment  industry,  licensing,  138. 

Farmers,  measures  for  relief  of,  17;  con¬ 
tribution  to  the  winning  of  the  war, 
172;  credit  needs,  278;  records,  441. 

Farm  implement  industry,  regulation  of, 
184. 

Farm  implements,  report  on  causes  of 
high  price  of,  270. 

Farming,  Missouri,  in  war-time,  463. 

Farm  labor,  demand  and  supply,  172; 
seasonal  distribution,  177 ;  problem  of, 
138,  183,  184;  California,  442;  New 
York,  467. 

Farm  loan  act,  benefits  of,  165. 

Farm  loan  associations,  circulars  re,  45; 
question  as  to  utility  of,  44;  report  re, 
45. 

Farm  Loan  Board,  organization  and 
functions,  36;  reports,  44;  publications 
of,  44-45;  opinion  of  Attorney  General 
affecting,  96. 

Farm  loan  system,  36,  43,  44. 

Farm  Management,  Office  of,  war  ac¬ 
tivities,  176;  publications,  176-177;  rep¬ 
resented  in  Labor  Division,  War  In¬ 
dustries  Board,  338. 

Farm  Woodlands  and  the  War,  by  Henry 
S.  Graves,  149. 

Fat,  saving,  470. 


498 


INDEX 


P'ats,  conservation,  140,  398. 

Fats  and  oils,  conservation,  174;  pro¬ 
duction  and  conservation,  175. 

P'ay,  Albert  H.,  paper  by,  122. 

Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Educa¬ 
tion,  “Hard  boiled  order”  to,  15-16;  dis¬ 
cussed,  127;  menrbership,  310;  func¬ 
tions,  310-311;  organization,  311-312; 
publications,  312-313;  policies,  313;  rep¬ 
resented  in  Labor  Division,  War  In¬ 
dustries  Board,  338. 

Federal  land  banks,  constitutionality 
questioned,  27 ;  organization,  36-37 ;  as 
war  agencies,  37 ;  sale  of  bonds,  96. 

Federal  reserve  banks,  estabKshnient  of, 
1;  assist  in  the  sale  of  Liberty  bonds, 
36;  supervision  of,  277;  effect  of  war 
financing  upon,  277. 

Federal  Reserve  Board,  bulletin,  xxxviii, 
277-278;  directed  to  act  for  relief  of 
agricultural  sections,  14;  information 
furnished  to,  190;  cooperation  of  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Census  with,  214;  functions, 
277 ;  annual  reports,  277. 

Federal  reserve  districts,  reports,  277, 
473;  business  conditions  in,  278,  279. 

Federal  reserve  system,  operation  of, 
40,  41. 

Federal  Trade  Commission,  establishment, 
1;  represented  at  hearings  before  com¬ 
mittees  of  Congress,  7;  activities,  12; 
price  fixing  by,  101;  cost  investigations 
for  the  navy,  109;  statistical  informa¬ 
tion  furnished  to,  172;  functions,  262; 
records,  262;  reports,  263-272;  war 
work,  264-266;  collaboration  of  Fed¬ 
eral  Reserve  Board  with,  278;  study 
of  costs,  340;  represented  on  the  Price 
Fixing  Committee,  340;  administration 
of  price  control,  342;  cost  reports,  351; 
contact  with  War  Trade  Board,  380; 
transfer  of  records  to,  416,  425. 

Feed  and  forages,  prices,  343. 

Fehr,  R.  B.,  bulletin  by,  175. 

Felt  Section,  minutes  of  meetings,  361; 
reports,  351,  352,  361. 

Ferrin,  A.  W.,  monograph  by,  199. 

Ferro-alloys  Section,  minutes  of  meetings, 
361;  reports,  361. 

Ferro-manganese,  claims  on  account  of 
losses  in  producing,  97. 

Ferrosilicon,  report  re,  352. 

Fertilizer,  excess  war  materials  for,  152; 
commercial  stocks  of,  166;  supply  and 


demand,  172;  menhaden  as,  218;  price 
fixing,  346. 

Fertilizer  Control,  Office  of,  functions, 
180. 

Fertilizer  Control  Board,  work  of,  64. 

Fertilizer  industry,  regulation  and  expan¬ 
sion,  180-181;  report  on,  270. 

Fertilizers,  publications  re,  181-182;  ni¬ 
trate  of  soda  for,  183;  consumption  of, 
214;  prices,  305,  344;  imports,  350. 

Fertilizer  survey,  145,  165. 

Fibers  and  fiber  products,  prices,  343. 

Film  Division,  functions,  431;  records, 
436. 

Finance,  Director  of,  supervises  zone  fi¬ 
nance  officers,  93;  annual  reports,  93. 

Finance,  Michigan,  reports  re,  460. 

Finance  Service,  organization  and  func¬ 
tions,  92-93;  publications,  93. 

Financial  resources,  conservation,  425. 

Financial  Statistics,  States,  216;  cities, 
216. 

Fine  Chemicals  Section,  minutes  of  meet¬ 
ings,  362 ;  reports,  362. 

Finished  Products  Division,  records,  362. 

Finn,  A.  N.,  paper  by,  209. 

Fir,  cost  report,  351. 

Fire  Prevention  Section,  minutes  of  meet¬ 
ings,  362;  reports,  362. 

Fischer,  Walter,  monographs  by,  130, 
197. 

Fish,  monthly  surveys,  64;  commercial 
freezing  and  storing  of,  175;  prices, 
343;  reports,  404;  as  food  supply,  462. 

Fish  Commission,  coast  patrol  service, 
105-106. 

Fisheries,  Bureau  of,  war  activities,  217- 
218;  publications,  218-220;  records, 
220. 

Fisheries,  statistics,  213;  as  economic  re¬ 
sources,  217-218. 

Fishes,  increasing  utilization  of,  218,  219. 

Fish  industry,  licensing,  406. 

P'ish  meal  for  swine,  bulletin  re,  161. 

Fisk,  G.  B.,  articles  by,  167. 

Flag  Exercises  for  the  Schools  of  the  Na¬ 
tion,  130. 

Flax,  bulletin  re,  153;  monograph  re, 
195. 

Flax  Products  Section,  records,  362. 

Flax  seed,  price  report,  350;  status  of 
industry  report,  352. 

Fletcher,  C.  C.,  article  by,  182. 

Fletcher,  Franl^  F.,  report  by,  353. 

Flohr,  I.ewis  B.,  bulletin  by,  165. 


INDEX 


499 


Florida,  protection  of  sponges  off  coast, 
217;  cost  of  yellow-pine  lumber  report, 
266;  records,  446;  newspapers,  447. 

Flour,  control,  400. 

Fluorspar,  price  report,  349;  status  of 
industry  report,  352. 

Fogg,  D.  F.,  bulletin  by,  122. 

Foley,  D.  P.,  paper  by.  111. 

Food,  problems,  xxxv,  400;  prices,  9,  342, 
401;  statistics,  53,  68,  401;  production 
and  conservation,  126,  152,  183,  184, 
188,  319,  320,  398,  406^7,  462,  463, 
471,  477,  484;  distribution,  216,  398; 
cost  reports,  267-268;  price  fixing,  345; 
coordination  of  purchases,  398;  econo¬ 
mies  in,  401;  license  refjulations,  405- 
406;  records,  445,  478-479;  articles  re, 
443. 

Food  Administration,  an  emergency  es¬ 
tablishment,  xxxv;  significance  of  rec¬ 
ords  of,  xxxvi;  correspondence,  xxxviii, 
408,  409;  relation  wnth  the  State  De¬ 
partment,  28;  surv'eys,  64;  functions, 
64,  135,  398-399;  opinions  of  Attorney 
General  affecting,  95;  cooperation  of 
Bureau  of  Education  with,  126,  129; 
relation  to  the  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  135,  142,  143;  genesis  of  the 
food  administration  act,  135;  coopera¬ 
tion  of  Committee  on  Seed  Stocks  with, 
158;  statistical  information  furnished 
to,  172;  assisted  by  the  Bureau  of 
Chemistry,  174;  price  fixing,  184;  sta¬ 
tistics  for,  189;  informed  by  Latin 
American  Division,  Bureau  of  Foreign 
and  Domestic  Commerce,  190;  co¬ 
operation  of  district  offices.  Bureau  of 
Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  191; 
represented  by  commercial  attaches, 
191 ;  represented  on  the  War  I^abor 
Policies  Board,  245;  cost  reports  to, 
266;  cooperation  in  conservation  of 
tonnage,  290;  records  re  required  im¬ 
ports,  302;  cooperation  of  Woman’s 
Committee,  Council  of  National  De¬ 
fense,  320;  cooperation  of  Council  of 
National  Defense,  321 ;  relation  with  the 
War  Industries  Board,  334,  335-336; 
represented  on  the  Priorities  Board, 
339;  administration  of  price  control, 
.342;  represented  on  the  War  Trade 
Board,  379;  organization,  398-399;  pub¬ 
lications,  399-402;  laws  re,  399;  bulle¬ 
tins,  400,  401,  402-405;  records,  402- 
410;  operations,  402;  license  regula¬ 


tions,  405-406;  conservation  drives, 
406-407 ;  press  releases,  406-407 ;  de¬ 
pendence  on  public  opinion,  407,  409, 
433;  in  the  States,  398-399,  407,  408, 
409-410;  advertising  for,  432;  public 
exhibit,  432;  cooperation  with  Commit¬ 
tee  on  Public  Information,  432;  records 
of  activities  in  the  States:  Alabama, 
440;  Arkansas,  441;  California,  442; 
Connecticut,  445;  Illinois,  448;  Indi¬ 
ana,  451;  Iowa,  453;  Kansas,  454; 
Kentucky,  455;  Marjdand,  457;  Minne¬ 
sota,  461;  New  Hampshire,  465;  New 
Jersey,  465;  New  York,  467;  North 
Carolina,  470;  Rhode  Island,  475; 
Texas,  477;  Virginia,  478;  West  Vir¬ 
ginia,  481 ;  Wisconsin,  482. 

Food  and  fuel  consumption,  Colorado, 
444. 

Food  Bulletin,  Ohio,  472. 

Food  Commission,  New  York,  468. 

Food  conditions,  in  allied,  neutral,  and 
enemy  countries,  63. 

Food  conservation,  on  reclamation  proj¬ 
ects,  125 ;  propaganda  re,  127 ;  co¬ 
operation  with  Hoover  program,  132; 
measures  to  effect,  408;  records,  441, 
442. 

Food  conservation  campaigns,  records, 
187-188. 

Food  control,  a  factor  in  economic  mo¬ 
bilization,  62. 

Food  control  act,  cases  arising  under, 
25,  27. 

Food  crops,  finding  labor  to  harvest, 
138;  increase  of,  183. 

Food  emergency  work,  organization  of, 
144. 

“Food  for  Farm  Families,”  142. 

Food  Needs,  1918  and  1919,  137,  138. 

Food  pledge  campaign,  409. 

Food  production,  organizations  to  in¬ 
crease,  140;  mobilization  of  boys  for, 
235;  records  re,  330. 

Food  production  act,  provisions  of,  134; 
genesis,  135;  editorial  on,  142. 

Food  products,  limitation  of  consump¬ 
tion,  35;  efforts  to  stimulate  produc¬ 
tion,  138;  storage  conditions,  166;  stor¬ 
age  holdings,  166;  inspection  service, 
164,  171 ;  saving  from  destruction  by 
insects,  178;  saving  from  destruction 
by  rats,  179;  Rhode  Island,  475. 

Food  products  inspection  law,  rules  and 
regulations  under,  137,  138. 


500 


INDEX 


Food  Purchase  Board,  408. 

Food  situation,  records,  330. 

Foods,  stabilization  of  prices,  398;  Ne¬ 
vada,  465. 

Foodstuffs,  conservation  of,  174,  175. 

Food  supplies,  production,  distribution, 
and  conservation,  7,  15;  means  of  pre¬ 
venting  increase  in  prices,  30-31. 

Food  supply,  surveys  of,  134;  Colorado, 
444;  Michigan,  460;  Pennsylvania,  474. 

Food  supply  and  conservation,  Ohio,  472. 

Food  Supply  and  the  War,  467. 

Food  surveys,  125,  145,  163-164,  165, 
167,  410. 

Food  Thrift  Series,  143. 

Ford,  Guy  Stanton,  “America’s  Fight 
for  Public  Opinion,”  433. 

Foreign  Agents,  Bureau  of,  fimctions, 
383-384;  records,  395. 

Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  Bu¬ 
reau  of,  reports,  29;  functions  and  or¬ 
ganization,  188-193;  district  offices, 
190,  193,  194;  publications,  193-203; 
records,  203-204;  contact  with  War 
Trade  Board,  380. 

Foreign  commerce,  effect  of  the  war  on, 
194. 

Foreign  exchange,  rates,  276,  278;  regu¬ 
lation  and  control,  277. 

Foreign  Loans,  Bureau  of,  36. 

Foreign  Service  Division,  Bureau  of  For¬ 
eign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  war 
service,  192-193. 

Foreign  Tariffs  Division,  Bureau  of  For¬ 
eign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  war 
service,  189. 

Foreign  trade,  measures  for  promoting, 

86. 

Foreign  trade  zones,  discussion  of,  8. 

Forest  Products  Laboratory,  reports,  65, 
150;  investigative  work,  150. 

Forest  Resources  of  the  World,  by  Zon 
and  Sparhawk,  150. 

Forest  Service,  technical  studies,  xxxviii; 
functions  and  organization,  146;  war 
activities,  147,  149-150;  publications, 
147-149;  effect  of  the  war  on,  148;  in¬ 
vestigative  program,  149;  records,  149- 
151;  “Reports  on  National  Defense 
Studies,”  150;  “Weekly  Bulletin,”  151. 

Forgings,  report,  352. 

Formaldehyde,  price  report,  349. 

Fort  Dodge,  meeting  at,  67. 

Fort  Reno  Remount  Depot,  history  of, 
59. 


Fort  Sam  Houston,  zone  finance  officer, 
93. 

Fosdick,  Raymond  B.,  report  by,  51. 

Four  Minute  men,  services,  431,  436;  bul¬ 
letins,  435;  records,  437;  Colorado,  444; 
Illinois,  449;  Indiana,  451;  Kentucky, 
455;  Maryland,  457;  North  Dakota, 
471;  Tennessee,  476;  Virginia,  479; 
West  Virginia,  481;  Wisconsin,  482. 

Fox,  Henry,  bulletin  by,  179. 

France,  sale  of  property  to,  18. 

Frankford  Arsenal,  housing  at,  65. 

Franklin,  I.  C.,  article  by,  166;  bulletin 
by,  166. 

Fraternal  organizations,  records:  Indi¬ 
ana,  451;  Michigan,  460;  Virginia,  479. 

Freeman,  J.  R.,  paper  by,  209. 

Freight-car  shortage,  188. 

Freight  ships,  standardization  in  con¬ 
struction,  187. 

Fries,  Amos  A.,  Chemical  Warfare,  85. 

Froelich,  Paul,  bulletin  by,  166. 

Frohwerk,  charge  against,  23. 

Fruits,  markets  for,  131,  197 ;  conserva¬ 
tion  of,  141 ;  statistics,  173 ;  prices,  343. 

Fruits  and  vegetables,  conservation  of, 
154,  155,  164,  165,  183,  184;  market 
news  service  for,  164;  market  reports, 
169-170;  preservation,  174;  cost  re¬ 
ports,  267;  licensing  distributors,  406. 

Fry,  C.  L.,  bulletin  by,  344. 

Frysinger,  Grace  E.,  papers  by,  145. 

Fuel,  saving,  122;  use  of  wood  for,  148, 
149,  151;  economy  in  use  of,  161,  401; 
cost  reports,  265,  266,  267 ;  conservation, 
319,  471 ;  records,  445,  462. 

Fuel  Administration,  an  emergency  es¬ 
tablishment,  XXXV ;  final  report,  xxxviii; 
organization  and  operation,  12 ;  co¬ 
operation  of  Geological  Survey,  116; 
cooperation  of  Bureau  of  Mines,  118, 
121;  records,  123,  415-418;  cooperation 
of  Forest  Service,  147;  represented  in 
the  U.S.  Highways  Council,  182;  sta¬ 
tistics,  189,  342;  cooperation  of  district 
offices.  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domes¬ 
tic  Commerce,  191;  cooperation  of  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Census,  214;  industrial  rela¬ 
tions,  227 ;  represented  on  the  War 
Labor  Policies  Board,  245;  cost  re¬ 
ports  to,  266;  relations  with  Emer¬ 
gency  Fleet  Corporation,  308;  relations 
with  War  Industries  Board,  334,  336, 
339,  340;  price  control,  342;  relation 
with  War  Trade  Board,  379,  380;  or- 


INDEX 


501 


ganization  and  functions,  411;  publica¬ 
tions,  413-416;  reports,  413-414;  orders, 
regulations,  and  rulings,  414;  engineer¬ 
ing  bulletins,  415;  records,  415-418; 
advertising  for,  432 ;  informs  the  public, 
433. 

Fuel  Administration  in  the  States,  gen¬ 
eral,  411,  413,  415,  416;  records:  Ala¬ 
bama,  440;  Arkansas,  441;  Illinois,  448; 
Indiana,  451;  Kentucky,  455;  Mary¬ 
land,  457;  Minnesota,  461;  New  Jersey, 
466;  North  Carolina,  470;  Ohio,  471; 
West  Virginia,  481;  Wisconsin,  482. 

Fuel  and  petroleum,  statistics,  65,  68. 

Fuel  control,  a  factor  in  economic  mo¬ 
bilization,  62. 

Fuel  Facts,  414. 

Fuel  oil,  cost  reports,  265;  records,  308. 

Fuel  situation,  memorandum  re,  144. 

Fuel  Situation  at  the  Beginning  of  Win¬ 
ter,  1918-1919,  by  Harry  A.  Garfield, 
416. 

Fuels,  price  fixing,  345. 

FuUbrook,  Earl  S.,  The  Red  Cross  in 
Iowa,  452-463. 

Fullers  earth,  imports,  360. 

Funk,  W.  C.,  bulletin  by,  177. 

Fur  industries,  German  property  in,  427. 

Gamble,  James  A.,  bulletins  by,  161. 

Garbage  utilization,  data  re,  408. 

Garfield,  Harry  A.,  chairman.  Committee 
on  Prices,  401;  reports  to,  413,  414; 
Fuel  Situation,  415. 

Garner,  James  Wilford,  The  German  War 
Code,  434. 

Garret,  Paul  Willard,  bulletin  by,  342; 
Government  Control  over  Prices,  390. 

Gas,  reports  re,  211,  212,  267. 

Gas  industry,  report  re,  211. 

Gas  masks,  121. 

Gasolene,  viscosity  of,  209;  cost  reports, 
265,  270. 

General  I.,and  Office,  summary  of  war 
work,  66. 

General  Munitions  Board,  activities,  332; 
minutes  of  meetings,  347,  362;  reports, 
362. 

General  Staff,  U.S.  Army,  organization, 
62-53;  Statistical  Branch,  63-54;  War 
College  Division,  60;  Training  and  In¬ 
struction  Branch,  publications,  61; 
Historical  Branch,  61  et  seq. 

General  Supplies  Division,  history  of,  59. 


Geographic  News  Bulletin,  127. 

Geological  Survey,  U.S.,  summary  of 
war  work,  65;  organization,  113;  func¬ 
tions,  113-115;  annual  reports  of  Di¬ 
rector,  115;  cooperation  with  War  and 
Navy  Departments,  115;  publications, 
115-116;  records,  116-118,  123;  coopera¬ 
tion  of  Bureau  of  Mines  with,  118;  in¬ 
formation  furnished  by  Latin  American 
Division,  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Do¬ 
mestic  Commerce,  190. 

Georgia,  negro  migration  from,  250;  rec¬ 
ords,  447. 

German  University  League,  list  of  mem¬ 
bers,  11. 

Gibbs,  Winifred  S.,  paper  by,  144. 

Gibson,  K.  S.,  paper  by,  209. 

Gibson,  S.  Ashley,  historian,  Rhode  Is¬ 
land  Council  of  Defense,  476. 

Girl  Scouts,  reports:  Tennessee,  476; 
Virginia,  480. 

Glass,  cost  of  production,  201;  prices, 
344. 

Glass  industry  as  affected  by  the  war, 
276. 

Gleeser,  Carl,  charge  against,  23. 

Glycerin,  report  re,  352. 

Gold,  dental,  production  and  consump¬ 
tion,  214. 

Goldenweiser,  E.  A.,  statistician,  64. 

Goldsmith,  Margaret  L.,  bulletin  by,  342. 

Gompers,  Samuel,  American  Labor  and 
the  War,  241. 

Goodrich,  James  P.,  conference  called 
by,  462. 

Gordon,  Malcolm  Kenneth,  historical  pa¬ 
per  by,  58. 

Gore,  H.  C.,  bulletin  by,  154;  paper  by, 
176. 

Gould,  H.  P.,  bulletin  by,  164. 

Government  Control  over  Prices,  by  Gar¬ 
rett,  Lubin,  and  Stewart,  342. 

Government  Organization  in  War  Time 
and  After,  by  William  Franklin  Wil¬ 
loughby,  xxxix,  240. 

Gowans,  Ethel,  Home  Gardening  for  City 
Children,  130. 

Grade  D.  Chambers,  case  against,  22-23. 

Grain,  hay  and  feed,  market  news  service, 
164;  market  reports,  170. 

Grain,  marketing,  164,  165;  federal  su¬ 
pervision,  167,  171;  prevention  of  loss 
from  grain-dust  explosions,  174,  175; 


502 


INDEX 


saved  from  destruction  by  insects,  178; 
licensing  exports  of,  408. 

Grain  and  flour,  data  re,  408. 

Grain  and  flour  trade,  abuses,  408. 

Grain  Corporation,  U.S.,  cooperation  of 
Committee  on  Seed  Stocks  with,  158; 
organization  and  functions,  399;  Story 
of,  401;  records,  410. 

Grain  crops,  statistics,  179. 

Grain  dealers,  licensing,  405. 

Grain-Dust  Explosions,  by  Dedrick,  Fehr, 
and  Price,  175. 

Grains,  bulletins  re,  154,  155;  circulars 
re,  159. 

Grain  trade,  reports,  268-269;  confer¬ 
ences  re,  402. 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  recommendation  by 
citizen  of,  21. 

Grant,  A.  W.,  report  by,  444. 

Graphite,  mining  and  preparation,  112; 
investigations  re,  120 ;  effects  of  the 
war  on,  275. 

Graphite  crucibles,  statistics,  214. 

Gravel,  price  fixing,  340 ;  prices,  344,  349 ; 
cost  report,  351. 

Graves,  Henry  S.,  article  by,  149;  paper 
by,  151. 

Great  Lakes,  protection  of  shipping  on, 
223,  224;  labor  turnover  of  seamen  on, 
231;  ship-operation  district,  282;  de¬ 
liveries  of  seagoing  ships  from,  284. 

Greene,  Evarts  B.,  American  Interest  in 
Popular  Government  Abroad,  434; 
Leiber  and  Schurz,  434. 

Greenhouses,  commercial,  census  of,  214. 

Greenough,  Walter,  The  War  Purse  of 
Indiana,  452. 

Grimes,  A.  M.,  bulletin  by,  165. 

Grover,  N.  C.,  report  by,  150-151. 

Groves,  H.  Lawrence,  monograph  by,  199. 

Gulf,  ship-operation  district,  282. 

Guns,  cost  of,  71-72. 

Gypsum,  imports,  350;  cost  report,  351; 
status  of  industry  report,  352. 

Hainsworth,  R.  G.,  article  by,  177. 

Hall,  Louis  D.,  article  by,  167 ;  paper  by, 
171. 

Hall,  William  E.,  address  by,  236. 

Halsey,  Frederick  M.,  monograph  by,  198. 

Hamilton,  internal  revenue  case,  25. 

Hamilton,  Ohio,  industrial  survey,  353. 

Hammond,  Ind.,  housing,  65. 

Handschin,  W.  F.,  circulars  by,  450. 


Hanna,  Hugh  S.,  Wages  and  the  War, 
246. 

Hansen,  Marcus  L.,  Welfare  Campaigns 
in  Iowa,  452;  Welfare  Work  in  Iowa, 
452. 

Harbel,  David,  article  by,  167. 

Harbors  and  docks,  records,  299. 

Harding,  Samuel  B.,  The  Study  of  the 
Great  War,  434;  War  Cyclopedia,  435. 

Hardware,  cost  report,  351. 

Hardware  and  Hand  Tool  Section,  min¬ 
utes  of  meetings,  363;  reports,  351, 
363. 

Hardware  Manufacturers’  Organization 
for  War  Service,  booklet,  bulletins,  and 
report,  65. 

Harlan,  Harry  V.,  bulletin  by,  155. 

Harness,  increased  wage  cost,  350. 

Harris,  B.  F.,  article  by,  450. 

Harris,  Garrard,  monographs  by,  195, 
197. 

Harris,  John  T.,  481. 

Harrison,  John  H.,  article  by,  450. 

Hart,  Hastings  H.,  Social  Problems  of 
Alabama,  440;  report  by,  475;  program 
suggested  by,  481. 

Hart,  R.  W.,  paper  by,  208. 

Hart,  W.  Lee,  hospital  history  by,  89. 

Hartley,  C.  P.,  bidletin  by,  153. 

Hasse,  Adelaide  R.,  vi,  346. 

Hat  and  cap  industry,  conservation  in, 
63. 

Hatch,  K.  L.,  bulletin  by,  483. 

Havens,  Verne  L.,  monograph  by,  200. 

Hawbaker,  C.  C.,  bulletins  by,  166. 

Hawes,  A.  F.,  circular  by,  149. 

Hawes,  Charles  S.,  Coal-Tar  Dyes  for 
Which  Import  Licenses  Were  Granted 
during  the  Fiscal  Year  1920,  388-389. 

Hay,  statistics,  403. 

Haynes,  Fred  Emory,  Social  Work  at 
Camp  Dodge,  453. 

Haywood,  J.  K.,  bulletin  by,  175. 

Hazardous  Occupations,  Committee  on, 
functions,  254;  minutes  of  meetings, 
256. 

Hazen,  Charles  D.,  The  Government  of 
Germany,  433. 

Heacock,  J.  Linden,  bulletins  by,  343. 

Hearst,  W.  R.,  telegrams  by,  11. 

Helium,  search  for,  114;  investigations, 
118,  122;  production,  122;  bibliography, 
211. 

Helium-Bearing  Natural  Gas,  116. 

Hemlock,  price  report,  349. 


INDEX 


503 


Hemp,  price  fixing,  340. 

Herring,  curing  of,  220. 

Herschel,  Winslow  H.,  paper  by,  209. 

Hersey,  Ralph  G.,  52. 

Hess,  O.  B.,  bulletin  by,  161. 

Hides,  increasing  production  of,  147 ; 
price  fixing,  340,  345;  price  reports, 
349. 

Hides,  I.eather,  and  Leather  Goods  Di¬ 
vision,  minutes  of  meetings,  363 ;  re¬ 
ports,  363-364. 

Hides  and  Skins,  National  Association 
of  Importers  of.  War  Trade  Commit¬ 
tee,  bulletins,  65. 

Hides  and  skins,  production  and  con¬ 
sumption,  173;  Schedule  of  Maximum 
Prices,  342;  status  of  industry  report, 
352. 

Higgins,  L.  A.,  article  by,  162. 

High  cost  of  living,  records,  330. 

High  Cost  of  Living  Problem,  an  analysis, 
324. 

High-pressure  cylinders,  report,  352. 

Highways,  improvement  of,  97. 

Highways  Council,  U.S.,  membership, 
182;  function,  182;  article  re,  183. 

Highways  Transport  Committee,  func¬ 
tions,  321-322;  bulletins,  326;  records, 
328,  329. 

Hines,  Walker  D.,  address  by,  421;  report 
by,  421. 

Hitz,  Benjamin  D.,  hospital  history  by, 
89. 

Hoboken,  N.  J.,  port  of  embarkation,  60. 

Hoffman,  Charles  P.,  paper  by,  210. 

Hoffman,  C.  P.,  bulletin  by,  475. 

Hog  Island,  shipbuilding  operations  on,  8. 

Hog  production  should  be  increased,  137. 

Hog  reports,  410. 

Holbrook,  Franklin  F.,  survey  by,  439. 

Holmes,  George  K.,  articles  by,  173;  bul¬ 
letin  by,  173. 

Home  conservation,  data  re,  408. 

Home  demonstration  agents,  functions, 
139-140,  144-145;  reports,  145;  records, 
410. 

Home  economics,  teaching,  131 ;  records, 
Minnesota,  461. 

Home  economics  director,  records,  410. 

Home  Gardening  for  City  Children,  by 
Ethel  Gowans,  130. 

Home  Garden  Series,  purpose,  184. 

Home  Registration  Service  Committee, 
Illinois  State  Council  of  Defense,  re¬ 
port,  249. 


Homs,  Juan,  monographs  by,  197,  198. 

Honey,  need  of,  137 ;  market  report, 
170;  production,  173;  increasing  sup¬ 
ply  of,  178,  184. 

Hooker,  Margaret  Huntington,  paper  by, 
145. 

Hoover,  Herbert,  food-control  discussion 
by,  7 ;  program  for  food  conservation, 
132;  Preface  to  a  Report  of  the  United 
States  Food  Administration,  400;  col¬ 
lection  of  war  records,  408. 

Hopewell,  Va.,  production  of  guncotton 
at,  72. 

Hops,  prices,  343. 

Hospitals,  histories  and  records,  89,  466. 

Hotchkiss,  Irma  H.,  bulletin  by,  343. 

Hotchkiss,  WiUard  E.,  and  Seager, 
Henry  R.,  History  of  Shipbuilding  La^ 
bor  Adjustment  Board,  285. 

Hotels  and  restaurants,  data  re,  408. 

Hough,  Emerson,  The  Web,  94. 

Housing,  for  employees  in  shipyards,  17. 

Housing,  Committee  on,  origin,  319. 

Housing  Corporation,  U.S.,  investigation 
of  operations  of,  14;  incorporation, 
247 ;  organization  and  functions,  247 ; 
publications,  248-249;  records,  249. 

Housing  Facilities  for  War  Needs,  248. 

Housing  records,  Connecticut,  445. 

Houston,  D.  F.,  address  by,  138. 

Howard,  Alice  S.,  report  by,  286. 

Howard,  L.  O.,  Entomology  and  the  War, 
179. 

Howard,  W.  G.,  bulletin  by,  468. 

Howes,  George  E.,  413. 

Hoyt,  Homer,  bulletins  by,  342,  343,  344. 

Hrbkova,  Sarka  B.,  Bridging  the  Atlantic, 
464. 

Hudson,  Millard  F.,  editor,  263. 

Hughes,  Gerald,  report  by,  444. 

Humphrey,  Harry  B.,  bulletins  by,  155; 
article  by,  156. 

Hunt,  Caroline  L.,  bulletin  by,  141. 

Hunt,  Thomas  Forsyth,  an  appeal  by, 
443. 

Hurd,  W.  D.,  address  by,  459. 

Hurley,  E.  N.,  report  by,  283. 

Hurtt,  L.  C.,  bulletin  by,  149. 

Hydrogen,  report  re,  362. 

Idaho,  reclamation  fund,  123;  growing 
grains  on  dry  farms  in,  153;  records, 
447. 

Ilion,  N.  Y.,  labor  conditions,  64. 


504 


INDEX 


Illinois,  subscriptions  to  fourth  Liberty 
loan,  44;  seed-corn  emergency,  168; 
coking  Illinois  coal,  209;  coal-cost  re¬ 
port,  270;  power  reports,  349;  records, 
447-449;  publications,  449-450. 

Imes,  Marion,  bulletins  by,  160,  161. 

Immigration,  Bureau  of,  war  work,  232, 
233;  publications,  232;  investigations 
for,  252. 

Immigration,  Commissioner  of,  annual 
reports,  232-233;  represented  in  the 
Labor  Division,  War  Industries  Board, 
338. 

Immigration,  suspension  of,  9;  hearings 
on  bills  to  prohibit,  16 ;  hearings  on 
plans  for  restriction,  16;  hearings  re 
administration  of  immigration  laws,  16. 

Imports,  Bureau  of.  War  Trade  Board, 
functions,  385;  records,  396. 

Imports,  statistics,  194,  404;  records, 
302. 

Imports  control,  377,  378,  379,  380,  382, 
385,  386,  388. 

Income,  statistics,  42. 

Income  tax,  report,  41 ;  opinion  as  to 
corporation  exemptions,  98. 

Income  taxes,  collection  of,  35. 

Income  tax  rulings,  digest,  42. 

Indiana,  attitude  of  citizens  toward  com¬ 
pulsory  military  training,  20 ;  sub¬ 
scriptions  to  fourth  Liberty  loan,  44; 
influenza  and  pneumonia  in,  216;  in¬ 
dustrial  housing,  249;  labor  laws  for 
women  in  industry,  255;  coal-cost  re¬ 
port,  270;  records,  450-451;  publica¬ 
tions,  451-452. 

Indianhead,  Md.,  powder  factory,  105, 
107,  457. 

Indianhead  Naval  Proving  Ground,  rec¬ 
ords,  457. 

Indian  OfiBce,  summary  of  war  work,  65. 

Industrial  America  in  the  World  War,  by 
Grosvenor  B.  Clarkson,  324,  341-342. 

Industrial  Board,  establishment  of,  186; 
report  re,  187. 

Industrial  conversion  in  France,  351. 

Industrial  conversions,  reports,  346. 

Industrial  Cooperation  Service,  organized 
by  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  186;  re¬ 
port  re,  187. 

Industrial-economic  survey,  records  re, 
330. 

Industrial  establishments,  classified  list, 
332 ;  records,  Maryland,  457 ;  reports 
by:  Illinois,  448;  Pennsylvania,  473. 


Industrial  Gases  and  Gas  Products  Sec¬ 
tion,  reports,  364. 

Industrial  Housing  and  Transportation, 
Bureau  of,  report  re,  229;  organization 
and  functions,  247. 

Industrial  Inventory  Section,  origin,  319; 
records,  364. 

Industrial  mobilization,  provision  for,  332. 

Industrial  organizations,  records:  Maine, 
466;  New  York,  467;  reports:  Connecti¬ 
cut,  445;  Virginia,  478. 

Industrial  plants,  Alabama,  reports,  440. 

Industrial  Preparedness,  Committee  on, 
work  of,  332. 

Industrial  problems,  treatment  of,  256. 

Industrial  relations,  handling  of,  226;  re¬ 
port,  Shipping  Board,  286;  records, 
Ohio,  472. 

Industrial  resources,  survey  of,  337. 

Industrial  Service  Section,  origin,  319. 

Industrial  situations,  investigation  of,  252. 

Industrial  Survey,  bulletin,  232. 

Industrial  surveys,  353,  445. 

Industrial  training,  advantages  of,  253. 

Industrial  Training  in  Representative  lur- 
dus  tries,  253. 

Industrial  workers,  housing,  247 ;  train¬ 
ing,  253-254. 

Industrial  Workers  of  the  World,  11,  16. 

Industries,  effect  of  the  war  upon,  207, 
352-363 ;  mobilization  of,  317 ;  reports, 
350,  351,  352;  curtailment  of,  360;  con¬ 
version  of,  351;  Missouri,  463. 

Industry,  human  relations  in,  251. 

Industry  and  labor,  California,  442. 

Inflation,  progress  of,  278. 

Influenza  and  pneumonia,  mortality  from, 
216. 

Influenza  epidemic,  report  re,  47. 

Information,  Division  of.  War  Trade 
Board,  publications,  381-382;  records, 
392-393. 

Information,  Office  of.  Department  of 
Agriculture,  publications,  183-184. 

Information  and  Education  Service,  pub¬ 
lications,  251 ;  functions,  350. 

Inland  Traffic  Service,  becomes  part  of 
Purchase,  Storage,  and  Traffic  Division, 
54,  55;  combined  with  Embarkation 
Service  to  form  Transportation  Service, 
76-77 ;  correspondence  re  organization 
of,  78-79;  origin,  319;  records,  365. 

Inland  Water  Transportation,  by  Walter 
Parker,  187. 


INDEX 


Inland  Water  Transportation,  Commit¬ 
tee  on,  origin,  319. 

Inland  water  transportation,  problem  of, 
investigated,  186. 

Inland  Waterway  Terminal  Development, 
by  Walter  Parker,  187. 

Innes,  Walter  P.,  Food,  454. 

Insecticides,  information  re,  179;  re¬ 
port  re,  352. 

Insect  powder  plants,  circular  re,  157. 
Insull,  Samuel,  article  by,  450. 

Interallied  Blockade  Committee  in  Lon¬ 
don,  contact  with  War  Trade  Board, 
380. 

Interallied  Shipping  Control  Committee 
in  New  York,  contact  with  War  Trade 
Board,  380. 

Interdepartmental  Ammonia  Committee, 
functions,  174. 

Interdepartmental  Committee,  origin,  319. 
Interdepartmental  Social  Hygiene  Board, 
membership,  39. 

Interior  Department,  see  Contents,  xiii- 
xiv;  cooperation  with  Committee  on 
Public  Information,  431-432;  public  ex¬ 
hibit,  432. 

Interior  Department  War  Work  Asso¬ 
ciation,  activities,  124. 

Interior,  Secretary  of,  appoints  a  board 
of  scientists,  119;  management  of  Rec¬ 
lamation  Service  subject  to  approval 
of,  124;  efforts  on  behalf  of  returning 
soldiers,  124;  addresses  by,  132,  326; 
member  of  Council  of  National  De¬ 
fense,  318. 

Internal  Revenue,  Commissioner  of,  an¬ 
nual  reports,  41. 

Internal  revenue,  sources  of,  41 ;  Treas¬ 
ury  decisions  re,  41-42;  laws,  42. 
Internal  revenue  service,  35,  40. 
International  Paper  Company,  case  of, 
22-23. 

International  Price  Comparisons,  by 
Mitchell,  Goldsmith,  and  Middaugh, 
342. 

Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  case 
against,  26;  question  of  jurisdiction, 
26;  opinion  of  Attorney  General  af¬ 
fecting,  97;  functions,  258-260;  or¬ 
ganization,  259-260;  publications,  260- 
261. 

Investigation,  Division  of,  Department  of 
Justice,  94. 

Investigation  and  Inspection  Service,  De¬ 


505 

partment  of  Labor,  functions,  252;  re¬ 
port,  252. 

Iona  Island,  mine-loading  plant  at,  107. 

Iowa,  farmers  in  favor  of  prohibiting 
the  raising  of  tobacco,  20;  demand 
from  for  embargo  upon  exportation  of 
wheat,  31;  seed-corn  emergency,  158; 
records,  452;  newspapers,  452;  publica¬ 
tions,  452-453. 

Iowa  War  Proclamations,  453. 

Iowa  Women  in  Industry,  256. 

Ireland,  M.  W.,  Surgeon  General,  88. 

Iron,  cost  report,  267;  prices,  343. 

Iron  and  steel,  production,  sale  and  dis¬ 
tribution,  10;  census  of,  214;  prices, 
305;  price  fixing,  345;  reports  re,  349, 
350,  351,  352. 

Iron  and  steel  products,  statistics,  214. 

Jacksonville,  Tenn.,  ordnance  school  at, 
63. 

James,  Edmund  Janes,  article  by,  450; 
bulletin  by,  450. 

Japan,  ship  subsidies,  190;  war  services 
of  commercial  attache  in,  192;  trade, 
276. 

Jardine,  James  T.,  bulletin  by,  149. 

Jeffersonville,  Ind.,  quartermaster  depot 
at,  59;  zone  finance  oflBcer,  93. 

Jenison,  Marguerite  Edith,  IFar  Docu¬ 
ments  and  Addresses,  449;  War-Time 
Organizations  in  Illinois,  449. 

Jenkins,  J.  Caldwell,  Codification  of  the 
Shipbuilding  Labor  Adjustment 
Awards,  285-286. 

Jesness,  O.  B.,  bulletin  by,  165;  article 
by,  167. 

Jewish  Welfare  Board,  records:  Alabama, 
440;  Kentucky,  455;  Minnesota,  462; 
Texas,  477 ;  Virginia,  480. 

Johnson,  Aaron  G.,  bulletin  by,  155. 

Johnson,  Emory  R.,  report  by,  285. 

Johnson,  O.  R.,  circular  by,  463. 

Johnson,  U.  T.,  article  by,  162. 

Johnstone,  M.  Beatrice,  article  by,  471. 

Joint  Board  of  Maritime  Affairs,  sur¬ 
vey  of  vessels  by,  78. 

Joint  Information  Board  on  Minerals  and 
Derivatives,  Information  compiled  by, 
66;  minutes  of  meetings,  66;  organiza¬ 
tion  of,  114;  records,  116-117;  connec¬ 
tion  with  Bureau  of  Mines,  120. 

Joint-stock  land  banks,  opinion  of  Attor¬ 
ney  General  affecting,  96. 

Jones,  E.  B.,  report  by,  150-151. 


506 


INDEX 


Jones,  Grosvenor  M.,  monographs  by, 
195,  196,  200. 

Jones,  Jenkins  W.,  bulletin  by,  154. 

Jones,  R.  E.,  bulletin  by,  446. 

Jones,  S.  A.,  bulletin  by,  173. 

Jones,  Tom  O.,  monograph  by,  170. 

Jones,  Webster  N.,  bulletin  by,  344. 

Judd,  C.  H.,  editor,  129. 

Judge,  John  P.,  Baltimore  and  the  Draft, 
458. 

Judge  Advocate  General  of  the  Army, 
opinions  of,  46. 

Judkins,  H.  F.,  bulletins  by,  445,  446. 

Justice,  Department  of,  report  on  illegal 
practices,  11;  relation  of  State  De¬ 
partment  with,  28;  war  activities,  94; 
war-time  organization,  94;  publica¬ 
tions,  94  et  seq.j  cooperation  of  Post 
OflBce  Department  with,  103;  coopera¬ 
tion  of  Bureau  of  Census  with,  214; 
contact  with  War  Trade  Board,  380, 
383;  informs  the  public,  430. 

Jute,  statistics,  215. 

Jute  bags,  supply  of,  398. 

Jute,  Hemp,  and  Cordage  Section,  min¬ 
utes  of  meetings,  365;  reports,  351, 
365. 

Juve,  Oscar  A.,  article  by,  177. 

Kahler,  H.,  papers  by,  209. 

Kahn,  Otto,  American  Loyalty,  434. 

Kansas,  case  against  Burleson,  23;  rec¬ 
lamation  fund,  123;  influenza  and 
pneumonia,  216;  women’s  wages,  256; 
petroleum-cost  report,  271 ;  newspa¬ 
pers,  453-454;  records,  453-454;  publi¬ 
cations,  454. 

Kansas  City,  Mo.,  reports  of  Federal 
Reserve  district,  277 ;  headquarters. 
Capital  Issues  district  committee,  425. 

Kansas  City  Southern  Railroad  Com¬ 
pany,  case  of,  26. 

Kansas  City  Title  Company,  case  against, 
27. 

Kapok,  statistics,  215;  status  of  industry 
report,  352. 

Karr,  C.  P.,  paper  by,  209. 

Keene,  Charles  G.,  note  re  purchase  of 
army  shoes,  59. 

Keene,  Marcel  S.,  52. 

Keller,  Charles,  report  by,  349. 

Kellogg,  Walter  Guest,  The  Conscientious 
Objector,  91. 

Kendall,  Isoline  Rodd,  456. 


Kendall,  W.  C.,  economic  circular  by, 

220. 

Kennington,  case  of,  27. 

Kentucky,  subscriptions  to  fourth  Lib¬ 
erty  loan,  44;  increasing  crop  yields, 
177;  coal-cost  report,  270;  publication 
of  sugar  prices  in,  408;  records  and 
publications,  455;  problems,  conference 
on,  455. 

Kentucky  Distillers  and  Warehouse  Com¬ 
pany,  case  against,  25. 

Keokuk,  Iowa,  power  situation,  349. 

Kepford,  A.  E.,  article  by,  453. 

Kerr,  W.  H.,  bulletin  by,  165;  report  by, 
444. 

Kilroe,  E.  P.,  report  by,  13. 

Kimball,  Theodore,  bibliography  by,  248. 

Kinghorne,  J.  W.,  article  by,  162. 

Kinnane,  case  of,  27. 

Kirjassof,  M.  D.,  monograph  by,  200. 

Kittanning  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  case 
against,  26. 

Knauss,  James  O.,  records  located  by, 
446. 

Kneeland,  Paul  D.,  Utilization  of  Forest 
Products  in  Massachusetts  as  Affected 
by  the  War,  459. 

Knight,  C.  S.,  bulletin  by,  464. 

Knights  of  Columbus,  records:  Alabama, 
440;  Colorado,  444;  Kentucky,  455; 
Texas,  477;  Virginia,  480. 

Knit  Goods  Section,  reports,  351,  365; 
minutes  of  meetings,  365. 

Knox  County,  Tenn.,  in  the  war,  476. 

Kotsrean,  W.  J.,  bulletin  by,  344.  • 

Kotzenabe,  C.,  American  Loyalty,  434. 

Kouwenhoven,  WiUiam  B.,  paper  by,  209. 

Krai,  J.  J.,  monographs  by,  201,  202. 

Kramer,  H.  E.,  article  by,  167. 

Kreisinger,  Henry,  papers  by,  122. 

Krey,  August  C.,  German  War  Practices, 
435. 

Krynitsky,  A.  I.,  paper  by,  209. 

Kyle,  C.  H.,  bulletins  by,  153,  154. 

Labor,  employment  of,  19;  shortage  for 
the  farm,  20;  boycott,  26;  questions  re, 
56;  bibliography  of  publications  re, 
132;  better  use  of,  177;  saving  of,  177; 
meeting  demand  for,  230;  in  army 
draft,  231;  discontent,  239;  daily  di¬ 
gest  of,  246 ;  distribution,  245,  247 ; 
housing,  247,  248;  problems,  249;  mo¬ 
bilization  of,  317-318;  policies  re,  321; 
report  on  demand  for,  350;  conserva- 


INDEX 


507 


tion  of,  425;  records  re:  Illinois,  450; 
Michigan,  460;  Minnesota,  462;  New 
York,  468;  Pennsylvania,  474;  Utah, 
477 ;  Virginia,  478. 

Labor  adjustment,  231. 

Labor  Adjustment  service,  activities, 
235. 

Labor  and  employment,  factors  in  eco¬ 
nomic  mobilization,  62. 

Labor  and  labor  affairs,  308. 

Labor  and  labor  conditions,  bulletin  re, 
237-238. 

Labor  and  wages,  in  construction  indus¬ 
try,  251. 

Labor  and  the  War,  by  Samuel  Gompers, 
241. 

Labor  and  the  war,  records,  292. 

Labor,  Committee  on.  Council  of  National 
Defense,  functions,  321;  publications, 
325-326;  records,  329. 

Labor  conditions,  weekly  reports  on,  238. 

Labor,  Department  of,  significance  of 
records  of,  xxxvii ;  final  reports,  xxxviii ; 
library  of,  xli;  Employment  Service, 
64;  cooperation  of  Bureau  of  Educa¬ 
tion  with,  126;  cooperation  of  Office  of 
Farm  Management  with,  176;  publica¬ 
tions  and  mimeographed  material,  227 ; 
organization  and  development,  227-228; 
records,  228;  war  activities,  229;  repre¬ 
sented  on  the  War  Labor  Policies 
Board,  245;  informs  the  public,  430; 
advertising  for,  432. 

Labor  difficulties,  adjustment  of,  8,  244; 
causes,  239. 

Labor  disputes,  mediation  in,  229,  241- 
242;  adjustment,  230,  251,  411. 

Labor  Division,  War  Industries  Board, 
organization  and  functions,  338. 

Laborers,  housing  for,  14;  overtime  pay, 
96;  importation  for  war  necessities, 
229,  232,  233;  mobilization,  238. 

Labor  laws,  emergency  suspensions,  231. 

Labor  legislation,  bulletins,  232. 

Labor  of  prisoners,  utilization,  338. 

Labor  Outlook  for  1919,  251. 

Labor  Problems  and  Labor  Administra¬ 
tion,  by  Gordon  S.  Watkins,  241. 

“Labor  provisions  in  the  Peace  treaty,” 
232. 

Labor  Saving  Practices  in  Haymaking, 
by  H.  B.  McClure,  177. 

Labor,  Secretary  of,  cooperation  with 
Secretary  of  Commerce,  186;  appointed  | 
War  Labor  Administrator,  228;  func-  ■ 


tions,  228;  war  activities,  228,  229;  an¬ 
nual  reports,  229;  calls  a  conference  on 
steamship  interests,  233;  National  War 
Labor  Board  appointed  by,  241;  or¬ 
ganizes  War  Labor  Policies  Board, 
245;  U.S.  Housing  Corporation  or¬ 
ganized  by,  247 ;  Commission  on  Living 
Conditions  appointed  by,  248;  Divi¬ 
sion  of  Negro  Economics  established 
by,  249;  investigations  for,  252;  mem¬ 
ber  of  Board  for  Vocational  Educa¬ 
tion,  310;  member  of  Council  of  Na¬ 
tional  Defense,  318. 

Labor  Section,  Industrial  Division,  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Ordnance,  Navy  Department, 
107. 

Labor  Section,  Priorities  Division,  War 
Industries  Board,  339. 

Labor’s  Relation  to  the  World  IFar,  by 
W.  B.  Wilson,  229. 

Labor  Standards,  Committee  on  Main¬ 
tenance  of,  321. 

Labor  standards,  protection  of,  230 

Labor  standards  for  women,  records  re, 
330. 

Labor  Statistics,  Bureau  of,  bulletin, 
xxxviii;  war  work,  229-230;  publica¬ 
tions,  230-232;  functions,  252. 

Labor  turnover,  313. 

Labor  Turnover  and  Industrial  Training, 
353. 

Ladies  Hermitage  Association,  report, 
476. 

Lake  Monroe,  case  of,  24. 

Landrum,  C.  H.,  articles  by,  461. 

Lane,  Franklin  K.,  Work  and  Homes  for 
Our  Fighting  Men,  125;  The  Nation  in 
Arms,  433. 

Lang,  H.  L.,  bulletins  by,  141,  175. 

Lansing,  Robert,  letters  to,  434;  A  War 
of  Self-Defense,  434. 

Lantz,  David  E.,  article  by,  180;  bulle¬ 
tins  by,  180. 

Lard,  supply  of,  166. 

Larson,  Louis  J.,  paper  by,  210. 

Latin  American  Division,  Bureau  of 
Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce,  war 
service,  190. 

Lauck,  W.  Jett,  Wages  and  the  War, 
246. 

Laurel,  Md.,  citizens  in  favor  of  prohibi¬ 
tion  as  a  war  measure,  20. 

Law,  John  W.,  bulletin  by,  165. 

Leach,  E.  D.,  paper  by,  471. 

I.ead,  imports,  350. 


508 


INDEX 


Lead  production,  weekly  statement,  117- 
118. 

League  Island  Navy  Yard,  hospital,  109. 

Leather,  demand  for  importation  of,  30; 
statistics,  215;  investigations,  207; 
aquatic  sources,  219,  220;  cost  reports, 
265,  266,  272,  351;  prices,  305;  price 
fixing,  340,  345;  price  report,  350. 

Leathers,  paper  re,  210. 

Leather  Statistics,  Joint  Office  on,  re¬ 
ports,  365. 

Leather  stocks,  census  of,  214. 

Le  Clerc,  J.  A.,  article  by,  175;  bulletin 
by,  175. 

Legal  Section,  War  Industries  Board,  re¬ 
ports,  366. 

Legge,  Alex,  reports  to,  351-352. 

Lehmann,  F.  W.,  American  Loyalty, 
434. 

Leighty,  Clyde  E.,  bulletins  by,  153,  154, 
155;  article  by,  156;  circulars  by,  159. 

Lesher,  C.  E.,  bulletin  by,  343;  report 
by,  414;  statistics  by,  414. 

Lessons  in  Community  and  National  Life, 
C.  H.  Judd  and  L.  C.  Marshall,  eds., 
129. 

Letteer,  C.  R.,  bulletin  by,  155. 

Lewenberg,  H.  L.,  bulletins  by,  344. 

Lewis,  W.  Lee,  bulletin  by,  344. 

Lewis  and  Son  Co.,  case  of,  27. 

Libby,  Or  in  G.,  article  by,  471. 

Liberty  bonds,  sale  of,  36,  40,  41,  43, 
103,  320;  data  re,  43. 

Liberty  loan  campaigns,  reports,  43;  rec¬ 
ords,  187-188. 

Liberty  loan  conference,  report,  44. 

Liberty  loan  legislation,  compilation  of, 
43. 

Liberty  loans,  results,  44 ;  propaganda 
re,  127;  advertising  for,  432;  records: 
Colorado,  444;  lUinois,  449;  Indiana, 
451;  Iowa,  453;  Kansas,  454;  Ken¬ 
tucky,  455;  Maryland,  457;  New  Jer¬ 
sey,  465;  North  Carolina,  470;  North 
Dakota,  471;  Oregon,  473;  Pennsyl¬ 
vania,  473;  Tennessee,  476;  Texas,  477; 
Virginia,  479;  West  Virginia,  481; 
Wisconsin,  482. 

Libraries,  Tennessee,  report,  476. 

Licenses,  reports  of,  406. 

License  reports,  410. 

Lighthouse,  Bureau  of,  war  work,  220- 
221;  publications,  221;  records,  222. 

Lighthouse  Service,  coast  patrol,  105- 
106. 


Lima,  war  service  of  commercial  at- 
tach6  in,  192. 

Lime,  search  for,  113;  imports,  350. 

Lindh,  F.  P.,  “History  of  the  Aberdeen 
Proving  Ground,”  72. 

I.ingle,  Mrs.  T.  W.,  studies  by,  470. 

Linseed  oil,  report  re,  352. 

Liquidambar,  circular  re,  157. 

Liquidation  Commission,  creation  of,  93; 
report,  93. 

Liquor,  exportation  of,  95-96. 

Liquor  traffic,  hearing  on  bills  to  pro¬ 
hibit,  11;  war  powers  of  States  over, 
99. 

Live  stock,  legislation  re,  134;  increasing 
number  of,  140;  marketing,  165;  prices, 
269,  343;  records:  Missouri,  463;  Ne¬ 
vada,  465;  statistics,  173,  403. 

Live  stock  and  live-stock  products,  pro¬ 
duction,  sale,  and  distribution  of,  7. 

Live  stock  and  meats,  market  news  serv¬ 
ice  for,  164;  market  reports  on,  167- 
168. 

Live-stock  market,  federal  supervision, 
167,  171. 

Living  Conditions,  Commission  on,  func¬ 
tion,  248;  report,  248. 

Livingston,  George,  bulletin  by,  165. 

Lockwood,  case  against,  27. 

Locomotive  plants,  report  on,  350. 

London,  war  services  of  commercial  at- 
tach6  in,  191-192. 

Long  Island  City,  N.  Y.,  chemical  war¬ 
fare  service,  85. 

Longshoreman  strike,  232. 

Loomis,  W.  Ray,  editor,  4. 

Los  Angeles,  Calif.,  market  reports  on 
live  stock  and  meats  in,  168;  coopera¬ 
tive  office  of  Bureau  of  Foreign  and 
Domestic  Commerce  in,  191. 

Los  Angeles  Times,  indexed,  442. 

Louisiana,  cost  of  lumber  report,  266; 
petroleum  cost  report,  271;  publica¬ 
tions,  455-456;  women’s  labor,  456. 

Louisiana  in  the  War,  by  Herman  J. 
Seiferth,  456. 

Louisville,  Ky.,  gas  situation,  212. 

Love,  Albert  G.,  report  by,  13;  Defects 
Found  in  Drafted  Men,  87-88;  Statis¬ 
tics,  Medical  Department,  U.S.  Army, 
88. 

Lowell,  Mass.,  United  States  Cartridge 
Company  report,  64;  cartridges  pro¬ 
duced  at,  72. 


INDEX 


Lubin,  Isador,  bulletins  by,  179,  342,  343, 
390. 

Lumber,  protection  from  insects,  178; 
cost  reports,  265,  266,  351;  prices,  305, 
344,  349,  350;  price  fixing,  340,  346; 
production  for  civilian  consumption, 
350. 

Lumber  Committee,  minutes  of  meetings, 
366;  reports,  366. 

Lumber  Division,  minutes  of  meetings, 
366;  reports,  366. 

Lumber  industry,  by-products,  195;  un¬ 
rest  in,  239. 

Lumber,  lath,  and  shingles,  production  in 
1917,  149. 

Lumber  market,  monographs  re,  195,  199. 

Lumber  Section,  records,  366. 

Lumber  trade,  monograph  re,  202. 

Lumber  Used  in  the  Manufacture  of 
Wooden  Products,  by  J.  C.  Nellis,  149. 

Lundquist,  R.  A.,  monographs  by,  197, 
198. 

Lyman,  George  Hinckley,  Story  of  the 
Massachusetts  Committee  on  Public 
Safety,  468. 

Lynch,  Charles,  The  Surgeon  General’s 
Office,  88. 

McAdoo,  W.  G.,  addresses  by,  43;  state¬ 
ments  by,  421. 

McAfee,  Loy,  The  Surgeon  General’s  Of¬ 
fice,  88. 

McBride,  R.  S.,  papers  by,  209. 

McCall,  Samuel  Walker,  messages  of,  459. 

McCarthy,  case  of,  24. 

McCauley,  Edward,  paper  by.  111. 

McClure,  H.  B.,  bulletins  by,  153,  176, 
177. 

McDonald,  B.  A.,  bulletins  by,  445,  446. 

McDowell,  J.  C.,  article  by,  162;  bulle¬ 
tin  by,  162. 

MacElwee,  R.  S.,  monographs  by,  203. 

McGowan,  Samuel,  paper  by.  111. 

McKellar,  Senator,  memorandum  of,  13. 

McLarin,  H.  M.,  62. 

McLaughlin,  Andrew  C.,  The  Great  War, 
433. 

McLeod  et  al.,  case  of,  24. 

McNicholas,  J.  H.,  paper  by,  209. 

McVean,  J.  D.,  article  by,  162. 

Machine  tool  industry,  war  activities,  66. 

Machine  Tool  Section,  minutes  of  meet¬ 
ings,  366;  reports,  366. 

Madison,  Wis.,  Forests  Products  Labora¬ 


509 

tory,  65,  146;  big  guns  produced  at, 
72. 

Magnesia,  report  re,  362. 

Magnesite,  as  contraband,  30;  investiga¬ 
tions  re,  120;  effect  of  the  war  on, 
275;  imports,  350. 

Maguire,  A.  G.,  report  by,  414. 

Maine,  records  and  publications,  456. 

Manganese,  claims  on  account  of  losses 
in  producing,  97;  search  for,  113; 
studies  of  deposits  of,  114;  in  Arkan¬ 
sas,  116;  in  Montana,  116;  statements 
re,  118;  investigations  re,  120;  supply, 
121;  uses,  etc.,  122;  in  Latin  America, 
190;  procuring,  191;  cost  report,  267; 
effect  of  the  war  on,  275;  price  fixing, 
345;  status  of  industry  report,  352. 

Manila  rope,  report  re,  352. 

Mann,  C.  R.,  The  American  Spirit  in 
Education,  128. 

Manning,  Van.  H.,  War  Work  of  the  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Mines,  122. 

Mannite,  production  of,  157. 

Man  power,  reclamation  of,  338. 

Manufactured  commodities,  reduction  of 
varieties,  337. 

Manufactures,  New  York,  documents  re, 
467. 

Manufacturing  and  commercial  estab¬ 
lishments,  Michigan,  records,  460. 

Manufacturing  industries,  Indiana,  rec¬ 
ords,  461. 

Mare  Island,  equipment  of  navy  yard 
at,  105. 

Marine  and  dock  labor,  work,  wages,  and 
industrial  relations,  report,  286. 

Marine  cables,  federal  control,  24. 

Marine  Corps,  represented  in  the  Re¬ 
quirements  Division,  War  Industries 
Board,  336. 

Marine  Hospital  Service,  Public  Health 
Service  evolved  from,  38. 

Marine  transportation,  data  re,  408. 

Marketing,  cooperative,  167. 

Market  Reporter,  a  periodical,  167. 

Market  reports,  163,  168-170. 

Markets,  Bureau  of,  war  work,  164-165, 
171;  publications,  164-167;  records, 
168-171;  statistics  for,  189. 

Marshall,  F.  R.,  article  by,  162. 

Marshall,  L.  C.,  editor,  129. 

Marshall,  R.  C.,  Chief  of  Construction 
Division,  75. 

Martin,  John  H.,  bulletin  by,  154. 

Maryland,  grains  in,  154;  coal-cost  re- 


510 


INDEX 


port,  270;  power  report,  349;  dairy 
products,  409 ;  records,  456-457 ;  pub¬ 
lications,  458. 

Massachusetts,  attitude  toward  military 
service  of  aliens,  20;  opposition  to  U.S. 
Employment  Service,  21 ;  chemical  war¬ 
fare  service,  85;  records,  458;  news¬ 
papers,  458;  publications,  458-459. 

Massachusetts,  District  Court  for  Dis¬ 
trict  of,  action  against,  24. 

Massell,  J.  A.,  monographs  by,  195. 

Matches,  prices,  343. 

Matchett,  Esther  Pearl,  assistant  food- 
statistician,  401. 

Matheson,  K.  J.,  bulletin  by,  161. 

Mattox,  C.  W.,  Building  the  Emergency , 
Fleet,  287. 

Maxwell,  Lloyd  W.,  bulletins  by,  343. 

May’s  Landing,  N.  J.,  ordnance  school 
at,  63. 

Mead,  Elmwood,  Summary  of  Soldier 
Settlements  in  English-Speaking  Coun¬ 
tries,  125. 

Mead,  Mrs.  Albert  D.,  history  of 
Woman’s  Committee  by,  475. 

Meany,  Edmond  S.,  article  by,  481. 

Meat,  conservation  of,  140,  143,  160,  398, 
470;  production  and  distribution,  163, 
401;  prices,  343;  statistics,  403-404. 

Meat  Division,  Packers  Committee,  Food 
Administration,  war  work,  66. 

Meat-packing  establishments,  strike 
threatened,  239. 

Meat-packing  industry;  hearing  on  bill 
for  government  control  of,  16;  re¬ 
ports,  268. 

Meats,  monthly  surveys,  64;  increasing 
production,  147 ;  data  re,  408. 

Meat  supply,  increase  of,  151. 

Medical  and  hospital  supplies,  procure¬ 
ment,  87. 

Medical  College  of  Virginia,  war  his¬ 
tory,  479. 

Medical  Corps,  87. 

Medical  Department,  war  work,  87 ;  pub¬ 
lications,  87-88;  war  history,  88;  rec¬ 
ords,  89 ;  public  exhibit,  432. 

Medical  industry,  report  on,  351. 

Medical  Industry  Section,  minutes  of 
meetings,  367 ;  reports,  367. 

Medicine  and  Surgery,  Bureau  of.  Navy 
Department,  activities.  111. 

Mehl,  J.  M.,  article  by,  167. 

Meldrum,  W.  B.,  bulletins  by,  344. 

Melvin,  A.  D.,  bulletin  by,  161. 


Mendum,  S.  W.,  bulletin  by,  483. 

Merchant  marine,  statistics  re,  283;  so¬ 
cial  service,  286. 

Merchants  Association  of  New  York,  ap¬ 
peals  for  permission  for  importation 
of  azaleas,  32. 

Merchant  ships,  105,  106. 

Merchant  vessels,  manning,  186,  187 ;  an¬ 
nual  lists,  225-226. 

Mercia,  P.  D.,  papers  by,  209. 

Mercury,  investigations  re,  120. 

Meredith,  E.  T.,  summaries  of  activities 
of  Department  of  Agriculture  affected 
by  reduced  appropriations,  139. 

Merrill,  O.  C.,  report  by,  150-151. 

Merrill,  Paul  W.,  paper  by,  208. 

Merritt,  Albert  N.,  War  Time  Control 
and  Distribution  of  Foods,  400. 

Merritt,  Dixon,  Department  of  Agricul¬ 
ture  in  the  War,  184. 

Merz,  Carl,  summary  of  war  legislation 
by,  4;  First  Session  of  the  War  Conn 
gress,  434. 

Metal  industries,  German  property  in, 
427. 

Metallic  magnesium,  report  re,  352. 

Metcalf,  T.  Pryse,  bulletin  by,  161. 

Metol,  report  on  production  of,  157. 

Mica,  increasing  supply  of,  114;  investi¬ 
gations  re,  120;  reports  re,  351,  352, 
367. 

Michelson,  A.  A.,  paper  by,  208. 

Michigan,  chemical  warfare  service,  85; 
U.S.  District  Court,  Eastern  District 
of,  100;  bean  stocks  reported  by  dealers 
in,  158;  seed-corn  emergency  in,  158; 
coal-cost  report,  270;  records,  460;  pub¬ 
lications,  460-461. 

“Michigan  in  the  Great  War,”  460,  461. 

“Michigan  War  Legislation,”  by  C.  H. 
Landrum,  461. 

Middaugh,  Florence  K.,  bulletin  by,  342. 

Miles,  Frank  C.,  Fiber  Flax,  153. 

Military  Aeronautics,  Division  of,  66,  83; 
Director’s  report,  83;  history,  83,  84. 

Military  and  naval  establishments,  rec¬ 
ords:  Alabama,  440;  Kentucky,  455; 
Maryland,  457;  Michigan,  460;  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  474;  Virginia,  480. 

Military  Optical  Glass  and  Instruments 
Section,  reports,  352,  367 ;  minutes  of 
meetings,  367. 

Milk,  conservation,  160,  161. 

Milk  and  cream  distributors,  licensing, 
406. 


INDEX 


511 


Milk  and  milk  products,  report  on,  269. 

Milk  cost  survey,  Maryland,  457. 

Milk  goats,  bulletin  re,  161. 

Milk  prices,  monthly  report  of,  169. 

Miller,  Fred  E.,  bulletin  by,  165. 

Miller,  H.  A.,  bulletin  by,  176. 

Miller,  John  M.,  paper  by,  208. 

Miller,  Sidney  T.,  article  by,  460. 

Mill  feeds,  records,  410. 

Milwaukee,  Wis.,  wheat,  171. 

Milwaukee  County  Council  of  Defense, 
report,  482. 

Milwaukee  Publishing  Company,  case  of, 
27. 

Mineral  acids,  prices,  344. 

Mineral  commodities,  records  re,  116-117. 

Mineral  industries,  effects  of  the  war  on, 

115,  116,  275. 

Mineral  Industries  of  the  United  States, 
reports,  212. 

Mineral  resources,  annual  reports,  115- 

116. 

Minerals,  search  for  new  deposits,  113; 
production  and  distribution,  115. 

Mineral  Supplies,  bulletin,  116. 

Mineral  waters,  imports,  350. 

Mines,  Bureau  of,  war  work,  65-66; 
chemical  warfare  service,  85;  func¬ 
tions,  118-119,  122;  organization,  119- 
121 ;  connection  with  Geological  Sur¬ 
vey,  120;  publications,  121-122;  rec¬ 
ords,  123,  416. 

Mine  M''orkers  of  America,  attitude  to¬ 
ward  the  war,  20. 

Mining  and  Metallurgical  Society  of 
America,  connection  with  Bureau  of 
Mines,  120. 

Minneapolis,  Minn.,  reports  of  Federal 
Reserve  district,  277 ;  industrial  sur¬ 
vey,  353;  headquarters  Capital  Issues 
district  committee,  425 ;  Civic  and  Com¬ 
merce  Association,  reports  by,  461; 
War  Camp  Community  Service,  462. 

Minnesota,  marketing  practices  of  cream¬ 
eries  in,  166;  records,  461-462;  publi¬ 
cations,  462;  newspaper  clippings,  462. 

Minnesota  Commission  of  Public  Safety, 
records,  461,  462;  Report,  462;  bulle¬ 
tin,  462. 

Minnesota  in  the  War,  462. 

Minnick,  Arthur,  bulletin  by,  344;  prices, 
344. 

Miscellaneous  Section,  War  Industries 
Board,  minutes  of  meetings,  368;  re¬ 
ports,  368. 


Mississippi,  subscriptions  to  fourth  Lib¬ 
erty  loan,  44;  negro  migration  from, 
250;  cost  of  lumber  report,  266;  rec¬ 
ords,  462. 

Mississippi  River,  revival  of  traffic  on, 
463. 

Missouri,  Stoats  Zeitung,  23;  subscrip¬ 
tions  to  fourth  Liberty  loan,  44;  power 
reports,  349;  records  and  publications, 

463. 

Mitchell,  Lawrence,  414. 

Mitchell,  Wesley  C.,  bulletins,  342,  390. 

Mixter,  G.  W.,  Aircraft  Production  Facts, 
84. 

Mohair,  price  report,  349;  cost  report, 
351. 

Molasses  and  sirup  industry,  licensing, 
405. 

Molybdenum,  studies  of  deposits  of,  114; 
investigations  re,  120;  imports,  350; 
report  re,  352. 

Mondell  bill,  purpose  of,  124;  reports 
on,  125;  efforts  to  create  sentiment  in 
favor  of,  125. 

Monroe,  C.  E.,  bulletin  by,  122. 

Monroe,  N.  C.,  industrial  survey,  353. 

Montana,  manganese  in,  116;  reclamation 
fund  from,  123;  manganese-ore  cost 
report,  267 ;  utilization  of  man  power, 

464. 

Montavon,  William,  monographs  by,  202. 

Monthly  Labor  Review,  articles  in,  230- 
232,  235,  236,  238,  239,  241,  244,  246, 
249. 

Moore,  Blaine  F.,  monograph  by,  203; 
economic  study  by,  390. 

Moore,  C.  T.,  bulletin  by,  165. 

Moore,  H.  F.,  economic  circulars  by, 
219. 

Moorehouse,  L.  A.,  bulletin  by,  177. 

Morale,  service  for  sustaining,  102;  stimu¬ 
lation  of,  250;  support,  429. 

Morder,  E.  B.,  article  by,  75. 

Morgan,  H.  P.,  article  by,  167. 

Morse,  W.  J.,  bulletin  by,  155;  article 
by,  156. 

Moses,  F.  G.,  bulletin  by,  122. 

Motor  Transportation  for  Rural  Districts, 
by  J.  H.  Collins,  166. 

Motor  Transport  Corps,  creation  of,  53, 
79;  excluded  from  the  Transportation 
Service,  77 ;  organization  and  func¬ 
tions,  79-80;  publications,  81;  records, 
81-82. 

Motor  transport  service,  records  re,  330. 


512 


INDEX 


Motor  trucks,  marketing  by,  164;  report 
re,  352. 

Motor  truck  wheels,  paper  re,  210. 

Mueller,  H.  P.,  paper  by,  210. 

MuUendore,  William,  report  by,  400. 

Munitions,  manufacture  of,  113. 

Munitions,  Manufacturing,  and  Indus¬ 
trial  Relations,  Committee  on,  origin, 
332. 

Munitions  Standards  Board,  69,  319, 
368. 

Munro,  Dana  C.,  Oerman  War  Practices, 
435. 

Murphey,  Elizabeth,  monograph  by,  203; 
economic  study  by,  390. 

Muscle  Shoals,  Ala.,  ordnance  school  at, 
63. 

Muskegon,  Mich.,  Kiwanis  Club,  20. 

Musser,  R.  B.,  bulletin  by,  445. 

Mutton,  campaign  to  increase  production 
of,  160. 

Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  western  wheat,  171; 
Kiwanis  Club,  report,  476. 

National  Adjustment  Committee,  papers 
of,  66;  chairman’s  report,  286. 

National  Agricultural  Advisory  Commit¬ 
tee,  136. 

National  banks,  observations  on,  43; 
problems  re,  43. 

National  banks  and  the  war,  article  re, 
278. 

National  Board  for  Historical  Service, 
430. 

National  farm  loan  associations,  charter¬ 
ing  of,  36-37 ;  opinion  of  Attorney  Gen¬ 
eral  affecting,  96. 

National  forests,  use  of,  in  war  time,  151. 

National  Geographic  Society,  cooperation 
with  Bureau  of  Education,  127. 

National  German-American  Alliance, 
committee  hearing  on  biU  re,  11. 

National  Guard,  camps  for,  73. 

National  Industrial  Conference,  article 
re,  232. 

National  Industrial  Conference  Board, 
nominations  by,  240. 

National  Labor  Conference,  report  of 
proceedings,  236. 

National  League  for  Women’s  Services, 
records:  New  Jersey,  465;  Virginia, 
479,  480;  Wisconsin,  482. 

National  Museum,  reports,  212. 

National  Petroleum  War  Service  Com¬ 


mittee,  cooperation  with  Oil  Division, 
Fuel  Administration,  412-413. 

National  Popular  Government  League, 
report  by  a  committee  of  lawyers  on 
behalf  of,  11. 

National  Research  Council,  relations 
with  Bureau  of  Mines,  118,  119,  120; 
cooperation  of  Bureau  of  Standards 
with,  206 ;  membership,  322 ;  duties, 
322-323;  organization,  323;  reports, 
326;  bulletins,  326. 

National  School  Service,  a  periodical, 
127. 

National  Security  League,  investigation 
of,  18-19. 

National  Shipping  Association,  records, 
291. 

National  War  Labor  Board,  report  re, 
229;  functions,  241-242;  awards,  242, 
243,  244-245;  publications,  242-244;  rec¬ 
ords,  244-245;  newspaper  clippings  re, 
245. 

National  War-Savings  Committee,  or¬ 
ganization  of,  36. 

National  waste  reclamation  system,  338. 

National  Woman’s  Liberty  Loan  Com¬ 
mittee,  functions,  36;  reports,  43,  44. 

Naturalization,  Bureau  of,  war  work, 
233 ;  annual  reports,  233. 

Naturalization,  Commission  of,  annual 
reports,  233. 

Naval  Consulting  Board,  organization, 
106;  publications,  110-111. 

Naval  districts,  organization,  105-106, 
109;  history,  111-112. 

Naval  Intelligence,  Office  of,  history.  111. 

Naval  Operations,  Chief  of,  in  liaison 
with  Chief  of  Transportation  Service, 
77. 

Naval  Overseas  Transportation  Service, 
establishment  and  operation,  106;  his¬ 
tory,  111. 

Naval  Records  and  Library,  Office  of. 
Historical  Section,  records.  111. 

Naval  stores,  prices,  344;  memorandum 
on,  350. 

Navigation,  Bureau  of,  war  work,  225; 
publications,  225-226;  records,  226. 

Navy  and  the  World  War,  Digest  Cata¬ 
logue  of  Laws  and  Joint  Resolutions, 
110. 

Navy,  Secretary  of  the,  member  of  Inter¬ 
departmental  Social  Hygiene  Board, 
39;  advised  by  Aircraft  Board,  82; 


INDEX 


513 


annual  reports,  110;  member  of  Coun¬ 
cil  of  National  Defense,  318;  member 
of  Committee  on  Public  Information, 
429. 

Na^■y  Department,  relation  with  Council 
of  National  Defense,  11;  relation  of 
State  Department  with,  28;  monthly 
survey,  66;  war  activities  of  each  of 
the  several  bureaus,  66;  functions,  104- 
109;  cooperation  with  the  War  De¬ 
partment,  105;  Bureau  of  Ordnance, 
operations,  107;  relations  with  War 
Industries  Board,  108;  medical  depart¬ 
ment,  109;  training,  109;  publications, 
110;  records.  111;  cooperation  of  Geo¬ 
logical  Survey  with,  115;  cooperation 
of  Bureau  of  Mines  with,  118,  121; 
cooperation  of  Forest  Service  with, 
147;  cooperation  of  Bureau  of  Ento¬ 
mology  with,  178;  cooperation  of  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Standards  with,  207,  211,  212; 
cooperation  of  Bureau  of  Census  with, 
214;  transfer  of  lighthouse  tenders  to, 
220-221;  cooperation  of  Steamboat-In¬ 
spection  Service  with,  223;  cooperation 
of  Bureau  of  Navigation  (D.  C.) 
with,  225 ;  industrial  relations,  227 ; 
represented  on  War  Labor  Policies 
Board,  245;  cost  reports  to,  265;  co¬ 
operation  in  the  conservation  of  ton¬ 
nage,  290;  relations  of  War  Industries 
Board  with,  333,  353;  administration 
of  price  control,  342 ;  contact  with 
War  Trade  Board,  380,  383;  coopera¬ 
tion  with  Committee  on  Public  Infor¬ 
mation,  431;  public  exhibit,  432. 

Navy  Ordnance  Activities,  110. 

Nebraska,  reclamation  fund  from,  123; 
records  and  publications,  464. 

Negro  at  Work  during  the  World  War 
and  during  Reconstruction,  a  report, 
250. 

Negro  Economics,  Division  of,  functions, 
249 ;  publications,  250 ;  investigations 
for,  252. 

Negro  migration,  reports  re,  250. 

Negro  Women  in  Industry,  256. 

Nellis,  J.  C.,  bulletin  by,  149. 

Nelson,  John  H.,  report  by,  148. 

Nevada,  reclamation  fund  from,  123; 
records  and  publications,  464-465. 

Newburn,  Naomi,  circular  by,  450. 

New  England,  supply  of  spruce,  104; 
ship-operations  district,  282 ;  geographi¬ 


cal  division  of  the  Red  Cross,  315; 
power  reports,  349;  wheatless  week  in, 
408;  fuel  administration,  413. 

New  England  shipbuilding  conference, 
report,  286. 

New  England  Telephone  Company,  case 
against,  24. 

New  Hampshire,  records  and  publica¬ 
tions,  465. 

New  Hampshire  Committee  on  Public 
Safety,  history,  465. 

New  Haven,  Conn.,  Winchester  Repeat¬ 
ing  Arms  Company,  report,  64. 

New  Jersey,  gas  proving  groimds,  85; 
records,  465-466;  newspapers,  466. 

Newlin,  J.  A.,  bulletin  by,  149. 

New  London,  Conn.,  submarine  base  at, 
105;  anti-submarine  experimental  sta¬ 
tion,  106. 

New  Mexico,  reclamation  fund  from,  123; 
records  and  publications,  466;  news¬ 
papers,  466. 

New  Orleans,  La.,  zone  finance  oflBcer, 
93;  oflBce  of  Bureau  of  Foreign  and 
Domestic  Commerce  in,  190. 

Newport,  R.  I.,  tori>edo  station  at,  105; 
emergency  hospital  buildings  erected 
at,  109. 

Newport  News,  Va.,  port  of  embarkation, 
history,  59;  port  headquarters  of  Naval 
Overseas  Transportation  Service,  106. 

Newport  News  Shipbuilding  and  Dry- 
dock  Company,  history,  478. 

News,  Division  of,  service,  430. 

Newspaper  print  industry,  investigation 
of,  12. 

News  print  paper,  price  fixing,  101. 

Newton,  Roy  L.,  article  by,  167. 

New  York,  Deutscher  Liederkrantz,  loy¬ 
alty  of,  20;  Merchants  Association  in 
favor  of  food  control,  20;  zone  supply 
oflBce,  67 ;  port  of,  historical  data  re, 
59;  medical  supply  depot,  60;  Indus¬ 
trial  Service  Section,  Army  Ordnance, 
report,  65;  district  ordnance  oflBce  at, 
67,  72;  Regional  Advisor,  Region  No. 
3,  report,  68;  zone  finance  oflBcer,  93; 
charge  to  jury  U.S.  district  court, 
northern  district  of,  100;  equipment  of 
navy  yard  at,  105;  port  headquarters 
of  Naval  Overseas  Transportation 
Service,  106;  market  reports  on  live 
stock  and  meats  in,  168;  market  re¬ 
ports  on  dairy  products  in,  169;  of- 


514 


INDEX 


fice  of  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domes¬ 
tic  Commerce  in,  190;  longshoremen 
strike,  232;  Federal  Reserve  district, 
reports,  227 ;  power  reports,  349 ;  head¬ 
quarters  of  Capital  Issues  district  com¬ 
mittee,  425 ;  records,  466-467 ;  publi¬ 
cations,  467-469;  Committee  on  Na¬ 
tional  Defense,  469. 

New  York  harbor  employees,  article  re, 
231;  wage  adjustment,  231. 

New  York  Supreme  Court,  Appellate 
Division,  opinion  re  war  powers  of 
States  over  liquor  traffic,  99. 

Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y.,  proposed  employ¬ 
ment  of  women  in  industries  of,  255; 
industrial  survey,  353. 

Niblack,  A.  P.,  paper  by.  111. 

Nichols,  F.  G.,  monograph  by,  203. 

Nichols,  Mrs.  Jeanette  P.,  vii. 

Nickel,  export  regulation,  94;  supply, 
121;  imports,  350. 

Nitrate,  supply,  121. 

Nitrate  of  soda,  sale  to  farmers,  137 ; 
purchase  and  distribution,  165;  report 
re,  352. 

Nitrates,  search  for,  113;  investigation 
of  reported  deposits  of,  114;  imports, 

350. 

Nitrate  Section,  reports,  368. 

Nitric  acid,  production  of,  118,  213;  price 
report,  349. 

Nitrogen,  fixation,  73,  122,  180-181. 

Nitro,  W.  Va.,  ordnance  school  at,  63. 

Non-ferrous  metals,  price  fixing,  345. 

Non-Ferrous  Metals  Section,  reports, 

351,  368;  minutes  of  meetings,  368. 

Norfolk,  Va.,  meeting  at,  67;  emer¬ 
gency  hospital  buildings  erected  at, 
109. 

Norfolk  Navy  Yard,  equipment,  105; 
manufacture  of  mines  at,  107. 

North  Atlantic,  ship-operation  district, 
282. 

North  Carolina,  tin  resources,  116;  negro 
migration  from,  250;  power  reports, 
349;  records,  469-470;  publications, 
470. 

North  Dakota,  case  against,  23;  reclama¬ 
tion  fund  from,  123;  grains  for,  154; 
seed  corn  emergency  in,  158;  records, 
470;  publications,  471. 

Northern  Pacific  Railway  Company,  case 
of,  23. 

Norton,  Thomas  H.,  monographs  by,  194, 
195,  198. 


Notestein,  Wallace,  Conquest  and  Kul- 
tur,  435. 

Nuts,  prices,  343. 

Oats,  prices,  173,  343;  statistics,  403. 

O’Brian,  John  Lord,  Civil  Liberty  in  War 
Times,  100. 

Odell,  Ralph  M.,  monographs  by,  195,  196, 
197. 

Office  Review,  War  Industries  Board, 
345. 

Officers’  training  camps,  records,  61. 

Official  U.8.  Bulletin,  press  releases  pub¬ 
lished  in,  407 ;  purposes  of,  430 ;  con¬ 
tents,  433. 

O’Higgins,  Harvey,  The  German  Whis- 
per,  435. 

Ohio,  seed  corn  emergency  in,  158;  oU- 
cost  reports,  270;  power  report,  349; 
difficulties  of  corn  shippers  in,  409; 
records,  471-472;  newspapers,  472. 

Oil,  cost  reports,  265,  266;  prices,  350, 
412,  414. 

OU  Division,  Fuel  Administration,  func¬ 
tions,  412. 

OUs,  lubricating,  cables  re,  63. 

Oils  and  fats,  data  re,  408. 

Oklahoma,  reclamation  fund  from,  123; 
petroleum-cost  report,  271 ;  seed  wheat, 
408;  records,  472. 

Oleomargarine  manufacturers,  licensing, 
406. 

Olmsted,  Frederick  Law,  article  by,  249. 

Omaha,  Neb.,  zone  finance  officer,  93. 

Optical  glass,  production  of,  66;  manu¬ 
facture  of,  72-73;  procuring,  191;  inves¬ 
tigations  re,  207 ;  scientific  paper  re, 
208;  effect  of  the  war  on,  275;  condi¬ 
tion  of  industry  report,  351. 

Optical  instruments,  circular  re,  210. 

Ordnance,  inquiry  into  progress  in  pro¬ 
viding,  12-13;  supplies  and  contracts, 
18;  report  re,  50;  statistics,  53;  In¬ 
dustrial  Service  Section,  reports,  64,  65 ; 
accounts  of  operations  of  divisions, 
sections,  and  field  officers,  66-67 ;  dis¬ 
trict  offices,  history,  72. 

Ordnance  and  ordnance  stores,  price  lists, 
71. 

Ordnance,  Arms,  and  Ammunition  Sec¬ 
tion,  minutes  of  meetings,  368;  re¬ 
ports,  368. 

Ordnance,  Chief  of,  annual  reports,  71. 

Ordnance  Department,  report  re  task  of, 
53;  organization  and  functions,  70; 


INDEX 


property  regulations,  71;  publications, 
71;  records,  73;  chemical  warfare  serv¬ 
ice,  85;  investigations  for,  252;  public 
exhibit,  432. 

Ordnance  schools,  63,  71. 

Oregon,  reclamation  fund  from,  123; 
cost  of  lumber  report,  266;  records, 
472-473. 

Oregon  Agricultural  College,  publica¬ 
tions,  473. 

Orton,  \V.  A.,  bulletins  by,  154. 

Ottawa,  Canada,  district  ordnance  office 
at,  67. 

Ousley,  Clarence,  letter  by,  138;  state¬ 
ment  by,  138. 

Overman,  Senator,  letter  to,  11. 

Oxygen,  report  re,  352. 

Oysters,  prices,  343. 

Pacific  Coast,  ship-operation  district, 
282. 

Packing-house  industries,  labor  award  in, 
231;  arbitration,  239. 

Packing-house  products,  history,  67. 

Paint  and  Pigment  Section,  reports,  351, 
369;  minutes  of  meetings,  368. 

Paint  and  varnish,  circular  re,  210. 

Paints,  prices,  344. 

Palmer,  A.  Mitchell,  Red  Radicalism,  100. 

Palmer  et  al.,  case  against,  27. 

Paper,  conservation  of,  203;  prices,  305, 
343,  350;  price  fixing,  345;  cost  re¬ 
port,  351;  status  of  industry  report, 
352. 

Paper  industry,  cost  reports,  271. 

Paris,  services  of  commercial  attach^  in, 
192. 

Parker,  Walter,  Inland  Water  Transpor¬ 
tation,  187 ;  Inland  Waterway  Terminal 
Development,  187. 

Parks,  K.  E.,  bulletin  by,  161. 

Passenger  vessels,  conference  for  de¬ 
creasing  destruction  by  fire,  187. 

Patent  Office,  summary  of  war  work,  66. 

Paton,  William  A.,  monograph  by,  203. 

Patriotic  societies,  reports  by,  440. 

Patton,  John,  The  University  of  Vir¬ 
ginia  in  the  World  War,  480. 

Patton,  William  A.,  economic  study  by, 
390. 

Paxson,  Frederick  L.,  article  by,  xxxix-xl; 
War  Cyclopedia,  435. 

Paymaster  General,  navy,  member  of 
Requirements  Division,  War  Industries 
Board,  108. 


515 

Peabody,  F.  S.,  enforcement  of  explo¬ 
sives  regulations,  122. 

Peace  Conference,  data  prepared  for, 
150,  245. 

Peanut  industry,  status  of,  156;  survey 
of,  275. 

Peanut  Oil,  by  Thompson  and  Bailey, 
153. 

Peanuts  and  peanut  products,  statistics, 
404. 

Peanuts  as  an  American  food,  175. 

Pearl,  Raymond,  food  statistician,  401. 

Peltason,  Paul  E.,  bulletin  by,  343. 

Penniman,  Va.,  ordnance  school  at,  63. 

Pennington,  M.  E.,  bulletins  by,  175. 

Pennsylvania,  cost  of  hemlock  lumber  re¬ 
port,  266;  coal-cost  reports,  270;  geo¬ 
graphical  division  of  the  Red  Cross, 
316;  power  reports,  349;  records,  473; 
publications,  474;  newspapers,  474. 

Pennsylvania  Hospital  Unit,  history,  89. 

Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  case  of, 
26. 

Pennypacker,  J.  E.,  article  by,  183. 

Pensacola,  Fla.,  emergency  hospital 
buildings  erected  at,  109;  naval  air 
station  at,  112. 

Pensacola  Shipbuilding  Company,  rec¬ 
ords,  446. 

Pensacola  War  Camp  Community  Serv¬ 
ice,  records,  446. 

Peoria,  Ill.,  power  situation,  349. 

Perry ville,  Md.,  ordnance  schools  at,  63; 
housing,  65;  production  of  amatol  at, 
72. 

PerryvlUe  Ammonium  Nitrate  Plant, 
records,  467. 

Peters,  Iva  Lowther,  Agencies  for  the 
Sale  of  Cooked  Foods  without  Profit, 
325. 

Petitions,  to  Congress,  19. 

Petroleum,  cables  re,  63;  monthly  state¬ 
ments  of  production  and  consumption, 
117;  investigations,  122;  resources  in 
I.atin  America,  190;  cost  reports,  270- 
271;  stimulating  production,  412;  Cali¬ 
fornia,  443. 

Petroleum  and  its  products,  prices,  343. 

Petroleum  industry,  study  of,  118. 

Petroleum  products,  distribution  of,  412. 

Pettigrew,  R.  L.,  bulletin  by,  149. 

Philadelphia,  Pa.,  prices  of  food  in,  7 ; 
lAimberman’s  Exchange  in  favor  of  a 
board  of  war  control,  21 ;  district  ord¬ 
nance  office  at,  67,  72;  kinds  of  ord- 


516 


INDEX 


nance  produced,  72;  zone  finance  offi¬ 
cer,  93;  aircraft  factory,  104;  equip¬ 
ment  of  navy  yard  at,  105;  educa¬ 
tional  conference  in,  132;  market  re¬ 
ports  on  live  stock  and  meats  in,  168; 
market  reports  on  dairy  products  in, 
169;  office  of  Bureau  of  Foreign  and 
Domestic  Commerce  in,  191 ;  influenza 
and  pneumonia  in,  216;  wages  of  candy 
makers,  265;  Federal  Reserve  district, 
reports,  277 ;  ship-operation  district, 
282 ;  Construction  Division  of  Emer¬ 
gency  Fleet  Corporation  located  at, 
308;  headquarters  of  Capital  Issues 
district  committee,  425. 

Philipp,  Emanuel  L.,  messages  of,  482. 

Philips,  W.  J.,  bulletin  by,  179. 

Phosphoric  acid,  volatilization  of,  181. 

Pickrell,  E.  R.,  monograph  by,  203. 

Pictorial  publicity,  431. 

Pierce  et  al.,  case  of,  26. 

Pierce,  W.  Dwight,  179. 

Pierson,  Albert  H.,  bulletin  by,  149. 

Piez,  Charles,  report  by,  283. 

Pig  clubs,  160. 

“Pig  clubs  and  the  swine  industry,”  by 
J.  D.  McVean,  162. 

Pig  Lead  Producers,  U.S.,  war  service 
committee,  history  of,  66. 

Pine,  southern,  price  report,  349. 

Piper,  C.  V.,  bulletin  by,  153. 

Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  citizen  of,  asks  for  con¬ 
trol  of  profiteering  and  for  prohibi¬ 
tion,  20;  Industrial  Service  Section, 
Army  Ordnance,  report,  65;  district 
ordnance  office  at,  67,  72;  kinds  of 
ordnance  produced,  72;  market  reports 
on  live  stock  and  meats  in,  168;  fuel  ad¬ 
ministration  district,  413. 

Pixley,  R.  B.,  Wiscomin  in  the  World 
War,  482. 

Planning  and  Statistics,  Central  Bureau 
of,  monthly  surveys,  64;  fuel  and  pe¬ 
troleum  statistics,  66;  functions,  67- 
68;  bulletins,  68;  Weekly  Statistical 
News,  68. 

Planning  and  Statistics  Division,  War 
Industries  Board,  operations,  340-341; 
organization,  341;  buUetins,  345-346. 

Plant  Industry,  Bureau  of,  functions, 
151-152;  war  activities,  152-156;  pub¬ 
lications,  152-156;  records,  156-159. 

Platinum,  search  for,  114;  investigations 
re,  120;  in  Latin  America,  190;  pro¬ 


curing,  191;  price  fixing,  340;  report 
re,  352. 

Platinum,  Gold,  and  Silver  Section,  rul¬ 
ings,  369;  reports,  369. 

Platinum  metals,  price  fixing,  345. 

Plumbago-Graphite  Association,  contact 
with  War  Trade  Board,  380. 

Pogue,  Joseph  E.,  bulletin  by,  343;  re¬ 
port  by,  414. 

Political  prisoners,  amnesty  and  pardon 
for,  11. 

PoUock,  Ivan  L.,  The  Food  Administra¬ 
tion  in  Iowa,  453. 

Pontiac,  Mich.,  industrial  survey,  363. 

Pork,  cables  re,  63;  production  of,  183; 
program  for  increasing  production, 
138;  campaign  to  increase  production, 
160. 

Portland,  Ore.,  cooperative  office  of  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Com¬ 
merce  in,  191;  industrial  survey,  353. 

Ports  and  port  facilities,  records,  298. 

Portsmouth,  N.  H.,  emergency  hospital 
buildings  erected  at,  109. 

Portsmouth,  Ohio,  industrial  survey, 
353. 

Post,  Louis  F.,  A  War  of  Self-Defense, 
434. 

Postmaster  General;  requests  an  opinion 
of  Attorney  General,  98;  administers 
control  of  telegraph  and  telephone 
lines,  102;  reports,  103. 

Post  Office  Department;  war  activities, 
102;  cooperation  with  the  Treasury 
Department,  103;  cooperation  with  the 
Department  of  Justice,  103;  coopera¬ 
tion  with  the  Alien  Property  Cus¬ 
todian,  103;  publications,  103;  coopera¬ 
tion  with  Bureau  of  Standards,  212; 
and  the  Western  Union,  343;  contact 
with  War  Trade  Board,  380,  382,  383. 

Potash,  search  for,  113;  increasing  sup¬ 
ply,  114;  investigations  re,  114,  118, 
120;  publications  re,  182. 

Potash  industry,  efforts  to  establish,  181; 
effect  of  the  war  on,  275. 

Potatoes,  ample  supply  needed,  137 ;  crop 
affected  by  shortage  of  potash,  162; 
bulletins  re,  154,  156;  production  and 
consumption,  173;  utilization  of,  176; 
statistics,  403;  proposed  campaign  re, 
409. 

Potato-product  industries,  survey  of,  275. 

Potter,  Alden  A.,  bulletin  by,  155. 

Potts,  Roy  C.,  bulletins  by,  165,  166. 


INDEX 


Poultry,  appeal  for  more  hens  and  more 
eggs,  137;  campaign  to  increase  pro¬ 
duction,  160;  article  re,  162;  food  for, 
218;  prices,  343. 

Poultry  clubs,  160. 

Poultry  distributors,  licensing,  406. 

Powder,  census  of  distribution,  214. 

Powell,  Fred  W.,  monograph  by,  199. 

Powell,  Ola,  bulletin  by,  141. 

Power,  economies  in,  401. 

Power  plants,  survey  of,  337. 

Power  Report,  a  periodical,  117. 

Power  reports,  349. 

Power  Section,  minutes  of  meetings,  369; 
reports,  369. 

Power  Situation  during  the  War,  by 
Charles  KeUer,  349. 

Pratt,  Edward  Ewing,  monographs  by, 

201,  202. 

President’s  Mediation  Commission,  func¬ 
tions,  239;  publications,  239. 

Price,  David  J.,  bulletin  by,  175. 

Price  bulletins,  342-344. 

Price  fixing,  limitation  of,  22;  Navy  De¬ 
partment,  108-109;  records  re,  330. 

Price-Fixing  Bulletins,  345. 

Price  Fixing  Committee,  War  Industries 
Board,  membership,  338,  339-340; 

operations,  340;  minutes  of  meetings, 
347-348,  369;  reports  for,  349;  resolu¬ 
tions  and  rulings,  369;  reports,  370. 

Price  interpretation  committee,  409. 

Price  interpreting,  410. 

Price  lists,  Wyoming,  483. 

Price  regulation,  by  Food  Administra¬ 
tion,  64. 

Prices,  investigations  re,  xxxviii;  stabiliz¬ 
ing,  96,  186,  398;  lumber,  149;  farm 
products,  172;  monographs  re,  201, 
202;  bulletins,  232;  How  Much  Will 
Prices  Fall?  251 ;  farm  implements,  270; 
movements  of,  278;  Indexes  of,  278;  rec¬ 
ords,  305;  fixing  of,  340;  reports  on, 
341,  404;  summary  of,  342;  govern¬ 
ment  control  over,  342,  390;  compari¬ 
son  with  prices  during  the  Civil  War, 
346;  responsibility  re,  354;  alleged  con¬ 
spiracy  to  raise,  409;  regulation  of, 
412;  food  commodities,  Wisconsin, 
482. 

Prices,  Committee  on.  Food  Administra¬ 
tion,  minutes  of,  401. 

Prices  and  cost  of  living,  230. 

Prices  and  farm  profits,  Wisconsin,  483. 


517 

Prices  during  the  War,  History  of,  bulle¬ 
tins,  341,  342-344. 

Priorities,  records,  301. 

Priorities  Board,  membership,  339;  func¬ 
tions,  339;  records,  370. 

Priorities  Commissioner,  duties,  339. 

Priorities  Committee,  membership,  339; 
functions,  339;  rules  and  regulations, 
345;  rulings,  370;  reports,  370. 

Priorities  Division,  functions  and  admin¬ 
istration,  338-339 ;  rules  and  regula¬ 
tions,  342;  minutes  of  meetings,  370. 

Production,  economical  methods,  xxxviii. 

Production  Committee,  reports,  370. 

Profiteering,  elimination  of,  398;  prose¬ 
cution  for,  406 ;  records,  441 ;  Ohio, 
472. 

Provost  Marshal  General,  office  of  the, 
organization  and  functions,  90;  pub¬ 
lications,  90-91;  records,  91-92;  co¬ 
operation  of  Bureau  of  Census  with, 
214,  215-216. 

Pryor,  W.  L.,  bulletin  by,  173. 

Public  Health  Service,  organization,  38- 
39;  operations,  40,  41;  publications,  47- 
49;  reports  of  conferences  with,  49; 
assists  medical  department  of  the  navy, 
109. 

Public  Health  Service  Reserve,  organiza¬ 
tion  of,  39-40. 

Public  Information,  Conunittee  on,  rela¬ 
tion  of  State  Department  with,  28; 
cooperation  of  Bureau  of  Education 
with,  126,  127;  membership,  429;  func¬ 
tions,  429,  434;  organization,  429^2; 
public  exhibit,  432;  publications,  432- 
436;  records,  436-438. 

Public  opinion,  mobilization  of,  429; 
America’s  fight  for,  433;  records;  Cali¬ 
fornia,  442;  Michigan,  460;  Pennsyl¬ 
vania,  473;  Virginia,  479. 

Public  Roads,  articles  in,  183. 

Public  Roads,  Bureau  of, .  cooperation 
with  U.S.  Highways  Council,  182;  pub¬ 
lications,  182-183. 

Public  Safety,  Committee  on,  Maine,  456; 
Massachusetts,  458. 

Public  sentiment  and  morale,  Illinois, 
449. 

Public  Service  Reserve,  U.S.,  236;  West 
Virginia,  481. 

Pulp  and  Paper  Division,  minutes  of 
meetings,  370;  reports,  370,  371. 

Pulpwood  Consumption  and  Wood-Pulp 


518 


INDEX 


Production  in  1917,  by  Franklin  H. 
Smith,  149. 

Purchase,  Director  of,  history  of  ofloice 
of,  58. 

Purchase  and  Storage  Division,  records, 
57-60. 

Purchase,  Storage,  and  Traffic  Division, 
organization  and  operations,  53;  pub¬ 
lications,  54-55. 

Pyrites,  claims  on  account  of  losses  in 
producing,  97;  effects  of  the  war  on, 
275. 

Quaintance,  A.  L.,  bulletin  by,  179. 

Quartermaster  activities,  report  re,  50. 

Quartermaster,  Chief,  report  of,  58. 

Quartermaster  Corps,  history,  59;  public 
exhibit,  432. 

Quartermaster  General,  annual  reports, 
55. 

Quartermaster  General’s  Department,  co¬ 
operation  of  Bureau  of  Entomology 
with,  178. 

Quicksilver,  effect  of  the  war  on,  275; 
price  report,  349;  imports,  350;  re¬ 
port  re,  350. 

Rabild,  Helmer,  bulletin  by,  161. 

Racine,  Wis.,  industrial  survey,  353. 

Radcliffe,  Lewis,  economic  circulars  by, 
219,  220. 

Radio  communication,  investigations  re, 
207. 

Radio  instruments,  circular  re,  210. 

Radio  subjects,  data  re,  211. 

Rags,  price  fixing,  340,  345;  price  re¬ 
port,  349,  350. 

Railroad  Administration,  an  emergency 
establishment,  xxxvi;  relation  with  the 
Transportation  Service,  77,  79;  opinion 
of  Attorney  General  affecting,  96;  co¬ 
operation  of  Forest  Service  with,  147 ; 
represented  in  the  U.S.  Highways 
Council,  182;  cooperation  of  district 
offices  of  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Do¬ 
mestic  Conunerce  with,  191;  coopera¬ 
tion  of  Bureau  of  Standards  with,  206; 
cooperation  of  Bureau  of  Census  with, 
214;  orders  fixing  wages,  231;  wage 
increases  to  piece  workers,  231;  work 
of  Women’s  service  section,  231;  rep¬ 
resented  on  War  Labor  Policies  Board, 
245;  cooperation  of  Interstate  Com¬ 
merce  Commission  with,  258;  cost  re¬ 


ports  to,  267 ;  cooperation  of  High¬ 
ways  Transport  Committee  with,  322; 
relation  of  War  Industries  Board  with, 
333,  335,  339;  relation  with  War  Trade 
Board,  382;  organization,  419;  regional 
directors,  419;  reports,  420;  publica¬ 
tions,  420-422;  orders,  421;  employ¬ 
ment  of  women,  421;  sanitary  condi¬ 
tions,  421;  informs  the  public,  433. 

Railroad  control,  as  a  factor  in  economic 
mobilization,  62. 

Railroad  fuel,  increased  cost  of,  261. 

Railroad  Wage  Commission,  cooperation 
of  Bureau  of  Census  with,  214;  re¬ 
port,  421. 

Railroads,  hearings  on  bills  re,  10,  16; 
appropriation  for  government  control, 
15;  deficit  in  government  operation  of, 
15;  regidation  of,  19;  question  as  to 
right  of  State  to  control  intra-state 
rates,  23;  Director  General  of  et  al., 
case  of,  26;  unloading  cars,  26;  valua¬ 
tion  of,  26 ;  loans  to,  97 ;  adjustment 
of  matters  arising  from  federal  con¬ 
trol,  260;  returned  to  owners,  260,  422; 
transition  to  federal  control,  260;  fed¬ 
eral  control,  419-420,  421. 

Railroads  and  Government,  by  Frank 
Haigh  Dixon,  422. 

Rail  transportation,  data  re,  408. 

Railway  Board  of  Adjustment,  decisions, 
421. 

Railway  Equipment  and  Supplies  Sec¬ 
tion,  reports,  351,  371. 

Railways,  and  labor,  10;  statistics,  216, 
261. 

Railway  transportation,  effects  of  the  war 
on,  261 ;  records,  291. 

Randall,  J.  G.,  historian  of  the  Shipping 
Board,  vi,  287. 

Rare  gases,  report  re,  352. 

Rassieur,  Leo,  American  Loyalty,  434. 

Rats,  destruction  by,  180. 

Rawdon,  Henry  S.,  paper  by,  208. 

Raw  Materials,  Minerals,  and  Metals, 
Committee  on,  origin,  319,  332. 

Raw  Materials  Division,  rulings,  371; 
minutes  of  meetings,  371. 

Raw  material  situation,  351. 

Ray,  S.  H.,  bulletin  by,  161. 

Raymond,  Newman  H.,  paper  by, '67. 

Readjustment,  and  the  War  Labor 
Policies  Board,  245. 

Readjustment  and  Reconstruction  Infor¬ 
mation,  327. 


INDEX 


Readjustment  program,  Geological  Sur¬ 
vey,  115,  116. 

Reclamation  Board,  membership  and 
powers,  124. 

Reclamation  Record,  a  periodical,  124. 

Reclamation  Service,  summary  of  war 
work,  65-66;  assisted  by  the  Geological 
Survey,  115;  fimctions,  123-124;  war¬ 
time  direction  of,  124;  publications, 
124;  records,  125. 

Reconstruction,  relations  of  labor  and 
industry  in,  132;  bibliography  of  pub¬ 
lications  re,  132;  monograph  re,  202; 
proposed  legislation  on,  231 ;  records : 
general,  292;  Arkansas,  441;  Michigan, 
461;  New  York,  468-469;  Texas,  477; 
Wisconsin,  483. 

Reconstruction  Association,  records  re, 
330. 

Reconstruction  Conference,  records  re, 
330. 

Reconstruction  in  Citizenship,  470. 

Reconstruction  legislation,  records  re, 
330. 

Reconstruction  News,  Daily  Digest  of, 
328. 

Reconstruction  policies,  records  re,  330. 

Reconstruction  problems,  data  re,  189; 
study  of,  318;  records  re,  330. 

Reconstruction  program.  War  Industries 
Board,  353;  California,  443. 

Reconstruction  Research  Division,  Coun¬ 
cil  of  National  Defense,  functions,  323- 
324;  records,  329-331. 

Red  Cross,  American,  relation  of  State 
Department  with,  28;  cooperation  with 
Public  Health  Service,  40;  national 
banks  not  authorized  to  subscribe  to, 
43;  tax  on  contributions  to,  98;  propa¬ 
ganda  re,  127 ;  cooperation  of  Bureau 
of  Standards  with,  206;  organization, 
314-315;  publications,  315-316;  chapter 
histories,  316;  records:  headquarters, 
316;  Alabama,  440;  Arkansas,  441; 
Colorado,  444;  Iowa,  452-453;  Kansas, 
454;  Kentucky,  455;  Michigan,  460; 
Minnesota,  462;  North  Dakota,  471; 
Oregon,  473;  Virginia,  479,  480;  Wis¬ 
consin,  482;  Wyoming,  483;  coopera¬ 
tion  of  Woman’s  Committee  of  Coun¬ 
cil  of  National  Defense  with,  321;  rep¬ 
resented  in  the  Requirements  Division, 
War  Industries  Board,  336;  advertis¬ 
ing  for,  432. 

Red  Cross  War  Council,  duties,  314. 


519 

Redfield,  Arthur  H.,  monograph  by,  203; 
economic  study  by,  203. 

Reeder,  Robert  P.,  analysis  of  awards  of 
National  War  Labor  Board  by,  242, 
245-246. 

Reese,  H.  H.,  article  by,  162. 

Refactories  Section,  reports,  351,  371; 
minutes  of  meetings,  371. 

Regional  advisers,  cooperation  with,  337 ; 
bulletins  to,  344-345. 

Regional  directors.  Railroad  Administra¬ 
tion,  419. 

Reinlcker,  C.  E.,  paper  by,  209. 

Relief  agencies,  Wyoming,  records,  483. 

Relief  committees.  New  Jersey,  records, 
465. 

Relief  organizations,  Virginia,  newspaper 
clippings,  480. 

Rent,  profiteering,  article  re,  249. 

Rents,  hearings  on  bill  to  prevent  profit¬ 
eering  in,  16;  study  of,  232. 

Rents  and  land  values,  251. 

Requa,  Mark  L.,  report  by,  414. 

Requirements,  survey  of,  xxxvi. 

Requirements  Division,  War  Industries 
Board,  membership,  335-336;  duties, 
336-337 ;  minutes  of  meetings,  372 ;  re¬ 
ports,  372. 

Research,  Bureau  of.  War  Trade  Board, 
functions,  382-383. 

Research  and  Statistics,  Bureau  of.  War 
Trade  Board,  functions,  382;  records, 
393-394. 

Research  Division,  Bureau  of  Foreign 
and  Domestic  Commerce,  war  services, 
189. 

Resources,  augmenting,  xxxvi;  economy 
in  utilization  of,  xxxvi ;  survey  of,  xxxvi. 

Resources  and  Conversion  Section,  rec¬ 
ords,  372. 

Reuter,  B.  E.,  bulletin  by,  175. 

Revenue,  new  sources,  34;  collection,  35. 

Reynolds,  D.  M.,  paper  by.  111. 

Rhea,  Frank,  monographs  by,  197,  199. 

Rhode  Island,  report  on  living  costs,  475; 
records  and  publications,  475. 

Rhodes,  Henry  E.,  paper  by.  111. 

Rice,  George  S.,  paper  by,  122. 

Rice,  statement  re,  137 ;  prices,  343 ;  sta¬ 
tistics,  404. 

Rice  dealers,  licensing,  405. 

Richmond,  Va.,  Federal  Reserve  district, 
reports,  277;  headquarters  of  Capital 
Issues  district  committee,  325;  Boy 


520 


INDEX 


Scouts,  479;  Federal  Reserve  bank,  479; 
social  life,  479. 

Ripley,  William  Z.,  report  by,  261. 

Robertson,  James  A.,  vi,  186. 

Rochester,  N.  Y.,  Industrial  Section, 
Army  Ordnance,  report,  66 ;  district 
ordnance  office  at  67,  72;  kinds  of  ord¬ 
nance  produced,  72. 

Rock  Island  Arsenal,  request  by  workers 
in,  21;  housing,  65. 

Rodents,  war  on,  184. 

Roethe,  H.  E.,  circular  by,  176. 

Rogers,  G.  Sherburne,  Helium-Bearing 
Natural  Gas,  116. 

Rogers,  James  Harvey,  bulletin  by,  343. 

Rogers,  J.  S.,  bulletin  by,  175. 

Rommel,  George  M.,  bulletin  by,  161; 
articles  by,  162. 

Root,  Elihu,  Plain  Issues  of  the  War, 
435. 

Rosenthal,  Herman  G.,  monographs  by, 
199. 

Rosin,  price  report,  349 ;  distribution, 
350;  status  of  industry  report,  352. 

Ross,  William  H.,  articles  by,  181,  182. 

Rothgeb,  Benton  E.,  bulletins  by,  153, 
154,  166. 

Round,  L.  A.,  bulletins  by,  141,  175. 

Rubber,  export  regulation,  94;  investi¬ 
gations  re,  207;  paper  re,  210;  report 
re,  212;  prices,  306;  price  fixing,  345. 

Rubber  and  Rubber  Goods  Section,  rec¬ 
ords,  372. 

Rubber  and  rubber  products,  prices,  343. 

Rubber  Association  of  America,  Inc.,  con¬ 
tact  with  War  Industries  Board,  380. 

Rubber  industry,  training  in,  254. 

Ruddiman,  H.  D.,  bulletin  by,  173. 

Rufener,  Louis  A.,  monograph  by,  203; 
economic  study  by,  390. 

Ruggles,  C.  O.,  report  by,  286. 

Rumely,  case  of,  24. 

Rundles,  J.  C.,  article  by,  177. 

Ruppert,  Jacob,  case  of,  25. 

Russau,  Hans,  American  Loyalty,  434. 

Russell,  A.  L.,  Grain  and  Flour  Statis¬ 
tics  (luring  the  War,  401. 

Russell,  H.  L.,  bulletin  by,  483. 

Russia,  war  services  of  commercial  at- 
tach6  in,  192. 

Rutile,  report  re,  252. 

Rye,  efforts  to  increase  production,  152; 
culture,  153;  in  American  agriculture, 
166 ;  conference  to  stimulate  sowing  of, 
169;  prices,  343;  statistics,  403. 


Saccharine,  report  re,  362. 

St.  Louis,  Mo.,  supply  depot,  68;  zone 
finance  officer,  93;  ordnance  office  at, 
72 ;  kind  of  ordnance  produced,  72 ; 
agricultural  conference  at,  135;  office 
of  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic 
Commerce  in,  190;  Federal  Reserve 
district,  reports,  277;  headquarters  of 
Capital  Issues  district  committee,  426. 

Saint  Paul,  Minn.,  Boy  Scouts,  462;  or¬ 
ganization  of  women  for  war  work, 
462;  War  Camp  Community  Service, 
462;  Woman’s  Division  of  the  Ameri¬ 
can  Patriotic  League,  462. 

Salaries,  9. 

Sale,  Mrs.  W.  W.,  report  by,  480. 

Salisbury,  Edith  Charlton,  papers  by, 
144,  146. 

Salmon,  D.  E.,  bulletin  by,  161. 

Salmon,  canned,  supply,  166;  cost  re¬ 
ports,  267,  268. 

Salt,  search  for,  113;  imports,  350. 

Salvation  Army,  records:  Kansas,  464; 
Texas,  477 ;  reports,  480. 

Sams,  Stanhope,  monograph  by,  196. 

Sand,  price  fixing,  340;  prices,  344,  349; 
imports,  360;  cost  report,  361. 

Sanford,  Raymond  L.,  paper  by,  209. 

San  Francisco,  Cabf.,  supply  depot,  58; 
zone  finance  officer,  93;  market  reports 
on  live  stock  and  meats  in,  168;  mar¬ 
ket  reports  on  dairy  products  in,  169; 
office  of  Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Do¬ 
mestic  Commerce  in,  190;  Federal  Re¬ 
serve  district,  reports,  277;  headquar¬ 
ters  of  Capital  Issues  district  com¬ 
mittee,  425. 

Sanitary  Corps,  85,  87. 

Satterthwait,  A.  F.,  bulletin  by,  179. 

Schafer  et  al.,  case  of,  25. 

Scherer,  James  A.  B.,  The  Nation  at 
War,  324. 

Schmuckler,  Jacob,  bulletin  by,  343. 

School  Garden  Army,  U.S.,  127,  128. 

Schools,  keeping  children  in,  233-234 ;  rec¬ 
ords:  Kentucky,  456;  New  Jersey, 
465;  Virginia,  479;  West  Virginia, 
481. 

Schorger,  A.  W.,  bulletin  by,  149. 

Schrader’s  Sons,  case  against,  25-26. 

Scott,  George  A.,  bulletin  by,  161. 

Scott,  George  Winfield,  The  German  War 
Code,  434. 

Scott,  H.,  paper  by,  209. 


INDEX 


521 


Scott,  Lloyd  N.,  Naval  Consulting  Board 
of  the  United  States,  110-111. 

Scroggs,  W.  O.,  Steamship  Fuel  Stations 
in  Foreign  Countries,  284-285. 

Seager,  Henry  R.,  and  Hotchkiss,  Will¬ 
ard  E.,  History  of  Shipbuilding  Labor 
Adjustment  Board,  285. 

Sea  Island  Cotton,  by  W.  A.  Orton,  154. 

Seattle,  Wash.,  supply  depot,  58;  office  of 
Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Com¬ 
merce  in,  191;  industrial  survey,  353. 

Seed  Reporter,  a  periodical,  167. 

Seeds,  K.  B.,  bulletin  by,  165. 

Seedsmen’s  War  Service  Committee,  co¬ 
operation  of  Committee  on  Seed  Stocks 
with,  158. 

Seed  Stocks,  Conunittee  on,  appointment 
of,  157 ;  activities,  158. 

Seiferth,  Herman  J.,  Louisiana  in  the 
War,  456. 

Selective  service,  spirit  of,  91 ;  rules, 
regulations,  and  instructions,  91;  “Ex¬ 
perience  Reports,”  92. 

Selective  service  act,  case  arising  under, 
24;  enforcement,  94;  interpretation, 
99;  decision  as  to  constitutionality,  100. 

Sellery,  George  C.,  German  War  Prac¬ 
tices,  435. 

Selvig,  W.  A.,  paper  by,  209. 

Services  of  Supply,  A.E.F.,  supplies,  18; 
records,  52,  67-68;  organization,  62. 

Shambaugh,  Bertha  M.  H.,  Organized 
Speaking  in  Iowa  during  the  War, 
453. 

Sharpe,  Henry  G.,  The  Quartermaster 
Corps,  55. 

Shaulis,  Lloyd  L.,  bulletin  by,  343. 

Shaw,  Edward  L.,  bulletin  by,  160. 

“Sheep  and  intensive  farming,”  by  F.  R. 
Marshall,  162. 

Shellac,  report  re,  352. 

Shellac  Importers  Association,  U.S.,  con¬ 
tact  with  War  Trade  Board,  380. 

Sherman,  Stuart  P.,  American  and  Air- 
lied  Ideals,  434. 

Sherman,  WeUs  A.,  report,  171. 

Shick,  Robert  P.,  monograph  by,  197. 

Shipbuilders,  report  of  conference  of, 
285,  286. 

Shipbuilding,  emergency  training  in,  313. 

Shipbuilding  disputes,  adjustment,  230. 

Shipbuilding  establishments,  list  of,  214. 

Shipbuilding  industry,  wage  adjustment 
in,  231. 

Shipbuilding  Labor  Adjustment  Board, 


awards,  decisions,  and  authorizations 
by,  231,  285-286 ;  history  of,  232,  285. 

Ship  movements,  records,  308. 

Shipowners  et  al.,  report  of  conference 
of,  285. 

Shipping,  a  factor  in  economic  mobiliza¬ 
tion,  62. 

Shipping  Board,  significance  of  records 
of,  xxxvii;  establishment,  1;  hearings 
re  operations  of,  8,  17,  18;  housing 
for  employee’s  of  shipyards,  17;  rela¬ 
tion  of  State  Department  with,  28; 
statistics  collected  for,  35,  189;  relation 
with  the  Transportation  Service,  77 ; 
opinion  of  Attorney  General  affecting, 
96;  Ship-Protection  Committee,  106; 
furnished  with  information,  114,  189; 
cooperation  of  Geological  Survey  with, 
114,  116;  cooperation  of  Bureau  of 
Mines  with,  118;  cooperation  of  For¬ 
est  Service  with,  147 ;  cooperation  of 
Committee  on  Seed  Stocks  with,  158; 
cooperation  of  Bureau  of  Entomology 
with,  178;  cooperation  of  Bureau  of 
Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce  with, 
188,  190;  cooperation  of  Division  of 
Foreign  Tariffs  with,  189;  represented 
by  commercial  attaches,  191 ;  coopera¬ 
tion  of  Bureau  of  Census  with,  214, 
306;  cooperation  of  Lighthouse  Service 
with,  221 ;  cooperation  of  Steamboat 
Inspection  Service  with,  223;  indus¬ 
trial  relations,  227 ;  represented  on  the 
War  Labor  Policies  Board,  245;  war 
fimctions,  280;  Division  of  Planning 
and  Statistics,  281,  290-307;  organiza¬ 
tion,  281-282;  publications,  283-287; 
records,  287-307;  historian,  287-288; 
cooperation  in  the  conservation  of  ton¬ 
nage,  290;  reports,  293;  represented 
in  cooperative  statistical  schemes,  306; 
sale  of  ships  to,  308;  appeals  for  as¬ 
sistance  in  training  skilled  workmen, 
310;  represented  in  Priorities  Board 
and  Priorities  Committee,  339;  rela¬ 
tion  with  War  Trade  Board,  379,  380, 
383;  advertising  for,  432;  informs  the 
public,  433. 

Shipping  Board  act,  case  arising  under, 
24. 

Shipping,  Committee  on,  origin,  319. 

Shipping  emergency,  113. 

Shipping  industrial  conference,  286. 

Ship  production,  discussion  of  conditions 
affecting,  285. 


522 


INDEX 


Ships,  investigations  re,  207 ;  record  of, 
290 ;  data,  307 ;  protection  of,  308 ;  the 
greatest  need,  435. 

Ships  and  shipping,  records,  293-299. 

Shipyard  Employment  Managers’  Confer¬ 
ence,  report,  286. 

Shipyard  workers,  training  of,  286. 

Shoe  industry,  conservation,  63 ;  train¬ 
ing  in,  253;  report  on,  272. 

Shoemaker,  Floyd  C.,  articles  by,  463. 

Shoes,  hearing  on  increased  price,  12; 
manufacture  of,  22;  profits,  266. 

Shoe  and  leather  trade,  monographs  re, 
197,  198. 

Siegler,  E.  H.,  bulletin  by,  179. 

Sigel,  Franz,  American  Loyalty,  434. 

Signal  Corps,  report  re,  50 ;  Aviation 
Section,  82 ;  operations,  82 ;  histories, 
82;  cooperation  of  Weather  Bureau 
with,  178;  public  exhibit,  432. 

Silk,  statistics,  215;  report  on,  274. 

Silk  Association  of  America,  annual  re¬ 
port,  69. 

Silk  Section,  minutes  of  meetings,  372; 
reports,  372-373. 

Simmons,  F.  N.,  letter  to,  33. 

Simmons,  Roger  E.,  monographs  by,  195. 

Simms,  J.  A.,  bulletin  by,  446. 

Simpson,  Howard  E.,  article  by,  471. 

Sioux  City,  Iowa,  grain  grading,  171. 

Sisal,  in  Latin  America,  190. 

Slater,  W.  A.,  paper  by,  210. 

Slocum,  Robert  R.,  bulletin  by,  161. 

Smith,  case  against,  27. 

Smith,  C.  M.,  bulletin  by,  175. 

Smith,  Franklin  H.,  bulletins  by,  149. 

Smith,  G.  A.,  paper  by,  210. 

Smith,  G.  C.,  bulletin  by,  446. 

Smith,  Guthrie,  Council  of  Defense:  New 
Mexico  War  News,  466. 

Smith,  L.  Brewster,  economic  study  by, 
390;  monograph  by,  203. 

Smith,  Philip  S.,  monographs  by,  196, 
197,  198,  199. 

Smith,  Ralph  W.,  bulletin  by,  154. 

Smithsonian  Institution,  war  work,  69. 

Smokeless  Powder  and  gun  cotton,  report 
re,  352. 

Smyth,  F.  R.,  article  by,  471. 

Smyth,  Nathan,  article  by,  238. 

Snider,  Guy  Edward,  monograph  by,  202. 

Snodgrass,  Katharine,  bulletin  by,  343. 

Snow,  Chauncey  Depew,  monographs  by, 

201,  202. 

Snyder,  T.  E.,  bulletin  by,  179. 


Social  conditions,  Connecticut,  records, 
445. 

Social  Life,  a  periodical,  127. 

Socialist  Party,  pamphlet  purporting  to 
be  a  campaign  document,  100. 

Social  organizations.  New  York,  records, 
467. 

Soda  ash,  price  report,  349. 

Soda  nitrate,  price  report,  350. 

Sodium  cyanide,  118,  122. 

Sodium  salts,  increasing  supply  of,  114. 

Soft  drink  industry,  report  on,  350. 

Soils,  Bureau  of,  cooperation  of  Bureau 
of  Mines  with,  118 ;  investigates  sources 
of  potash,  118;  war  activities,  180-181; 
publications,  181-182. 

Soldiers,  employment  and  rural  homes 
for,  17 ;  vocational  rehabilitation  of, 
19;  effort  to  provide  work,  homes,  and 
lands  for,  124,  125;  opportunities  at 
college  for,  131. 

Soldiers’  Settlement  Project,  correspond¬ 
ence  re,  125-126. 

Sorghum  sirup,  circular  re,  157. 

Southall,  J.  B.,  economic  circular  by, 
219. 

South  America,  selling  stock  to,  167. 

South  Atlantic,  ship-operation  district, 
282. 

South  Bend,  Ind.,  industrial  survey,  353. 

South  Carolina,  negro  migration  from, 
250;  power  reports,  349;  publications, 
475;  war  program,  475. 

South  Dakota,  cases  against,  23-24;  rec¬ 
lamation  fund  from,  123;  grains  for, 
154;  records,  476. 

Southern  Pine  Emergency  Bureau,  pa¬ 
per  re,  69. 

Southwick,  B.  G.,  bulletins  by,  445. 

Soy  bean,  bulletin  re,  155. 

Soy-bean  industry,  article  re,  156. 

Spafford,  R.  R.,  article  by,  177. 

Sparhawk,  William  N.,  report  by,  148; 
Forest  Resources  of  the  World,  150. 

Speaking  Division,  function,  431;  pur¬ 
pose  and  scope,  435;  records,  437. 

Special  agents.  Bureau  of  Foreign  and 
Domestic  Commerce,  monographs  by, 
194-199. 

Special  Information  Service,  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture,  departments  of, 
184. 

Spelter  production,  statements  re,  117. 

Spices,  prices,  343. 

Spillman,  W.  J.,  bulletin  by,  176. 


INDEX 


Spokane,  Wash.,  industrial  survey,  353. 

Spruce,  production  of,  83;  supply,  104; 
price  report,  350;  Oregon,  473;  western, 
and  the  war,  481. 

Spruce  lumber,  price  report,  349. 

Spruce  Production  Corporation,  U.S., 
cost  of  railroads  constructed  by,  17 ; 
reports  re,  69;  function,  83;  history  of, 
83. 

Spruce  Production  Division,  history  of, 
69. 

Spurr,  J.  E.,  ed..  Political  and  Commer¬ 
cial  Geology  of  the  World’s  Mineral  Re¬ 
sources,  122. 

Squires,  Vernon  P.,  article  by,  471. 

Stabler,  Herman,  report  by,  150-151. 

Stakman,  E.  C.,  bulletin  by,  155;  arti¬ 
cle  by,  156. 

Standard  Brewery,  case  against,  25. 

Standards,  Bureau  of,  technical  studies, 
xxxviii;  report  on  production  of  opti¬ 
cal  glass,  66;  cooperation  of  Bureau 
of  Mines  with,  118;  cooperation  with 
Bureau  of  Markets,  164;  fimctions,  205; 
organization,  205-206;  war  work,  206- 
207,  208;  publications,  208-211;  rec¬ 
ords,  211-212. 

Standard  Varnish  Works,  case  of,  23. 

Stanton,  T.  R.,  bulletin  by,  154. 

State,  Secretary  of,  represented  on  War 
Trade  Board,  28,  379;  member  of  Cen¬ 
tral  Committee,  American  Red  Cross, 
28;  member  of  Committee  on  Public 
Information,  429. 

State  Department,  correspondence,  xxxvii, 
29  et  seq.;  war-time  functions,  28;  ex¬ 
ecutive  orders  and  proclamations,  28; 
petitions  and  protests  re  blockade,  sei¬ 
zures,  and  contraband,  30-33;  coopera¬ 
tion  of  Division  of  Foreign  Tariffs 
with,  189;  cooperation  in  conservation 
of  tonnage,  290;  War  Trade  Section, 
377,  379;  War  Trade  Board  trans¬ 
ferred  to,  378;  contact  with  War  Trade 
Board,  380,  383. 

State  Organizations,  Bureau  of.  Fuel  Ad¬ 
ministration,  reports  and  instructions 
from,  413,  415;  proceedings  of  con¬ 
ferences,  415. 

States,  cooperation  with  federal  govern¬ 
ment,  9;  war-time  organizations  in,  36; 
allotments  to,  39. 

States  Relations  Service,  war  activities, 
139-140;  publications,  140-143;  records, 
143-145;  cooperation  of  Bureau  of  Ani¬ 


523 

mal  Industry  with,  160;  cooperation 
with  Bureau  of  Markets,  163-164. 

State  war  history  organizations,  records, 
V;  National  Association  of,  vii,  6. 

Statistical  methods,  records  re,  306-307. 

Statistics,  value  of,  xxxvii;  Bureaus,  67- 
68,  227,  229-232,  259,  382,  393-394;  Divi¬ 
sions,  188-189,  213,  281,  290-307,  340- 
341,  373;  compilation  by  Bureau  of 
Census,  213;  reports  of  conferences  re, 
306;  clearing  bouse,  306. 

Statistics  of  Cooperative  Extension  Work, 
141. 

Steamboat-Inspection  Service,  war  work, 
223,  224. 

Steel,  cost  reports,  265;  price  fixing,  340; 
prices,  343. 

Steel  Corporation,  U.S.,  case  of,  25. 

Steel  Division,  minutes  of  meetings,  373, 
374;  reports,  373,  374. 

Steele,  Lawrence  L.,  paper  by,  210. 

Steel  rails,  cost  report,  267. 

Steel-Shipbuilding  in  the  United  States, 
226. 

Steel  strike,  article  re,  232. 

Stephens,  WiUiam  D.,  California  in  the 
War,  443. 

Stewart,  Stella,  bulletin  by,  342,  390. 

Stewart,  Walter  W.,  bulletin  by,  343. 

Stilson,  case  of,  24. 

Stine,  O.  C.,  article  by,  177. 

Stock,  Leo,  summary  of  war  legislation 
by,  4. 

Stockberger,  bulletin  by,  153;  article  by, 
156. 

Stockman,  Dora,  article  by,  460. 

Stockyards,  represented  at  hearings  be¬ 
fore  committees  of  Congress,  7 ;  regu¬ 
lations,  138,  184;  supervision,  165. 

Stoll,  Elmer  E.,  Conquest  and  Kultur, 
435. 

Stonaker,  Clarence  L.,  study  by,  481. 

Stone,  imports,  350;  cost  report,  351. 

Storage,  Director  of,  history  of  office  of, 
58. 

Storage  Facilities,  Committee  on,  origin, 
319. 

Stowage,  389,  390. 

Strikes,  prevention  of,  11;  article  re, 
232. 

Stroehr,  case  of,  27. 

Strong,  H.  M.,  article  by,  177. 

Stuart,  Charles  E.,  discussion  by,  415. 

Stuart,  Henry  Carter,  480. 

Stuart,  William,  bulletins  by,  154,  155. 


524 


INDEX 


Students’  Army  Training  Corps,  records: 
headquarters,  52,  61;  Colorado,  444; 
Illinois,  44&;  Kentucky,  455;  Mary¬ 
land,  457;  Pennsylvania,  474;  establish¬ 
ment  of,  60-61;  circulars  and  bulletins, 
61;  final  report  of  war  issues  course, 
61 ;  discussed,  127 ;  publication  re,  128. 

Substitutes,  encouraging  the  use  of, 
xxxviii. 

Sugar,  shortage  and  prices,  7,  12 ;  investi¬ 
gation  of  action  of  Attorney  General 
re  price  of,  16;  cables  re,  63;  export 
program,  64 ;  regulation  of  purchase, 
95;  production,  137,  152,  172;  conser¬ 
vation  of,  140,  174,  184,  398,  470;  sub¬ 
stitutes,  160,  162;  supply,  166,  173;  in 
Latin  America,  190;  prices  and  sup¬ 
ply,  190,  269,  409;  purchase  and  dis¬ 
tribution,  399;  statistics,  403;  data  re, 
408,  409. 

Sugar-beet  sirup,  154,  157. 

Sugar  cane,  bulletins  re,  155,  156. 

Sugar  crop  production,  fertilizer  for, 
157. 

Sugar  Equalization  Board,  agreement  re 
purchase  of  raw  sugar  from,  95;  con¬ 
tact  with  War  Trade  Board,  380; 
function,  399;  operations,  402. 

Sugar  industry,  monograph  re,  201;  re¬ 
port  on,  269;  cost  reports,  274;  sta¬ 
tistical  survey,  402;  control  of,  402. 

Sugar  refiners,  licensing,  405. 

Sugar-saving  sirups,  formulas  for,  176. 

Sulphur,  search  for,  114;  cost  report, 
266;  price  report,  349;  status  of  in¬ 
dustry  report,  352. 

Sulphur  and  Pyrites  Division,  reports, 
374. 

Sulphuric  acid,  manufacture,  118,  122; 
raw  materials  for,  121;  production  ca¬ 
pacity  of  plants  producing,  214;  cost 
reports,  266,  351;  status  of  industry 
report,  352. 

Sulphur  industry,  data  re,  276. 

Summerland,  Calif.,  kelp  products  plant 
at,  181. 

Summers,  T.  H.,  bulletin  by,  177. 

Supplies,  Committee  on,  origin,  319,  332; 
records,  331. 

Supplies,  problem,  xxxvi;  developing  new 
sources  of,  xxxviii;  procuring,  52-53, 
105,  108-109;  report  re,  55;  replies  to 
questionnaires  re,  66;  histories  of  sup¬ 
ply  units,  67-60;  conservation  of,  379; 
importation  of,  380. 


Supplies  and  Accounts,  Navy  Depart¬ 
ment,  war-time  organization,  108;  pa¬ 
per  re.  111. 

Supply  depots,  histories  of,  57-58. 

Supply  program,  341. 

Supreme  Court,  U.S.,  cases,  22-27. 

Surgeon  General,  army,  39,  87,  88,  119; 
navy,  39;  Public  Health  Service,  39, 
47. 

Surplus  supplies,  sale  of,  93. 

S wanton,  Walter  I.,  Guide  to  Govern¬ 
ment  Publications,  xl. 

Swiss  Agreement,  360. 

Tabulation  and  Statistics,  Bureau  of. 
War  Trade  Board,  functions,  382,  383. 

Tank  Corps,  63. 

Tanners’  Coimcil  of  the  United  States 
of  America,  contact  with  War  Trade 
Board,  380. 

Tanning  Materials  and  Vegetable  Dye 
Section,  reports,  351,  374;  minutes  of 
meetings,  374. 

Tariff  Commission,  opinion  of  Attorney 
General  affecting,  96;  represented  on 
Wire  Control  Board,  102;  statistical 
information  furnished  to,  172;  cost  re¬ 
ports  to,  267 ;  functions,  273 ;  records, 
273;  publications,  273-276;  represented 
on  Price  Fixing  Committee,  340. 

Tariff  information  surveys,  273. 

Tariff  problems,  arising  from  the  war, 
276. 

Tatlock,  John  S.  P.,  Why  America  Fights 
Germany,  434. 

Taxation,  new  era  of,  41;  records,  441. 

Taxes,  opinion  of  Attorney  General  af¬ 
fecting,  97-98. 

Taylor,  D.  W.,  paper  by.  111. 

Taylor,  Fred,  bulletin  by,  165. 

Taylor,  H.  C.,  bulletin  by,  483. 

Taylor,  H.  F.,  economic  circulars  by, 
219. 

Taylor,  Thomas  RothweU,  monograph  by, 
203;  Stowage  of  Ship  Cargoes,  390. 

Tea,  prices,  ^3. 

Teacher  Placement  by  Public  Agencies, 
129. 

Teal,  Joseph  N.,  paper  by,  283. 

Technical  and  Consulting  Section,  re¬ 
ports,  374. 

Tedrow,  case  of,  27. 

Telegraphs  and  telephone  lines,  federal 
control,  10;  relinquishment  of  federal 


INDEX 


control,  11;  authority  to  determine  lo¬ 
cal  telephone  rates,  23. 

Telegraphs  and  Telephones,  Committee 
on,  origin,  319. 

Telegraph  and  telephone  systems,  fed¬ 
eral  control,  102;  return  to  private 
ownership,  102;  reports  on  federal  ad¬ 
ministration  of,  103. 

Templin,  Richard  L.,  paper  by,  210. 

Tennessee,  subscriptions  to  fourth  Lib¬ 
erty  loan,  44;  chemical  warfare  serv¬ 
ice,  85;  increasing  crop  yields  in,  177; 
coal-cost  report,  270;  newspaper  clip¬ 
pings,  476;  records,  476. 

Terra  cotta,  report  re,  352. 

Texas,  preservation  of  cattle  herds,  95; 
extension  of  reclamation  act  to,  124; 
growing  grain  sorghums  in,  155;  cost 
of  lumber  report,  266;  petroleum  cost 
report,  271;  seed  wheat,  408;  records, 
476-477;  newspapers,  477. 

Textile  Alliance,  Inc.,  contact  with  War 
Trade  Board,  380. 

Textile  and  Rubber  Division,  minutes  of 
meetings,  375;  reports,  375. 

Textile  fibers,  statistics,  214. 

Textile  industries,  German  property  in, 
427. 

Textiles,  monographs  re,  196;  markets 
for,  198;  investigations  re,  207;  prices, 
305. 

Textiles  and  fibers,  price  fixing,  345. 

The  Hague,  war  services  of  commercial 
attache  in,  192. 

Thompson,  C.  W.,  bulletin,  165. 

Thompson,  Erwin  W.,  monograph  by,  201. 

Thompson,  H.  C.,  bulletins  by,  153,  154, 
155;  article  by,  156. 

Thompson,  Laura,  librarian,  vi,  227. 

Thrift,  teaching  of,  144;  records,  441. 

Thrift  campaign,  organization  of,  350. 

Thrift  leaflets,  143. 

Tiemann,  Harry  D.,  report  by,  148. 

Timber  resources,  survey  of,  147. 

Tin,  investigations  re,  120;  in  Latin 
America,  190;  procuring,  191;  imports, 
350;  condition  of  industry  report,  351; 
supply  of,  398;  for  fruit  and  vegetable 
cans,  406. 

Tin  and  tin  plates,  reports  re,  352. 

Tin  cans,  substitutes  for,  203. 

Tin  plate,  conservation,  174,  193. 

Tin-Plate  Conservation  Committee,  pur¬ 
pose  of,  188. 


525 

Tin  Section,  minutes  of  meetings,  375; 
reports,  375. 

TNT,  report  re,  352. 

Tobacco,  licorice  root  required  for  manu¬ 
facture  of,  33;  statistics,  213;  census, 
215;  cost  report,  266,  351;  price  re¬ 
port,  350 ;  condition  of  industry  re¬ 
port,  351;  status  of  industry  report, 
352. 

Tobacco  Section,  minutes  of  meetings, 
375;  reports,  375. 

Toledo,  Ohio,  gun  carriages  produced  at, 
72;  industrial  survey,  353. 

Tolley,  H.  R.,  bulletins  by,  176,  177. 

Toluol,  condition  of  industry  report,  351; 
status  of  industry  report,  352. 

Toluol  Recovery,  by  McBride,  Reinicker, 
and  Dunkley,  209. 

Tonnage,  conservation  of,  190,  379,  385, 
386;  utilization  for  war  purposes,  290; 
records  re,  295,  296,  297 ;  inventory, 
306. 

Tonnage  agreements,  negotiation  of,  380. 

Topographical  surveys,  114. 

Torgerson,  Samuel,  article  by,  471. 

Torrens  system  of  land  title  registration, 
45. 

Townsend,  C.  O.,  bulletins  by,  154,  156. 

Tracy,  S.  M.,  bulletin  by,  153. 

Tracy,  W.  W.,  bulletin  by,  154. 

Trade,  boards  of,  reports  by,  440. 

Trade,  restriction  of,  191;  records,  301- 
304;  relaxation  of  war-time  control, 
386. 

Trade  advisers,  duties,  384,  385. 

Trade  commissioners,  war  services,  192- 
193. 

Trade  distributors,  duties  of,  384-385. 

Trade  Information,  Division  of,  war 
service,  189-190. 

Trade  of  the  United  States  with  the 
World,  201,  202,  203. 

Trade  with  enemies,  xxxvi,  xxxvii;  pun¬ 
ishment  for,  8;  records,  263-264;  con¬ 
trol,  377,  378,  379,  383,  384,  386. 

Trading  with  the  enemy  act,  case  arising 
under,  27 ;  cooperation  in  the  operation 
of,  28,  34;  administration  of  insurance 
clauses,  38;  enforcement,  94;  interpre¬ 
tation,  99;  orders  and  instructions  is¬ 
sued  under,  427. 

Training  Camp  Activities,  Commission 
on,  reports,  50,  51;  qooperation  of 
Woman’s  Committee  of  Council  of  Na- 


526 


INDEX 


tional  Defense  with,  320;  public  ex¬ 
hibit,  432. 

Training  Division,  Bureau  of  Navigation, 
Navy  Department,  history  of.  111. 

Training  for  Foreign  Service,  129. 

Training  of  Shipyard  Workers,  286. 

Training  Service,  U.S.,  investigations  for, 
252;  functions,  252-253;  districts  of, 
253;  Dilution  Division,  253-254. 

Training  Teachers  for  Americanization, 
129. 

Transportation,  Bureau  of.  War  Trade 
Board,  functions,  385-386;  rules,  388; 
records,  397. 

Transportation,  problems,  xxxv;  statis¬ 
tics,  53;  efforts  to  effect  cooperative 
organization  of,  317 ;  records,  441. 

Transportation  and  Communication,  Com¬ 
mittee  on,  origin,  319;  records,  331. 

Transportation  by  water,  statistics,  216. 

Transportation  conditions,  affecting  and 
affected  by  the  war,  258,  260. 

Transportation  Service,  creation  of,  53; 
organization  and  fimctions,  76-77;  an¬ 
nual  reports  of  Chief,  77 ;  records,  78- 
79. 

Treasury,  Secretary  of  the,  member  of 
Inter-departmental  Social  Hygiene 
Board,  39;  annual  reports,  40-41;  ad¬ 
dresses  by,  43 ;  opinion  of  Attorney 
General  affecting,  98;  represents  the 
United  States  on  the  Allied  Purchas¬ 
ing  Commission,  340;  represented  on 
War  Trade  Board,  379. 

Treasury  Department,  see  Contents,  x; 
relation  of  State  Department  with,  28; 
opinion  of  Attorney  General  affecting, 
99;  cooperation  of  Post  Office  Depart¬ 
ment  with,  103;  cooperation  with  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture,  142,  143;  co¬ 
operation  of  Bureau  of  Foreign  and 
Domestic  Commerce  with,  189;  co¬ 
operation  of  Bureau  of  Navigation 
with,  223;  cooperation  in  the  conser¬ 
vation  of  tonnage,  290 ;  Dye  and  Chemi¬ 
cal  Section  of  War  Trade  Board 
transferred  to,  377,  379;  contact  with 
War  Trade  Board,  383. 

Trent,  Ray  S.,  Financing  the  War,  452. 

Trout,  Clement  E.,  bulletin  by,  155. 

Truax,  H.  E.,  bulletin  by,  165. 

Truax,  T.  R.,  report  by,  148. 

Trumbull,  H.  L.,  bulletins  by,  344. 

Tubes,  report  re,  352. 

Tucker,  W.  A.,  monographs  by,  196,  198. 


Tumulty,  J.  P.,  letter  to,  30. 

Tungsten,  claims  on  accoimt  of  losses  in 
producing,  97;  search  for,  113;  studies 
of  deposits  of,  114;  investigations  re, 
120;  in  Latin  America,  190;  effect  of 
the  war  on,  275;  imports,  350;  report 
re,  352. 

Turpentine,  price  report,  349. 

Turpentine  and  rosin,  increasing  yield 
of,  149. 

Tuttle,  John  B.,  paper  by,  210. 

United  Automobile,  Aircraft  and  Ve¬ 
hicle  Workers  of  America,  a  demand 
of,  21. 

United  Mine  Workers  of  America,  pro¬ 
ceedings  of  a  conference  with,  413-414. 

United  Shoe  Machinery  Company  et  al., 
case  against,  22. 

Universal  military  training,  12,  20. 

University  of  Arizona  in  the  War,  441. 

University  of  California,  war  service  rec¬ 
ord,  443. 

University  of  Colorado,  Students’  Army 
Training  Corps  at,  444. 

University  of  Illinois,  war  work,  450; 
bulletins,  450. 

University  of  Michigan,  war  activities, 
460. 

University  of  Minnesota,  war  activities, 
462. 

University  of  Nevada,  leaflets,  465. 

University  of  New  Mexico,  war  service, 
466. 

University  of  North  Carolina,  After-the- 
•war  Information  Leaflets,  470. 

University  of  Ohio,  chemical  warfare 
service,  85;  cooperation  of  State  His¬ 
torical  Commission  with,  471. 

University  of  Oklahoma,  war  records, 
472. 

University  of  Oregon,  publications,  473. 

University  of  South  Carolina  and  the 
war,  475. 

University  of  South  Dakota,  war-record 
function,  476. 

LTniversity  of  Texas,  records,  476-477. 

University  of  Virginia  in  the  World  War, 
by  John  S.  Patton,  480. 

University  of  Wisconsin,  chemical  war¬ 
fare  service,  85;  bulletin,  483. 

Upham,  Elizabeth  G.,  bulletin  by,  483. 

Utah;  reclamation  fund  from,  123; 
grains  for  dry  lands  in,  154;  new  en- 


INDEX 


527 


terprises  in,  171;  harvesting  sugar  beets 
in,  409;  records  and  publications,  477. 

Utilization  of  war  materials,  records  re, 
330. 

Vacuum  Oil  Company,  case  against,  22. 

Vanadium,  report  re,  352. 

Vandercook,  Roy  C.,  articles  by,  460. 

Van  Dyke,  Edmund  W.,  Control  of  Ex¬ 
portations  and  Importations,  388;  de¬ 
scription  of  War  Trade  Board  rec¬ 
ords  by,  391. 

Varnish,  prices,  344;  report  re,  352. 

Vegetable  gardens,  bulletins  re,  154,  155. 

Vegetable-oil  industry,  licensing,  405. 

Vegetable  oils,  prices,  343;  reports,  404. 

Vegetables,  conservation  of,  141;  bulle¬ 
tins  re,  154;  preservation  of,  175; 
prices,  343. 

Vehicle,  Implement,  and  Wood  Products 
Section,  reports,  351,  375-376;  minutes 
of  meetings,  375. 

Veitch,  F.  P.,  bulletin  by,  175. 

Vermont,  477-478. 

Vessels,  automatic  sprinklers  on,  187. 

Veterans’  Bureau,  successor  to  Bureau 
of  War  Risk  Insurance,  38;  vocational 
rehabilitation  work  transferred  to,  311. 

Veterinary  Corps,  87. 

Violations  Committee,  381. 

Virginia,  possibilities  of  manganese  ore 
in,  116;  grains  in,  154;  hours  and  con¬ 
ditions  of  work  for  women  in  indus¬ 
try  in,  255;  cost  of  yellow-pine  lum¬ 
ber  report,  266;  coal-cost  report,  270; 
represented  on  the  Price  Fixing  Com¬ 
mittee,  340;  records,  478-480;  publi¬ 
cations,  480;  newspapers,  480. 

Viscose  Company,  case  of,  26. 

Vocational  rehabilitation,  311,  313. 

Von  Motz,  Frank  H.,  monographs  by, 
196,  197. 

Wage  adjustments,  221,  230,  231. 

Wages,  investigations  re,  xxxviii;  in  gov¬ 
ernment  arsenals,  232;  standardization 
of,  245;  action  of  War  Labor  Policies 
Board  re,  246;  of  women  workers, 
255,  256;  report  re,  286;  records,  305. 

Wages  and  cost  of  living,  9,  243. 

Wages  and  hours,  244,  245,  321. 

Wages  and  the  War,  by  Hanna  and 
Lauck,  246. 

Wage  scales  and  hours  of  labor,  records 
re,  330. 


Wage  situation  in  coal  districts,  231. 

Waggaman,  W.  H.,  bulletin  by,  181;  ar¬ 
ticles  by,  181,  182. 

Wait,  Mrs.  William  Henry,  article  by, 
460. 

Walcott,  Frederick  C.,  loyalty  leaflet  by, 
435. 

Walker,  John  H.,  article  by,  450. 

Walker,  Percy  H.,  paper  by,  210. 

Wallace,  case  against,  27. 

Walsh,  Frank  P.,  statements  by,  243. 

Waltenberg,  R.  G.,  papers  by,  209. 

Walton,  W.  R.,  bulletin  by,  179. 

War,  Secretary  of,  member  of  Inter- 
Departmental  Social  Hygiene  Board, 
39;  annual  reports,  50;  opinions  of 
Attorney  General  affecting,  97;  chair¬ 
man  of  Council  of  National  Defense, 
318;  member  of  the  Committee  on  Pub¬ 
lic  Information,  429. 

Warber,  G.  P.,  bulletin  by,  166. 

Warburton,  C.  W.,  bulletin  by,  154. 

War  Camp  Community  Service,  records: 
headquarters,  52;  Alabama,  440;  Ken¬ 
tucky,  455;  New  Jersey,  465;  North 
Carolina,  470;  Texas,  477;  Virginia, 
479. 

War  charities,  hearings  on  biU  to  regu¬ 
late,  13. 

War  commodities,  census  of,  215. 

War  contracts,  hearing  re,  13;  list  of, 
17;  adjustment  and  cancellation,  59, 
93;  bulletins  re,  69,  341;  protection  of 
the  government  from  fraud  in,  95 ; 
opinion  of  Attorney  General  re,  97 ; 
in  France,  351. 

War  contracts  act,  report  of  claims  ad¬ 
justed  under,  93. 

War  Department,  see  Contents,  xi-xii; 
relation  with  State  Department,  28; 
industrial  relations,  51,  227 ;  relations 
with  War  Labor  Administration,  51; 
opinion  re  sale  of  an  enemy-owned 
patent  to,  99;  participation  in  mail 
service,  102-103;  cooperation  of  Navy 
Department  with,  105;  cooperation  of 
Geological  Survey  with,  115;  coopera¬ 
tion  of  Bureau  of  Mines  with,  118,  121; 
cooperation  of  Bureau  of  Education 
with,  126;  War  Plans  Division,  132;  co¬ 
operation  of  Forest  Service  with,  147 ; 
cooperation  of  Bureau  of  Entomology 
with,  178;  cooperation  of  Bureau  of 
Soils  with,  181 ;  represented  in  the  U.S. 
Highways  Council,  182;  cooperation  of 


528 


INDEX 


Division  of  Trade  Information  with, 
190;  information  furnished  by  Latin 
American  Division,  190;  cooperation  of 
Bureau  of  Standards  with,  206,  211; 
cooperation  of  Bureau  of  Census  with, 
214;  transfer  of  lighthouse  tenders  to, 
220;  cooperation  of  Steamboat-Inspec¬ 
tion  Service,  223;  cooperation  of  Bu¬ 
reau  of  Navigation  with,  225;  labor 
policy  of,  230;  represented  on  the  War 
Labor  Policies  Board,  245;  records  of 
War  Labor  Policies  Board  transferred 
to,  246;  cost  reports  to,  265;  coopera¬ 
tion  in  the  conservation  of  tonnage, 
290;  appeals  for  assistance  in  train¬ 
ing  skilled  workmen,  310;  cooperation 
of  Highways  Transport  Committee 
■with,  322;  relations  with  War  Indus¬ 
tries  Board,  333;  administration  of 
price  control,  342;  records  transferred 
to,  347,  436;  contact  with  War  Trade 
Board,  380,  383 ;  cooperation  with  Com¬ 
mittee  on  Public  Information,  431 ; 
advertising  for,  432. 

Ward,  Florence  E.,  papers  by,  144. 

War  Emergency,  scientific  teaching  dur¬ 
ing,  131;  industrial  arts  in  secondary 
schools  during,  131. 

War  Emergency  Division,  Department  of 
Justice,  94. 

War  Emergency  Organization,  coopera¬ 
tion  of  Committee  of  Seed  Stocks  with, 
158. 

War  finance,  a  factor  in  economic  mo¬ 
bilization,  62. 

War  finance  and  revenue,  California,  442. 

War  Finance  Corporation,  an  emergency 
establishment,  xxxvi;  directed  to  act 
for  relief  of  depression  in  agricul¬ 
tural  districts,  14;  establishment  of, 
17 ;  report  re,  41 ;  opinions  of  Attorney 
General  affecting,  96-97 ;  cooperation 
with  Requirements  Division,  War  In¬ 
dustries  Board,  337;  functions,  423; 
reports,  423-424. 

War  financing,  article  re,  278. 

War  gas  investigations,  122. 

War  industries,  woman  labor  for,  229; 
classification  of,  231;  surveys  of,  253; 
training  for  service  in,  310;  records: 
Michigan,  460;  Texas,  477. 

War  Industries  Badge  Board,  338. 

War  Industries  Board,  an  emergency  es¬ 
tablishment,  XXXV ;  significance  of  rec¬ 
ords  of,  xxxvii,  xxxix;  final  report. 


xxxviii;  relation  of  State  Department 
with,  28;  its  parts  in  economic  mo¬ 
bilization,  62 ;  Conservation  Division, 
conservation  plans  and  practices,  63; 
Explosives  Division,  paper  re,  64; 
I^umber  Section,  history  of,  66;  Re¬ 
sources  and  Conversion  Section,  re¬ 
ports  by  regional  advisers,  68;  Divi¬ 
sion  of  Statistics,  bulletins,  69;  rep¬ 
resentation  of  the  Navy  Department 
in,  108;  price  fixing,  109;  relation  of 
Geological  survey  with,  114,  116;  co¬ 
operation  of  Bureau  of  Mines  with, 
118;  cooperation  of  Forest  Service 
with,  147 ;  represented  in  the  U.S. 
Highways  Council,  182;  statistics  for, 
189;  assisted  in  research,  190;  co¬ 
operation  of  district  offices  of  Bureau 
of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Commerce 
with,  191;  represented  by  commercial 
attaches,  191;  cooperation  of  Bureau 
of  Standards  with,  206;  cooperation  of 
Bureau  of  Census  with,  214;  coopera¬ 
tion  of  Lighthouse  Ser-vice  with,  221; 
represented  on  the  War  Labor  Policies 
Board,  245;  gives  effect  to  decisions  of 
War  Labor  Policies  Board,  245;  in¬ 
vestigations  for,  252;  cooperation  of 
Labor  Department  with,  252;  cost  re¬ 
ports  to,  265-266,  271;  cooperation  in 
the  conservation  of  tonnage,  290;  rec¬ 
ords,  292-293,  341,  346-376,  462;  repre¬ 
sented  in  statistical  conference,  306; 
represented  in  cooperative  statistical 
schemes,  306;  origin  of,  319;  evolution 
and  dissolution,  332-333 ;  functions,  333- 
334;  organization,  334-341;  administra¬ 
tion  of  price  control,  339-340,  342;  pub¬ 
lications,  341-346;  minutes  of  meetings, 
347 ;  rulings,  348 ;  questionnaires,  348 ; 
bulletins,  348;  reports,  348-353;  repre¬ 
sented  on  the  War  Trade  Board,  378, 
379;  relation  with  the  War  Trade 
Board,  379,  380;  informs  the  public, 
430,  433. 

War  Industries  Board  Organization, 
membership,  342. 

War  Labor  Administration,  an  emer¬ 
gency  establishment,  xxxvi;  significance 
of  records  of,  xxxvii;  organization  of, 
228;  reports  re,  229;  War  Labor  Ad¬ 
ministration,  by  William  L.  Chenery, 
246;  relation  of  War  Industries  Board 
with,  334. 

War  Labor  Board,  relation  of  War  De- 


INDEX 


partment  with,  51;  liaison  with  Indus¬ 
trial  Division,  Bureau  of  Ordnance, 
Navy  Department,  107;  history  of, 
232;  informs  the  public,  430,  433. 

War  Labor  Board  and  Western  Union, 
243. 

War  Labor  Conference  Board,  member¬ 
ship,  240;  report  by,  240. 

War  Labor  Policies  Board,  relation  of 
War  Department  with,  51 ;  liaison  with 
Industrial  Division,  Bureau  of  Ord¬ 
nance,  Navy  Department,  107;  report 
re,  229;  ruling  re  child  labor,  234-235; 
recommendation  for  recruiting  civilian 
workers,  238;  organization,  245;  func¬ 
tions,  245,  246;  publications,  246;  rec¬ 
ords,  246;  War  Industries  Board  rep¬ 
resented  on,  338;  cooperation  with,  339; 
represented  on  the  Priorities  Board, 
339. 

War  labor  policy,  evolution  of,  241. 

War  labor  program,  formulation  of,  240; 
conference  on,  246. 

War  Loan  Organization,  36,  43. 

War  loans,  articles  re,  278. 

War  mineral  commodities,  census  of,  114. 

War  minerals,  hearings  on  bill  to  encour¬ 
age  production  of,  14;  demands  for, 
116;  search  for,  113,  114,  115;  pro¬ 
duction,  118-119;  investigations,  120, 
121,  122,  123. 

War  Minerals  Relief  Commission,  122. 

War  Plans  Division,  60  et  seq. 

War  Prison  Labor  and  Waste  Reclama¬ 
tion  Section,  membership,  338. 

War  prohibition  act,  cases  arising  under, 
25;  interpretation,  95. 

War-relief  agencies,  tax  on  contributions 
to,  98. 

Warren,  Gertrude,  circular  by,  141. 

War  revenue,  aets  for  raising,  9;  hear¬ 
ings  on  bill  to  provide  for,  17. 

War  Risk  Insurance,  Bureau  of,  estab¬ 
lishment  of,  1,  37;  functions,  37-38; 
cooperation  of  Public  Health  Service 
with,  40;  publications,  45-46;  prob¬ 
lem  of  vocational  rehabilitation,  311. 

War  risk  insuranee,  reports  re,  40-41; 
opinions  of  Attorney  General  re,  98- 
99. 

War  savings  certificates,  sale  of,  36, 
40,  103;  redemption  of,  98;  article  re, 
278. 

War  serviee  agencies,  291,  292. 

War  service  committees,  work  of,  63- 


529 

66;  cooperation  with  War  Industries 
Board,  340. 

War  service  organizations,  Ohio,  records, 
472. 

War-Time  Strikes  and  Their  Adjustment, 
by  Alexander  M.  Bing,  244. 

War  Trade  Board,  an  emergency  estab¬ 
lishment,  XXXV;  significance  of  records 
of,  xxxvii;  final  report,  xxxviii;  relation 
of  State  Department  with,  28;  issue 
of  licenses  bj^,  34;  statistics  collected 
for,  35;  business  question  re,  56;  re¬ 
ports  by  Bureau  of  Foreign  Agents, 
64;  opinion  of  Attorney  General  af¬ 
fecting,  96;  cooperation  of  Geological 
Survey  with,  114,  116;  cooperation  of 
Bureau  of  Mines  with,  118;  coopera¬ 
tion  of  Forest  Service  with,  147;  co¬ 
operation  of  Committee  on  Seed  Stocks 
with,  158;  statistical  information  fur¬ 
nished  to,  172,  188;  cooperation  of 
Bureau  of  Foreign  and  Domestic  Com¬ 
merce  with,  188,  191;  cooperation  of 
Division  of  Foreign  Tariffs  with,  189; 
cooperation  of  Latin  American  Divi¬ 
sion  with,  190;  assisted  in  economic 
research,  190;  represented  by  commer¬ 
cial  attaches,  191,  192;  economic  studies 
by,  204;  cooperation  of  Federal  Trade 
Commission  with,  264;  cooperation  in 
the  conservation  of  tonnage,  290;  rec¬ 
ords,  291-292,  390-397 ;  represented  in 
statistical  conference,  306;  represented 
in  cooperative  statistical  schemes,  306; 
represented  on  the  Priorities  Board, 
339;  administration  of  price  control, 
342 ;  evolution  and  dissolution,  377 ; 
documents  re,  377-379;  membership, 
379;  contact  with  other  government 
organizations,  379-380;  functions,  379- 
381,  386;  organization,  381-386;  publi¬ 
cations,  386-390;  reports,  386;  Journal, 
387 ;  rules  and  regulations,  387,  391, 
392;  Enemy  Trading  List,  385-386; 
Export  Conservation  List,  388;  agree¬ 
ments  of  European  countries  with,  389; 
minutes  of  meetings,  391 ;  instructions 
to  subdivisions,  391;  rulings,  391-392; 
informs  the  public,  430,  433. 

War  Trade  Council,  136,  186. 

War  Trade  Intelligence,  Bureau  of,  func¬ 
tions,  383-384;  records,  394-395. 

War  Work  Weekly,  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  purpose,  184. 

Washington,  camp  supply  depot,  59; 


530 


INDEX 


opinion  of  Supreme  court  of,  100;  rec¬ 
lamation  fund  from,  123;  cost  of  lum¬ 
ber  report,  266;  records,  480-481;  pub¬ 
lications,  481. 

Washington,  D.  C.,  zone  supply  office, 
58;  Medical  Division,  Chemical  War¬ 
fare  Service,  85;  zone  finance  officer, 
93;  corporation  school  conference  in, 
132;  market  reports  on  live  stock  and 
meats  in,  168;  National  Industrial 
Conference  in,  232;  conference  of 
steamship  interests  in,  233. 

Waste  Reclamation,  187. 

Waste  Reclamation  Service,  organization 
of,  186;  report  re,  187. 

Waterbury,  Conn.,  ScoviU  Manufacturing 
Company,  report,  64. 

AVater  power,  survey  of,  114-115;  prob¬ 
lems,  115;  statement  of  resources,  115; 
“Water  Power  of  the  World,”  by  Stab¬ 
ler,  Jones,  Merrill,  and  Grover,  150- 
151. 

Watertown  Arsenal,  Watertown,  Mass., 
housing,  65. 

Water vliet  Arsenal,  Troy,  N.  Y.,  hous¬ 
ing,  65. 

Waterways,  commercial  use  of,  187 ;  de¬ 
velopment,  187. 

Watkins,  Gordon  S.,  Labor  Problems  and 
Labor  Administration  in  the  United 
States  during  the  World  War,  xl,  241. 

Watkins,  Helen,  monograph  by,  203;  eco¬ 
nomic  study  by,  390. 

Weather  Bureau,  U.S.,  178. 

Weaver,  E.  E.,  paper  by,  208. 

Weed,  Frank  W.,  Military  Hospitals  in 
the  United  States,  88;  The  Surgeon 
General’s  Office,  88. 

Weed  and  Co.,  case  of,  27. 

Weekly  News  Letter,  Department  of 
Agriculture,  articles  in,  183-184. 

Weekly  Review,  War  Industries  Board, 
344. 

Weibel,  E.  E.,  paper  by,  208. 

Weir,  Dorothy,  Training  Opportunities 
for  Connecticut  Women,  446. 

Weld,  C.  M.,  bulletin  by,  122. 

Welfare  agencies,  records:  general,  52; 
Alabama,  440;  California,  442;  Illinois, 
449;  Iowa,  452;  Kentucky,  455;  Mary¬ 
land,  457 ;  Michigan,  460 ;  Minnesota, 
462;  North  Dakota,  471;  Pennsylvania, 
474;  Texas,  477;  A^irginia,  479-480. 

AVells,  A.  E.,  bulletin  by,  122. 

Wells,  H.  W.,  address  by,  236. 


Wenly,  R.  M.,  article  by,  460. 

Wessling,  Hannah  L.,  bulletins  by,  141, 
175;  paper  by,  144. 

West,  Clarence  J.,  Chemical  Warfare, 
85. 

Western  Union  and  War  Labor  Board, 
243. 

West  Virginia,  chemical  warfare  service, 
85;  coal-cost  report,  270;  publications, 
481. 

Wheat,  hearing  on  spring  wheat  situa¬ 
tion,  15;  guaranteeing  price  of,  15; 
exportation,  30,  31;  cables  re,  63;  ef¬ 
forts  to  increase  production,  137,  152; 
conservation  of,  140,  142,  143,  174,  184, 
398,  470;  shortage,  144;  diseases  of, 
152;  bulletins  re,  153,  154,  155,  156; 
conference  to  stimulate  sowing  of,  159; 
losses  from  grain  dust  explosions  pre¬ 
vented,  164;  marketing,  165;  dockage, 
171;  yields  and  prices  by  States,  173; 
supply,  177,  400;  farm  practices  in 
growing,  177 ;  size  of  crop  recom¬ 
mended,  183;  production,  183;  increas¬ 
ing  yield,  184;  cost  reports,  268,  269; 
price  control,  399,  400,  401;  statistics, 
401-402,  403;  utilization  of  idle  lands 
for,  443 ;  winning  the  war  with,  459 ;  in¬ 
creasing  acreage,  467. 

AVTieat  and  flour,  commercial  stocks  of, 
166. 

“AVheat  and  Flour  Trade  under  Food 
Administration  Control,”  by  Wilfred 
Eldred,  400. 

Wheat  and  wheat  flour,  control  of  ex¬ 
ports  and  imports  of,  379. 

Wheat  and  wheat  products,  prices,  343. 

Wheat  Conservation  Program,  401. 

Wheat  Director,  function  of  War  Trade 
Board  transferred  to,  379;  contact  with 
War  Trade  Board,  380;  United  States 
Grain  Corporation  under  control  of, 
399;  statement  by,  402;  conference 
with,  402. 

Wheat,  flour,  and  bread,  policies  re,  400. 

Wheat-flour  substitutes,  use  of,  141 ; 
chemical  analysis  of,  175. 

Wheatless  week,  408. 

Wheat  millers,  licensing,  405. 

Wheat  prices,  geography  of,  173. 

Wheat  production,  study  of,  176. 

Wheeler,  W.  A.,  article  by,  167. 

Whiskey,  sale  of,  95. 

White,  G.  C.,  bulletin  by,  446. 

White,  AVilliam,  bulletin  by,  161. 


INDEX 


Whitney,  Edward,  monographs  by,  202. 

Whitney,  Milton,  statement  of,  182. 

Whitney,  Nathaniel  R.,  Liberty  Loans  in 
Iowa,  453;  The  Sale  of  War  Bonds  in 
Iowa,  453. 

Whitney  Steamboat  Company,  case  of, 
23. 

Wildman,  Murray  S.,  bulletins  by,  342, 
343. 

Wilkes-Barre,  Pa.,  industrial  survey,  353. 

Willard,  Harry  R.,  bulletin  by,  343. 

Williams,  O.  E.,  article  by,  162. 

Williams,  William  Bradford,  Munitions 
Manufacture  in  the  Philadelphia  Ord¬ 
nance  District,  72. 

Willoughby,  William  F.,  Government  Or¬ 
ganization  in  War  Time  and  After, 
xxxix,  240. 

Wilson,  J.  F.,  bulletin  by,  161. 

Wilson,  J.  Taylor,  history  of  Food  Ad¬ 
ministration  in  Rhode  Island,  475. 

Wilson,  Robert  Forrest,  How  America 
Went  to  War,  50-51;  The  Road  to 
France,  77. 

Wilson,  T.  R.  C.,  report  by,  148;  bulle¬ 
tin  by,  149. 

Wilson,  William  B.,  address  by,  229; 
“Labor  Program  of  the  Department  of 
Labor,”  241. 

WUson,  Woodrow,  address  by,  435;  mes¬ 
sage  to  the  farmer,  435;  War,  Labor, 
and  Peace,  435. 

Wine,  prices,  343. 

Winslow,  Emma  A.,  paper  by,  144. 

Wire  Control  Board,  appointment  of, 
102. 

Wire  rope,  reports  re,  349,  352. 

Wisconsin,  seed  corn  emergency  in,  158; 
marketing  practices  of  creameries  in, 
161;  records,  481-482;  Wisconsin  in  the 
World  War,  482;  Loyalty  League,  482; 
newspapers,  482;  publications,  482-483. 

Witke,  Carl,  article  by,  472. 

Wolfe,  S.  Herbert,  234. 

Woman’s  Committee,  Council  of  National 
Defense,  functions  and  organization, 
319-320;  reports,  325;  records:  head¬ 
quarters,  329;  Minnesota,  462;  Ohio, 
472;  Pennsylvania,  474;  Rhode  Island, 
475. 

Woman’s  Land  Army  of  America,  Vir¬ 
ginia  Division,  478. 

Woman’s  Munition  Reserve  at  Seven 
Pines,  reports,  478. 


531 

Woman’s  part  in  American  industry  dur¬ 
ing  the  war,  255. 

Woman’s  Relief  Corps,  Minnesota,  state¬ 
ment  of  war  services,  462. 

Woman’s  service,  Arkansas,  records,  441. 

Women,  question  re  employment  of,  56; 
as  farm  laborers,  144;  in  food  conser¬ 
vation  work,  144,  145;  replacing  men 
as  industrial  laborers,  230;  training 
for  war  work,  231 ;  recommendations 
re  employment  of,  243;  action  of  War 
I^abor  Policies  Board  toward  employ¬ 
ment  of,  246;  standards  for  employ¬ 
ment  of,  255;  employment  in  hazard¬ 
ous  industries,  255;  new  position  in 
American  industry,  255 ;  industrial  con¬ 
ditions  for,  255;  results  of  substitution 
on  men’s  work,  255;  industrial  oppor¬ 
tunities  for,  255;  shorter  working  day 
for,  256;  state  laws  affecting,  256;  di¬ 
rection  of  efforts  of,  318;  employment 
by  Railroad  Administration,  421 ;  war 
work  in  colleges,  436;  organization  for 
war  work,  462;  as  affected  by  the 
war,  470,  479. 

Women  and  the  World  War,  325,  475. 

Women  farm  labor  specialists.  New 
York,  467. 

Women  in  Government  Service,  255. 

Women  in  industry,  awards  of  National 
War  Labor  Board  re,  245;  survey  of, 
250 ;  health  problems,  256 ;  committee 
on,  320,  321;  New  York,  468. 

Women  in  Industry  Service,  report  re, 
229;  investigations  for,  252;  functions, 
254 ;  publications,  255-256 ;  records, 
256. 

Women  in  the  war,  California,  442;  West 
Virginia,  481. 

Women’s  clubs,  144,  440,  460. 

Women’s  Clubs,  Federated,  Tennessee, 
report,  476. 

Women’s  Council  of  Defense,  Colorado, 
444. 

Women’s  industrial  employment,  statis¬ 
tics,  255. 

Women’s  labor,  Louisiana,  456. 

Women’s  organizations.  North  Carolina, 
reports,  470. 

Women’s  Service  Section,  Railroad  Ad¬ 
ministration,  231. 

Women  Street  Car  Conductors  and  Ticket 
A  gents,  255. 

“Women  street  railway  employees,”  231. 


532 


INDEX 


Women’s  War  Work,  Division  of,  func¬ 
tion,  432;  records,  438,  476. 

Women  wage  earners,  Missouri,  463. 

Women  workers,  recruiting  and  training, 
254,  255;  displacement  of,  255. 

Women  Workers  in  the  Philadelphia  Na¬ 
val  Aircraft  Factory,  326. 

Wood,  Debora  E.,  bulletin  by,  343. 

Wood  alcohol,  price  report,  349;  status 
of  industry  report,  352. 

Wood  chemicals,  cost  report,  351. 

Wood  Chemicals  Section,  records,  376. 

Wooden  ships,  records,  308. 

Wood  Fuel,  by  W.  G.  Howard,  468. 

“Wood  Fuel  Items,”  151. 

Wood  products,  report  re,  352. 

Wool,  increasing  production  of,  137,  147, 
160;  market  reports  on,  170;  produc¬ 
tion  and  consumption,  173;  statistics, 
214;  price  fixing,  340. 

Wool  and  woolen  goods,  price  fixing,  346; 
price  reports,  350. 

Wool  and  woolens,  report  re,  352. 

Wool  and  Nvool  products,  prices,  343. 

Wool  dealers’  profits,  report,  266. 

Wool  Division,  records,  347,  376. 

Woolen  goods,  cost  report,  351. 

Woolen  industry,  conservation  in,  63; 
report,  351. 

Woolen  manufactures,  census  of,  214. 

Woolen  rag  trade,  report  on,  271. 

Wool  grease,  price  report,  349;  cost  re¬ 
port,  351. 

Wool-growing  industry,  survey  of,  274. 

Worcester,  Mass.,  howitzer  carriages  pro¬ 
duced  at,  72. 

Worick,  Clay  S.,  52. 

Working  Conditions  Service,  investiga¬ 
tions  for,  252;  functions,  256;  publi¬ 
cations,  256-257. 

Workman,  James  M.,  article  by,  167. 


World  War,  cost  of,  41. 

Worthington  Pump  and  Machinery  Cor¬ 
poration  and  employees,  244. 

Wriston,  Henry  M.,  Report  on  War 
Chest  Practice,  446. 

Wyoming,  reclamation  fund  from,  123; 
petroleum-cost  report,  271;  records, 
483-484;  publications,  484;  newspapers, 
484. 

Xyl6l,  report  re,  352. 

Yale  Universitj^  chemical  warfare  serv¬ 
ice,  85. 

Yards  and  Docks,  Navy  Department,  ac¬ 
tivities  of,  110. 

Yerkes,  Arnold  P.,  bulletins  by,  176,  177. 

Yoder,  P.  A.,  bulletins  by,  155-156. 

Yohe,  H.  S.,  bulletin  by,  165. 

Yorktown,  Va.,  mine-loading  plants  at, 
107. 

Young,  H.  E.,  article  by,  450. 

Young  Men’s  Christian  Association,  rec¬ 
ords:  Alabama,  440;  Colorado,  444; 
Kansas,  454 ;  Kentucky,  455 ;  Minne¬ 
sota,  462;  Texas,  477;  Virginia,  479; 
Wyoming,  483. 

Young  Women’s  Christian  Association, 
records:  Alabama,  440;  Kansas,  454; 
Kentucky,  455;  Minnesota,  462;  Texas, 
477 ;  Virginia,  480. 

Yurow,  Louis,  paper  by,  210. 

Zapoleon,  L.  B.,  bulletins  by,  173. 

Zinc,  cost  reports,  265,  266,  351 ;  price  fix¬ 
ing,  340;  imports,  350. 

Zinc  ore,  effects  of  the  war  on,  275. 

Zirconium,  114,  352. 

Zon,  Raphael,  Forest  Resources  of  the 
World,  150;  monograph  by,  201. 

Zook,  L.  I.,  bulletin  by,  153. 


OUTLINE  OF  PLAN 

FOR  THE 

ECONOMIC  AND  SOCIAL  HISTORY  OF  THE 

WORLD  WAR 

EDITORS  AND  EDITORIAL  BOARDS 


Great  Britain 

Sir  William  Beveridge,  K.C.B.,  Chairman. 
Professor  H.  W.  C.  Davis,  C.B.E. 

Mr.  Thomas  Jones,  LL.D. 

Mr.  J.  M.  Keynes,  C.B. 

Mr.  F.  W.  Hirst. 

Professor  W.  R.  Scott,  D.Phil.,  LL.D. 
Professor  James  T.  Shotwell,  ex  officio, 

Austria-Hungary 
Joint  Editorial  Board. 

Professor  James  T.  Shotwell,  Chairman. 

Editors,  Austrian  Series : 

Professor  Dr.  Friedrich  Wieser,  Chairman. 
Dr.  Richard  Riedl. 

Dr.  Richard  Schuller. 

Editor,  Hungarian  Series : 

Dr.  Gustav  Gratz. 

Editor,  Public  Health  Series : 
Professor  Dr.  Clemens  Pirquet. 

Belgium 

Professor  H.  Pirenne,  Editor. 


1 


France 

Professor  Charles  Gide,  Chairman. 

M.  Arthur  Fontaine. 

Professor  Henri  Hauser. 

Professor  Charles  Rist. 

Professor  James  T.  Shotwell,  ex  officio. 

Germany 

Dr.  Carl  Melchior,  Chairman. 

Professor  Dr.  Albrecht  Mendelssohn  Bartholdy, 

Executive  Secretary. 

Dr.  Hermann  Bucher. 

Professor  Dr.  Carl  Duisberg. 

Professor  Dr.  Max  Sering. 

Professor  James  T.  Shotwell,  ex  officio. 

Italy 

Professor  Luigi  Einaudi,  Chairman. 

Professor  Pasquale  Jannaccone. 

Professor  Umberto  Ricci. 

Professor  James  T.  Shotwell,  ex  officio. 

The  Netherlands 
Professor  H.  B.  Greven,  Editor. 

Rumania 

Mr.  David  Mitrany,  Editor. 

Russia 

Editor,  First  Series : 

Sir  Paul  VinogradofF,  F.B.A.  (1921-1925). 

(Died,  December  19,  1925.) 

Scandinavia 

Professor  Harald  Westergaard  (Denmark),  Chairman. 
Professor  Eh  Heckscher  (Sweden). 

Professor  James  T.  Shotwell,  ex  officio. 


2 


LIST  OF  MONOGRAPHS 

This  list  includes  only  those  published  and  in  course  of  preparation, 
and  may  be  changed  from  time  to  time.  The  monographs  fall  into  two 
main  classes,  those  which  may  be  said  to  constitute  full  numbers  in  the 
series,  volumes  of  from  300  to  500  pages ;  and  partial  numbers  or  spe¬ 
cial  studies  of  approximately  100  pages  or  less,  which  may  ultimately 
be  incorporated  in  a  full  volume  along  with  others  dealing  with  cognate 
subjects.  Titles  have  been  grouped  to  indicate  the  proposed  volume  ar¬ 
rangement,  but  this  grouping  cannot  be  regarded  as  final  in  the  larger 
and  more  complicated  series.  It  is  the  intention,  however,  to  keep  to  the 
total  number  of  volumes  indicated. 

Monographs  already  published  are  indicated  by  an  asterisk,  partial 
numbers  by  a  double  asterisk. 

AMERICAN  SERIES 

*Guide  to  American  Sources  for  the  Economic  History  of  the  War,  by 
Mr.  Waldo  G.  Leland  and  Dr.  Newton  D.  Mereness. 

War-Time  Control  of  Industry  in  the  United  States,  by  Professor  Alvin 
S.  Johnson. 

War  History  of  American  Railways  and  War  Transportation  Policies, 
by  Mr.  Walker  D.  Hines. 

Financial  History  of  the  War:  Revenue  Aspects  of  the  Problem,  War 
Taxation,  etc.,  by  Professor  Thomas  Sewall  Adams. 

War  Controls  in  the  United  States,  by  Professor  Edwin  F.  Gay. 

(Other  volumes  to  follow.) 

TRANSLATED  AND  ABRIDGED  SERIES 

*The  History  of  French  Industry  during  the  War,  by  M.  Arthur 
Fontaine. 

Agriculture  during  the  War,  by  M.  Michel- Auge-Laribe. 

Rationing  and  Food  Control,  by  M.  P.  Pinot. 

War  Costs:  Direct  Expenses,  by  Professor  Gaston  Jeze. 

War-Time  Finances,  by  M.  Henri  Truchy. 

Effect  of  the  War  upon  the  Civil  Government  of  France,  by  Professor 
Pierre  Renouvin. 

The  Organization  of  Labor  in  the  Invaded  Territories,  by  M.  Pierre 
Boulin. 

“Mittel-Europa” :  The  Preparation  of  a  New  Joint  Economy,  by  Dr. 

Gustav  Gratz  and  Dr.  Richard  Schuller. 

War  Government  in  Austria,  by  Dr.  Joseph  Redlich. 

(Other  volumes  to  follow.) 


3 


Beitish  Series 

^Bibliographical  Survey,  by  Miss  M.  E.  Bulkley. 

*Manual  of  Archive  Administration,  by  Mr.  Hilary  Jenkinson. 

*British  Archives  in  Peace  and  War,  by  Dr.  Hubert  HaU. 

War  Government  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland  (with  special  reference 
to  its  economic  aspects),  by  Professor  W.  G.  S.  Adams,  C.B. 

*War  Government  of  the  British  Dominions,  by  Professor  A.  B.  Keith, 
D.C.L. 

^Prices  and  Wages  in  the  United  Kingdom,  1914-1920,  by  Professor 
A.  L.  Bowley. 

^British  War  Budgets  and  Financial  Policy,  by  Mr.  F.  W.  Hirst  and 
Mr.  J.  E.  Allen. 

Taxation  and  War-Time  Incomes,  by  Sir  Josiah  C.  Stamp,  K.B.E. 

T axation  during  the  W ar. 

War-Time  Profits  and  Their  Distribution. 

The  War  and  Insurance.  A  series  of  studies:  Life  Insurance,  by  Mr. 
S.  G.  Warner;  Fire  Insurance,  by  Mr.  A.  E.  Sich  and  Mr. 
S.  Preston;  Shipping  Insurance,  by  Sir  Norman  Hill;  Friendly 
Societies  and  Health  Insurance,  by  Sir  Alfred  Watson;  Unemploy¬ 
ment  Insurance,  by  Sir  William  Beveridge ;  with  an  additional  sec¬ 
tion  of  the  National  Savings  Movement,  by  Sir  William  Schooling. 
^Experiments  in  State  Control  at  the  War  Office  and  the  Ministry  of 
Food,  by  Mr.  E.  M.  H.  Lloyd. 

British  Food  Control,  by  Sir  William  Beveridge,  K.C.B.,  and  Sir  Ed¬ 
ward  C.  K.  Gonner,  K.B.E. 

*Food  Production  in  War,  by  Sir  Thomas  Middleton,  K.B.E. 

**The  Cotton  Control  Board,  by  Mr.  H.  D.  Henderson. 

*Allied  Shipping  Control;  an  Experiment  in  International  Adminis¬ 
tration,  by  Sir  Arthur  Salter,  K.C.B. 

General  History  of  British  Shipping  during  the  War,  by  Mr.  C.  Ernest 
Fayle. 

*The  British  Coal  Industry  during  the  War,  by  Sir  Richard  Redmayne, 

K.C.B. 

The  British  Iron  and  Steel  Industry  during  the  War,  by  Mr.  W.  T. 
Layton,  C.H.,  C.B.E. 

British  Labour  Unions  and  the  War,  by  Mr.  G.  D.  H.  Cole: 

**Trade  Unionism  and  Munitions. 

**Labour  in  the  Coal  Mining  Industry. 

**Workshop  Organization. 

*Labour  Supply  and  Regulation,  by  Mr.  Humbert  Wolfe,  C.B.E. 

4 


Effect  of  the  War  upon  Public  Health: 

Public  Health  Conditions  in  England  during  the  War,  by  Dr.  A.  W. 
J.  Macfadden,  C.B. 

Health  of  the  Returned  Soldier,  by  Dr.  E.  Cunyngham  Brown, 
C.B.E. 

*Industries  of  the  Clyde  Valley  during  the  War,  by  Professor  W.  R. 
Scott  and  Mr.  J.  Cunnison. 

Rural  Scotland  during  the  War.  A  series  of  studies  under  the  direction 
of  Professor  W.  R.  Scott.  Scottish  Fisheries,  by  Mr.  D.  T.  Jones ; 
Scottish  Agriculture,  with  special  reference  to  Food,  by  Mr.  H.  M. 
Conacher;  The  Scottish  Agricultural  Labourer,  by  Mr.  J.  S. 
Duncan;  Scottish  Land  Settlement,  by  Professor  W.  R.  Scott; 
Appendix.  The  Jute  Industry,  by  Mr.  J.  P.  Day ;  Introduction,  by 
Professor  W.  R.  Scott. 

Wales  in  the  World  War,  by  Mr.  Thomas  Jones,  LL.D. 

Guides  to  the  Study  of  War-Time  Economics,  by  Dr.  N.  B.  Dearie: 
Dictionary  of  Official  War-Time  Organizations. 

Economic  Chronicle  of  the  War. 

Studies  in  British  Social  History  (to  be  arranged). 

Cost  of  the  War  to  Great  Britain  (to  be  arranged). 

Austrian  and  Hungarian  Series 
Austria-Hvm,gary  : 

^Bibliography  of  Austrian  Economic  Literature  during  the  War,  by 
Professor  Dr.  Othmar  Spann. 

*  Austro-Hungarian  Finance  during  the  War,  by  Dr.  Alexander  Popo- 
vics. 

Military  Economic  History,  a  series  of  studies  directed  by  Professor 
Dr.  Friedrich  Wieser,  Generals  Krauss  and  Hoen,  and  Colonel 
Glaise-Horstenau. 

Conscription,  etc.,  by  Colonel  Klose;  Munitions  and  Supply,  by 
Colonel  Pflug.  Others  to  follow. 

Economic  Use  of  Occupied  Territories :  Serbia,  Montenegro,  Albania, 
by  General  Kerchnawe ;  Italy,  by  General  Ludwig  Leidl ;  Rumania, 
by  General  Felix  Sobotka;  Ukraine,  by  General  Alfred  Krauss; 
Poland,  by  Major  Rudolf  Mitzka. 

*‘Mittel-Europa’ :  the  Preparation  of  a  New  Joint  Economy,  by  Dr. 

Gustav  Gratz  and  Dr.  Richard  Schuller. 

Exhaustion  and  Disorganization  of  the  Hapsburg  Monarchy,  by  Pro¬ 
fessor  Dr.  Friedrich  Wieser,  with  a  section  on  the  Disruption  of 
the  Austro-Hungarian  Economic  Union,  by  Dr.  Richard  Schuller. 

5 


Empire  of  Austria: 

*War  Government  in  Austria,  by  Professor  Dr.  Joseph  Redlich. 

Industrial  Control  in  Austria  during  the  War,  a  series  of  studies  di¬ 
rected  by  Dr.  Richard  Riedl. 

Food  Control  and  Agriculture  in  Austria  during  the  War,  a  series  of 
studies  directed  by  Dr.  H.  Lowenfeld-Russ. 

*Labor  in  Austria  during  the  War,  a  series  of  studies  directed  by  Mr. 
Ferdinand  Hanusch. 

Austrian  Railways  during  the  War  (Civil  Control)  by  Ing.  Bruno 
Enderes ;  Transportation  under  Military  Control,  by  Colonel  Rat- 
zenhofer. 

*Coal  Supply  in  Austria  during  the  War,  by  Ing.  Emil  Homann-Herim- 
berg. 

The  Moral  Effects  of  the  War  upon  Austria,  by  Chancellor  Dr.  Ignaz 
Seipel. 

The  War  and  Crime,  by  Professor  Franz  Exner. 

The  Costs  of  the  War  to  Austria,  by  Dr.  Friedrich  Homik. 

Kingdom  of  Hungary: 

Economic  War  History  of  Hungary:  A  General  Survey,  by  Dr.  Gustav 
Gratz. 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  the  Hungarian  Government  and  People,  by 
Count  Albert  Apponyi. 

Hungarian  Industry  during  the  War,  by  Baron  Joseph  Szterenyi. 

History  of  Hungarian  Commerce  during  the  War,  by  Dr.  Alexander 
von  Matlekovits. 

History  of  Hungarian  Finance  during  the  War,  by  Dr.  Johann  von 
Teleszky. 

Hungarian  Agriculture  during  the  War,  by  Dr.  Emil  von  Mutschen- 
bacher;  and  Food  Control  in  Hungary  during  the  War,  by  Pro¬ 
fessor  Johann  Bud. 

Social  Conditions  in  Hungary  during  the  War,  by  Dr.  Desider  Pap. 

Public  Health  and  the  War  in  Austria-Hungary : 

General  Survey  of  Public  Health  in  Austria-Hungary,  by  Professor  Dr. 
Clemens  Pirquet. 

*The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Public  Health  in  Austria  and  Hungary. 
A  series  of  studies  by  Drs.  Helly,  Kirchengerger,  Steiner,  Raschof- 
sky,  Kassowitz,  Breitner,  von  Bokay,  Schacherl,  Hockauf,  Finger, 
Kyrle,  Ehas,  Economo,  Miiller-Deham,  Nobel,  Wagner,  Edelmann, 
and  Mayerhofer,  edited  with  Introduction  by  Professor  Dr.  Cle¬ 
mens  Pirquet. 


6 


Belgian  Series 

Belgium  and  the  World  War,  by  Professor  H.  Pirenne. 

Deportation  of  Belgian  Workmen  and  the  Forced  Labor  of  the  Civilian 
Population  during  the  German  Occupation  of  Belgium,  by  M. 
Fernand  Passelecq. 

*Food  Supply  of  Belgium  during  the  German  Occupation,  by  Dr.  Al¬ 
bert  Henry. 

^German  Legislation  with  Reference  to  the  Occupation  of  Belgium,  by 
Drs.  J.  Pirenne  and  M.  Vauthier. 

Unemployment  in  Belgium  during  the  German  Occupation,  by  Profes¬ 
sor  Ernest  Mahaim. 

Destruction  of  Belgian  Industry  by  the  Germans,  by  Count  Charles  de 
Kerchove. 

Economic  Policy  of  the  Belgian  Government  during  the  War,  by  Pro¬ 
fessor  F.  J.  van  Langenhove. 

Czechoslovak  Series 

*Financial  Policy  of  Czechoslovakia  during  the  First  Year  of  Its  His¬ 
tory,  by  Dr.  A.  Rasin. 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  the  Czechoslovak  People.  A  volume  of 
studies  under  the  direction  of  President  Masaryk. 

French  Series 

*Bibllographical  Guide  to  the  Literature  concerning  France  for  the 
Economic  History  of  the  War,  by  Dr.  Camille  Bloch. 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  Government: 

*Effect  of  the  War  upon  the  Civil  Government  of  France,  by  Pro¬ 
fessor  Pierre  Renouvin. 

^Problem  of  Regionalism,  by  Professor  Henri  Hauser. 

Official  War-Time  Organizations,  by  M.  Armand  Boutillier  du  Re¬ 
tail. 

Organization  of  the  Republic  for  Peace,  by  M.  Henri  Chardon. 

Studies  in  War-Time  Statistics: 

Effect  of  the  War  upon  Population  and  upon  Incomes,  by  M.  Michel 
Huber. 

^Prices  and  Wages  during  the  War,  by  M.  Lucien  March. 

Supply  and  Control  of  Food  in  War-Time: 

*Rationing  and  Food  Control,  by  MM.  Adolphe  Plchon  and  P.  Pinot. 

*  Agriculture  during  the  War,  by  M.  Michel  Auge-Laribe. 

*The  History  of  French  Industry  during  the  War,  by  M.  Arthur  Fon¬ 
taine. 


7 


^Effects  of  the  War  upon  Textile  Industries,  by  Professor  Albert  Af- 
talion. 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  Metallurgy  and  Engineering  (to  be  ar¬ 
ranged)  ;  and  Effects  of  the  War  upon  Chemical  Industries,  by 
M.  Eugene  Mauclere. 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  Fuel  and  Motive  Power: 

Coal  Industry  and  Mineral  Fuels,  by  M.  Henri  de  Peyerimhoff. 

*Hydroelectric  Power,  by  Professor  Raoul  Blanchard. 

Forestry  and  the  Timber  Industry  during  the  War,  by  General  Georges 
Chevalier;  and  War-Time  Aeronautic  Industries,  by  Colonel  Paul 
Dhe. 

Organization  of  War  Industries,  by  M.  Albert  Thomas. 

Labor  Conditions  during  the  War,  by  MM.  William  Oualid  and  M.  C. 
Picquenard. 

Studies  in  War-Time  Labor  Problems  (2  volumes)  : 

Unemployment  during  the  War,  by  M.  A.  Crehange. 

Syndicalism  during  the  War,  by  M.  Roger  Picard. 

*Foreign  and  Colonial  Workmen  in  France,  by  M.  B.  Noffaro  and 
Lt.-Col.  Weil. 

*Women  in  Industry  under  War  Conditions,  by  M.  Marcel  Frois. 

Effects  of  the  War  in  the  Occupied  Territories: 

The  Organization  of  Labor  in  the  Invaded  Territories,  by  M.  Pierre 
Bouhn. 

Food  Supply  in  the  Invaded  Territories,  by  MM.  Paul  CoUinet  and 
Paul  Stahl. 

Damage  Inflicted  by  the  War,  by  MM.  Edmond  Michel  and  Prangey. 

Refugees  and  Prisoners  of  War: 

The  Refugees  and  Interned  Civilians,  by  Professor  Pierre  Caron. 

Prisoners  of  War,  by  M.  Georges  Cahen-Salvador. 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  Transportation: 

French  Railroads  during  the  War,  by  M.  Marcel  Peschaud.  , 

^Internal  Waterways,  Freight  Traffic,  by  M.  Georges  Pocard  de 
Kerviler. 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  French  Shipping: 

Merchant  Shipping  during  the  War,  by  M.  Henri  Cangardel. 

French  Ports  during  the  War,  by  M.  Georges  Hersent. 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  French  Commerce,  by  Professor  Charles  Rist. 

French  Commercial  Policy  during  the  War,  by  M.  Etienne  Clementel. 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  French  Finances: 

*  War-Time  Finance,  by  M.  Henri  Truchy. 

War-Time  Banking,  by  M.  Albert  Aupetit. 

8 


Studies  in  Social  History : 

Cooperative  Societies  and  the  Struggle  against  High  Prices,  by  Pro¬ 
fessor  Charles  Gide  and  M.  Daude-Bancel. 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  the  Problem  of  Housing,  by  MM.  Henri 
SeUier  and  Bruggeman. 

Effect  of  the  War  upon  Public  Health: 

Public  Health  and  Hygiene,  by  Dr.  Leon  Bernard. 

The  Wounded  Soldiers,  by  MM.  Cassin  and  Ville-Chabrolle. 

The  Poilu:  Documents  from  the  Trenches,  by  Professor  J.  N.  Cru. 
Economic  History  of  French  Cities  during  the  War: 

Paris,  by  MM.  Henri  Sellier,  Bruggeman  and  Poete. 

*Lyons,  by  M.  Edouard  Herriot. 

*Rouen,  by  M.  J.  Levainville. 

*MarseLlles,  by  M.  Paul  Masson. 

^Bordeaux,  by  M.  Paul  Courteault. 

*Bourges,  by  M.  C.  J.  Gignoux. 

*Tours,  by  MM.  Michel  Lheritier  and  Camille  Chautemps. 

Alsace  and  Lorraine,  by  M.  Georges  Delahache. 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  Colonies  and  Possessions: 

The  Colonies  in  War-Time,  by  M.  Arthur  Girault. 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  Northern  Africa,  by  M.  Augustin  Bernard. 
The  Cost  of  the  War  to  France: 

*War  Costs:  Direct  Expenses,  by  Professor  Gaston  Jeze. 

The  Costs  of  the  War  to  France,  by  Professor  Charles  Gide. 

German  Series 

Bibliographical  Survey  of  German  Literature  for  the  Economic  His¬ 
tory  of  the  War,  by  Professor  Dr.  A.  Mendelssohn  Bartholdy  and 
Dr.  E.  Rosenbaum ;  with  a  supplementary  section  on  The  Imperial 
German  Archives,  by  Dr.  Miisebeck. 

Effect  of  the  War  upon  the  Government  and  Constitution  of  Germany: 
The  War  Government  of  Germany,  by  Professor  Dr.  A.  Mendelssohn 
Bartholdy. 

The  Political  Administration  of  Occupied  Territories,  by  Freiherr 
W.  M.  E.  von  Gayl,  Dr.  W.  von  Kries,  and  Dr.  L.  F.  von  Kohler. 
Effects  of  the  War  upon  Morals  and  Religion: 

Effect  of  the  War  upon  Morals,  by  Professor  Dr.  Otto  Baumgarten. 
Effect  of  the  War  upon  Religion,  by  Professor  Dr.  Erich  Foerster 
and  Professor  Dr.  Arnold  Rademacher. 

Effect  of  the  War  upon  the  Young,  by  Dr.  Wilhelm  Flitner. 

The  War  and  Crime,  by  Professor  Dr.  Moritz  Liepmann. 

9 


The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Population,  Income,  and  Standard  of  Liv¬ 
ing  in  Germany : 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Population;  a  study  in  vital  statistics, 
by  Professor  Dr.  Rudolf  Meerwarth, 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Incomes,  by  Professor  Dr.  Adolf  Giin- 
ther. 

General  Effects  of  the  War  upon  Production,  by  Professor  Dr.  Max 
Bering. 

The  War  and  Government  Control: 

State  Control  and  Decontrol,  by  Professor  Dr.  H.  Goppert. 

Supply  of  Raw  Materials  under  Government  Control,  by  Dr.  A. 
Koeth. 

Economic  Cooperation  with  the  Allies  of  Germany  and  the  Govern¬ 
ment  Organization  of  Supplies,  by  Dr.  W.  Frisch. 

Economic  Exploitation  of  Occupied  Territories : 

Belgium  and  Northern  France,  by  Dr.  George  Jahn. 

Rumania  and  the  Ukraine,  by  Dr.  Fritz  Karl  Mann. 

Poland  and  the  Baltic,  by  Dr.  W.  von  Kries  and  Freiherr  W.  M.  E. 
von  Gayl. 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  German  Commerce,  by  Professor  Dr.  K. 
Wiedenfeld. 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Shipping  and  Railways: 

War  and  German  Shipping,  by  Dr.  E.  Rosenbaum. 

War  and  German  Railways,  by  Dr.  Barter. 

The  Influence  of  the  War  upon  German  Industry,  by  Dr.  Hermann 
Bucher. 

The  War  and  German  Labor  Unions,  by  Mr.  Paul  Umbreit,  Mr.  Adam 
Stegerwald,  and  Mr.  Anton  Erkelenz ;  The  Women  Workers  dur¬ 
ing  the  War,  by  Dr.  Charlotte  Lorenz. 

The  Social  History  of  the  Laboring  Classes  during  and  after  the  War: 

The  War  and  the  German  Working  Man,  by  Ex-Minister  David. 

The  War  and  Wages,  by  Professor  Dr.  Waldemar  Zimmerman. 

Government  Action  with  reference  to  Social  Welfare  in  Germany  dur¬ 
ing  the  War,  by  Dr.  Dieckmann. 

Food  Supply  and  Agriculture : 

The  War  and  the  Agricultural  Population,  by  Dr.  Max  Bering. 

Food  Supply  during  the  War,  by  Professor  Dr.  A.  Skalweit. 

The  Influence  of  the  War  on  Agricultural  Production,  by  Professor 
Dr.  Friedrich  Aereboe. 

Effect  of  the  War  upon  the  Health  of  the  Civilian  Population  of  Ger¬ 
many,  by  Dr.  Franz  Bumm. 


10 


Effect  of  the  War  upon  German  Finance: 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Currency  and  Banking  (to  be  ar¬ 
ranged). 

German  Public  Finance  during  the  War,  by  Professor  Dr.  Walter 
Lotz. 

Greece 

Economic  and  Social  Effects  of  the  War  upon  Greece,  by  Professor  A. 
Andreades. 


Italian  Series 

Bibliographical  Survey  of  the  Economic  and  Social  Problems  of  the 
War,  by  Professor  Vincenzo  Porri,  with  an  introduction  on  the 
collection  and  use  of  the  documents  of  the  War,  by  Comm.  Eugenio 
Casanova. 

The  Economic  Legislation  of  the  War,  by  Professor  Alberto  De’Ste- 
fani. 

Agricultural  Production  in  Italy,  1914-19,  by  Professor  Umberto 
Ricci. 

The  Agricultural  Classes  in  Italy  during  the  War,  by  Professor  Arrigo 
Serpieri. 

Food  Supply  and  Rationing,  by  Professor  Bachi;  and  Food  Supply  of 
the  Italian  Army,  by  Professor  Gaetano  Zingah. 

War-Time  Finances,  by  Professor  Luigi  Einaudi. 

Cost  of  the  War  to  Italy,  by  Professor  Luigi  Einaudi. 

Currency  Inflation  in  Italy  and  Its  Effects  on  Prices,  Incomes,  and 
Foreign  Exchanges,  by  Professor  Pasquale  Jannaccone. 

*  Vital  Statistics  and  Public  Health  in  Italy  during  and  after  the  War, 
by  Professor  Giorgio  Mortara. 

The  Italian  People  during  and  after  the  War:  A  Social  Survey,  by 
Professor  Gioacchino  Volpe. 

*Social  and  Economic  Life  in  Piedmont  as  Affected  by  the  War,  by 
Professor  Giuseppe  Prato. 

The  Netherlands  Series 

*War  Finances  in  the  Netherlands  up  to  1918,  by  Dr.  M.  J.  van  der 
Flier. 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Supplies  and  upon  Agriculture,  by  Dr. 
F.  E.  Posthuma. 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  the  Manufacturing  Industry,  by  Mr. 
C.  J.  P.  Zaalberg. 


11 


The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Commerce  and  Navigation,  by  Mr.  E.  P. 
DeMonchy. 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Prices,  Wages,  and  the  Cost  of  Living,  by 
Professor  Dr.  H.  W.  Methorst. 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Banking  and  Currency,  by  Dr.  G.  Visser- 
ing  and  Dr.  J.  Westerman  Holstyn. 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  the  Colonies,  by  Professor  Dr.  J.  H.  Car- 
pentier  Alting  and  Mr.  de  Cock  Buning. 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  the  Housing  Problem,  1914-22,  by  Dr. 
H.  J.  Romeyn. 

War  Finances  in  the  Netherlands,  1918-22.  The  Costs  of  the  War,  by 
Professor  Dr.  H.  W.  C.  Bordewyck. 

Japanese  Sekies 

Influence  of  the  War  upon  Production  of  Raw  Materials  in  Japan,  by 
Mr.  Kobayashi. 

Influence  of  the  War  upon  Japanese  Industry,  by  Mr.  Ogawa. 

Influence  of  the  War  upon  Japanese  Commerce  and  Trade,  by  Mr. 
Yamazaki. 

Influence  of  the  War  upon  Japanese  Transportation,  by  Mr.  Mat- 
suoka. 

Influence  of  the  War  upon  Japanese  Finance  and  the  Money  Market, 
by  Mr.  Ono. 

Social  Influence  of  the  War  upon  Japan,  by  Mr.  Kobayashi. 

Rumanian  Series 

The  Rural  Revolution  in  Rumania  and  Southeastern  Europe,  by  Mr. 
D.  Mitrany. 

Economic  Consequences  of  the  War  in  Rumania: 

The  Effect  of  the  Enemy  Occupation  of  Rumania,  by  Dr.  G.  Antipa. 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Public  Health  in  Rumania,  by  Professor 
J.  Cantacuzino. 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Rumanian  Economic  Life  (to  be  ar¬ 
ranged)  . 

Rumanian  War  Finance,  by  M.  Vintila  Bratianu. 

Russian  Series 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  Government  and  National  Finances  in  Russia: 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  the  Central  Government,  by  Professor  Paul 
P.  Gronsky. 


12 


State  Finances  during  the  War,  by  Mr.  Alexander  M.  Michelson. 

Russian  State  Credit  during  the  War,  by  Mr.  Paul  N.  Apostol. 

Currency  in  Russia  during  the  War,  by  Professor  Michael  V.  Bernad- 
sky. 

Municipalities  and  Zemstvos  during  the  War: 

The  Zemstvos  in  Peace  and  War,  by  Prince  J.  LvofF. 

Effect  of  the  War  upon  Russian  Municipalities,  and  the  All-Russian 
Union  of  Towns,  by  Mr.  N.  I.  Astroff. 

The  Zemstvos,  the  All-Russian  Union  of  the  Zemstvos  and  the  Zem- 
gor,  by  Prince  Vladimir  A.  Obolensky  and  Mr.  Sergius  P.  Turin. 

The  War  and  the  Psychology  of  the  Zemstvos  Workers,  by  Mr. 
Isaak  V.  Shklovsky. 

Effect  of  the  War  upon  Agricultural  Cooperation  and  Cooperative 
Credit,  by  Professor  A.  N.  Anziferoff. 

The  Russian  Army  in  the  World  War:  a  study  in  social  history,  by 
General  Nicholas  N.  Golovine. 

Rural  Economy  in  Russia  and  the  War,  by  Professor  A.  N.  Anziferoff, 
Professor  Alexander  Bilimovitch,  and  Mr.  M.  O.  Batcheff. 

Effect  of  the  War  upon  Landholding  and  Settlement  in  Russia,  by  Pro¬ 
fessor  Alexander  Bilimovitch  and  Professor  V.  A.  Kossinsky. 

Problem  of  Food  Supply  in  Russia  during  the  War,  by  Professor  Peter 
B.  Struve. 

State  Control  of  Industry  in  Russia  during  the  War,  by  Mr.  Simon  O. 
Zagorsky. 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  Russian  Industries: 

Coal  Mining,  by  Mr.  Boris  N.  Sokoloff. 

Chemical  Industr}’^,  by  Mr.  Mark  A.  Landau. 

Flax  and  Wool  Industry,  by  Mr.  Sergius  N.  Tretiakoff. 

Petroleum,  by  Mr.  Alexander  M.  Michelson. 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  Labor  and  Industrial  Conditions: 

Wages  in  War-Time,  by  Miss  Anna  G.  Eisenstadt. 

Changes  in  the  Conditions  and  Composition  of  the  Working  Classes, 
by  Mr.  W.  T.  Braithwaite. 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  Trade  and  Commerce: 

Internal  Russian  Trade  during  the  War,  by  Mr.  Paul  A.  Bourysch- 
kine. 

Russia  in  the  Economic  War,  by  Professor  Boris  E.  Nolde. 

Effects  of  the  War  upon  Transportation  in  Russia,  by  Mr.  Michael  B. 
Braikevitch. 


13 


Effects  of  the  War  upon  Education  and  Public  Health  in  Russia: 

Elementary  and  Secondary  Schools  during  the  War,  by  Professor 
D.  M.  Odinez. 

Universities  and  Academic  Institutions  during  the  War,  by  Profes¬ 
sor  P.  J.  Novgorodzoff. 

Social  History  of  the  Ukraine  during  the  War,  by  Mr.  Nicholas  M. 
Mogilansky. 

Vital  Statistics  of  Russia  during  the  War,  by  Mr.  S.  S.  Kohn;  and 
Russia  in  the  World  War;  a  historical  synthesis  (to  be  arranged). 

Scandinavian  Series 

The  Economic  Effects  of  the  War  upon  Sweden,  a  series  of  studies 
edited  and  with  an  Introduction  by  Professor  Eli  F.  Heckscher. 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  the  Life  and  Work  of  the  Swedish  Peo¬ 
ple  (General  Introduction),  by  Professor  Eli  F.  Heckscher. 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Swedish  Agriculture  and  Food  Supply, 
by  Mr.  Carl  Mannerfelt. 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Swedish  Industry,  by  Mr.  Olof  Eds- 
trom. 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  the  Working  Classes,  by  Mr.  Otto 
Jarte. 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Swedish  Finance  and  Commerce: 

The  Effect  of  the  War  upon  Currency  and  Finances,  by  Professor 
Eli  F.  Heckscher. 

The  War  and  Swedish  Commerce,  by  Mr.  Kurt  Bergendal. 

Norway  and  the  World  War,  by  Dr.  Wilhelm  Keilhau. 

The  Economic  Effects  of  the  War  upon  Denmark,  by  Dr.  Einar  Cohn, 
with  a  section  on  Iceland,  by  Mr.  Thorstein  Thorsteinsson. 

Yugoslav  Series 

Economic  Situation  of  Serbia  at  the  Outbreak  and  during  the  First 
Year  of  the  War,  by  Professor  Velimir  Bajkitch. 

Economic  and  Social  Effects  of  the  World  War  upon  Serbia,  by  Pro¬ 
fessor  Dragoliub  Yovanovitch. 

Economic  and  Social  Effects  of  the  War  upon  Yugoslavia  (to  be  ar¬ 
ranged)  . 


14 


PUBLISHERS 


The  publication  of  the  monographs  is  being  carried  forward  under 
the  general  direction  of  Yale  University  Press,  in  cooperation  with 
other  publishers  in  other  countries.  Each  of  the  volumes  as  published 
is  thus  made  available  not  only  through  the  national  publisher,  but 
through  each  of  the  other  publishers  in  other  countries. 

The  following  volumes  are  now  ready,  or  will  be  ready  shortly : 

American  Series 

Guide  to  American  Sources  for  the  Economic  History  of  the  War,  by 
Mr.  Waldo  G.  Leland  and  Dr.  Newton  D.  Mereness. 

Translated  and  Abridged  Series 
The  History  of  French  Industry  during  the  War,  by  M.  Arthur  Fon¬ 
taine. 


Austrian  and  Hungarian  Series 
(In  German) 

Bibliographic  der  Wirtschafts-  und  Sozialgeschichte  des  Weltkrieges, 
by  Othmar  Spann. 

Das  Geldwesen  im  Kriege,  by  Dr.  Alexander  von  Popovics. 

Die  Kohlenversorgung  Osterreichs  wahrend  des  Krieges,  by  Emil  von 
Homann-Herimberg. 

Die  Regelung  der  Arbeitsverhaltnisse  im  Kriege,  by  Ferdinand  Ha- 
nusch. 

Die  aussere  Wirtschaftspolitik  Osterreich-Ungarns,  by  Dr.  Gustav 
Gratz  and  Professor  Dr.  Richard  Schuller. 

Osterreichische  Regierung  und  Verwaltung  im  Kriege,  by  Minister 
A.  D.  Professor  Dr.  Josef  RedUch. 

Studien  iiber  Volksgesundheit  und  Krieg;  eine  Reihe  von  Monographien, 
verfasst  von  den  Doktoren  J.  Bokay,  B.  Breitner,  C.  Economo, 
A.  Edelmann,  H.  Elias,  E.  Finger,  C.  Helly,  J.  Hockauf,  K.  Kas- 
sowitz,  C.  Kirchenberger,  G.  Schacherl,  J.  Steiner,  R.  Wagner, 
unter  der  Leitung  von  Professor  Dr.  Clemens  Pirquet. 

15 


Belgian  Series 
(In  French) 

L’activite  legislative  et  juridique  allemande  en  Belgique  pendant  I’occu- 
pation  de  1918  a  1924,  by  Marcel  Vauthier  and  Jacques  Pirenne. 
Le  ravitaillement  de  la  Belgique  pendant  I’occupation  allemande,  by 
Albert  Henry. 


British  Series 

Allied  Shipping  Control :  An  Experiment  in  International  Administra¬ 
tion,  by  J.  A.  Salter,  C.B. 

War  Government  of  the  British  Dominions,  by  Arthur  Berriedale 
Keith,  D.C.L.,  D.Litt. 

Prices  and  Wages  in  the  United  Kingdom,  1914-1920,  by  Arthur  L. 
Bowley,  Sc.D. 

A  Manual  of  Archive  Administration,  including  the  Problems  of  War 
Archives  and  Archive  Making,  by  Hilary  Jenkinson. 

The  Cotton  Control  Board,  by  Hubert  D.  Henderson,  M.A. 

Bibliographical  Survey  of  Contemporary  Sources  for  the  Economic 
and  Social  History  of  the  War,  by  M.  E.  Bulkley. 

Labour  Supply  and  Regulation,  by  Humbert  Wolfe. 

The  British  Coal-Mining  Industry  during  the  War,  by  Sir  Richard 
A.  S.  Redmayne. 

Food  Production  in  War,  by  Sir  Thomas  Hudson  Middleton. 

Workshop  Organization,  by  G.  D.  H.  Cole. 

Trade  Unionism  and  Munitions,  by  G.  D.  H.  Cole. 

Labor  in  the  Coal-Mining  Industry,  by  G.  D.  H.  Cole. 

Experiments  in  State  Control  at  the  War  OfBce  and  the  Ministry  of 
Food,  by  E.  M.  H.  Lloyd. 

Industries  of  the  Clyde  Valley  during  the  War,  by  W.  R.  Scott  and 
J.  Cunnison. 

Rural  Scotland  during  the  War;  A  Series  of  Studies  under  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  Professor  W.  R.  Scott. 

British  Archives  in  Peace  and  War,  by  Dr.  Hubert  Hall. 

British  War  Budgets  and  Financial  Policy,  by  Mr.  F.  W.  Hirst  and 
Mr.  J.  E.  Allen. 


Czechoslovak  Series 
(In  English) 

Financial  Policy  of  Czechoslovakia  during  the  First  Year  of  its  His 
tory,  by  Alois  Rasin. 


16 


French  Series 
(In  French) 

Bibliographie  generale  de  la  guerre,  by  Camille  Bloch. 

Le  Probleme  du  Regionalisme,  by  Professor  Henri  Hauser. 

Le  Controle  du  Ravitaillement  de  la  population  civile,  by  M.  Pierre 
Pinot. 

L’Agriculture  pendant  la  guerre,  by  M.  Michel  Auge-Laribe. 

Les  Industries  textiles,  by  M.  Albert  Aftalion. 

L’Industrie  fran9aise  pendant  la  guerre,  by  M.  Arthur  Fontaine. 

Les  Forces  hydro-electriques,  by  M.  Raoul  Blanchard. 

Les  Formes  du  gouvemement  de  guerre,  by  M.  Pierre  Renouvin. 

La  Main-d’oeuvre  etrangere  et  coloniale,  by  M.  B.  Nogaro  and  Lt.-Col. 
Weil. 

La  Sante  et  le  travail  des  femmes  pendant  la  guerre,  by  M.  Marcel 
Frois. 

La  Navigation  interieure  en  France  pendant  la  guerre,  by  M.  Georges 
Pocard  de  Kerviler. 

Les  Finances  de  guerre  de  la  France,  by  M.  Henri  Truchy. 

Les  Depenses  de  guerre  de  la  France,  by  M.  Gaston  Jeze. 

Le  mouvement  des  prix  et  des  salaries  durant  la  guerre  en  France,  by 
M.  Lucien  March. 

Etudes  d’Historie  locale: 

Lyon,  by  M.  Edouard  Herriot. 

Marseille,  by  M.  Paul  Masson. 

Rouen,  by  M.  J.  Levainville. 

Bordeaux,  by  M.  Paul  Courteault. 

Bourges,  by  M.  Claude- Joseph  Gignoux. 

Tours,  by  MM.  Michel  Lheritier  and  Camille  Chautemps. 

Italian  Series 

La  salute  pubblica  in  Itaha  durante  e  dopo  la  guerra,  by  Professor 
Giorgio  Mortara. 

II  Piemonte  e  gli  effetti  della  guerra  sulla  sua  vita  economica  e  sociale, 
by  Professor  Giuseppe  Prato. 

The  Netherlands  Series 
(In  English) 

War  Finances  in  the  Netherlands  up  to  1918,  by  M.  J.  van  der  Flier. 


17 


The  publishers  and  selling  agents  for  each  of  the  countries  are  as 
follows : 


AMERICA 

Yale  University  Press,  New  Haven,  Connecticut. 
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 

Holder-Pichler-Tempsky  A.-G.,  Vienna,  Austria. 

FRANCE 

Les  Presses  Universitaires  de  France,  49  Boulevard  Saint-Michel, 

Paris,  France. 

GERMANY 

Deutsche  Verlags-Anstalt,  Berlin  and  Stuttgart. 

GREAT  BRITAIN 

Oxford  University  Press,  Amen  House,  Warwick  Square,  London, 

E.C.  4.  England. 

ITALY 

La  Casa  Editrice  Laterza,  Bari,  Italy. 

Inquiries  regarding  the  contents  or  price  of  any  of  the  volumes 
should  be  addressed  to  the  publisher  for  the  country  from  which  the 
inquiry  originates. 


18 


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